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which they have to spare and we want, for necessaries, which we have to spare and they want, we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands. At our trading houses, too, we mean to sell so low as merely to repay us cost and charges, so as neither to lessen or enlarge our capital. This is what private traders cannot do, for they must gain; they will consequently retire from the competition, and we shall thus get clear of this pest without giving offence or umbrage to the
Indians. In this way our settlements will gradually circumscribe and approach the Indians, and they will in time either incorporate with us as citizens of the United States, or remove beyond the Mississippi. The former is certainly the termination of their history most happy for themselves; but, in the whole course of this, it is essential to cultivate their love. As to their fear, we presume that our strength and their weakness is now so visible that they must see we have only to shut our hand to crush them, and that all our liberalities to them proceed from motives of pure humanity only. Should any tribe be foolhardy enough to take up the hatchet at any time, the seizing the whole country of that tribe, and driving them across the Mississippi, as the only condition of peace, would be an example to others, and a furtherance of our final consolidation.
2783:
always speak with a straight, and not with a forked tongue; that I have always told you the truth ... Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to each other to live in harmony and peace. Your game is destroyed, and many of your people will not work and till the earth. Beyond the great River
Mississippi, where a part of your nation has gone, your Father has provided a country large enough for all of you, and he advises you to remove to it. There your white brothers will not trouble you; they will have no claim to the land, and you can live upon it you and all your children, as long as the grass grows or the water runs, in peace and plenty. It will be yours forever. For the improvements in the country where you now live, and for all the stock which you cannot take with you, your Father will pay you a fair price ...
14749:
862:
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for Lands to be made but between the Great
Council of the Indians at Onondaga and the General Congress. The Boundaries and Lands of all the other Indians shall also be ascertained and secured to them in the same manner; and Persons appointed to reside among them in proper Districts, who shall take care to prevent Injustice in the Trade with them, and be enabled at our general Expense by occasional small Supplies, to relieve their personal Wants and Distresses. And all Purchases from them shall be by the Congress for the General Advantage and Benefit of the United Colonies.
2307:
must prove nugatory. To enable, by competent rewards, the employment of qualified and trusty persons to reside among them, as agents, would also contribute to the preservation of peace and good neighbourhood. If, in addition to these expedients, an eligible plan could be devised for promoting civilization among the friendly tribes, and for carrying on trade with them, upon a scale equal to their wants, and under regulations calculated to protect them from imposition and extortion, its influence in cementing their interests with our's could not but be considerable.
2774:
had to intervene. The detachments began moving west in
September 1836, facing harsh conditions. Despite their preparations, the detachments faced bad roads, worse weather, and a lack of drinkable water. When all five detachments reached their destination, they recorded their death toll. The first detachment, with 2,318 Creeks, had 78 deaths; the second had 3,095 Creeks, with 37 deaths. The third had 2,818 Creeks, and 12 deaths; the fourth, 2,330 Creeks and 36 deaths. The fifth detachment, with 2,087 Creeks, had 25 deaths. In 1837 outside of
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removal treaties with (often) minority groups who became convinced that removal was the best option for their people. These treaties were often not acknowledged by most of a nation's people. When
Congress ratified the removal treaty, the federal government could use military force to remove Native nations if they had not moved (or had begun moving) by the date stipulated in the treaty.
2769:
departure but could do little to challenge it. The 16,000 Creeks were organized into five detachments who were to be sent to Fort Gibson. The Creek leaders did their best to negotiate better conditions, and succeeded in obtaining wagons and medicine. To prepare for the relocation, Creeks began to deconstruct their spiritual lives; they burned piles of
2596:βlived east of the Mississippi. The Indian Removal Act implemented federal-government policy towards its Indian populations, moving Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to lands west of the river. Although the act did not authorize the forced removal of indigenous tribes, it enabled the president to negotiate land-exchange treaties.
2569:), where they could exist without state interference. At Jackson's request, Congress began a debate on an Indian-removal bill. After fierce disagreement, the Senate passed the bill by a 28β19 vote; the House had narrowly passed it, 102β97. Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law on May 30, 1830.
3181:
Andrew
Jackson's Indian policy stirred a lot of public controversy before his enactment, but virtually none among historians and biographers of the 19th and early 20th century. However, his recent reputation has been negatively affected by his treatment of the Indians. Historians who admire Jackson's
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The Five
Civilized Tribes were resettled in the new Indian Territory. The Cherokee occupied the northeast corner of the territory and a 70-mile-wide (110 km) strip of land in Kansas on its border with the territory. Some indigenous nations resisted the forced migration more strongly. The few who
2400:
With our Indian neighbors the public peace has been steadily maintained ... And, generally, from a conviction that we consider them as part of ourselves, and cherish with sincerity their rights and interests, the attachment of the Indian tribes is gaining strength daily... and will amply requite
2346:
In this way our settlements will gradually circumbscribe & approach the
Indians, & they will in time either incorporate with us as citizens of the US. or remove beyond the Missisipi. The former is certainly the termination of their history most happy for themselves. But in the whole course of
2330:
defended Native
American culture and marvelled at how the tribes of Virginia "never submitted themselves to any laws, any coercive power, any shadow of government" due to their "moral sense of right and wrong". He wrote to the Marquis de Chastellux later that year, "I believe the Indian then to be in
2699:
defied the
Supreme Court ruling, and the desire of settlers and land speculators for Indian lands continued unabated; some whites claimed that Indians threatened peace and security. The Georgia legislature passed a law forbidding settlers from living on Indian territory after March 31, 1831, without
2636:
In the whole scene there was an air of ruin and destruction, something which betrayed a final and irrevocable adieu; one couldn't watch without feeling one's heart wrung. The Indians were tranquil but sombre and taciturn. There was one who could speak English and of whom I asked why the Chactas were
2390:
Go on then, brother, in the great reformation you have undertaken ... In all your enterprises for the good of your people, you may count with confidence on the aid and protection of the United States, and on the sincerity and zeal with which I am myself animated in the furthering of this humane
2262:
Article XI. A perpetual alliance offensive and defensive is to be entered into as soon as may be with the Six Nations; their Limits to be ascertained and secured to them; their Land not to be encroached on, nor any private or Colony Purchases made of them hereafter to be held good, nor any Contract
2798:
Unlike other tribes, who exchanged lands, the Chickasaw were to receive financial compensation of $ 3 million from the United States for their lands east of the Mississippi River. They reached an agreement to purchase of land from the previously-removed Choctaw in 1836 after a bitter five-year
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over their ancestors' graves to honor their memories, and polished the sacred plates which would travel at the front of each group. They also prepared financially, selling what they could not bring. Many were swindled by local merchants out of valuable possessions (including land), and the military
2514:
Native American nations had differing views about removal. Although most wanted to remain on their native lands and do anything possible to ensure that, others believed that removal to a nonwhite area was their only option to maintain their autonomy and culture. The U.S. used this division to forge
2510:
Native groups reshaped their governments, made constitutions and legal codes, and sent delegates to Washington to negotiate policies and treaties to uphold their autonomy and ensure federally-promised protection from the encroachment of states. They thought that acclimating, as the U.S. wanted them
2405:
As some of Jefferson's other writings illustrate, however, he was ambivalent about Indian assimilation and used the words "exterminate" and "extirpate" about tribes who resisted American expansion and were willing to fight for their lands. Jefferson intended to change Indian lifestyles from hunting
2401:
us for the justice and friendship practiced towards them ... ne of the two great divisions of the Cherokee nation have now under consideration to solicit the citizenship of the United States, and to be identified with us in-laws and government, in such progressive manner as we shall think best.
2366:
developed a far-reaching Indian policy with two primary goals. He wanted to assure that the Native nations (not foreign nations) were tightly bound to the new United States, as he considered the security of the nation to be paramount. He also wanted to "civilize" them into adopting an agricultural,
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When they withdraw themselves to the culture of a small piece of land, they will perceive how useless to them are their extensive forests, and will be willing to pare them off from time to time in exchange for necessaries for their farms and families. To promote this disposition to exchange lands,
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such a dereliction of all faith and virtues, such a denial of justiceβ¦in the dealing of a nation with its own allies and wards since the earth was madeβ¦a general expression of despondency, of disbelief, that any goodwill accrues from a remonstrance on an act of fraud and robbery, appeared in those
2491:
wrote the widely-published letter "A Protest Against the Removal of the Cherokee Indians from the State of Georgia" in 1838, shortly before the Cherokee removal. Emerson criticizes the government and its removal policy, saying that the removal treaty was illegitimate; it was a "sham treaty", which
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I cannot dismiss the subject of Indian affairs without again recommending to your consideration the expediency of more adequate provision for giving energy to the laws throughout our interior frontier, and for restraining the commission of outrages upon the Indians; without which all pacific plans
2280:
of 1787 (a precedent for U.S. territorial expansion would occur for years to come), calling for the protection of Native American "property, rights, and liberty"; the U.S. Constitution of 1787 (Article I, Section 8) made Congress responsible for regulating commerce with the Indian tribes. In 1790,
2782:
Friends and Brothers β By permission of the Great Spirit above, and the voice of the people, I have been made President of the United States, and now speak to you as your Father and friend, and request you to listen. Your warriors have known me long. You know I love my white and red children, and
2395:
When a delegation from the Cherokee Nation's Upper Towns lobbied Jefferson for the full and equal citizenship promised to Indians living in American territory by George Washington, his response indicated that he was willing to grant citizenship to those Indian nations who sought it. In his eighth
2768:
ended government attempts to convince the Creek population to leave voluntarily, Creeks who had not participated in the war were not forced west (as others were). The Creek population was placed into camps and told that they would be relocated soon. Many Creek leaders were surprised by the quick
2469:
assumed the CalhounβMonroe policy, and was determined to remove the Indians by non-forceful means; Georgia refused to consent to Adams' request, forcing the president to forge a treaty with the Cherokees granting Georgia the Cherokee lands. On July 26, 1827, the Cherokee Nation adopted a written
2612:
and became the first Native American tribe to be removed. The agreement was one of the largest transfers of land between the U.S. government and Native Americans which was not the result of war. The Choctaw signed away their remaining traditional homelands, opening them up for EuropeanβAmerican
2732:. Osceola died in prison of illness; the war resulted in over 1,500 U.S. deaths, and cost the government $ 20 million. Some Seminole traveled deeper into the Everglades, and others moved west. The removal continued, and a number of wars broke out over land.In 1823, the Seminole signed the
5500:
The court has bestowed its best attention on this question, and, after mature deliberation, the majority is of the opinion that an Indian tribe or nation within the United States is not a foreign state in the sense of the constitution, and cannot maintain an action in the courts of the United
2437:. The idea of land exchange, that Native Americans would give up their land east of the Mississippi in exchange for a similar amount of territory west of the river, was first proposed by Jefferson in 1803 and first incorporated into treaties in 1817 (years after the Jefferson presidency). The
2564:
When Andrew Jackson became president of the United States in 1829, his government took a hard line on Indian removal; Jackson abandoned his predecessors' policy of treating Indian tribes as separate nations, aggressively pursuing all Indians east of the Mississippi who claimed constitutional
2470:
constitution (modeled on that of the United States) which declared that they were an independent nation with jurisdiction over their own lands. Georgia contended that it would not countenance a sovereign state within its own territory, and asserted its authority over Cherokee territory. When
2406:
and gathering to farming, largely through "the decrease of game rendering their subsistence by hunting insufficient". He expected the change to agriculture to make them dependent on white Americans for goods, and more likely to surrender their land or allow themselves to be moved west of the
2301:
which called the pre-Constitutional Indian land-sale difficulties "evils", said that the case was now altered and pledged to uphold Native American "just rights". In March and April 1792, Washington met with 50 tribal chiefs in Philadelphiaβincluding the Iroquoisβto discuss strengthening the
2347:
this, it is essential to cultivate their love. As to their fear, we presume that our strength & their weakness is now so visible that they must see we have only to shut our hand to crush them, & that all our liberalities to them proceed from motives of pure humanity only.
2501:
Emerson concludes his letter by saying that it should not be a political issue, urging President Martin Van Buren to prevent the enforcement of Cherokee removal. Other individual settlers and settler social organizations throughout the United States also opposed removal.
10747:
2465:; the Indians east of the Mississippi would voluntarily exchange their lands for lands west of the river. The Senate accepted Monroe's request, and asked Calhoun to draft a bill which was killed in the House of Representatives by the Georgia delegation. President
2311:
In his seventh annual message to Congress in 1795, Washington intimated that if the U.S. government wanted peace with the Indians it must behave peacefully; if the U.S. wanted raids by Indians to stop, raids by American "frontier inhabitants" must also stop.
2427:
Our system is to live in perpetual peace with the Indians, to cultivate an affectionate attachment from them, by everything just and liberal which we can do for them within ... reason, and by giving them effectual protection against wrongs from our own
2418:
Should any tribe be foolhardy enough to take up the hatchet at any time, the seizing the whole country of that tribe, and driving them across the Mississippi, as the only condition of peace, would be an example to others, and a furtherance of our final
2927:
transferred all their land in New York (except for one small reservation) in exchange for 200,000 acres (810 km) of land in Indian Territory. The federal government would be responsible for the removal of the Senecas who opted to go west, and the
2382:". He made sustained efforts to win the friendship and cooperation of many Native American tribes as president, repeatedly articulating his desire for a united nation of whites and Indians as in his November 3, 1802, letter to Seneca spiritual leader
2432:
According to the treaty of February 27, 1819, the U.S. government would offer citizenship and 640 acres (260 ha) of land per family to Cherokees who lived east of the Mississippi. Native American land was sometimes purchased, by treaty or under
4343:
2660:
tribal members (not the tribal leadership) on December 29, 1835. Most of the Cherokee later blamed the faction and the treaty for the tribe's forced relocation in 1838. An estimated 4,000 Cherokee died in the march, which is known as the
10838:
2335:, was for Native Americans to intermix with European Americans and become one people. To achieve that end as president, Jefferson offered U.S. citizenship to some Indian nations and proposed offering them credit to facilitate trade.
3222:
describes the view of Jacksonian "infantilization" and "genocide" of the Indians, as a historical caricature, which "turns tragedy into melodrama, exaggerates parts at the expense of the whole, and sacrifices nuance for sharpness".
2686:(1831), but declined to rule on its merits; the court declaring that the Native American tribes were not sovereign nations, and could not "maintain an action" in U.S. courts. In an opinion written by Chief Justice Marshall in
3428:
When you move a people from one place to another, when you displace people, when you wrench people from their homelands... wasn't that genocide? We don't make the case that there was genocide. We know there was. Yet here we
2486:
Although Indian removal was a popular policy, it was also opposed on legal and moral grounds; it also ran counter to the formal, customary diplomatic interaction between the federal government and the Native nations.
2940:. The case was not resolved until 1898, when the United States awarded $ 1,998,714.46 (~$ 62.5 million in 2023) in compensation to "the New York Indians". The U.S. signed treaties with the Senecas and the
5184:. Fort Benning, GA and Tallahassee, FL: U.S. Army Infantry Center, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Management Division, and National Park Service, Southeast Archaeological Center. pp. 95β104.
2799:
debate, paying the Chocktaw $ 530,000 for the westernmost Choctaw land. Most of the Chickasaw moved in 1837 and 1838. The $ 3 million owed to the Chickasaw by the U.S. went unpaid for nearly 30 years.
5243:
Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document
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2637:
leaving their country. "To be free," he answered, could never get any other reason out of him. We ... watch the expulsion ... of one of the most celebrated and ancient American peoples.
2302:
friendship between them and the United States. Later that year, in his fourth annual message to Congress, Washington stressed the need to build peace, trust, and commerce with Native Americans:
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Even though the term "ethnic cleansing" has been applied mainly to the history of nations other than the United States, no term better fits the policy of United States "Indian Removal".
2936:, a "young chief" served as a lawyer representing four territories of the Seneca tribe, starting in 1838. The Senecas asserted that they had been defrauded, and sued for redress in the
14358:
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1797:
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devised the first plans for Indian removal. Monroe approved Calhoun's plans by late 1824 and, in a special message to the Senate on January 27, 1825, requested the creation of the
2238:, the Indigenous inhabitants of the United States are referred to as "merciless Indian Savages", reflecting a commonly held view at the time by the colonists in the United States.
2196:). Historical views of Indian removal have been reevaluated since that time. Widespread contemporary acceptance of the policy, due in part to the popular embrace of the concept of
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2760:
in 1832, ceding their remaining lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. and accepting relocation to the Indian Territory. Most Muscogee were removed to the territory during the
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3153:
Historical views of Indian removal have been reevaluated since that time. Widespread contemporary acceptance of the policy, due in part to the popular embrace of the concept of
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in 1842 and 1857, respectively. Under the treaty of 1857, the Tonawandas renounced all claim to lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for the right to buy back the
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and Indigenous tribes since the 17th century and were escalating into the early 19th century (as settlers pushed westward in accordance with the cultural belief of
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Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History
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2724:, Osceola and his band used surprise attacks to defeat the U.S. Army in a number of battles. In 1837, Osceola was duplicitously captured by order of U.S. General
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The Papers of John Marshall: Vol XII: Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, January 1831 β July 1835, with Addendum, June 1783 β January 1829
2478:, he agreed that the Indians should be forced to exchange their eastern lands for western lands (including relocation) and vigorously enforced Indian removal.
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James D. St. Clair and William F. Lee. "Defense of Nonintercourse Act Claims: The Requirement of Tribal Existence." Maine Law Review 31. no. 1 (1979): 91+
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from the Ogden Land Company. Over a century later, the Senecas purchased a 9-acre (3.6 ha) plot (part of their original reservation) in downtown
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Thornton, Russell (1991). "The Demography of the Trail of Tears Period: A New Estimate of Cherokee Population Losses". In William L. Anderson (ed.).
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Thornton, Russell (1991). "The Demography of the Trail of Tears Period: A New Estimate of Cherokee Population Losses". In William L. Anderson (ed.).
