553:'s national team eligibility rules are broadly similar to those of FIFA. Holding nationality is mandatory (but not sufficient) for eligibility to represent a country. Players with multiple nationalities may choose to play for one of those countries at any age by making a written request to FIBA. However, if the player has yet to make a choice and one of those countries formally calls the player to international duty after they reach age 18, that player is required to make a choice at that time. As in association football, playing in an international friendly cannot tie a player to any country; only participation in an official FIBA competition is sufficient for this purpose.
25:
1817:
842:
287:. One is that the country is relatively small, population 8 million, and the expense of travel around the world to follow their team is too great for most. Another reason is that, because 75% of the professionals in the PNGL are not national citizens and therefore only eligible to play for their home country's national team, the
636:
who has previously represented an ICC associate member is seeking to play for an ICC full member (i.e., a Test-playing nation), in which case there is no stand-down period. The player may represent their original country after representing the second country, but only after the full three-year stand-down period.
635:
Unlike many sports, which make changes of nationality difficult or impossible, cricket allows players to represent more than one country during their careers. However, a player is limited to representing two countries in their lifetime, and a three-year stand-down period is enforced—unless the player
658:
Residing in the country for a set period of time prior to their first appearance for that country. The required period was most recently expanded from three years to five years effective 31 December 2020. The five-year rule affects players who moved to a new country after 31 December 2017 and cannot
646:
Unlike the situation in association football and basketball, in which holding nationality in a country is a requirement for representing that country, or cricket, in which nationality is one of several means by which a player can qualify for a national team, eligibility regulations in rugby union do
509:
This last rule is intended to prevent associations from naturalising players who lack birth or familial ties in that country, and immediately fielding them in international matches. FIFA will issue waivers to this last requirement if an association can show to FIFA's satisfaction that the player had
291:
is not as successful internationally. Therefore, because the national league is inner territorial and more accessible to residents of Papua New Guinea and because spectators feel more invested and closer to their national town clubs, explains why a country's national sport's
National Team may not be
556:
Unlike association football, FIBA does not have a "grandparent rule" for most players. The method by which a player obtains citizenship is irrelevant to national team eligibility, as long as it has been legally acquired. The only use of the grandparent rule is to determine a player's eligibility to
494:
Players who have more than one nationality, regardless of the method of acquisition, have slightly different eligibility requirements from those who have a single nationality, whether or not it is shared by multiple associations. In addition to holding the relevant nationality, any of the following
825:
countries were accused of having an advantage by having state-sponsored "full-time amateurs" because of their economic system. Their
Olympic athletes were given everything they needed to live prosperously and train, but were not technically paid to do it because it was sponsored by the state. With
747:
A union's senior national sevens team. No player can be captured by playing on a senior sevens team before turning 18 under any circumstances; before 2022, capture in this manner prior to age 20 was impossible unless the player participated in the
Olympics or Rugby World Cup Sevens after turning
575:
While the method by which a player becomes a citizen does not affect their eligibility for a national team, it can affect the player's ability to participate in a given FIBA competition. FIBA mandates that in official competitions, no national team can have more than one player on its roster who
367:
However, how even the competition is also matters. Even if there are a large number of participants, if a handful of teams dominate or if many of the teams are from countries where the sport lack sufficient depth to field a quality side, then the overall competition will not be taken seriously.
654:
Having a parent or grandparent born in that country. Note that unlike FIFA, which defines "parent" and "grandparent" to include only blood relations, World Rugby replaces blood relations with adoptive relations if the player has been legally adopted under the laws of the relevant country. This
727:
A union's "next senior" 15-a-side national team. Each union may, but is not required to, designate one of its teams as the "next senior" team. This side is usually designated as an "A" national team, though a number of nations have special brand names for their "next senior" side, such as
486:
Players become permanently tied to a national association, with one exception to be outlined below, once they play in "an official competition of any category or any type of football". This includes any competition for national teams governed by FIFA, including qualifying matches for said
703:
Effective 1 January 2022, a change to the World Rugby eligibility rules will allow a one-time change of nationality for captured players that applies to both 15s and sevens, replacing the former provisions regarding change of nationality for
Olympic sevens. Features of the new rules are:
462:
However, FIFA allows associations that share a common nationality to make an agreement among themselves, subject to FIFA approval, by which the residency criterion is deleted completely or amended to require a longer time limit. The most notable example of this situation is the
807:
In other cases, players may be contracted to a club, at home or abroad. As a result, their primary loyalty may be to their club rather than their country, especially if the competition that the national team is playing in does not offer the same prestige.
