264:
669:
37:
238:
The French government granted her amnesty in 1921, and Abid returned to Syria on the condition that she avoid politics. After founding the Light of
Damascus school that year - viewed as competition for resources with French humanitarian agencies and programs—the French authorities threatened to
291:, a judge and advisor to the sultan. While living in Turkey, she was educated in several languages in Turkish, American and French schools. She graduated with a BA in agriculture from the Women's College in Istanbul. Her family was exiled to Egypt for ten years after the
352:
134:
women's rights activist, nationalist, and critic of
Ottoman and French colonialism in Syria. She was the first woman to earn rank in the Syrian Army for her role in forming the Red Star Society, a precursor to the
267:
A family photo with Nazik standing on the left. Her sister, Soraya Al-Abed, standing on the right, her brothers in the back row are Hulu, Mazhar, Nihad and Adel, and the seated sisters are Aisha and Rafia.
235:
of Syria. As the first woman general in Syria, she was photographed in military uniform and without a hijab, but returned to wearing a veil after outcry from conservatives.
192:(Light of Damascus) society and magazine, and later, in 1922, a school of the same name which offered English and sewing courses for young girl orphans of the war dead.
255:(The Working Women's Society), which worked on labor issues on behalf of women in Syria, advocating economic liberation as a means to political liberation for women.
136:
219:
In 1920, Abid founded the Red Star
Association, an early form of the Red Crescent Society, and was awarded the rank of "honorary president" of the
180:
for
Damascus newspapers during the 1919 Syrian women's movement. She established a group to advocate for women's rights in 1914, and was exiled to
185:
719:
231:
in July 1920. Despite being exiled by the French government after the defeat of the Syrian Army, Abid was hailed domestically as the
734:
714:
694:
729:
689:
562:
466:
648:
623:
593:
530:
407:
327:
398:
Al-Hassan Golley, Nawar; Homsi Vinson, Pauline (2012). "3". In
Arenfeldt, Pernille; Al-Hassan Golley, Nawar (eds.).
673:
493:
724:
709:
201:
585:
581:
Colonial
Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon
579:
213:
317:
275:
family. Her father, Mustafa al-Abid, was an aristocrat charged with administrative affairs in
303:
292:
144:
704:
699:
489:"The woman's movement and its development. The colonial Welfare state in Syria (1920-1946)"
113:
women's rights activist, nationalist, and critic of
Ottoman and French colonialism in Syria
8:
555:
Gendering
Culture in Greater Syria: Intellectuals and Ideology in the Late Ottoman Period
288:
165:
227:. Abid led Red Star nurses in the Syrian Army's battle against French forces during the
380:
228:
42:
644:
619:
589:
558:
526:
462:
403:
384:
372:
323:
148:
498:
439:
364:
353:"Women's Visibility in Petitions from Greater Syria During the Late Ottoman Period"
224:
299:
123:
443:
169:
400:
Mapping Arab Women's
Movements : A Century of Transformations from Within
368:
683:
616:
Creating
Consent in Ba'thist Syria: Women and Welfare in a Totalitarian State
376:
284:
209:
62:
263:
232:
220:
503:
36:
430:
Zachs, Fruma (2013). "Muḥammad Jamīl Bayhum and the Woman Question".
177:
402:. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 67.
272:
140:
459:
Historical dictionary of women in the Middle East and North Africa
240:
131:
641:
Steel & silk : men and women who shaped Syria 1900-2000
488:
668:
276:
280:
205:
181:
173:
397:
130:; 1887–1959) known as the "Joan of Arc of the Arabs" was a
523:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000
319:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000
298:
In 1922, after her exile to Lebanon, she met and married
195:
184:by Ottoman leadership, where she stayed until the
105:BA in agriculture from Women's College in Istanbul
137:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
681:
584:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
350:
609:
607:
605:
548:
546:
544:
542:
204:, Abid spoke to American diplomats without a
461:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 11.
357:International Journal of Middle East Studies
25:
613:
552:
200:As the head of a women's delegation to the
602:
539:
516:
514:
35:
502:
450:
391:
159:
638:
577:
520:
486:
351:Zachs, Fruma; Ben-Bassat, Yuval (2015).
315:
262:
511:
456:
425:
423:
421:
419:
682:
186:collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918
553:Zachs, Fruma; Halevi, Sharon (2014).
429:
212:of Syria, and to testify against the
482:
480:
478:
416:
41:Al-Abid in military garb before the
239:arrest her, and she fled Syria for
127:
26:
13:
643:. Seattle, WA: Cune. p. 360.
309:
271:Abid was born into an influential
196:Against French occupation of Syria
14:
746:
661:
475:
246:
667:
487:Thompson, Elizabeth (May 2011).
258:
735:People of the Franco-Syrian War
720:Syrian women's rights activists
632:
571:
344:
208:to signal her intention for a
143:. She was a revolutionary for
1:
715:Syrian human rights activists
494:Clio. Femmes, genre, histoire
337:
302:intellectual and politician,
176:, often writing under a male
614:Meininghaus, Esther (2016).
578:Thompson, Elizabeth (2000).
322:. Cune Press. p. 360-.
55:Nazik Khatim Al ʿAbid Bayhum
7:
557:. I.B.Tauris. p. 124.