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would acquire their New York lands. The lands were sold by government officials, however, and the proceeds were deposited in the U.S. Treasury.
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sovereignty and independence from state laws. They were to be removed to reservations in Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi (present-day
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While the Indian Removal Act made the move of the tribes voluntary, it was often abused by government officials. The best-known example is the
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American leaders in the Revolutionary and early US eras debated about whether Native Americans should be treated as individuals or as nations.
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defended Jackson's Indian policy and wrote that Jackson's removal of the Five Civilized Tribes from the hostile political environment of the
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Satz, Ronald (1986). "The Mississippi Choctaw: From the Removal Treaty to the Federal Agency". In Samuel J. Wells and Roseanna Tubby (ed.).
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led a band of Sauk and Fox back to their lands in Illinois; the U.S. Army and Illinois militia defeated Black Hawk and his warriors in the
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The North American Indian. Volume 19 β The Indians of Oklahoma. The Wichita. The southern Cheyenne. The Oto. The Comanche. The Peyote cult
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were smaller and more fragmented than the Five Civilized Tribes, so the treaty and emigration process was more piecemeal. Following the
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Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection [4 volumes]: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection
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Sharon O'Brien, "Tribes and Indians: With whom does the United States maintain a relationship." Notre Dame L. Rev. 66 (1990): 1461+
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4711:"Excerpt from President Jefferson's Private Letter to William Henry Harrison, Governor of the Indiana Territory February 27, 1803"
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witnessed an exhausted group of Choctaw men, women and children emerging from the forest during an exceptionally cold winter near
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5598:"America's Indian Removal Policies: Tales & Trails of Betrayal Indian Policy During Andrew Jackson's Presidency (1829β1837)"
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There is no doubt that Jefferson wanted to get Indians into debt so that he could lop off their holdings through land cessions.
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Meares, Cecil. βWestern Lore: When the steamboat Monmouth sank in the Mississippi, Creek Indian passengers paid the price.β
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called for a "perpetual Alliance" with the Indians in the nation about to be born, particularly with the six nations of the
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7459:(PhD dissertation), College Park, MD: University of Maryland. See, for instance, the bibliography on pp. 571β615.
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1961:
1941:
1738:
1733:
677:
258:
238:
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7602:
7487:"The rhetoric of removal and the trail of tears: Cherokee speaking against Jackson's Indian removal policy, 1828β1832"
7455:
US Governmental and Native Voices in the Nineteenth Century: Rhetoric in the Removal and Allotment of American Indians
6479:
2285:(renewed and amended in 1793, 1796, 1799, 1802, and 1834) to protect and codify the land rights of recognized tribes.
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stayed behind eventually formed tribal groups, including the Eastern Band of Cherokee (based in North Carolina), the
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7256:"LIES, DAMN LIES, AND FEDERAL INDIAN LAW: THE ETHICS OF CITING RACIST PRECEDENT IN CONTEMPORARY FEDERAL INDIAN LAW"
3315:"LIES, DAMN LIES, AND FEDERAL INDIAN LAW: THE ETHICS OF CITING RACIST PRECEDENT IN CONTEMPORARY FEDERAL INDIAN LAW"
2873:. Communities remaining in present-day Ohio were forced to move to Louisiana, which was then controlled by Spain.
2511:
to, would stem removal policy and create a better relationship with the federal government and surrounding states.
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1906:
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during the 1970s, primarily on this issue; Zinn called him an "exterminator of Indians". According to historians
3157:, has given way to a more somber perspective. Historians have often described the removal of Native Americans as
2200:, has given way to a more somber perspective. Historians have often described the removal of American Indians as
1995:
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on May 28, 1830. Although Jackson took a hard line on Indian removal, the law was primarily enforced during the
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Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
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6633:. DeKalb, IL: Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, Northern Illinois University. p. 2D. Archived from
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Indigeneity and the Sacred: Indigenous Revival and the Conservation of Sacred Natural Sites in the Americas
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Paul Finkelman; William W. Freehling; Tim Alan Garrison (2008). Paul Finkelman; Donald R. Kennon (eds.).
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Landscapes of Origin in the Americas: Creation Narratives Linking Ancient Places and Present Communities
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work. You are our brethren of the same land; we wish your prosperity as brethren should do. Farewell.
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From Revivals to Removal: Jeremiah Evarts, the Cherokee Nation, and the Search for the Soul of America
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In that letter, Jefferson spoke about protecting the Indians from injustices perpetrated by settlers:
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Rivers of Sand : Creek Indian emigration, relocation, and ethnic cleansing in the American South
5149:
Chippewa Treaty Rights: The Reserved Rights of Wisconsin's Chippewa Indians in Historical Perspective
3832:
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2866:
1300:
992:
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The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607β1890: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Indian removal, a popular policy among incoming settlers, was a consequence of actions first by the
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Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, and Manifest Destiny
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annual message to Congress on November 8, 1808, he presented a vision of white and Indian unity:
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Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)
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Congress and the Emergence of Sectionalism: From the Missouri Compromise to the Age of Jackson
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Like Beads on a String: A Culture History of the Seminole Indians in North Peninsular Florida
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5745:. Removal of the Creek Indians from the Southeast: University of Nebraska. pp. 200β233.
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over 300 Creeks being forcibly removed to Western prairies drowned in the Mississippi River.
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3798:"Journals of the Continental Congress β Franklin's Articles of Confederation; July 21, 1775"
3730:"Indian Removal Act: The Genocide of Native Americans β UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog"
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2374:
Jefferson initially promoted an American policy which encouraged Native Americans to become
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7694:
6929:"The Demography of the Trail of Tears Period: A New Estimate of Cherokee Population Losses"
6894:
Walter, Williams (1979). "Three Efforts at Development among the Choctaws of Mississippi".
6602:""We Dance in Opposite Directions": Mesquakie (Fox) Separatism from the Sac and Fox Tribe*"
6167:"Collaborative Archaeology as a Tool For Preserving Sacred Sites in the Cherokee Heartland"
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2371:, lifestyle. These goals would be achieved through treaties and the development of trade.
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Unworthy republic: the dispossession of Native Americans and the road to Indian territory
4679:"President Thomas Jefferson to William Henry Harrison, Governor of the Indiana Territory"
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2158:) were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands, with thousands dying during the
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4787:
William G. McLoughlin (Spring 1981). "Experiment in Cherokee Citizenship, 1817β1829".
2896:(Fox) signed treaties and relocated to the Indian Territory. In 1832, the Sauk leader
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Vol. II, pp. 195β199, as edited from original records in the Library of Congress by
3640:
2720:. Osceola was a Seminole leader of the people's fight against removal. Based in the
2134:
administration. After the enactment of the Act, approximately 60,000 members of the
2123:, the key law which authorized the removal of Native tribes, was signed into law by
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4722:(Modern English Collection, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library)
4306:"Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to William Henry Harrison, 27 February 1 β¦"
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92:
4425:. Vol. I, Early America (1580β1815). Cambridge University Press. p. 56.
4249:
Between Church and State: Religion and Public Education in a Multicultural America
2752:, the Muscogee were confined to a small strip of land in present-day east central
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Keeping the Circle: American Indian Identity in Eastern North Carolina, 1885-2004
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a license from the state; this excluded missionaries who opposed Indian removal.
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7546:"Indian removal and land allotment: The civilized tribes and Jacksonian justice"
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7295:
Prucha, Francis Paul (1969). "Andrew Jackson's Indian Policy: A Reassessment".
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10549:
10333:
9974:
9838:
9830:
9798:
9364:
8959:
7867:
7742:
7521:
7388:
6861:
Several thousand more emigrated West from 1844 to 1849; Foreman, pp. 103β104.
6526:
3199:
2830:
2677:
2383:
2298:
2178:
1612:
1496:
1328:
1308:
1296:
1271:
1214:
1082:
1012:
902:
882:
757:
13869:
5372:
Legislating Indian Country: Significant Milestones in Transforming Tribalism
5199:
3668:
2331:
body and mind equal to the whiteman". Jefferson's desire, as interpreted by
1366:
13973:
13915:
13394:
12066:
12002:
11543:
10363:
9950:
9484:
9394:
8200:
7887:
5713:
4419:
Katherine A. Hermes (2008). Michael Grossberg; Christopher Tomlins (eds.).
3273:
3233:
Act for the Protection of the People of Indian Territory (Curtis Act), 1898
3219:
2909:
2725:
2632:, on their way to the Mississippi to be loaded onto a steamboat. He wrote,
2585:
2450:
2379:
2167:
European colonists and then later on by the American settlers in the nation
1638:
1476:
1414:
887:
672:
140:
10559:
8497:
7429:
4190:
The Indians in American Society: From the Revolutionary War to the Present
2812:, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and the Creeks in Alabama (including the
369:
14107:
13998:
13839:
13827:
13773:
13763:
13728:
13713:
13688:
13610:
13491:
13341:
11958:
11886:
11802:
11622:
11347:
10458:
9862:
9574:
9567:
9179:
8306:
7897:
6392:
6222:
6085:
Who Belongs?: Race, Resources, and Tribal Citizenship in the Native South
4368:
New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America
4154:
The White Man's Burden: Historical Origins of Racism in the United States
3582:
The Challenge of Eurocentrism: Global Perspectives, Policy, and Prospects
3203:
3198:
probably saved them. Jackson was sharply attacked by political scientist
3158:
2889:
2729:
2201:
1501:
1336:
1324:
1264:
1254:
1219:
1204:
1179:
977:
502:
276:
84:
7437:
6740:
In the Shadow of Kinzua: The Seneca Nation of Indians since World War II
6505:
John P. Bowes (2014). "American Indian Removal beyond the Removal Act".
14882:
14271:
13968:
13958:
13945:
13903:
13873:
13822:
13698:
12045:
11953:
11859:
11792:
11565:
10913:
10596:
9870:
9449:
9410:
8991:
8887:
8466:
7862:
7571:
7545:
7526:
The Trail of Tears: The Story of the American Indian Removals 1813β1855
7411:
7316:
7139:
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians
7024:
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians
4915:
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians
4808:
3487:
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians
3214:, however, Jackson's policies do not meet the criteria for physical or
2721:
2692:(1832), individual states had no authority in American Indian affairs.
2550:
1471:
1461:
1446:
1402:
1370:
1319:
1189:
426:
345:
14741:
11881:
9187:
6871:
Baird, David (1973). "The Choctaws Meet the Americans, 1783 to 1843".
6823:
Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians
3913:. Vol. 146. St. Paul: West Publishing Company. 1909. p. 191.
14892:
14656:
14195:
14102:
13988:
13978:
13898:
13889:
13768:
11711:
11330:
11180:
10564:
10534:
10475:
9428:
9417:
8895:
8554:
7462:
4067:
3293:
3237:
3191:
2577:
2147:
1663:
1491:
1481:
1397:
1386:
1259:
687:
41:
7563:
7308:
6826:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 47, note 10 (1830 census).
6058:
Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian: The Crime That Should Haunt America
5801:
4800:
4622:
4391:
3953:
3871:
3378:
Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian: The Crime That Should Haunt America
14810:
14097:
14003:
13893:
13885:
13861:
13856:
13615:
12087:
12025:
11797:
11716:
10524:
10195:
Defense for Children International β Palestine et al v. Biden et al
9491:
9470:
9442:
9387:
8252:
6481:
A Continent Lost, a Civilization Won: Indian Land Tenure in America
6454:
Native American Estate: The Struggle Over Indian and Hawaiian Lands
3362:
3268:
3195:
3166:
2893:
2709:
2657:
2589:
2566:
2546:
2255:
2209:
2143:
2135:
2116:
2112:
1506:
1390:
1382:
1358:
1353:
1092:
651:
96:
14288:
List of U.S. communities with Native American majority populations
14216:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
7453:
5485:
A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880β1920
1689:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
14549:
13670:
13600:
10497:
10384:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
7647:
6851:. Jackson and London: University Press of Mississippi. p. 7.
6710:
Littlefield, Daniel F. Jr.; Parins, James W. (January 19, 2011).
3017:
2999:
19,554 + White citizens of the Choctaw Nation + 500 Black slaves
2924:
2877:
2854:
2770:
2753:
2713:
2605:
2581:
2554:
2246:
In a draft "Proposed Articles of Confederation" presented to the
2151:
1117:
1112:
1087:
299:
194:
10249:
7627:
Critical Resources: Text of the Removal Act and other documents.
7119:
Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors, Issue 73
6880:
3672:
Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection
2728:
when Osceola came under a flag of truce to negotiate peace near
10675:
Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
9558:
7122:. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. p. 443.
7080:
4708:
3804:. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Lillian Goldman Law Library.
2846:
2492:
the U.S. government should not uphold. He describes removal as
2434:
13563:
Native American rights movement/Red Power movement (1968-1977)
3848:
Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution
3186:, would gloss over the Indian Removal in a footnote. In 1969,
2869:
of Wisconsin and Michigan in late 1838, and were resettled in
9123:
8781:
5145:
4045:. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia. Archived from
2881:
1688:
763:
289:
13440:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
5864:"Chickasaw The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture"
5659:
5312:
River of Dreams: Imagining the Mississippi Before Mark Twain
5228:
Benning History/Fort Benning the Land and the People.pdf PDF
4995:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 136β137.
4776:. Vol. 2. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 124.
4281:. The Pennsylvania State University Libraries. p. 370.
4222:
American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly
3448:
2188:, but it addressed conflicts which had occurred between the
928:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
10811:
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
8221:
6713:
Encyclopedia of American Indian Removal [2 volumes]
6284:
5175:
4507:"Eighth Annual Message (November 8, 1808) Thomas Jefferson"
3802:
The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy
2905:
2838:
2481:
15189:
Forced migrations of Native Americans in the United States
7360:
The Tainted Gift: The Disease Method of Frontier Expansion
6796:
Living Waters: Reading the Rivers of the Lower Great Lakes
6288:
Old Hickory's War: Andrew Jackson and the Quest for Empire
6223:
Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr.; James W. Parins, eds. (2011).
5095:(3rd ed.). Boston: Bedford/St.Martin's. p. 150.
4566:
American Indians and the Rhetoric of Removal and Allotment
2788:
President Andrew Jackson addressing the Creek Nation, 1829
10060:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
7189:
6757:
5573:
Andrew Jackson: The Course of American Freedom, 1822β1832
5045:(3rd ed.). Boston: Bedford/St.Martin's. p. 12.
4742:
4478:
4448:"From Thomas Jefferson to Handsome Lake, 3 November 1802"
2912:
were split, with many of the tribe resettled west of the
2474:
became president as the candidate of the newly-organized
14166:
Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States
7467:
Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
7395:(First ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
7063:
Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
6686:
Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy)
6027:
6004:
The Red River Bridge War: A Texas-Oklahoma Border Battle
5714:
Spencer Tucker; James R. Arnold; Roberta Wiener (2011).
3526:
Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
3398:
2621:, a chief called its trek a "trail of tears and death".
6659:
Wisconsin Indian Literature: Anthology of Native Voices
5171:
5169:
4970:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 135.
4121:
Jefferson's Empire: The Language of American Nationhood
4039:"Seventh Annual Message to Congress (December 8, 1795)"
7381:
7193:
The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians
7166:
The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians
7066:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 390β392.
6995:. National Archives and Records Administration. 2005.
6251:
6216:
6158:
6137:
5834:
5686:
5607:. University of North Carolina. May 2012. p. 15.
4769:
4009:"Fourth Annual Message to Congress (November 6, 1792)"
3584:. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 180, 184, 189, 199.
3529:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 390β392.
2736:, which reduced their 34 million to 4 millions acres.
2505:
1123:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
10171:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
8710:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
7333:
A People's History of the United States: 1492βPresent
7086:
6683:
Johansen, Bruce Elliott; Mann, Barbara Alice (2000).
6365:
6311:
6054:
5542:
5340:
5276:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p.
4786:
4670:
4395:
Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson
4385:
4015:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia.
3669:
Bartrop Paul R. & Jacobs, Steven Leonard (2014).
3454:
3374:
2904:, and the Sauk and Fox were relocated to present-day
2764:
in 1834, although some remained behind. Although the
10374:
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
10139:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
7294:
7014:
6736:
6393:
Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr.; James W. Parins (2011).
5973:
5576:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 276β277.
5267:
5226:
The work is also available from the U.S. Army, as a
5166:
5093:
The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents
5043:
The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents
4618:
4616:
4412:
3947:
3642:
The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln
2338:
On 27 February 1803, Jefferson wrote in a letter to
10799:
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)
7135:
6875:. United States: Indian Tribal Series. p. 36.
6278:
5838:
The Old Southwest, 1795-1830: Frontiers in Conflict
5454:
4911:
4649:
4418:
4218:
4185:
3598:
143:desire to acquire Native American land east of the
14903:List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Jackson
7356:
6568:
6359:
6253:
6164:
6110:
5803:
5780:BR researcher explores Monmouth steamboat disaster
5546:Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition
5481:
5369:
5309:
5269:
4562:
4187:
4151:
4149:
4118:
3795:
2669:urged the Cherokee Nation to take its case to the
2624:In 1831, French historian and political scientist
2534:Presidency of Andrew Jackson Β§ Indian removal
2497:men to whom we naturally turn for aid and counsel.
10827:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)
7183:
7131:
7129:
6709:
6655:
5653:
5512:
5307:
5139:
4736:
4613:
4499:
4364:
4031:
3844:
3764:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
3477:
15160:
14707:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
14516:List of Indian reservations in the United States
14181:Native American recognition in the United States
11025:
10028:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
9774:
6964:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
6926:
6792:
6599:
6566:
6539:
6338:
6081:
5892:
5795:
5707:
5569:
5427:
5220:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4535:
4485:. Princeton University Press. pp. xv, 132.
4454:. National Archives and Records Administration.
4445:
4068:Wayne Moquin; Charles Lincoln Van Doren (1973).