183:
National teams often compete at various levels and age groups, and have a number of different selection criteria based on national and their respective federations' rules. National teams are not always composed of the best available individual players.
533:
international match for any country, and holds the nationality of the second country prior to appearing for said country. The aforementioned
Zelalem case falls within the scope of these rules, since he had played for Germany at youth level.
327:
The popularity of the international competition that a team participates in has the biggest influence on the popularity of national sports team. There is a certain amount of prestige which is associated with competing on the "world stage".
187:
National teams, like other sporting teams, are often grouped by sex, age or other criteria. The most prestigious national teams are often the senior men's and women's teams. However, they may not be the most popular or successful.
1249:
778:, for which he qualified by ancestry. Even though the 2016 match involved two national "A" sides, it did not qualify to capture Haley (or any other player on either team who had not previously been captured) because at the time,
687:
The player had not represented the capturing country for three years at the time of their first appearance for the second country. Special rules in place only for the 2016 Olympic qualifying process shortened this period to 18
719:
As for the concept of "capturing"—i.e., being tied to a specific country—the criteria have evolved over the years. Under current World Rugby regulations, a player is captured once they play for one of three specific teams:
168:. However, it can be applied to groups of individuals representing a country where regular play is done by individuals, and individual scores are aggregated to a get a team result. Examples of this association are found in
744:(New Zealand). Notably, many unions have not designated a "next senior" women's team. Prior to 1 January 2018, a union could designate its under-20 national side as its "next senior" team, but this is no longer allowed.
682:
different eligibility criteria. Players who had been "captured" by one country but held the passport of another country could make a one-time change of allegiance to the second country under the following conditions:
673:
Through 2021, if a player has ever played for one national team then they may not play for the team of a different nation at same or at the next-higher level of seniority. However, the addition of rugby sevens to the
439:
regulations, a player primarily qualifies for a national team by "holding a permanent nationality that is not dependent on residence in a certain country"—i.e., being a passport-carrying citizen of said country.
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The player must have a birthright connection to the new country—either by the player's own birth, or that of a parent or grandparent. (The rule that replaces biological parents with adoptive parents remains in
443:
If a player's single nationality enables him or her to play for more than one FIFA member, any of the following will be sufficient to establish eligibility for a specific association under that nationality:
793:. More recently, questions have been raised about the eligibility of two players who participated in the European qualifying process for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, one for Belgium and the other for Romania.
331:
Competitions with the most teams involved offer the most international competition and are often most popular. The most popular multi-sport international competitions that include team sports include the
1279:
620:
Players can only be tied to a given national team by being named to that country's squad, either in the first XI or as a substitute (playing or non-playing), in an official ICC match—defined as a
275:
but it does not always mean their national team is the most popular. Also, the national team's own league may be popular but the international competition it competes in is not. For example, the
804:
In some cases, players are either deliberately excluded or choose not to represent their national team on the basis of not being remunerated. This can affect the relative performance of a team.
319:
A particular sport in a country may be more popular among certain groups. For example, a women's team may be more popular than a men's team if there is a greater participation in the sport.
514:, a German-born player of Ethiopian descent who has represented the U.S. at under-23 level. He emigrated with his father to the U.S. at age 9 in 2006, and left the country at age 16 to join
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Completion of 10 years of cumulative residency in the country, regardless of whether any of the other criteria have been met. This particular criterion went into effect in May 2017.
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1309:
1204:
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1131:
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Note that unlike association football or basketball, players can be captured by appearing in international friendlies, such as the traditional mid-year and end-of-year Tests.
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has required French nationality as a precondition for national team selection, with players who had represented France before the policy change exempt from said requirement.
526:
applied for a waiver of the adult residency requirement, citing
Zelalem's extended childhood residence in the U.S. He was approved to play for the U.S. several months later.
1012:
529:
Separate from the above rules, a player who holds multiple nationalities may petition FIFA for a one-time change of nationality if they have never appeared in an official
576:
acquired citizenship by any means after reaching age 16. This also applies to individuals who had the right to a second nationality at birth (such as individuals born in
632:
match that involves a national federation's senior side. Playing at under-19 level, or for a senior developmental team, does not bind an individual to that country.