525:. Cune Press. p. 360.
154:
151:to work and vote in Syria.
16:Syrian activist (1887–1959)
10:
751:
695:20th-century Syrian people
639:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006).
444:10.1163/15700607-0003A0003
316:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006).
253:Niqâbat al-Mar'a al-'Amila
730:Politicians from Damascus
690:20th-century Syrian women
369:10.1017/S0020743815000975
279:and later as an envoy to
164:Abid was an activist for
109:
101:
93:
85:
69:
50:
34:
21:
216:mandate for occupation.
188:. In 1919, Abid founded
97:Joan of Arc of the Arabs
521:Moubayed, Sami (2006).
457:Talhami, Ghada (2013).
287:; she was the niece of
139:, during the battle of
268:
168:and resistance to the
160:Against Ottoman Empire
304:Muhammad Jamil Bayhum
283:under Ottoman Sultan
266:
202:King-Crane Commission
145:national independence
676:at Wikimedia Commons
251:In 1933 she founded
725:Syrian nationalists
432:Die Welt des Islams
504:10.4000/clio.10030
289:Ahmad Izza al-Abid
269:
229:Battle of Maysalun
43:Battle of Maysalun
672:Media related to
295:1908 revolution.
117:
116:
77:(aged 71–72)
742:
710:Syrian feminists
671:
655:
654:
636:
630:
629:
611:
600:
599:
575:
569:
568:
550:
537:
536:
518:
509:
508:
506:
484:
473:
472:
454:
448:
447:
427:
414:
413:
395:
389:
388:
348:
333:
166:women's suffrage
129:
94:Other names
76:
39:
29:
28:
19:
18:
750:
749:
745:
744:
743:
741:
740:
739:
680:
679:
664:
659:
658:
651:
637:
633:
626:
612:
603:
596:
576:
572:
565:
551:
540:
533:
519:
512:
497:(33): 107–124.
485:
476:
469:
455:
451:
428:
417:
410:
396:
392:
349:
345:
340:
330:
312:
310:Further reading
261:
249:
198:
162:
157:
81:
80:Damascus, Syria
78:
74:
65:
59:
57:
56:
46:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
748:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
678:
677:
663:
662:External links
660:
657:
656:
649:
631:
624:
618:. I.B.Tauris.
601:
594:
570:
564:978-0857736727
563:
538:
531:
510:
474:
468:978-1885942401
467:
449:
415:
408:
390:
363:(4): 765–781.
342:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
328:
311:
308:
260:
257:
248:
247:Women's rights
245:
197:
194:
172:occupation of
161:
158:
156:
153:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
71:
67:
66:
60:
54:
52:
48:
47:
40:
32:
31:
23:Nazik al-Abid
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
747:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
685:
675:
674:Naziq al-Abid
670:
666:
665:
652:
650:9781885942401
646:
642:
635:
627:
625:9780857729774
621:
617:
610:
608:
606:
597:
595:9780231106603
591:
587:
583:
582:
574:
566:
560:
556:
549:
547:
545:
543:
534:
532:9781885942401
528:
524:
517:
515:
505:
500:
496:
495:
490:
483:
481:
479:
470:
464:
460:
453:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
424:
422:
420:
411:
409:9789774164989
405:
401:
394:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:
343:
331:
329:9781885942418
325:
321:
320:
314:
313:
307:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:Abdulhamid II
282:
278:
274:
265:
259:Personal life
256:
254:
244:
242:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Prince Faysal
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
193:
191:
190:Nur al-Fayha'
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
152:
150:
149:women's right
146:
142:
138:
133:
125:
121:
120:Nazik Al Abid
112:
110:Occupation(s)
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
72:
68:
64:
63:Ottoman Syria
53:
49:
44:
38:
33:
20:
640:
634:
615:
580:
573:
554:
522:
492:
458:
452:
438:(1): 50–75.
435:
431:
399:
393:
360:
356:
346:
318:
297:
270:
252:
250:
237:
218:
210:secular rule
199:
189:
163:
119:
118:
75:(1959-00-00)
705:1959 deaths
700:1887 births
233:Joan of Arc
221:Syrian Army
128:نازك العابد
86:Nationality
27:نازك العابد
684:Categories
338:References
61:Damascus,
385:164613190
377:0020-7438
273:Damascene
178:pseudonym
102:Education
300:Lebanese
155:Activism
141:Maysalun
241:Lebanon
170:Ottoman
647:
622:
592:
561:
529:
465:
406:
383:
375:
326:
214:French
132:Syrian
124:Arabic
89:Syrian
45:, 1920
381:S2CID
281:Mosul
182:Cairo
174:Syria
645:ISBN
620:ISBN
590:ISBN
559:ISBN
527:ISBN
463:ISBN
404:ISBN
373:ISSN
324:ISBN
277:Kirk
206:veil
147:and
73:1959
70:Died
58:1887
51:Born
586:121
499:doi
440:doi
365:doi
293:CUP
223:by
686::
604:^
588:.
541:^
513:^
491:.
477:^
436:53
434:.
418:^
379:.
371:.
361:47
359:.
355:.
306:.
243:.
126::
653:.
628:.
598:.
567:.
535:.
507:.
501::
471:.
446:.
442::
412:.
387:.
367::
332:.
122:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