4001:
3980:
3702:Howard Zinn Speaks: Collected Speeches 1963β2009
3611:. Ohio University Press. pp. 15, 141, 254.
3091:16,542 + 201 married White + 1,592 Black slaves
2656:, which was signed by a small faction of twenty
2038:List of Indian reservations in the United States
27:Early 19th-century United States domestic policy
10733:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
10404:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
8968:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
7196:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 100β101.
6920:
6898:. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
6450:
6419:
6305:
6193:
6187:
6048:
5802:Jesse Clifton Burt; Robert B. Ferguson (1973).
5663:Great Debates in American Environmental History
5367:
5202:. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007
4887:. In Steven Chermak; Frankie Y. Bailey (eds.).
4623:Paul R. Bartrop; Steven Leonard Jacobs (2014).
4392:Robert W. Tucker; David C. Hendrickson (1992).
4245:
4225:. University of California Press. p. 136.
4061:
3954:Sharon Malinowski; George H. J. Abrams (1995).
3872:Michael Grossberg; Christopher Tomlins (2008).
3838:
3821:Journals of the Continental Congress 1774β1779,
14241:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
10424:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
7126:
7053:
6457:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 36β37.
6169:. In Fausto Sarmiento; Sarah Hitchner (eds.).
6108:
6007:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 13.
6000:
5950:Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia
5632:
5400:
5239:
4780:
4589:
4542:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 92β93.
4472:
4252:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 89.
3575:
3176:
2542:Representatives of the Five Civilized Tribes:
2223:
1714:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
14565:
13666:Native American identity in the United States
13357:
11296:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
11011:
10235:
9261:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
8237:
8191:Native American genocide in the United States
7663:
7027:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 241 note 58.
6819:
6763:
6730:
6649:
6504:
6477:
6198:. In Samuel J. Wells; Roseanna Tubby (eds.).
6061:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 161.
5946:
5899:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 217.
5870:. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from
5861:
5841:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 250.
5538:
5536:
5407:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 119β.
5117:"Indian Treaties and the Removal Act of 1830"
4945:. University Presses of Florida. p. 72.
4942:History of the Second Seminole War, 1835β1842
4938:
4874:
4872:
4828:. University Presses of Florida. p. 57.
4825:History of the Second Seminole War, 1835β1842
4821:
4596:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 193.
4513:. University of Virginia. December 28, 2016.
4398:. Oxford University Press. pp. 305β306.
4181:
4179:
4116:
3974:
3892:
3638:
3490:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 241 note 58.
2060:
2033:List of federally recognized tribes by state
825:
14511:State-recognized tribes in the United States
14293:Modern social statistics of Native Americans
12220:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
10409:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
10399:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
7162:
6864:
6813:
6786:
6682:
6628:
6560:
6386:
6332:
6245:
6131:
5994:
5980:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 31.
5926:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 99.
5639:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 47.
5636:American Indian Policy in the Jacksonian Era
5549:. University of Georgia Press. p. 178.
5461:. University of Georgia Press. p. 234.
5421:
5316:. Louisiana State University Press. p.
5070:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 18.
5065:
5020:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 42.
5018:American Indian Policy in the Jacksonian Era
4878:
4848:
4358:
4336:"President Jefferson and the Indian Nations"
3910:New York Supplement, New York State Reporter
15224:Andrew Jackson administration controversies
10147:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
9887:PostβWorld War II Romanian war crime trials
7329:
7210:
7101:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
6935:. University of Georgia Press. p. 85.
6896:Southeastern Indians: Since the Removal Era
6689:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 249.
6471:
6444:
6413:
6372:. Government Printing Office. p. 123.
6345:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 264.
6318:. Government Printing Office. p. 128.
6144:. University of Alabama Press. p. 14.
5940:
5693:. University of Alabama Press. p. 85.
5680:
5394:
5334:
4932:
4763:
4749:. Princeton University Press. p. 256.
4583:
3925:"Washington's Address to the Senecas, 1790"
3698:
3694:
3692:
3516:
3469:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3381:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 7.
3368:
2267:
2215:
2184:The origins of the policy date back to the
14572:
14558:
13487:Native Americans in the American Civil War
13371:
13364:
13350:
11018:
11004:
10242:
10228:
10094:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
8244:
8230:
7670:
7656:
7484:
6990:"Eastern Cherokee Census Rolls, 1835β1884"
6840:
6772:. James W. Parins. ABC-CLIO. p. 158.
6743:. Syracuse University Press. p. 192.
6593:
6498:
6202:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. ix.
6102:
6021:
5967:
5919:
5886:
5590:
5563:
5533:
5506:
5361:
5261:
4905:
4869:
4643:
4569:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 50.
4529:
4239:
4212:
4194:. University of California Press. p.
4176:
4143:
4071:Great Documents in American Indian History
3664:
3662:
3660:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3238:Forced Fee Patenting Act (Burke Act), 1906
2841:was taken from native nations in the 1795
2067:
2053:
832:
818:
15169:19th-century colonization of the Americas
14935:(Washington D.C. and New Orleans statues)
14722:Andrew Jackson 1828 presidential campaign
14494:Native American Medal of Honor recipients
13502:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
11744:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
10665:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
8717:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
7350:
7323:
7288:
6887:
6849:After Removal, The Choctaw in Mississippi
6200:After Removal: The Choctaw in Mississippi
6117:. Univ. of Tennessee Press. p. xii.
6075:
5913:
5828:
5475:
5301:
5233:
5178:"As Long as Grass Grows [Ch. 11]"
4815:
4676:
4556:
4439:
4272:
4084:
3414:. March 3, 2015. Event occurs at 12:21.
3254:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
2444:
2230:United States Declaration of Independence
2097:self-governing tribes of American Indians
2023:Native American Medal of Honor recipients
983:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
14848:1832 United States presidential election
14717:1828 United States presidential election
14702:1824 United States presidential election
14672:Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek
14612:Federal Military Commissioner of Florida
13852:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887β1924)
10655:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
7263:N.Y.U. Review of Law & Social Change
7253:
7219:"How Andrew Jackson Saved the Cherokees"
6662:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 160.
6622:
6608:. University of Iowa Press. p. 28.
6575:. University of Oklahoma Press. p.
6113:The Eastern Band of Cherokees, 1819β1900
5855:
5626:
5146:Ronald N. Satz; Laura Apfelbeck (1996).
4842:
4717:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from
4709:Texts by or to Thomas Jefferson (2005).
4653:Documents of United States Indian Policy
4275:"Letter to Governor William H. Harrison"
4125:. University of Virginia Press. p.
4110:
3901:
3789:
3766:. Oxford University Press. p. 256.
3761:
3689:
3569:
3322:N.y.u. Review of Law & Social Change
3312:
3284:Land Buy-Back Program for Tribal Nations
3182:strong presidential leadership, such as
2859:removed from Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio
2845:. Tribes such as the already-displaced
2756:. The Creek national council signed the
2537:
2482:Opposition to removal from U.S. citizens
2281:the new U.S. Congress passed the Indian
1349:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887β1924)
11899:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
10775:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
8589:Indigenous peoples in the United States
7115:
6911:
6902:
6770:Encyclopedia of American Indian Removal
6768:. In Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr. (ed.).
6396:Encyclopedia of American Indian Removal
6260:. University of Alabama Press. p.
6229:Encyclopedia of American Indian Removal
5740:
5660:Brian Black; Donna L. Lybecker (2008).
5614:from the original on September 19, 2013
5448:
5152:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 10.
4990:
4965:
4885:Forced Removal of Indian Tribes (1831)"
4746:Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic
4702:
4482:Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic
4422:The Cambridge History of Law in America
4346:from the original on September 23, 2020
3875:The Cambridge History of Law in America
3865:
3851:. Oxford University Press. p. 39.
3657:
3625:
3551:"A Brief History of the Trail of Tears"
636:Population transfer in the Soviet Union
14:
15161:
10645:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
7163:Wallace, Anthony; Foner, Eric (1993).
7020:
6954:
6952:
6893:
6855:
6533:
6285:David Heidler; Jeanne Heidler (2003).
6088:. Oxford University Press. p. 4.
5806:Indians of the Southeast: Then and Now
5176:Kane, Sharyn; Keeton, Richard (1994).
5127:from the original on February 19, 2024
5090:
5040:
4517:from the original on February 13, 2016
4458:from the original on November 16, 2018
4285:from the original on February 13, 2019
4266:
4078:
4019:from the original on February 13, 2016
3917:
3483:
3418:from the original on December 22, 2019
3412:National Museum of the American Indian
3359:National Museum of the American Indian
3299:
3250:, Minnesota's version of the Dawes Act
3148:
2351:
2115:), which many scholars have labeled a
2099:from their ancestral homelands in the
15199:History of United States expansionism
15184:Ethnic cleansing in the United States
15174:Aboriginal title in the United States
14863:Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson
14553:
14226:National Congress of American Indians
14171:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
14134:National Congress of American Indians
14073:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
13661:Native American disease and epidemics
13435:European colonization of the Americas
13345:
12827:
12589:
12251:
11055:
10999:
10530:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
10429:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
10223:
10124:
10005:
9773:
9750:Mass killings under communist regimes
9275:
9038:
8733:
8394:
8274:
8225:
7651:
7543:
7491:Southern Speech Communication Journal
7387:
7216:
6870:
5404:The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal
5182:Fort Benning: The Land and the People
4993:The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal
4968:The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal
4852:John Quincy Adams: Yankee Nationalist
3757:
3755:
3740:from the original on October 16, 2021
3724:
3722:
3557:from the original on October 18, 2017
3259:Aboriginal title in the United States
2521:
2358:Thomas Jefferson and Native Americans
1699:National Congress of American Indians
1634:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
923:European colonization of the Americas
14766:First inauguration of Andrew Jackson
14231:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
14088:Native American people and Mormonism
13932:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
9699:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
7599:Documents of American Indian Removal
7235:from the original on October 8, 2023
7190:Anthony Wallace; Eric Foner (1993).
7142:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 233.
7059:
6846:
6571:The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire
6231:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 7.
5488:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 214.
5347:. Johns Hopkins Press. p. 598.
5015:
4918:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 189.
4770:Charles Joseph Kappler, ed. (1903).
4328:
3935:from the original on January 6, 2017
3780:
3645:. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 324
3580:. In Rajani Kannepalli Kanth (ed.).
3522:
3347:
2744:In the aftermath of the Treaties of
2288:
2241:
1704:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
1431:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
1053:Native American temperance activists
15219:United States federal Indian policy
14919:List of memorials to Andrew Jackson
14853:1832 Democratic National Convention
14499:List of federally recognized tribes
9935:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
7409:
7382:Further reading (most recent first)
7276:from the original on April 14, 2023
7041:from the original on March 16, 2023
6949:
6428:. Auburn University. Archived from
5434:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 74.
5431:The Cherokees: A Population History
4656:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 22.
4158:. Oxford University Press. p.
3504:from the original on March 16, 2023
3335:from the original on April 14, 2023
2810:Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
2739:
2506:Native American response to removal
2315:
2028:List of federally recognized tribes
375:Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
24:
15209:Legal history of the United States
14579:
14262:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14257:Black Indians in the United States
14221:Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
13497:Certificate Degree of Indian Blood
11586:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
11576:Assassination of James A. Garfield
10805:Convention on Biological Diversity
7677:
7591:
7509:from the original on July 27, 2023
7089:Cherokee Removal: Before and After
6933:Cherokee Removal: Before and After
6369:Handbook of North American Indians
6315:Handbook of North American Indians
6034:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 9.
5923:Indian Tribes of Oklahoma: A Guide
4743:William Gerald McLoughlin (1992).
4479:William Gerald McLoughlin (1992).
4446:Thomas Jefferson (June 29, 2017).
4316:from the original on July 26, 2021
4097:from the original on July 17, 2014
3818:Cited is a digital version of the
3808:from the original on March 9, 2017
3752:
3719:
3457:Cherokee Removal: Before and After
1739:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1694:Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
259:Atrocities in the Congo Free State
25:
15235:
14186:Native American women in politics
13537:Native Americans and World War II
13522:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
11618:Assassination of William McKinley
10833:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)
7608:
7578:from the original on July 3, 2021
6028:Christopher Arris Oakley (2005).
4773:Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties
3984:Chronology of the U.S. Presidency
2234:In the indictment section of the
2181:also until the mid-20th century.
1023:Native Americans and World War II
1008:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
15142:
15141:
14747:
14740:
13818:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876β1877)
13806:Antelope Hills expedition (1858)
13542:American Indian boarding schools
13325:
13316:
13315:
13280:
13279:
11837:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
11630:Nadir of American race relations
11509:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
10972:
10971:
10685:Government of the Sakha Republic
10394:Indigenous Environmental Network
10275:Free, prior and informed consent
10125:
10006:
9276:
9039:
8734:
8395:
7247:
7156:
7109:
7002:from the original on May 9, 2021
6982:
6970:from the original on May 4, 2021
6931:. In William L. Anderson (ed.).
6703:
6676:
6546:. Edward S. Curtis. p. 21.
5741:Haveman, Christopher D. (2016).
4855:. Nova Publishers. p. 104.
4279:The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
4087:"Notes on the State of Virginia"
3705:. Haymarket Books. p. 178.
2154:nations (including thousands of
1313:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876β1877)
1301:(1858)|Antelope Hills expedition
1028:American Indian boarding schools
860:
799:Bibliography of genocide studies
402:American Indian boarding schools
117:United States federal government
40:
14843:1830 State of the Union Address
14838:1829 State of the Union Address
14236:Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
11539:First transcontinental railroad
10959:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
10821:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing
10505:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
8548:Indigenous peoples in Australia
8275:
8148:Indian barrier state (proposed)
7485:Strickland, William M. (1982).
6252:Brent Richards Weisman (1989).
6173:. Berghahn Books. p. 165.
6138:Jessica Joyce Christie (2009).
5835:Thomas Dionysius Clark (1996).
5772:
5759:
5734:
5687:Patricia Riles Wickman (2006).
5666:. Greenwood Press. p. 56.
5519:. UNC Press Books. p. 60.
5109:
5084:
5059:
5034:
5009:
4984:
4959:
4298:
3578:"The Challenge of Eurocentrism"
2441:of 1830 included this concept.
2107:βspecifically, to a designated
1709:Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
988:Racism against Native Americans
963:Native American slave ownership
646:Swedification of SΓ‘mi and Finns
14806:Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
14596:President of the United States
14336:Native American Pidgin English
14141:American Indian Movement (AIM)
13517:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
13400:Archaic period in the Americas
10869:2009 Peruvian political crisis
10379:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
9464:Genocide of indigenous peoples
9063:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
8364:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
7686:Battles and military incidents
6908:Foreman, p. 111 (1832 census).
6519:10.5749/natiindistudj.1.1.0065
6422:"Poarch Band of Creek Indians"
6366:William C. Sturtevant (2008).
6342:Mississippi's American Indians
6312:William C. Sturtevant (2008).
6055:Gary Clayton Anderson (2014).
5769:, 11, no. 3, Oct. 1998, p. 10.
5543:Henry Thompson Malone (2010).
5341:George Wilson Pierson (1938).
4593:William Clark: Indian Diplomat
3960:. Gale Research. p. 356.
3543:
3375:Gary Clayton Anderson (2014).
3306:
3119:3,700β5,000 + fugitive slaves
3048:3,500 (disease after removal)
2921:Second Treaty of Buffalo Creek
2837:, most of the modern state of
2716:lands in 1835, leading to the
2610:Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
2323:Notes on the State of Virginia
2186:administration of James Monroe
1584:American Indian Movement (AIM)
1003:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
893:Archaic period in the Americas
412:Great Plains smallpox epidemic
13:
1:
14823:Banking in the Jacksonian Era
14034:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
13810:Comanche Campaign (1867β1875)
13798:TexasβIndian wars (1836β1877)
10700:Council of Indigenous Peoples
10179:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
8483:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
7615:PBS article on Indian Removal
7021:Prucha, Francis Paul (1995).
6737:Laurence M. Hauptman (2014).
6484:. Octagon Books. p. 73.
5974:Arrell Morgan Gibson (1984).
5268:Faiman-Silva, Sandra (1997).
5066:Faiman-Silva, Sandra (1997).
3484:Prucha, Francis Paul (1995).
2297:, in his 1790 address to the
1537:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
1305:Comanche Campaign (1867β1875)
1293:TexasβIndian wars (1836β1877)
587:Vietnamese conquest of Champa
392:Genocide in the United States
14983:Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson
14129:Native American civil rights
14039:Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
14024:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
14019:Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
13941:Rogue River Wars (1855β1856)
13568:Native American civil rights
12707:Hispanic and Latino American
11561:Second Industrial Revolution
11395:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
11101:Exploration of North America
11027:History of the United States
10884:Expulsion of the Chagossians
10110:CroatiaβSerbia genocide case
9911:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
9757:Anti-communist mass killings
8491:Indigenous peoples in Canada
8427:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
8251:
7452:Black, Jason Edward (2006).
7417:Journal of the Civil War Era
7136:Francis Paul Prucha (1995).
6631:"The Black Hawk War of 1832"
6225:"Alabama and Indian Removal"
5455:John A. Andrew, III (2007).
4912:Francis Paul Prucha (1995).
4883:Cherokee Nation vs, Georgia,
4650:Francis Paul Prucha (2000).
4219:Francis Paul Prucha (1997).
4186:Francis Paul Prucha (1985).
4091:Revolutionary War and Beyond
3878:. Cambridge UP. p. 56.
3796:Franklin, Benjamin (2008) .
2802:
2793:
1542:Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
1527:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
1522:Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
1442:Rogue River Wars (1855β1856)
1048:Alcohol and Native Americans
943:Slavery in the United States
631:Norwegianization of the SΓ‘mi
358:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
341:Forced sterilization in Peru
74:in the eastern United States
7:
14771:Tenure of Office Act (1820)
14482:Native American politicians
14472:Native American War Leaders
13950:Puget Sound War (1855β1856)
13936:Ghost Dance War (1890β1891)
13928:Great Sioux War (1876β1877)
13924:Red Cloud's War (1866β1868)
13908:First Sioux War (1854-1856)
13836:Chiricahua Wars (1860β1886)
13558:Native American Rights Fund
12231:Indictments of Donald Trump
11422:First Industrial Revolution
11256:Declaration of Independence
11246:Second Continental Congress
10680:Government of Bashkortostan
10545:American Indian reservation
10414:Native American Rights Fund
10044:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
9212:National Population Program
8196:Reservation checkerboarding
7544:Young, Maryland E. (1958).
7357:Barbara Alice Mann (2009).
7297:Journal of American History
7116:Swanton, John Reed (1922).
6604:. In Marvin Bergman (ed.).
6165:Benjamin A. Steere (2017).
5810:. Abingdon Press. pp.
5482:Frederick E. Hoxie (1984).
4563:Jason Edward Black (2015).
4150:Winthrop D. Jordan (1974).
3226:
3177:Andrew Jackson's reputation
3063:4,914 + 1,156 Black slaves
3003:Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830)
2954:Seneca Buffalo Creek Casino
2819:
2703:
2641:
2604:On September 27, 1830, the
2544:(clockwise from upper left)
2236:Declaration of Independence
2224:Declaration of Independence
1451:Puget Sound War (1855β1856)
1435:Ghost Dance War (1890β1891)
1427:Great Sioux War (1876β1877)
1423:Red Cloud's War (1866β1868)
1407:First Sioux War (1854-1856)
1333:Chiricahua Wars (1860β1886)
794:Outline of genocide studies
737: Canary Islands
641:Russian conquest of Siberia
540:Cultural genocide in Taiwan
521:East, South, Southeast Asia
155:Anti-Native American racism
46:Routes of southern removals
10:
15240:
14878:Ordinance of Nullification
14687:Battle of Pensacola (1814)
14161:Occupation of Wounded Knee
13878:Black Hawk War (1865β1872)
13866:Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
13848:Geronimo's War (1881β1886)
13844:Victorio's War (1879β1880)
13749:American Revolutionary War
12828:
12590:
12252:
12123:Killing of Osama bin Laden
11211:First Continental Congress
11056:
10635:Fundação Nacional do Γndio
9959:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
9903:Hamburg RavensbrΓΌck trials
9729:Effects on young survivors
9164:Sabra and Shatila massacre
8211:Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost
7792:Indian removals in Indiana
7785:Removals (chronologically)
7632:December 10, 2010, at the
7551:American Historical Review
7530:Holt, Rinehart and Winston
7336:. Routledge. p. 130.
7169:. Macmillan. p. 101.
6799:. SUNY Press. p. 58.
6656:Kathleen Tigerman (2006).
6399:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 8β9.
5513:Charles F. Hobson (2012).
5308:Thomas Ruys Smith (2007).
5272:Choctaws at the Crossroads
5068:Choctaws at the Crossroads
4677:Jefferson, Thomas (1803).
4629:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2070.
4371:. JHU Press. p. 179.
4365:Colin G. Calloway (1998).
4273:Jefferson, Thomas (1782).
4085:Jefferson, Thomas (1782).
3845:Frank Pommersheim (2009).
3827:February 12, 2017, at the
3675:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2070.
3184:Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
3031:22,700 + 900 Black slaves
2973:Population before removal
2683:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
2645:
2599:
2531:
2525:
2355:
2227:
2121:Indian Removal Act of 1830
1604:Occupation of Wounded Knee
1375:Black Hawk War (1865β1872)
1363:Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
1345:Geronimo's War (1881β1886)
1341:Victorio's War (1879β1880)
1240:American Revolutionary War
15120:
15084:
15025:
14911:
14756:
14738:
14634:
14587:
14529:
14449:
14351:
14343:Native American languages
14313:
14280:
14249:
14204:
14121:
14083:Native American religions
14065:
14047:
13832:Jicarilla War (1849β1855)
13814:Red River War (1874β1875)
13802:Comanche Wars (1836β1877)
13679:
13581:
13507:Indian Appropriations Act
13380:
13301:
13267:
13211:
13175:
13163:
12902:
12876:
12838:
12834:
12823:
12596:
12585:
12258:
12247:
12113:
12016:
11944:
11845:
11756:
11707:Wall Street Crash of 1929
11638:
11519:
11504:Emancipation Proclamation
11435:
11358:
11306:
11273:Articles of Confederation
11226:
11111:Native American epidemics
11091:
11066:
11062:
11051:
11033:
10967:
10851:
10788:
10763:
10720:
10612:
10605:
10446:
10369:Assembly of First Nations
10354:
10262:
10133:
10014:
9927:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
9895:Supreme National Tribunal
9785:
9766:
9676:
9598:
9501:
9379:
9286:
9049:
8744:
8506:Residential school system
8405:
8285:
8259:
8166:
8123:
7954:
7912:People who helped Indians
7911:
7848:
7815:Potawatomi Trail of Death
7784:
7751:
7685:
7503:10.1080/10417948209372535
6927:Russell Thornton (1992).
6793:Margaret Wooster (2009).
6716:. ABC-CLIO. p. 173.
6600:Michael D. Green (2008).
6567:R. David Edmunds (1978).
6540:Edward S. Curtis (1930).
6339:James F. Barnett (2012).
6291:. LSU Press. p. 33.
6082:Mikaela M. Adams (2016).
5893:Arrell M. Gibson (2012).
5720:. ABC-CLIO. p. 719.
5570:Robert V. Remini (2013).
5428:Russell Thornton (1992).
5247:. ABC-CLIO. p. 400.
4891:. ABC-CLIO. p. 155.
4536:Robert J. Miller (2006).
3981:Mathew Manweller (2012).
3833:Worthington Chauncey Ford
2617:. When the tribe reached
2016:congressional politicians
1778:Native American languages
1329:Jicarilla War (1849β1855)
1309:Red River War (1874β1875)
1297:Comanche Wars (1836β1877)
993:Indian Appropriations Act
134:
110:
102:
78:
67:
59:
51:
39:
34:
15214:Native American genocide
14677:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
14156:Trail of Broken Treaties
13984:Hualapai War (1865β1870)
13974:Yavapai Wars (1861β1875)
13954:Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
13916:Colorado War (1863β1865)
13193:Northern Mariana Islands
11766:Strike wave of 1945β1946
10859:ChechenβRussian conflict
10710:Bureau of Indian Affairs
8798:Christians in Diyarbekir
8201:Reservation diminishment
8179:in the Thirteen Colonies
7873:George Rockingham Gilmer
7707:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
7363:. ABC-CLIO. p. 20.
6451:Linda S. Parker (1996).
6420:Keith S. HΓ©bert (2017).
6194:Samuel J. Wells (2010).
5953:. ABC-CLIO. p. 95.
5785:August 25, 2022, at the
5368:Laurence French (2007).
5016:Satz, Ronald N. (1975).
4246:James W. Fraser (2016).
3987:. ABC-CLIO. p. 14.
3957:Notable Native Americans
3762:Stannard, David (1992).
3440:: CS1 maint: location (
3361:refers to the policy as
3173:has called it genocide.
2959:
2824:
2734:Treaty of Moultrie Creek
2268:Early congressional acts
2216:Revolutionary background
2179:United States of America
2085:United States government
1599:Trail of Broken Treaties
1487:Hualapai War (1865β1870)
1455:Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
1415:Colorado War (1863β1865)
718:West Asia / North Africa
683:Australian frontier wars
557: of Hokkaido
106:8,000+ (lowest estimate)
15097:Jackson as slave trader
15039:Andrew Jackson Donelson
14331:American Indian English
14267:Louisiana Creole people
14057:Native American studies
14009:Bannock Uprising (1895)
13964:Navajo Wars (1849β1866)
13920:Powder River War (1865)
13828:Apache Wars (1849β1924)
13646:Mesoamerican literature
13641:Indigenous Peoples' Day
13450:Partus sequitur ventrem
12728:Middle Eastern American
12545:Technology and industry
11415:Seneca Falls Convention
11216:Continental Association
11116:Settlement of Jamestown
10904:Little Danes experiment
10690:Government of Tatarstan
10357:political organizations
9736:Politics of recognition
8291:Destruction of Carthage
8184:Land claims settlements
7833:Long Walk of the Navajo
7620:April 18, 2010, at the
7254:Crepelle, Adam (2021).
7217:White, Richard (2002).
6426:Encyclopedia of Alabama
6109:John R. Finger (1984).
6001:Rusty Williams (2016).
5977:The History of Oklahoma
5633:Ronald N. Satz (1974).
5401:Amy H. Sturgis (2007).
5240:Chris J. Magoc (2015).
5121:Office of the Historian
4590:Jay H. Buckley (2008).
4074:. Praeger. p. 105.
3576:Rajiv Molhotra (2009).
3313:Crepelle, Adam (2021).
2712:refused to leave their
2665:. Missionary organizer
2572:That year, most of the
2410:. In an 1803 letter to
2125:United States president
1512:Bannock Uprising (1895)
1477:Yavapai Wars(1861β1875)
1467:Navajo Wars (1849β1866)
1419:Powder River War (1865)
1325:Apache Wars (1849β1924)
1133:Indigenous Peoples' Day
948:Partus sequitur ventrem
769:Western Sahara conflict
754: accusation
747:Pacification of Algeria
614: of Ireland
488:Occupation of AraucanΓa
478:Massacre of Salsipuedes
18:Native American removal
14682:Treaty of Fort Jackson
14642:Battle of Hanging Rock
14606:(1797β1798, 1823β1825)
14604:Senator from Tennessee
14151:Occupation of Alcatraz
14093:Native American church
13959:Mohave War (1858β1859)
13946:Yakima War (1855β1858)
13904:Sioux Wars (1854β1891)
13882:White River War (1879)
13870:Walker War (1853β1854)
13754:CherokeeβAmerican wars
12848:Admission to the Union
12214:Afghanistan withdrawal
12209:January 6 insurrection
12128:Rise in mass shootings
12100:Virginia Tech shooting
11653:Paris Peace Conference
11427:Second Great Awakening
11166:American Enlightenment
10889:High Arctic relocation
10791:Declarations of Rights
10488:Cultural appropriation
10419:Survival International
10187:South Africa v. Israel
10155:Rohingya genocide case
9692:Names of the Holocaust
9156:Chittagong Hill Tracts
8864:Kinder der Landstrasse
8750:Late Ottoman genocides
8060:Prairie du Chien (4th)
8048:Prairie du Chien (3rd)
8042:Prairie du Chien (2nd)
8036:Prairie du Chien (1st)
7914:or documented removals
7851:and military officials
7797:Choctaw Trail of Tears
7764:Georgia Land Lotteries
6820:Grant Foreman (1972).
6764:John P. Bowes (2011).
6478:Jay P. Kinney (1975).
5947:James Minahan (2013).
5862:James P. Pate (2009).
5376:. Peter Lang. p.
5344:Tocqueville in America
5091:Perdue, Theda (2016).
5041:Perdue, Theda (2016).
4939:John K. Mahon (1991).
4822:John K. Mahon (1991).
4117:Peter S. Onuf (2000).
3639:Wilentz, Sean (2006).
3410:(Video). 10:51β11:17:
3289:Checkerboarding (land)
3123:Payne's Landing (1832)
2988:Deaths during removal
2861:during the 1820s. The
2791:
2776:Baton Rouge, Louisiana
2639:
2561:
2499:
2445:John C. Calhoun's plan
2430:
2421:
2412:William Henry Harrison
2403:
2393:
2349:
2340:William Henry Harrison
2309:
2274:Confederation Congress
2265:
2111:(roughly, present-day
1874:Southeastern Woodlands
1854:Northeastern Woodlands
1659:Native American church
1594:Occupation of Alcatraz
1447:Yakima War (1855β1858)
1403:Sioux Wars (1854β1891)
1379:White River War (1879)
1367:Walker War (1853β1854)
1245:CherokeeβAmerican wars
1043:Native American rights
533:Chittagong Hill Tracts
326:Conquest of the Desert
15194:Historical migrations
15045:Daniel Smith Donelson
14976:The Remarkable Andrew
14927:(U.S. Capitol statue)
14692:Battle of New Orleans
14014:Yaqui Uprising (1896)
13989:Modoc War (1872β1873)
13979:Snake War (1864β1869)
13894:Bluff Skirmish (1921)
13890:Bluff War (1914β1915)
13840:Tonto War (1871β1875)
13591:Mississippian culture
13554:Civil rights movement
13455:Five Civilized Tribes
12840:Territorial evolution
12204:George Floyd Protests
12187:Unite the Right rally
12056:Oklahoma City bombing
12051:Republican Revolution
11998:Space Shuttle program
11820:Civil Rights Movement
11788:North Atlantic Treaty
11596:Sherman Antitrust Act
11581:Chinese Exclusion Act
11171:French and Indian War
11161:Prelude to Revolution
11146:First Great Awakening
11106:European colonization
10894:Human rights in Tibet
10621:Aotearoa-New Zealand
10515:Fortress conservation
10317:Traditional knowledge
10280:Intellectual property
10052:Bosnian genocide case
9706:Holocaust terminology
9349:Christians under ISIS
9087:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
8516:1740 Batavia massacre
8340:Harrying of the North
8153:Indian Reserve (1763)
7955:Land cession treaties
7731:Attack at Fort Hughes
7597:Martinez, Donna, ed.
7430:10.1353/cwe.2018.0026
7410:Joy, Natalie (2018).
6629:Lewis, James (2000).
5778:Bethencourt, Daniel.
4991:Sturgis, Amy (2007).
4966:Sturgis, Amy (2007).
4879:Kathy Warnes (2016).
4849:Paul E. Teed (2006).
4310:founders.archives.gov
3264:Competency Commission
3067:Pontotoc Creek (1832)
2946:Tonawanda Reservation
2780:
2634:
2626:Alexis de Tocqueville
2615:Mississippi Territory
2574:Five Civilized Tribes
2541:
2494:
2425:
2416:
2398:
2388:
2344:
2304:
2260:
2171:the thirteen colonies
2103:to lands west of the
2101:eastern United States
1654:Traditional religions
1562:Civil rights movement
1517:Yaqui Uprising (1896)
1492:Modoc War (1872β1873)
1482:Snake War (1864β1869)
1462:Mohave War(1858β1859)
1391:Bluff Skirmish (1921)
1387:Bluff War (1914β1915)
1337:Tonto War (1871β1875)
1078:Mississippian culture
1033:Civil rights movement
678:Genocide in Australia
600:Europe and North Asia
577:Sinicization of Tibet
562:Lamey Island Massacre
535: conflict
449:Genocide in Venezuela
285: genocide
180:of indigenous peoples
14946:The President's Lady
14868:Nullification crisis
14732:Jacksonian democracy
14029:Last Massacre (1911)
13994:Nez Perce War (1877)
13862:Ute Wars (1850β1923)
13759:Northwest Indian War
13512:Racial Integrity Act
12754:Palestinian American
12181:Obergefell v. Hodges
12073:September 11 attacks
11909:Second-wave feminism
11830:Cuban Missile Crisis
11690:Bath School disaster
11608:SpanishβAmerican War
11571:The Gospel of Wealth
11450:California Gold Rush
11410:MexicanβAmerican War
11400:Nullification crisis
11368:Era of Good Feelings
11268:Confederation period
11176:Proclamation of 1763
11126:Atlantic slave trade
10918:Residential schools
10864:Sri Lankan Civil War
10606:Legal representation
10575:Urban Indian reserve
10464:Internal colonialism
10355:Non-governmental and
10310:in the United States
10203:Nicaragua v. Germany
10102:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
9478:Utilitarian genocide
9457:Transgender genocide
8824:Osage Indian murders
8524:Great Gypsy Round-up
8206:Reservation politics
8054:Dancing Rabbit Creek
7941:Benjamin Marie Petit
7849:American politicians
7775:Worcester v. Georgia
7713:Battle of Negro Fort
7695:Battle of Burnt Corn
7639:Indian Removal from
7412:"The Indian's Cause"
7330:Howard Zinn (2015).
6917:Remini 2001, p. 272.
6766:"Ogden Land Company"
5605:civics.sites.unc.edu
4049:on December 28, 2016
3699:Howard Zinn (2012).
3553:. www.cherokee.org.
3407:The "Indian Problem"
2991:Deaths from warfare
2843:Treaty of Greenville
2835:Northwest Indian War
2689:Worcester v. Georgia
2654:Treaty of New Echota
2248:Continental Congress
1815:Tribal disenrollment
1532:Last Massacre (1911)
1497:Nez Perce War (1877)
1250:Northwest Indian War
998:Racial Integrity Act
855:in the United States
804:Genocides in history
752:Palestinian genocide
612:Cromwellian conquest
422:Osage Indian murders
397:American Indian Wars
387:Genocide in Paraguay
336:Fall of Tenochtitlan
15126:β John Quincy Adams
15092:Jackson and slavery
15065:(acting First Lady)
15063:Sarah Yorke Jackson
15059:(acting First Lady)
14858:Maysville Road veto
14667:Battle of Talladega
14620:U.S. Representative
14305:Reservation poverty
14250:Ethnic subdivisions
14122:Political movements
13783:Second Seminole War
13694:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
13203:U.S. Virgin Islands
12689:Lithuanian American
12645:Vietnamese American
11991:End of the Cold War
11981:Invasion of Grenada
11931:Iran hostage crisis
11680:Tulsa race massacre
11487:Election of Lincoln
11482:Dred Scott decision
11470:KansasβNebraska Act
11373:Missouri Compromise
11291:Northwest Ordinance
11281:Pennsylvania Mutiny
11276:and Perpetual Union
11236:American Revolution
11151:War of Jenkins' Ear
10469:Settler colonialism
9589:Settler colonialism
9538:Forced assimilation
9244:Srebrenica massacre
9016:Chechens and Ingush
8774:Thracian Bulgarians
8620:Sand Creek massacre
8581:Siege of Tripolitsa
8332:Ancestral Puebloans
8131:Former reservations
8114:Buffalo Creek (4th)
8102:Buffalo Creek (3rd)
8090:Buffalo Creek (2nd)
7982:Buffalo Creek (1st)
7921:Robert C. Ambrister
7060:Ehle, John (2011).
6606:Iowa History Reader
5920:Blue Clark (2012).
5792:. November 17, 2004
4685:on January 20, 2018
3523:Ehle, John (2011).
3353:It has been called
3300:Citations and notes
3188:Francis Paul Prucha
3149:Changed perspective
3140:Second Seminole War
2966:
2934:Maris Bryant Pierce
2718:Second Seminole War
2489:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2453:, Secretary of War
2414:, Jefferson wrote:
2352:Jeffersonian policy
2333:Francis Paul Prucha
2278:Northwest Ordinance
2173:and then after the
2093:forced displacement
1820:Reservation poverty
1803:Societal statistics
1727:Ethnic subdivisions
1555:Political movements
1359:Ute Wars(1850β1923)
1276:Second Seminole War
1185:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
847:Part of a series on
607:Circassian genocide
555:Japanese annexation
550:East Timor genocide
461:Guatemalan genocide
437:Sullivan Expedition
432:Sand Creek massacre
407:California genocide
380:Residential schools
295:Maji Maji Rebellion
239:Indigenous response
229:Settler colonialism
210:Forced assimilation
89:population transfer
15133:Martin Van Buren β
14969:The Gorgeous Hussy
14796:Indian Removal Act
14624:Tennessee at-large
14206:Civic and economic
14191:Tribal sovereignty
14146:Red Power Movement
14113:Longhouse Religion
14048:Education, science
13999:Bannock War (1878)
13793:American Civil War
13744:Lord Dunmore's War
13532:Blood quantum laws
13415:Post-Classic stage
12853:Historical regions
12809:Transgender people
12367:Capital punishment
12226:Support of Ukraine
12175:Black Lives Matter
12083:War in Afghanistan
12008:Invasion of Panama
11964:IranβContra affair
11825:Earlyβmid Cold War
11695:Harlem Renaissance
11554:Compromise of 1877
11529:Reconstruction era
11465:Fugitive Slave Act
11460:Compromise of 1850
11405:Westward expansion
11343:Louisiana Purchase
11186:Stamp Act Congress
11131:King William's War
10954:Stolen Generations
10755:BBNJ ABS Committee
10510:Discovery doctrine
10454:Civilizing mission
10295:Self-determination
10068:Slobodan MiloΕ‘eviΔ
9919:Erich von Manstein
9531:Extermination camp
9292:Effacer le tableau
9055:Hyderabadi Muslims
9000:Nanshitou Massacre
8984:Muslims and Croats
8686:Hamidian massacres
8573:Al-Jawazi massacre
8563:Stolen Generations
8266:list by death toll
7970:Fort Stanwix (2nd)
7964:Fort Stanwix (1st)
7839:Burt Lake burn-out
7821:Sandy Lake Tragedy
7737:Battle of Ocheesee
7719:Battle of Fowltown
7701:Fort Mims massacre
6873:The Choctaw People
4789:American Quarterly
3248:Nelson Act of 1889
3243:WheelerβHoward Act
2965:Southern removals
2964:
2930:Ogden Land Company
2916:during the 1840s.
2849:(Delaware tribe),
2680:heard the case in
2671:U.S. Supreme Court
2630:Memphis, Tennessee
2562:
2528:Indian Removal Act
2522:Indian Removal Act
2463:Indian Territories
2439:Indian Removal Act
2283:Nonintercourse Act
2156:their black slaves
1669:Longhouse Religion
1589:Red Power Movement
1567:Self-determination
1502:Bannock War (1878)
1288:American Civil War
1235:Lord Dunmore's War
1158:Tribal sovereignty
1038:Red Power movement
1018:Blood quantum laws
973:American Civil War
953:Indian Removal Act
908:Post-Classic stage
693:Stolen Generations
572:Ryukyu Disposition
528:Bandanese massacre
370:Beothuk extinction
365:Genocide in Canada
353:Genocide in Brazil
270:Effacer le tableau
252:Sub-Saharan Africa
122:United States Army
15156:
15155:
15016:President Jackson
14547:
14546:
14078:Eagle feather law
13969:Paiute War (1860)
13912:Dakota War (1862)
13874:Tintic War (1856)
13788:Osage Indian War
13719:King Philip's War
13339:
13338:
13297:
13296:
13293:
13292:
12858:American frontier
12819:
12818:
12749:Lebanese American
12734:Egyptian American
12669:Estonian American
12659:Albanian American
12653:European American
12630:Japanese American
12620:Filipino American
12581:
12580:
12243:
12242:
12239:
12238:
12192:COVID-19 pandemic
12095:Hurricane Katrina
12036:Los Angeles riots
11926:Watergate scandal
11771:Start of Cold War
11739:Manhattan Project
11326:Whiskey Rebellion
11156:King George's War
11121:Thirteen Colonies
11082:Pre-Columbian Era
10993:
10992:
10978:Indigenous rights
10847:
10846:
10780:Indigenous Caucus
10721:Intergovernmental
10570:Russian republics
10540:Autonomous okrugs
10389:Cultural Survival
10217:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10120:
10119:
10001:
10000:
9847:Euthanasia trials
9767:Legal proceedings
9510:Cultural genocide
9436:Cultural genocide
9375:
9374:
9308:Masalit massacres
9271:
9270:
9172:Sri Lankan Tamils
9079:Arabs in Zanzibar
9034:
9033:
8952:Three Alls policy
8729:
8728:
8662:Putumayo genocide
8390:
8389:
8219:
8218:
7957:(chronologically)
7752:Policies and laws
7688:(chronologically)
7402:978-0-393-60985-1
7370:978-0-313-35338-3
7343:978-1-317-32530-7
7203:978-0-8090-1552-8
7176:978-0-8090-1552-8
7149:978-0-8032-8734-1
7091:. pp. 75β93.
6942:978-0-8203-1482-2
6833:978-0-8061-1172-8
6806:978-0-7914-7712-0
6779:978-0-313-36041-1
6750:978-0-8156-5238-0
6723:978-0-313-36042-8
6696:978-0-313-30880-2
6669:978-0-299-22064-8
6615:978-1-60938-011-3
6586:978-0-8061-2069-0
6553:978-0-7426-9819-2
6491:978-0-374-94576-3
6464:978-0-8248-1807-4
6406:978-0-313-36041-1
6379:978-0-16-080388-8
6352:978-1-61703-246-2
6325:978-0-16-080388-8
6298:978-0-8071-2867-1
6271:978-0-8173-0411-9
6238:978-0-313-36041-1
6209:978-1-61703-084-0
6180:978-1-78533-397-2
6151:978-0-8173-5560-9
6124:978-0-87049-410-9
6095:978-0-19-061947-3
6068:978-0-8061-4508-2
6041:978-0-8032-5069-7
6014:978-1-62349-406-3
5987:978-0-8061-1883-3
5960:978-1-61069-163-5
5933:978-0-8061-8461-6
5906:978-0-8061-8864-5
5848:978-0-8061-2836-8
5821:978-0-687-18793-5
5752:978-0-8032-7392-4
5727:978-1-85109-697-8
5700:978-0-8173-5332-2
5673:978-0-313-33931-8
5646:978-0-8061-3432-1
5583:978-1-4214-1329-7
5556:978-0-8203-3542-1
5526:978-0-8078-3885-3
5495:978-0-8032-7327-6
5468:978-0-8203-3121-8
5441:978-0-8032-9410-3
5414:978-0-313-33658-4
5387:978-0-8204-8844-8
5354:978-0-8018-5506-1
5327:978-0-8071-4307-0
5287:978-0-8032-6902-6
5254:978-1-61069-430-8
5191:978-0-8061-1172-8
5159:978-0-299-93022-6
5102:978-1-319-04902-7
5052:978-1-319-04902-7
4952:978-0-8130-1097-7
4925:978-0-8032-8734-1
4898:978-1-61069-594-7
4862:978-1-59454-797-3
4835:978-0-8130-1097-7
4756:978-0-691-00627-7
4663:978-0-8032-8762-4
4636:978-1-61069-364-6
4603:978-0-8061-3911-1
4576:978-1-62674-485-1
4549:978-0-275-99011-4
4492:978-0-691-00627-7
4432:978-0-521-80305-2
4405:978-0-19-802276-3
4378:978-0-8018-5959-5
4259:978-1-4214-2059-2
4232:978-0-520-91916-7
4205:978-0-520-90884-0
4169:978-0-19-501743-4
4136:978-0-8139-2204-1
3994:978-1-59884-645-4
3967:978-0-8103-9638-8
3885:978-0-521-80305-2
3858:978-0-19-988828-3
3835:. Primary source.
3712:978-1-60846-228-5
3682:978-1-61069-364-6
3618:978-0-8214-1783-6
3591:978-0-230-61227-3
3459:. pp. 75β93.
3388:978-0-8061-4508-2
3216:cultural genocide
3146:
3145:
3095:New Echota (1835)
3053:Creek War of 1836
3028:Creek (Muscogee)
2985:Number remaining
2979:Major emigration
2942:Tonawanda Senecas
2914:Mississippi River
2766:Creek War of 1836
2758:Treaty of Cusseta
2467:John Quincy Adams
2408:Mississippi River
2295:George Washington
2289:George Washington
2252:Benjamin Franklin
2250:on May 10, 1775,
2242:Benjamin Franklin
2190:American settlers
2105:Mississippi River
2077:
2076:
1975:
1974:
1864:Pacific Northwest
1859:Northwest Plateau
1644:Eagle Feather law
1572:Women in politics
1411:Dakota War (1862)
1371:Tintic War (1856)
1283:Osage Indian War
1210:King Philip's War
1060:
1059:
842:
841:
730:Bar Kokhba revolt
725:Armenian genocide
498:Selk'nam genocide
493:Putumayo genocide
466:Kalinago genocide
162:
161:
145:Mississippi River
16:(Redirected from
15231:
15204:Indian Territory
15145:
15144:
14940:Black Jack stamp
14781:Petticoat affair
14751:
14744:
14727:Coffin Handbills
14627:
14615:
14607:
14599:
14574:
14567:
14560:
14551:
14550:
14457:Native Americans
14326:American English
13899:Posey War (1923)
13616:Iroquois culture
13482:Indian Territory
13430:Age of Discovery
13366:
13359:
13352:
13343:
13342:
13329:
13319:
13318:
13283:
13282:
13212:Outlying islands
13169:Washington, D.C.
13164:Federal District
12863:Manifest destiny
12836:
12835:
12825:
12824:
12767:Native Americans
12739:Iranian American
12713:Mexican American
12699:Serbian American
12684:Italian American
12674:Finnish American
12664:English American
12615:Chinese American
12602:African American
12587:
12586:
12392:Direct democracy
12382:The Constitution
12341:Higher education
12264:American Century
12249:
12248:
11702:Great Depression
11675:Women's suffrage
11665:Roaring Twenties
11591:Haymarket affair
11549:Enforcement Acts
11338:Jeffersonian era
11286:Shays' Rebellion
11206:Intolerable Acts
11201:Boston Tea Party
11136:Queen Anne's War
11064:
11063:
11053:
11052:
11020:
11013:
11006:
10997:
10996:
10975:
10974:
10909:Mapuche conflict
10879:Chiapas conflict
10874:Alta controversy
10852:Historical cases
10610:
10609:
10592:Rainbow Warriors
10582:Manifest destiny
10270:Ancestral domain
10244:
10237:
10230:
10221:
10220:
10206:
10198:
10190:
10182:
10174:
10166:
10158:
10150:
10142:
10128:
10122:
10121:
10113:
10105:
10097:
10087:
10079:
10076:Radovan KaradΕΎiΔ
10071:
10063:
10055:
10047:
10039:
10036:Belgrade Process
10031:
10023:
10009:
10003:
10002:
9994:
9986:
9978:
9970:
9967:Treblinka trials
9962:
9954:
9946:
9938:
9930:
9922:
9914:
9906:
9898:
9890:
9882:
9874:
9866:
9858:
9850:
9842:
9834:
9826:
9818:
9810:
9807:Γpuration lΓ©gale
9802:
9794:
9780:
9777:Holocaust trials
9771:
9770:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9708:
9701:
9694:
9687:
9669:
9662:
9655:
9648:
9641:
9634:
9627:
9618:
9611:
9591:
9584:
9577:
9570:
9561:
9554:
9547:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9524:Ethnic cleansing
9519:
9512:
9494:
9487:
9480:
9473:
9466:
9459:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9431:
9420:
9413:
9406:
9397:
9390:
9368:
9360:
9352:
9344:
9341:Shias under ISIS
9336:
9328:
9320:
9310:
9303:
9295:
9281:
9273:
9272:
9264:
9256:
9246:
9239:
9231:
9223:
9215:
9207:
9199:
9191:
9183:
9175:
9167:
9159:
9151:
9143:
9133:
9126:
9119:
9114:
9106:
9098:
9090:
9082:
9074:
9066:
9058:
9044:
9036:
9035:
9027:
9019:
9011:
9003:
8995:
8987:
8979:
8976:Serbs in Croatia
8971:
8963:
8955:
8947:
8939:
8936:Nanjing Massacre
8931:
8928:Parsley massacre
8923:
8920:Polish Operation
8915:
8912:Romani Holocaust
8907:
8899:
8891:
8883:
8875:
8867:
8859:
8856:NapalpΓ massacre
8851:
8843:
8835:
8827:
8819:
8809:
8801:
8793:
8785:
8777:
8767:
8760:
8752:
8739:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8712:
8705:
8697:
8689:
8681:
8673:
8665:
8657:
8649:
8641:
8633:
8623:
8615:
8607:
8599:
8591:
8584:
8576:
8566:
8558:
8550:
8543:
8535:
8527:
8519:
8509:
8501:
8493:
8486:
8478:
8470:
8462:
8454:
8446:
8438:
8430:
8422:
8414:
8400:
8392:
8391:
8383:
8375:
8367:
8359:
8351:
8348:Mongol conquests
8343:
8335:
8327:
8317:
8310:
8302:
8294:
8280:
8272:
8271:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8223:
8222:
8174:Aboriginal title
8158:Unassigned Lands
8143:Indian Territory
7931:Benjamin Hawkins
7926:George Arbuthnot
7883:Thomas Jefferson
7809:Cherokee removal
7769:Manifest destiny
7672:
7665:
7658:
7649:
7648:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7449:
7406:
7375:
7374:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7275:
7260:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7223:
7214:
7208:
7207:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7133:
7124:
7123:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7100:
7092:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7001:
6994:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6956:
6947:
6946:
6924:
6918:
6915:
6909:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6868:
6862:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6637:on June 19, 2009
6626:
6620:
6619:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6574:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6507:WΓΔazo Ε a Review
6502:
6496:
6495:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6432:on June 15, 2017
6417:
6411:
6410:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6259:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6116:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6025:
6019:
6018:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5874:on July 22, 2016
5859:
5853:
5852:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5809:
5799:
5793:
5776:
5770:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5711:
5705:
5704:
5690:Osceola's Legacy
5684:
5678:
5677:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5613:
5602:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5540:
5531:
5530:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5375:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5315:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5275:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5173:
5164:
5163:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5013:
5007:
5006:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4681:. Archived from
4674:
4668:
4667:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4511:millercenter.org
4503:
4497:
4496:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4193:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4157:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4043:millercenter.org
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4013:millercenter.org
4005:
3999:
3998:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3842:
3836:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3636:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3372:
3366:
3355:ethnic cleansing
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3319:
3310:
3212:Steven L. Jacobs
3163:ethnic cleansing
3155:manifest destiny
3077:Several hundred
3045:Several hundred
2976:Treaty and year
2967:
2963:
2871:Kansas Territory
2789:
2740:Muskogee (Creek)
2648:Cherokee removal
2557:, and a typical
2476:Democratic Party
2449:Under President
2364:Thomas Jefferson
2328:Thomas Jefferson
2316:Thomas Jefferson
2206:ethnic cleansing
2198:manifest destiny
2194:manifest destiny
2132:Martin Van Buren
2109:Indian Territory
2089:ethnic cleansing
2069:
2062:
2055:
1991:Native Americans
1869:The Great Plains
1837:
1836:
1772:
1770:American English
1744:Louisiana Creole
1472:Paiute War(1860)
1398:Posey War (1923)
1093:Iroquois culture
968:Indian Territory
918:Age of Discovery
877:
876:
864:
853:Native Americans
844:
843:
834:
827:
820:
753:
736:
700:Moriori genocide
613:
556:
545:Dzungar genocide
534:
483:NapalpΓ massacre
317:
284:
205:Ethnic relations
200:Ethnic cleansing
181:
164:
163:
149:Manifest Destiny
93:ethnic cleansing
72:Native Americans
44:
32:
31:
21:
15239:
15238:
15234:
15233:
15232:
15230:
15229:
15228:
15159:
15158:
15157:
15152:
15116:
15080:
15051:Lyncoya Jackson
15021:
14990:Man of Conquest
14907:
14833:Specie Circular
14786:Kitchen Cabinet
14752:
14746:
14745:
14736:
14712:Corrupt bargain
14630:
14618:
14610:
14602:
14591:
14583:
14578:
14548:
14543:
14525:
14445:
14347:
14309:
14276:
14245:
14209:
14207:
14200:
14117:
14061:
14049:
14043:
14004:Crow War (1887)
13675:
13601:Hohokam culture
13577:
13420:Woodland period
13405:Formative stage
13376:
13373:Native American
13370:
13340:
13335:
13289:
13263:
13207:
13171:
13159:
12898:
12872:
12830:
12815:
12721:Jewish American
12694:Polish American
12635:Korean American
12625:Indian American
12592:
12577:
12432:Merchant Marine
12402:Law enforcement
12254:
12235:
12109:
12105:Great Recession
12012:
11986:Reagan Doctrine
11940:
11919:Stonewall riots
11841:
11815:Project Mercury
11776:Truman Doctrine
11752:
11660:First Red Scare
11634:
11603:Progressive Era
11515:
11475:Bleeding Kansas
11431:
11378:Monroe Doctrine
11354:
11302:
11261:Treaty of Paris
11222:
11196:Boston Massacre
11191:Sons of Liberty
11087:
11058:
11047:
11029:
11024:
10994:
10989:
10984:Minority rights
10963:
10949:San controversy
10843:
10817:Nagoya Protocol
10790:
10784:
10767:
10765:
10759:
10722:
10716:
10614:
10601:
10442:
10356:
10350:
10258:
10256:minority rights
10248:
10218:
10209:
10201:
10193:
10185:
10177:
10169:
10163:Uyghur Tribunal
10161:
10153:
10145:
10137:
10129:
10126:
10116:
10108:
10100:
10092:
10082:
10074:
10066:
10058:
10050:
10042:
10034:
10026:
10018:
10010:
10007:
9997:
9989:
9983:Fedorenko trial
9981:
9973:
9965:
9957:
9949:
9941:
9933:
9925:
9917:
9909:
9901:
9893:
9885:
9879:Stutthof trials
9877:
9869:
9861:
9855:Nuremberg trial
9853:
9845:
9837:
9829:
9821:
9815:Majdanek trials
9813:
9805:
9797:
9791:Krasnodar trial
9789:
9781:
9775:
9762:
9755:
9748:
9741:
9734:
9727:
9720:
9713:
9704:
9697:
9690:
9683:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9644:
9637:
9630:
9623:
9614:
9607:
9594:
9587:
9580:
9573:
9566:
9557:
9550:
9543:
9536:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9508:
9497:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9455:
9448:
9441:
9434:
9427:
9416:
9409:
9402:
9393:
9386:
9371:
9363:
9355:
9347:
9339:
9331:
9323:
9317:Southern Kaduna
9315:
9306:
9298:
9290:
9282:
9277:
9267:
9259:
9251:
9242:
9234:
9226:
9218:
9210:
9202:
9194:
9186:
9178:
9170:
9162:
9154:
9146:
9138:
9129:
9122:
9117:
9109:
9101:
9093:
9085:
9077:
9069:
9061:
9053:
9045:
9040:
9030:
9022:
9014:
9006:
8998:
8990:
8982:
8974:
8966:
8958:
8950:
8942:
8934:
8926:
8918:
8910:
8904:Simele massacre
8902:
8894:
8886:
8878:
8870:
8862:
8854:
8846:
8838:
8830:
8822:
8814:
8804:
8796:
8788:
8780:
8772:
8763:
8755:
8748:
8740:
8735:
8725:
8715:
8708:
8700:
8694:Herero and Nama
8692:
8684:
8676:
8668:
8660:
8652:
8644:
8636:
8628:
8618:
8610:
8602:
8594:
8587:
8579:
8571:
8561:
8553:
8546:
8538:
8530:
8522:
8514:
8504:
8496:
8489:
8481:
8473:
8465:
8457:
8449:
8441:
8433:
8425:
8417:
8409:
8401:
8396:
8386:
8378:
8370:
8362:
8354:
8346:
8338:
8330:
8322:
8313:
8305:
8299:Asiatic Vespers
8297:
8289:
8281:
8276:
8263:
8255:
8250:
8220:
8215:
8162:
8119:
8108:La Pointe (2nd)
8096:La Pointe (1st)
8072:Payne's Landing
8006:Forbes Purchase
7956:
7950:
7913:
7907:
7858:John C. Calhoun
7850:
7844:
7827:Nome Cult Trail
7780:
7747:
7687:
7681:
7676:
7641:Digital History
7634:Wayback Machine
7622:Wayback Machine
7611:
7594:
7592:Primary sources
7581:
7579:
7564:10.2307/1844855
7512:
7510:
7403:
7384:
7379:
7378:
7371:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7328:
7324:
7309:10.2307/1904204
7293:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7258:
7252:
7248:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7221:
7215:
7211:
7204:
7188:
7184:
7177:
7161:
7157:
7150:
7134:
7127:
7114:
7110:
7094:
7093:
7085:
7081:
7074:
7058:
7054:
7044:
7042:
7035:
7019:
7015:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6958:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6925:
6921:
6916:
6912:
6907:
6903:
6892:
6888:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6845:
6841:
6834:
6818:
6814:
6807:
6791:
6787:
6780:
6762:
6758:
6751:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6708:
6704:
6697:
6681:
6677:
6670:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6598:
6594:
6587:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6538:
6534:
6503:
6499:
6492:
6476:
6472:
6465:
6449:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6364:
6360:
6353:
6337:
6333:
6326:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6283:
6279:
6272:
6250:
6246:
6239:
6221:
6217:
6210:
6192:
6188:
6181:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6136:
6132:
6125:
6107:
6103:
6096:
6080:
6076:
6069:
6053:
6049:
6042:
6026:
6022:
6015:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5972:
5968:
5961:
5945:
5941:
5934:
5918:
5914:
5907:
5891:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5833:
5829:
5822:
5800:
5796:
5787:Wayback Machine
5777:
5773:
5764:
5760:
5753:
5739:
5735:
5728:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5685:
5681:
5674:
5658:
5654:
5647:
5631:
5627:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5584:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5511:
5507:
5496:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5453:
5449:
5442:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5366:
5362:
5355:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5306:
5302:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5238:
5234:
5213:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5192:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5103:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5064:
5060:
5053:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4820:
4816:
4801:10.2307/2712531
4785:
4781:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4724:on June 1, 2016
4721:
4707:
4703:
4699:Primary source.
4688:
4686:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4621:
4614:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4477:
4473:
4461:
4459:
4452:Founders Online
4444:
4440:
4433:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4390:
4386:
4379:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4295:Primary source.
4288:
4286:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4115:
4111:
4107:Primary source.
4100:
4098:
4083:
4079:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3829:Wayback Machine
3811:
3809:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3760:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3667:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3626:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3498:
3482:
3478:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3419:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3373:
3369:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3229:
3208:Paul R. Bartrop
3179:
3151:
2962:
2938:Court of Claims
2827:
2822:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2742:
2706:
2667:Jeremiah Evarts
2650:
2644:
2602:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2484:
2455:John C. Calhoun
2447:
2369:hunter-gatherer
2360:
2354:
2318:
2291:
2270:
2244:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2073:
2044:
2043:
2042:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1883:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1768:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1507:Crow War (1887)
1174:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1088:Hohokam culture
1072:
1062:
1061:
913:Woodland period
898:Formative stage
874:
838:
809:
808:
789:
788:
779:
778:
774:Yazidi genocide
742:Libyan genocide
735:Conquest of the
720:
719:
710:
709:
668:
667:
658:
657:
620:Generalplan Ost
602:
601:
592:
591:
523:
522:
513:
512:
321:
320:
315:
305:
304:
283:Herero and Nama
264:Darfur genocide
254:
253:
179:
177:
81:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15237:
15227:
15226:
15221:
15216:
15211:
15206:
15201:
15196:
15191:
15186:
15181:
15179:Trail of Tears
15176:
15171:
15154:
15153:
15151:
15150:
15137:
15136:
15129:
15121:
15118:
15117:
15115:
15114:
15112:Hannah Jackson
15109:
15107:Alfred Jackson
15104:
15099:
15094:
15088:
15086:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15078:
15072:
15069:John Hutchings
15066:
15060:
15057:Emily Donelson
15054:
15048:
15042:
15036:
15033:Rachel Jackson
15029:
15027:
15023:
15022:
15020:
15019:
15011:
15007:Andrew Jackson
15002:
14993:
14986:
14979:
14972:
14965:
14957:
14949:
14942:
14937:
14933:Andrew Jackson
14929:
14925:Andrew Jackson
14921:
14915:
14913:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14905:
14900:
14895:
14890:
14888:Tariff of 1833
14885:
14880:
14875:
14873:Tariff of 1832
14870:
14865:
14860:
14855:
14850:
14845:
14840:
14835:
14830:
14825:
14820:
14819:
14818:
14816:Senate censure
14808:
14803:
14801:Trail of Tears
14798:
14793:
14791:Indian removal
14788:
14783:
14778:
14773:
14768:
14762:
14760:
14754:
14753:
14739:
14737:
14735:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14704:
14699:
14694:
14689:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14654:
14649:
14644:
14638:
14636:
14632:
14631:
14629:
14628:
14616:
14608:
14600:
14588:
14585:
14584:
14581:Andrew Jackson
14577:
14576:
14569:
14562:
14554:
14545:
14544:
14542:
14541:
14536:
14530:
14527:
14526:
14524:
14523:
14518:
14513:
14508:
14507:
14506:
14496:
14491:
14490:
14489:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14453:
14451:
14447:
14446:
14444:
14443:
14438:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14421:North Carolina
14418:
14413:
14408:
14407:
14406:
14396:
14391:
14386:
14381:
14376:
14371:
14366:
14361:
14355:
14353:
14349:
14348:
14346:
14345:
14340:
14339:
14338:
14333:
14328:
14317:
14315:
14311:
14310:
14308:
14307:
14302:
14297:
14296:
14295:
14284:
14282:
14278:
14277:
14275:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14253:
14251:
14247:
14246:
14244:
14243:
14238:
14233:
14228:
14223:
14218:
14212:
14210:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14199:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14183:
14178:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14137:
14136:
14125:
14123:
14119:
14118:
14116:
14115:
14110:
14105:
14100:
14095:
14090:
14085:
14080:
14075:
14069:
14067:
14063:
14062:
14060:
14059:
14053:
14051:
14050:and technology
14045:
14044:
14042:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13943:
13938:
13901:
13896:
13886:Ute War (1887)
13859:
13854:
13825:
13820:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13709:Peach Tree War
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13685:
13683:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13606:Plains Indians
13603:
13598:
13593:
13587:
13585:
13579:
13578:
13576:
13575:
13573:Discrimination
13570:
13565:
13560:
13551:
13550:
13549:
13539:
13534:
13529:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13477:Trail of Tears
13474:
13472:Indian removal
13469:
13468:
13467:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13407:
13402:
13397:
13392:
13386:
13384:
13378:
13377:
13369:
13368:
13361:
13354:
13346:
13337:
13336:
13334:
13333:
13323:
13313:
13311:Historiography
13308:
13302:
13299:
13298:
13295:
13294:
13291:
13290:
13288:
13287:
13277:
13271:
13269:
13265:
13264:
13262:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13249:Navassa Island
13246:
13241:
13236:
13234:Johnston Atoll
13231:
13226:
13224:Howland Island
13221:
13215:
13213:
13209:
13208:
13206:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13183:American Samoa
13179:
13177:
13173:
13172:
13167:
13165:
13161:
13160:
13158:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13105:South Carolina
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13070:North Carolina
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12912:
12906:
12904:
12900:
12899:
12897:
12896:
12894:The West Coast
12891:
12886:
12880:
12878:
12874:
12873:
12871:
12870:
12868:Indian removal
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12844:
12842:
12832:
12831:
12821:
12820:
12817:
12816:
12814:
12813:
12812:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12789:
12782:
12781:
12780:
12775:
12763:
12762:
12761:
12759:Saudi American
12756:
12751:
12746:
12744:Iraqi American
12741:
12736:
12724:
12717:
12716:
12715:
12703:
12702:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12679:Irish American
12676:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12649:
12648:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12609:Asian American
12605:
12597:
12594:
12593:
12583:
12582:
12579:
12578:
12576:
12575:
12574:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12541:
12540:
12539:
12537:Sexual slavery
12527:
12520:
12513:
12512:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12474:
12473:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12435:
12428:
12421:
12420:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12407:Postal service
12404:
12399:
12397:Foreign policy
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12352:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12331:
12330:
12329:
12317:
12316:
12315:
12303:
12302:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12274:
12267:
12259:
12256:
12255:
12245:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12237:
12236:
12234:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12200:
12199:
12189:
12184:
12177:
12172:
12171:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12125:
12119:
12117:
12111:
12110:
12108:
12107:
12102:
12097:
12092:
12091:
12090:
12085:
12075:
12070:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12022:
12020:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11994:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11973:
11971:Crack epidemic
11968:
11967:
11966:
11961:
11950:
11948:
11942:
11941:
11939:
11938:
11936:Moral Majority
11933:
11928:
11923:
11922:
11921:
11914:Gay liberation
11911:
11906:
11904:Counterculture
11901:
11896:
11895:
11894:
11892:Fall of Saigon
11889:
11884:
11874:
11873:
11872:
11870:Apollo program
11867:
11865:Project Gemini
11857:
11851:
11849:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11806:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11783:Early Cold War
11780:
11779:
11778:
11768:
11762:
11760:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11750:
11749:
11748:
11747:
11746:
11736:
11731:
11721:
11720:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11699:
11698:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11662:
11657:
11656:
11655:
11644:
11642:
11636:
11635:
11633:
11632:
11627:
11626:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11600:
11599:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11563:
11558:
11557:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11525:
11523:
11517:
11516:
11514:
11513:
11512:
11511:
11506:
11496:
11495:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11478:
11477:
11467:
11462:
11455:Prelude to War
11452:
11447:
11445:Antebellum Era
11441:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11418:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11390:Trail of Tears
11385:Jacksonian era
11382:
11381:
11380:
11375:
11364:
11362:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11351:
11350:
11345:
11335:
11334:
11333:
11328:
11321:Federalist Era
11318:
11316:Bill of Rights
11312:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11265:
11264:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11251:Lee Resolution
11248:
11243:
11232:
11230:
11224:
11223:
11221:
11220:
11219:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11097:
11095:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11085:
11078:
11070:
11068:
11060:
11059:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11045:
11040:
11034:
11031:
11030:
11023:
11022:
11015:
11008:
11000:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10968:
10965:
10964:
10962:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10940:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10899:Indian removal
10896:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10855:
10853:
10849:
10848:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10841:
10835:
10829:
10823:
10813:
10807:
10801:
10794:
10792:
10786:
10785:
10783:
10782:
10777:
10771:
10769:
10764:Indigenous-led
10761:
10760:
10758:
10757:
10752:
10751:
10750:
10742:
10740:Arctic Council
10737:
10736:
10735:
10729:African Union
10726:
10724:
10718:
10717:
10715:
10714:
10713:
10712:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10694:
10693:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10669:
10668:
10667:
10659:
10658:
10657:
10649:
10648:
10647:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10629:
10628:
10627:
10625:Te Puni KΕkiri
10618:
10616:
10607:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10587:Plastic shaman
10584:
10579:
10578:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10555:Indian reserve
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10527:
10522:
10520:Green grabbing
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10495:
10493:Sports mascots
10485:
10484:
10483:
10481:Bioprospecting
10473:
10472:
10471:
10466:
10456:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10360:
10358:
10352:
10351:
10349:
10348:
10347:
10346:
10344:in New Zealand
10341:
10331:
10330:
10329:
10324:
10314:
10313:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10266:
10264:
10260:
10259:
10250:International
10247:
10246:
10239:
10232:
10224:
10215:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10208:
10207:
10199:
10191:
10183:
10175:
10167:
10159:
10151:
10143:
10134:
10131:
10130:
10118:
10117:
10115:
10114:
10106:
10098:
10090:
10089:
10088:
10080:
10072:
10056:
10048:
10040:
10032:
10024:
10015:
10012:
10011:
9999:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9987:
9979:
9971:
9963:
9955:
9947:
9943:Eichmann trial
9939:
9931:
9923:
9915:
9907:
9899:
9891:
9883:
9875:
9867:
9859:
9851:
9843:
9835:
9827:
9823:CheΕmno trials
9819:
9811:
9803:
9795:
9786:
9783:
9782:
9768:
9764:
9763:
9761:
9760:
9753:
9746:
9739:
9732:
9725:
9718:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9702:
9695:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9663:
9656:
9649:
9642:
9635:
9628:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9616:Trivialization
9604:
9602:
9596:
9595:
9593:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9563:
9562:
9555:
9552:Killing Fields
9541:
9534:
9527:
9520:
9513:
9505:
9503:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9495:
9488:
9481:
9474:
9467:
9460:
9453:
9446:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9400:
9399:
9398:
9383:
9381:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9361:
9353:
9345:
9337:
9329:
9321:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9296:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9257:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9232:
9224:
9216:
9208:
9200:
9192:
9188:Kuwaiti Bedoon
9184:
9176:
9168:
9160:
9152:
9144:
9136:
9135:
9134:
9127:
9115:
9107:
9099:
9091:
9083:
9075:
9067:
9059:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9032:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9024:Crimean Tatars
9020:
9012:
9004:
8996:
8988:
8980:
8972:
8964:
8956:
8948:
8940:
8932:
8924:
8916:
8908:
8900:
8892:
8884:
8876:
8868:
8860:
8852:
8848:KantΕ Massacre
8844:
8836:
8828:
8820:
8812:
8811:
8810:
8802:
8794:
8786:
8778:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8706:
8698:
8690:
8682:
8674:
8666:
8658:
8650:
8642:
8634:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8616:
8608:
8604:Trail of Tears
8600:
8596:Indian removal
8585:
8577:
8569:
8568:
8567:
8559:
8544:
8536:
8528:
8520:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8502:
8487:
8479:
8471:
8463:
8455:
8447:
8439:
8435:Kashmiri Shias
8431:
8423:
8415:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8376:
8368:
8360:
8352:
8344:
8336:
8328:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8303:
8295:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8269:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8226:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8181:
8170:
8168:
8167:Related topics
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8099:
8093:
8087:
8081:
8078:Pontotoc Creek
8075:
8069:
8063:
8057:
8051:
8045:
8039:
8033:
8030:Indian Springs
8027:
8021:
8015:
8009:
8003:
8000:New York (2nd)
7997:
7991:
7988:New York (1st)
7985:
7979:
7973:
7967:
7960:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7936:Edward Nicolls
7933:
7928:
7923:
7917:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7893:Winfield Scott
7890:
7885:
7880:
7878:Andrew Jackson
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7806:
7803:Trail of Tears
7800:
7794:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7734:
7728:
7725:Scott Massacre
7722:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7691:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7679:Indian Removal
7675:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7636:
7624:
7610:
7609:External links
7607:
7606:
7605:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7541:
7522:Jahoda, Gloria
7519:
7497:(3): 292β309.
7482:
7460:
7450:
7424:(2): 215β242.
7407:
7401:
7389:Saunt, Claudio
7383:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7369:
7349:
7342:
7322:
7303:(3): 527β539.
7287:
7246:
7209:
7202:
7182:
7175:
7155:
7148:
7125:
7108:
7079:
7072:
7052:
7033:
7013:
6981:
6948:
6941:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6886:
6863:
6854:
6839:
6832:
6812:
6805:
6785:
6778:
6756:
6749:
6729:
6722:
6702:
6695:
6675:
6668:
6648:
6621:
6614:
6592:
6585:
6559:
6552:
6532:
6497:
6490:
6470:
6463:
6443:
6412:
6405:
6385:
6378:
6358:
6351:
6331:
6324:
6304:
6297:
6277:
6270:
6244:
6237:
6215:
6208:
6196:"Introduction"
6186:
6179:
6157:
6150:
6130:
6123:
6101:
6094:
6074:
6067:
6047:
6040:
6020:
6013:
5993:
5986:
5966:
5959:
5939:
5932:
5912:
5905:
5896:The Chickasaws
5885:
5854:
5847:
5827:
5820:
5794:
5771:
5758:
5751:
5733:
5726:
5706:
5699:
5679:
5672:
5652:
5645:
5625:
5589:
5582:
5562:
5555:
5532:
5525:
5505:
5494:
5474:
5467:
5447:
5440:
5420:
5413:
5393:
5386:
5360:
5353:
5333:
5326:
5300:
5286:
5260:
5253:
5232:
5190:
5165:
5158:
5138:
5108:
5101:
5083:
5076:
5058:
5051:
5033:
5026:
5008:
5002:978-0313336584
5001:
4983:
4977:978-0313336584
4976:
4958:
4951:
4931:
4924:
4904:
4897:
4868:
4861:
4841:
4834:
4814:
4779:
4762:
4755:
4735:
4701:
4669:
4662:
4642:
4635:
4612:
4602:
4582:
4575:
4555:
4548:
4528:
4498:
4491:
4471:
4438:
4431:
4411:
4404:
4384:
4377:
4357:
4327:
4297:
4265:
4258:
4238:
4231:
4211:
4204:
4175:
4168:
4142:
4135:
4109:
4077:
4060:
4030:
4000:
3993:
3973:
3966:
3946:
3916:
3900:
3891:
3884:
3864:
3857:
3837:
3788:
3779:
3773:978-0195085570
3772:
3751:
3718:
3711:
3688:
3681:
3656:
3624:
3617:
3597:
3590:
3568:
3542:
3535:
3515:
3496:
3476:
3447:
3397:
3387:
3367:
3346:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3202:and historian
3178:
3175:
3171:David Stannard
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3035:Cusseta (1832)
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3016:2,000β4,000+ (
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:Total removed
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2961:
2958:
2902:Black Hawk War
2829:Tribes in the
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2762:Trail of Tears
2741:
2738:
2705:
2702:
2678:Marshall court
2663:Trail of Tears
2646:Main article:
2643:
2640:
2613:settlement in
2601:
2598:
2526:Main article:
2523:
2520:
2507:
2504:
2483:
2480:
2472:Andrew Jackson
2446:
2443:
2419:consolidation.
2367:rather than a
2362:As president,
2356:Main article:
2353:
2350:
2317:
2314:
2290:
2287:
2269:
2266:
2243:
2240:
2228:Main article:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2160:Trail of Tears
2128:Andrew Jackson
2081:Indian removal
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:North Carolina
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1383:Ute War (1887)
1356:
1351:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:Peach Tree War
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Trail of Tears
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
875:
870:
869:
866:
865:
857:
856:
849:
848:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
801:
796:
790:
787:Related topics
786:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
749:
744:
739:
732:
727:
721:
717:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
705:Papua conflict
702:
697:
696:
695:
690:
685:
675:
669:
665:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Greek genocide
623:
616:
609:
603:
599:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
552:
547:
542:
537:
530:
524:
520:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
508:TaΓno genocide
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
468:
463:
458:
457:
456:
454:Pemon conflict
446:
445:
444:
442:Trail of Tears
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
417:Indian removal
414:
409:
404:
399:
389:
384:
383:
382:
377:
372:
362:
361:
360:
350:
349:
348:
338:
333:
328:
322:
312:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
280:
273:
266:
261:
255:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
236:
226:
224:Historiography
221:
216:
207:
202:
197:
189:
188:
184:
183:
173:
172:
160:
159:
158:
157:
152:
136:
132:
131:
130:
129:
127:State militias
124:
119:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
82:
79:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
35:Indian removal
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15236:
15225:
15222:
15220:
15217:
15215:
15212:
15210:
15207:
15205:
15202:
15200:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15190:
15187:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15166:
15164:
15149:
15148:
15139:
15138:
15135:
15134:
15130:
15128:
15127:
15123:
15122:
15119:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15093:
15090:
15089:
15087:
15083:
15076:
15073:
15070:
15067:
15064:
15061:
15058:
15055:
15053:(adopted son)
15052:
15049:
15047:(adopted son)
15046:
15043:
15041:(adopted son)
15040:
15037:
15034:
15031:
15030:
15028:
15024:
15018:
15017:
15012:
15010:
15008:
15003:
15001:
14999:
14994:
14992:
14991:
14987:
14985:
14984:
14980:
14978:
14977:
14973:
14971:
14970:
14966:
14963:
14962:
14961:The Buccaneer
14958:
14955:
14954:
14953:The Buccaneer
14950:
14948:
14947:
14943:
14941:
14938:
14936:
14934:
14930:
14928:
14926:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14910:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14898:Panic of 1837
14896:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14851:
14849:
14846:
14844:
14841:
14839:
14836:
14834:
14831:
14829:
14826:
14824:
14821:
14817:
14814:
14813:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14776:Spoils system
14774:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14763:
14761:
14759:
14755:
14750:
14743:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14708:
14705:
14703:
14700:
14698:
14697:Seminole Wars
14695:
14693:
14690:
14688:
14685:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14662:Fort Strother
14660:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14652:The Hermitage
14650:
14648:
14647:Hunter's Hill
14645:
14643:
14640:
14639:
14637:
14633:
14625:
14621:
14617:
14613:
14609:
14605:
14601:
14597:
14594:
14590:
14589:
14586:
14582:
14575:
14570:
14568:
14563:
14561:
14556:
14555:
14552:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14531:
14528:
14522:
14519:
14517:
14514:
14512:
14509:
14505:
14502:
14501:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14452:
14448:
14442:
14439:
14437:
14434:
14432:
14429:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14405:
14402:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14370:
14367:
14365:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14356:
14354:
14352:By state/city
14350:
14344:
14341:
14337:
14334:
14332:
14329:
14327:
14324:
14323:
14322:
14319:
14318:
14316:
14312:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14298:
14294:
14291:
14290:
14289:
14286:
14285:
14283:
14279:
14273:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14254:
14252:
14248:
14242:
14239:
14237:
14234:
14232:
14229:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14217:
14214:
14213:
14211:
14203:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14176:
14175:Red handprint
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14139:
14135:
14132:
14131:
14130:
14127:
14126:
14124:
14120:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14094:
14091:
14089:
14086:
14084:
14081:
14079:
14076:
14074:
14071:
14070:
14068:
14064:
14058:
14055:
14054:
14052:
14046:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13951:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13933:
13929:
13925:
13921:
13917:
13913:
13909:
13905:
13902:
13900:
13897:
13895:
13891:
13887:
13883:
13879:
13875:
13871:
13867:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13849:
13845:
13841:
13837:
13833:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13815:
13811:
13807:
13803:
13799:
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13780:
13779:Seminole Wars
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13739:Pontiac's War
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13724:Tuscarora War
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13686:
13684:
13682:
13678:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13656:Neighborhoods
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13596:Adena culture
13594:
13592:
13589:
13588:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13555:
13552:
13548:
13545:
13544:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13528:
13527:Jim Crow laws
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13466:
13463:
13462:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13448:
13446:
13443:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13431:
13428:
13426:
13423:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13413:
13411:
13410:Classic stage
13408:
13406:
13403:
13401:
13398:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13390:Paleo-Indians
13388:
13387:
13385:
13383:
13379:
13374:
13367:
13362:
13360:
13355:
13353:
13348:
13347:
13344:
13332:
13328:
13324:
13322:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13306:List of years
13304:
13303:
13300:
13286:
13278:
13276:
13275:Urban history
13273:
13272:
13270:
13266:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13254:Palmyra Atoll
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13229:Jarvis Island
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13216:
13214:
13210:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13180:
13178:
13176:Insular areas
13174:
13170:
13166:
13162:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13145:West Virginia
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13050:New Hampshire
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13010:Massachusetts
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12901:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12881:
12879:
12875:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12845:
12843:
12841:
12837:
12833:
12826:
12822:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12796:
12795:
12794:
12790:
12788:
12787:
12783:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12770:
12769:
12768:
12764:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12725:
12723:
12722:
12718:
12714:
12711:
12710:
12709:
12708:
12704:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12657:
12656:
12655:
12654:
12650:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12640:Thai American
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12606:
12604:
12603:
12599:
12598:
12595:
12588:
12584:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12547:
12546:
12542:
12538:
12535:
12534:
12533:
12532:
12528:
12526:
12525:
12521:
12519:
12518:
12514:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12481:
12480:
12479:
12478:Party Systems
12475:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12442:
12441:
12440:
12436:
12434:
12433:
12429:
12427:
12426:
12422:
12418:
12417:Voting rights
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12359:
12358:
12357:
12353:
12351:
12350:
12346:
12342:
12339:
12338:
12337:
12336:
12332:
12328:
12325:
12324:
12323:
12322:
12318:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12309:
12308:
12304:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12281:
12280:
12279:
12275:
12273:
12272:
12268:
12266:
12265:
12261:
12260:
12257:
12250:
12246:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12221:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12198:
12195:
12194:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12182:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12116:
12112:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12080:
12079:
12078:War on terror
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12068:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12019:
12015:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11978:
11977:
11976:Late Cold War
11974:
11972:
11969:
11965:
11962:
11960:
11957:
11956:
11955:
11952:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11943:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11920:
11917:
11916:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11879:
11878:
11875:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11855:Great Society
11853:
11852:
11850:
11848:
11844:
11838:
11835:
11831:
11828:
11827:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11810:Post-war boom
11808:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11785:
11784:
11781:
11777:
11774:
11773:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11763:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11745:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11722:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11704:
11703:
11700:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11654:
11651:
11650:
11649:
11646:
11645:
11643:
11641:
11637:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11605:
11604:
11601:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11531:
11530:
11527:
11526:
11524:
11522:
11518:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11500:
11497:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11476:
11473:
11472:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11457:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11434:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11387:
11386:
11383:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11370:
11369:
11366:
11365:
11363:
11361:
11357:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11340:
11339:
11336:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11323:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11313:
11311:
11309:
11305:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11271:
11270:
11269:
11266:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11238:
11237:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11229:
11225:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11163:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11090:
11084:
11083:
11079:
11077:
11076:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11065:
11061:
11054:
11050:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11021:
11016:
11014:
11009:
11007:
11002:
11001:
10998:
10986:
10985:
10980:
10979:
10970:
10969:
10966:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10938:
10937:United States
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10850:
10840:
10836:
10834:
10830:
10828:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10814:
10812:
10808:
10806:
10802:
10800:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10787:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10772:
10770:
10766:international
10762:
10756:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10734:
10731:
10730:
10728:
10727:
10725:
10719:
10711:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10701:
10698:
10697:
10695:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10660:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10650:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10640:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10630:
10626:
10623:
10622:
10620:
10619:
10617:
10611:
10608:
10604:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10550:Indian colony
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10532:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10489:
10486:
10482:
10479:
10478:
10477:
10474:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10445:
10438:
10437:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10353:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10334:Treaty rights
10332:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10319:
10318:
10315:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10297:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10245:
10240:
10238:
10233:
10231:
10226:
10225:
10222:
10204:
10200:
10196:
10192:
10188:
10184:
10180:
10176:
10172:
10168:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10144:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10132:
10123:
10111:
10107:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10085:
10081:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10016:
10013:
10004:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9975:Sobibor trial
9972:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9948:
9944:
9940:
9936:
9932:
9928:
9924:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9896:
9892:
9888:
9884:
9880:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9864:
9860:
9856:
9852:
9848:
9844:
9840:
9839:Belsen trials
9836:
9832:
9831:Dachau trials
9828:
9824:
9820:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9799:Kharkov trial
9796:
9792:
9788:
9787:
9784:
9778:
9772:
9769:
9765:
9758:
9754:
9751:
9747:
9744:
9743:Justification
9740:
9737:
9733:
9730:
9726:
9723:
9719:
9716:
9712:
9707:
9703:
9700:
9696:
9693:
9689:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9668:
9664:
9661:
9657:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9643:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9622:
9617:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9609:The Holocaust
9606:
9605:
9603:
9601:
9597:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9579:
9576:
9572:
9569:
9568:Death marches
9565:
9560:
9556:
9553:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9542:
9539:
9535:
9532:
9528:
9525:
9521:
9518:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9482:
9479:
9475:
9472:
9468:
9465:
9461:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9447:
9444:
9440:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9401:
9396:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9378:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9325:Iraqi Turkmen
9322:
9318:
9314:
9309:
9305:
9304:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9289:
9288:
9285:
9280:
9274:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9245:
9241:
9240:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9197:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9161:
9157:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9132:
9128:
9125:
9121:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9060:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9048:
9043:
9037:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8960:The Holocaust
8957:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8842:(1920sβ1930s)
8841:
8840:Ingrian Finns
8837:
8833:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8766:
8765:Pontic Greeks
8762:
8761:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8746:
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8680:(1890sβ1900s)
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8500:(1700sβ1800s)
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8350:(1200sβ1360s)
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2831:Old Northwest
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903:Classic stage
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883:Paleo-Indians
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14944:
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14924:
14912:Public image
14790:
14300:Reservations
14281:Demographics
13952: /
13948: /
13934: /
13930: /
13926: /
13922: /
13918: /
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13808: /
13804: /
13800: /
13781: /
13734:Dummer's War
13556: /
13471:
13395:Lithic stage
13244:Midway Atoll
13239:Kingman Reef
13219:Baker Island
13198:Puerto Rico
13110:South Dakota
13100:Rhode Island
13095:Pennsylvania
13075:North Dakota
12867:
12791:
12784:
12765:
12726:
12719:
12705:
12651:
12607:
12600:
12543:
12529:
12522:
12515:
12476:
12450:Marine Corps
12437:
12430:
12423:
12387:Debt ceiling
12372:Civil Rights
12354:
12347:
12333:
12319:
12305:
12276:
12271:Antisemitism
12269:
12262:
12218:
12179:
12115:2008βpresent
12067:Bush v. Gore
12065:
12003:War on drugs
11877:Mid Cold War
11729:Pearl Harbor
11724:World War II
11544:Ku Klux Klan
11141:Dummer's War
11080:
11073:
11067:Pre-Colonial
10983:
10977:
10932:South Africa
10898:
10789:Treaties and
10661:Philippines
10613:Governmental
10435:
10364:Amazon Watch
10339:in Australia
10300:in Australia
10127:21st century
10084:Ratko MladiΔ
10008:20th century
9951:Belzec trial
9715:Genocide law
9575:Death squads
9485:Mass killing
9395:Autogenocide
9279:21st century
9042:1946 to 1999
8914:(1935β1945)
8872:Libyan Arabs
8737:1913 to 1945
8595:
8398:1490 to 1913
8024:Doak's Stand
8018:Creek Agency
8012:Fort Jackson
7888:James Monroe
7773:
7678:
7640:
7598:
7580:. Retrieved
7558:(1): 31β45.
7555:
7549:
7528:. New York:
7525:
7511:. Retrieved
7494:
7490:
7469:. New York:
7466:
7454:
7421:
7415:
7392:
7359:
7352:
7332:
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7296:
7290:
7278:. Retrieved
7266:
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7237:. Retrieved
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7192:
7185:
7165:
7158:
7138:
7118:
7111:
7088:
7082:
7062:
7055:
7045:November 20,
7043:. Retrieved
7023:
7016:
7004:. Retrieved
6984:
6972:. Retrieved
6963:
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6913:
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6889:
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6732:
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6705:
6685:
6678:
6658:
6651:
6639:. Retrieved
6635:the original
6624:
6605:
6595:
6570:
6562:
6542:
6535:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6480:
6473:
6453:
6446:
6434:. Retrieved
6430:the original
6425:
6415:
6395:
6388:
6368:
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6334:
6314:
6307:
6287:
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6023:
6003:
5996:
5976:
5969:
5949:
5942:
5922:
5915:
5895:
5888:
5876:. Retrieved
5872:the original
5867:
5857:
5837:
5830:
5805:
5797:
5790:The Advocate
5789:
5774:
5766:
5761:
5742:
5736:
5716:
5709:
5689:
5682:
5662:
5655:
5635:
5628:
5616:. Retrieved
5604:
5592:
5572:
5565:
5545:
5515:
5508:
5499:
5484:
5477:
5457:
5450:
5430:
5423:
5403:
5396:
5371:
5363:
5343:
5336:
5311:
5303:
5291:. Retrieved
5271:
5263:
5242:
5235:
5204:. Retrieved
5181:
5148:
5141:
5131:February 22,
5129:. Retrieved
5120:
5111:
5092:
5086:
5067:
5061:
5042:
5036:
5017:
5011:
4992:
4986:
4967:
4961:
4941:
4934:
4914:
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4888:
4882:
4851:
4844:
4824:
4817:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4772:
4765:
4745:
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4719:the original
4714:
4704:
4694:
4687:. Retrieved
4683:the original
4672:
4652:
4645:
4625:
4607:
4592:
4585:
4565:
4558:
4538:
4531:
4519:. Retrieved
4510:
4501:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:. Retrieved
4451:
4441:
4421:
4414:
4394:
4387:
4367:
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4339:
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4309:
4300:
4287:. Retrieved
4278:
4268:
4248:
4241:
4221:
4214:
4189:
4153:
4145:
4120:
4112:
4099:. Retrieved
4090:
4080:
4070:
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4047:the original
4042:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4012:
4003:
3983:
3976:
3956:
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3928:
3919:
3909:
3903:
3894:
3874:
3867:
3847:
3840:
3820:
3810:. Retrieved
3801:
3791:
3782:
3763:
3742:. Retrieved
3733:
3701:
3671:
3647:. Retrieved
3641:
3607:
3600:
3581:
3571:
3559:. Retrieved
3545:
3525:
3518:
3508:November 20,
3506:. Retrieved
3486:
3479:
3456:
3450:
3427:
3420:. Retrieved
3406:
3400:
3392:
3377:
3370:
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3325:
3321:
3308:
3279:Great MΔhele
3274:Diminishment
3220:Sean Wilentz
3218:. Historian
3180:
3169:. Historian
3152:
3130:2,833β4,000
3108:2,000β4,000
3013:5,000β6,000
2923:(1838), the
2918:
2875:
2828:
2806:
2797:
2781:
2746:Fort Jackson
2743:
2726:Thomas Jesup
2707:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2651:
2635:
2623:
2603:
2571:
2563:
2543:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2451:James Monroe
2448:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2373:
2361:
2345:
2337:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2305:
2292:
2271:
2261:
2245:
2233:
2219:
2183:
2164:
2091:through the
2080:
2078:
1808:Reservations
1791:Demographics
1639:Christianity
1453: /
1449: /
1433: /
1429: /
1425: /
1421: /
1417: /
1413: /
1409: /
1405: /
1389: /
1385: /
1381: /
1377: /
1373: /
1369: /
1365: /
1361: /
1347: /
1343: /
1339: /
1335: /
1331: /
1327: /
1311: /
1307: /
1303: /
1299: /
1295: /
1274: /
1225:Dummer's War
888:Lithic stage
673:Blackbirding
650:
618:
582:SΕshi-kaimei
470:
416:
275:
268:
212: /
141:Expansionist
111:Perpetrators
29:
14626:(1796β1797)
14598:(1829β1837)
14108:Sweat lodge
13774:Arikara War
13764:War of 1812
13729:Yamasee War
13714:Esopus Wars
13704:Kieft's War
13689:Beaver Wars
13611:Anishinaabe
13492:Dawes Rolls
13259:Wake Island
13025:Mississippi
12940:Connecticut
12884:New England
12551:Agriculture
12470:Coast Guard
12465:Space Force
12313:Immigration
12041:WTC bombing
11959:Reaganomics
11887:Vietnam War
11803:McCarthyism
11685:Second Klan
11670:Prohibition
11648:World War I
11623:Square Deal
11613:Imperialism
11348:War of 1812
11075:Prehistoric
10944:Rubber boom
10927:New Zealand
10459:Colonialism
10285:Land rights
10197:(2023β2024)
10165:(2020β2021)
10112:(1999β2015)
10104:(1997β2022)
10096:(1994β2015)
10086:(2011β2017)
10078:(2008β2016)
10070:(2002β2006)
10062:(1993β2017)
10054:(1993β2007)
10046:(1946β1948)
10030:(1946β1948)
10020:Budak trial
9991:Finta trial
9977:(1965β1966)
9969:(1964β1970)
9961:(1963β1989)
9953:(1963β1965)
9937:(1961β1962)
9913:(1946β1949)
9905:(1946β1948)
9897:(1946β1948)
9889:(1946β1953)
9881:(1946β1947)
9865:(1945β1946)
9863:Minsk trial
9857:(1945β1946)
9849:(1945β1949)
9841:(1945β1948)
9833:(1945β1947)
9825:(1945β2001)
9817:(1944β1989)
9809:(1944β1951)
9779:(1943β2022)
9685:Definitions
9335:(2014β2017)
9327:(2014β2017)
9319:(2011β2023)
9294:(2002β2003)
9263:(1996β1997)
9238:(1992β1995)
9230:(1991β2003)
9214:(1987β2002)
9206:(1987β1989)
9198:(1986β1989)
9182:(1983β1987)
9180:Gukurahundi
9174:(1983β2009)
9158:(1977β1997)
9150:(1975β1979)
9142:(1974β1999)
9105:(1970β2003)
9103:Feyli Kurds
9097:(1966β1970)
9073:(1962β1996)
9065:(1956β1989)
9026:(1944β1948)
9018:(1944β1948)
9010:(1943β1945)
9002:(1942β1945)
8986:(1941β1945)
8978:(1941β1945)
8970:(1941β1945)
8962:(1941β1945)
8954:(1940β1942)
8946:(1939β1945)
8938:(1937β1938)
8922:(1937β1938)
8898:(1932β1933)
8882:(1930β1933)
8874:(1929β1932)
8866:(1926β1973)
8834:(1919β1933)
8826:(1918β1931)
8818:(1916β1917)
8808:(1916β1934)
8792:(1915β1917)
8784:(1915β1919)
8759:(1913β1922)
8719:(1912β1913)
8704:(1905β1907)
8696:(1904β1907)
8688:(1894β1896)
8672:(1888β1893)
8664:(1879β1913)
8654:Circassians
8648:(1850β1864)
8614:(1846β1873)
8606:(1830β1850)
8598:(1830β1847)
8565:(1869β1977)
8557:(1825β1832)
8542:(1785β2017)
8508:(1874β1996)
8485:(1648β1657)
8477:(1640β1649)
8469:(1636β1638)
8437:(1548β1872)
8413:(1492β1514)
8382:(1402β1496)
8374:(1393β1394)
8358:(1209β1229)
8342:(1069β1070)
8278:Before 1490
8136:in Oklahoma
8008:(1804β1811)
7898:John Tipton
7811:(1836β1839)
7805:(1831β1838)
7799:(1831β1833)
7759:Removal Act
7739:(1817β1818)
7643:by S. Mintz
7228:: 443β444.
6960:"Chickasaw"
4795:(1): 3β25.
4320:October 27,
3929:uoregon.edu
3744:October 16,
3561:October 17,
3204:Howard Zinn
3159:paternalism
3074:over 4,000
2814:Poarch Band
2730:Fort Peyton
2619:Little Rock
2608:signed the
2553:, Selecta,
2376:assimilated
2276:passed the
2202:paternalism
2006:war leaders
1849:Great Basin
1577:Nationalism
1265:Arikara War
1255:War of 1812
1220:Yamasee War
1205:Esopus Wars
1195:Kieft's War
1180:Beaver Wars
978:Dawes Rolls
503:Spiral case
331:Enslavement
277:Gukurahundi
85:Death march
80:Attack type
15163:Categories
15009:(SSBN-619)
14883:Force Bill
14828:Hard money
14758:Presidency
14374:California
14272:Pretendian
13823:Cayuse War
13699:Pequot War
13547:gravesites
13140:Washington
13060:New Mexico
13055:New Jersey
12930:California
12425:Journalism
12377:Corruption
12356:Government
12307:Demography
12294:Newspapers
12143:Sandy Hook
12046:Waco siege
11954:Reagan era
11860:Space Race
11793:Korean War
11734:home front
11566:Gilded Age
11534:Amendments
10914:Oka Crisis
10597:Two-spirit
10322:ecological
10252:Indigenous
9871:Riga trial
9722:Prevention
9667:Indigenous
9582:Incitement
9450:Gendercide
9411:Classicide
9404:Politicide
9365:Gaza Strip
9140:East Timor
9111:Bangladesh
9071:Guatemalan
8992:Sook Ching
8888:La Matanza
8612:California
8324:Bar Kokhba
8084:New Echota
7994:Greenville
7863:Lewis Cass
7479:038523953X
7463:Ehle, John
7034:0803287348
5244:Collection
4340:Monticello
3497:0803287348
3339:August 19,
3127:1832β1842
3099:1836β1838
3071:1837β1847
3060:Chickasaw
3039:1834β1837
3007:1831β1836
2898:Black Hawk
2886:Potawatomi
2867:forced out
2863:Potawatomi
2750:Washington
2748:, and the
2722:Everglades
2551:Pushmataha
2532:See also:
2293:President
2175:revolution
1907:California
1320:Cayuse War
1190:Pequot War
1138:Literature
472:La Matanza
427:Pequot War
346:Plan Verde
313:Americas (
214:conversion
14893:Pet banks
14657:Creek War
14521:Massacres
14477:musicians
14441:Wisconsin
14404:Baltimore
14314:Languages
14196:Land Back
14103:Sun Dance
13769:Creek War
13465:ownership
13150:Wisconsin
13115:Tennessee
13020:Minnesota
12995:Louisiana
12889:The South
12460:Air Force
12335:Education
12197:recession
12153:Las Vegas
12061:Columbine
12018:1991β2008
11946:1980β1991
11847:1964β1980
11758:1945β1964
11712:Dust Bowl
11640:1917β1945
11521:1865β1917
11499:Civil War
11492:Secession
11437:1849β1865
11360:1815β1849
11331:Quasi-War
11308:1789β1815
11228:1776β1789
11181:Sugar Act
10565:Rancherie
10560:RancherΓa
10535:Bantustan
10476:Biopiracy
10305:in Canada
9660:Cambodian
9653:Holodomor
9545:Massacres
9429:Ethnocide
9418:Eliticide
9148:Cambodian
8896:Holodomor
8790:Armenians
8782:Assyrians
8555:Black War
8443:Huguenots
8326:(132β136)
8309:(50s BCE)
8293:(146 BCE)
8261:Genocides
8124:Landbases
7582:March 19,
7471:Doubleday
7446:165404949
7280:April 14,
7239:April 14,
7226:Green Bag
7097:cite book
6527:0749-6427
6513:(1): 65.
5767:Wild West
5216:cite book
4689:March 12,
3465:cite book
3422:April 18,
3294:Dawes Act
3192:Old South
3116:Seminole
3088:Cherokee
3051:Unknown (
2876:Bands of
2803:Aftermath
2794:Chickasaw
2771:lightwood
2578:Chickasaw
2559:Chickasaw
2380:civilized
2177:, in the
2148:Chickasaw
2142:(Creek),
2011:musicians
1967:Wisconsin
1879:Southwest
1840:by region
1833:Geography
1757:Languages
1664:Sun Dance
1649:Mormonism
1260:Creek War
688:Black War
567:Manchukuo
63:1830β1847
15147:Category
15071:(nephew)
14811:Bank War
14534:Category
14504:by state
14436:Virginia
14426:Oklahoma
14416:Nebraska
14411:Michigan
14399:Maryland
14379:Colorado
14098:Smudging
14066:Religion
13857:Yuma War
13445:Genocide
13321:Category
13135:Virginia
13085:Oklahoma
13065:New York
13040:Nebraska
13030:Missouri
13015:Michigan
13005:Maryland
12990:Kentucky
12970:Illinois
12945:Delaware
12935:Colorado
12925:Arkansas
12804:Lesbians
12778:Comanche
12773:Cherokee
12566:Medicine
12524:Genocide
12517:Religion
12439:Military
12412:Taxation
12362:Abortion
12278:Cultural
12158:Parkland
12088:Iraq War
12026:Gulf War
11798:Ivy Mike
11717:New Deal
11093:Colonial
11038:Timeline
10525:Homeland
10436:more ...
10290:Language
9625:Armenian
9492:Domicide
9471:Policide
9443:Eugenics
9388:Democide
9357:Rohingya
9008:Volhynia
8832:Cossacks
8678:Selk'nam
8540:Chechens
8532:Dzungars
8459:Lameyans
8451:Kalinago
8421:(1500sβ)
8380:Guanches
8315:Eburones
8301:(88 BCE)
8253:Genocide
7630:Archived
7618:Archived
7576:Archived
7524:(1975).
7513:July 22,
7507:Archived
7465:(1988).
7438:26478057
7391:(2020).
7271:Archived
7230:Archived
7039:Archived
6997:Archived
6968:Archived
6881:73-80708
6641:March 8,
6436:July 20,
5878:July 18,
5783:Archived
5618:July 14,
5609:Archived
5293:March 8,
5206:March 7,
5200:39804148
5125:Archived
4728:July 16,
4521:July 16,
4515:Archived
4462:July 16,
4456:Archived
4350:July 13,
4344:Archived
4314:Archived
4289:July 14,
4283:Archived
4101:July 14,
4095:Archived
4053:July 15,
4023:July 15,
4017:Archived
3939:March 8,
3933:Archived
3825:Archived
3812:March 7,
3806:Archived
3738:Archived
3649:March 8,
3555:Archived
3502:Archived
3416:Archived
3363:genocide
3330:Archived
3269:Land run
3227:See also
3196:Oklahoma
3167:genocide
3133:250β500
3080:500β800
2996:Choctaw
2894:Meskwaki
2851:Kickapoo
2820:Removals
2786:β
2710:Seminole
2704:Seminole
2658:Cherokee
2642:Cherokee
2594:Cherokee
2590:Seminole
2567:Oklahoma
2547:Sequoyah
2459:Arkansaw
2326:(1785),
2256:Iroquois
2210:genocide
2144:Seminole
2140:Muscogee
2136:Cherokee
2117:genocide
2113:Oklahoma
2083:was the
1962:Virginia
1952:Oklahoma
1942:Nebraska
1937:Michigan
1932:Maryland
1912:Colorado
1888:by state
1627:Religion
1354:Yuma War
933:Genocide
652:Vergonha
234:Genocide
178:Genocide
169:a series
167:Part of
97:genocide
52:Location
15102:Gilbert
14998:Jackson
14487:writers
14462:artists
14384:Florida
14369:Arizona
14321:English
13671:Pow wow
13651:Fashion
13583:Culture
13460:Slavery
13382:History
13155:Wyoming
13130:Vermont
13035:Montana
12975:Indiana
12955:Georgia
12950:Florida
12920:Arizona
12910:Alabama
12877:Regions
12799:Gay men
12571:Railway
12531:Slavery
12327:Banking
12321:Economy
12163:El Paso
12148:Orlando
11882:DΓ©tente
11043:Outline
10696:Taiwan
10671:Russia
10651:Mexico
10641:Canada
10631:Brazil
10498:Redface
10327:medical
10189:(2023β)
10181:(2022β)
10173:(2022β)
10157:(2019β)
10149:(2012β)
10141:(2005β)
9646:Rwandan
9639:Bosnian
9632:Serbian
9559:Pogroms
9502:Methods
9367:(2023β)
9359:(2017β)
9351:(2014β)
9343:(2014β)
9333:Yazidis
9302:(2003β)
9253:Rwandan
9236:Bosnian
9228:Ahwaris
9222:(1990β)
9190:(1985β)
9118:Burundi
8880:Kazakhs
8670:Hazaras
8656:(1860s)
8646:Manchus
8638:Moriori
8630:CharrΓΊa
8534:(1750s)
8498:Beothuk
8467:Pequots
8429:(1500β)
8372:Assyria
8356:Cathars
8066:Cusseta
7603:excerpt
7601:(2018)
7572:1844855
7317:1904204
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4809:2712531
4715:adl.org
3328:: 565.
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3018:cholera
3010:15,000
2970:Nation
2950:Buffalo
2925:Senecas
2919:In the
2908:. The
2878:Shawnee
2857:, were
2855:Shawnee
2754:Alabama
2714:Florida
2697:Georgia
2606:Choctaw
2600:Choctaw
2582:Choctaw
2555:Osceola
2428:people.
2320:In his
2169:during
2152:Choctaw
1996:artists
1917:Florida
1902:Arizona
1764:English
1143:Fashion
1113:Pow wow
1070:Culture
938:Slavery
872:History
666:Oceania
316:history
300:Mfecane
195:Ecocide
15085:Slaves
15035:(wife)
15026:Family
15000:(1832)
14964:(1958)
14956:(1938)
14614:(1821)
14539:Portal
14467:actors
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14389:Hawaii
14364:Alaska
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12985:Kansas
12960:Hawaii
12915:Alaska
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12168:Uvalde
12138:Aurora
12133:Tucson
11057:Events
10922:Canada
10837:2024:
10831:2023:
10825:2018:
10815:2010:
10809:2007:
10803:1992:
10797:1989:
10768:bodies
10723:bodies
10615:bodies
10447:Issues
10263:Rights
10205:(2024)
10038:(1946)
10022:(1945)
9993:(1994)
9985:(1986)
9945:(1961)
9929:(1958)
9921:(1949)
9873:(1946)
9801:(1943)
9793:(1943)
9677:Issues
9600:Denial
9300:Darfur
9255:(1994)
9220:Amhara
9166:(1982)
9113:(1971)
9095:Biafra
9089:(1966)
9081:(1964)
9057:(1948)
8994:(1942)
8930:(1937)
8906:(1933)
8890:(1932)
8858:(1924)
8850:(1923)
8816:Kyrgyz
8800:(1915)
8776:(1913)
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8640:(1835)
8632:(1831)
8622:(1864)
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7434:JSTOR
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