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In some national teams, representatives play for the love of their sport and country. However, in others, individual players are paid to represent their country.
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In many countries, the national team is the highest level of play available and as a result, it is often most popular with fans and spectators from that country.
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This does not prevent a national union from requiring that its representative players hold that country's nationality. For example, since
December 2016, the
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Popularity of a national team also depends on the popularity of the sport in that country. In some countries a particular sport is very popular and may be a
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Depending on the sport, nation, and era in question, membership on the national team may be earned through individual play (as is the case for an
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provide three qualifying criteria for prospective national team players, all linked to the country governed by a specific national federation:
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and its influence, Western countries demanded to allow professionals to compete at the
Olympics and the current status quo came into order.
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in seasons immediately preceding the Summer
Olympics, which double as Olympic qualifiers, plus regional Olympic qualifying tournaments.
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The popularity of a national team can also be due to a team being successful even if the sport itself is not popular in a country.
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279:(PNGL) is extremely popular because the sport is popular in the country, even though the highest competition it competes in - the
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361:
61:
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and
Northern Ireland in rugby union, and all-island teams are fielded in a number of other sports. Some Olympic teams represent
1821:
789:
Various controversies have involved the participation of players whose eligibility has been challenged. One famous example was
729:
240:
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Starting in 2022, players will be captured if they are members of any of the country's aforementioned sides after turning 18.
42:
1656:
295:
The exact opposite may be true as well where the national team is more popular than its respective league. For example, the
68:
696:
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786:. As for the 2017 match, WR classifies the Barbarians as a club team, putting them outside the scope of this regulation.
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407:, or a team may have to win a national championship in order to receive the right to represent their nation (as in the
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In other countries, domestic competitions may be more competitive and offer a higher standard of play and reward.
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replacement also applies if the player was not adopted, but one or both of the birth parents had been adopted.
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represent the national team of a country's dependent territory, with two notable examples being those of
408:
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The player represented their new country in four Olympic qualifying events. This included events in the
1241:"Football, cricket, rugby league and rugby union - how England's teams compare for foreign-born talent"
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significant ties to that country prior to naturalisation. A recent example of such a waiver is that of
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are relatively open for participation. Other competitions that are specific to sports, such as the
1168:"Regulation III, Article 6: Nationality entitling players to represent more than one association".
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in 2017. However, neither match tied him to England, and he has remained eligible for selection to
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468:
283:- is not. In this case, there are numerous reasons for the lack of popularity of the World cup in
82:
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35:
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with their own national federations, and whose native-born residents are US citizens by birth.
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not mention nationality at all. Players can qualify for a given country in one of four ways:
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157:
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Two years of continuous residence in said territory at the time of their first appearance.
8:
950:
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247:. The Iroquois Nationals (men) and Haudenosaunee Nationals (women) lacrosse teams of the
232:
228:
169:
146:
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is heightened during the FIFA World Cup simply due to participation in a global event.
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741:
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Various rules are used to determine who is eligible to play for which national team.
353:
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is not extremely popular because handball is not a popular sport in Korea. But the
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204:
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The popularity and notability of a national team depend on a number of factors:
771:
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488:
464:
341:
272:
177:
1272:"Gedion Zelalem currently ineligible but United States can get FIFA exception"
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847:
762:. This can sometimes cause apparently counterintuitive results. For example,
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396:
333:
304:
216:
196:
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621:
569:
515:
1682:"World Rugby approves birthright amendment for players to transfer unions"
1621:
640:
558:
337:
142:
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A 36-month "stand-down" period from any international rugby is enforced.
403:
team), players may be selected by a managers and coaches appointed by a
790:
538:
360:) allow many countries to qualify. For instance, the popularity of the
195:, though there are some exceptions to the rule. In several sports, the
165:
153:
889:
In the context of cricket, "national team" includes teams such as the
1649:"France rugby team to stop selecting 'foreign' players, says Laporte"
1073:"Regulation 8. Eligibility to play for national representative teams"
822:
400:
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from birth), but did not exercise that right until age 16 or later.
24:
629:
208:
596:
357:
200:
173:
161:
1569:
The International Cricket Council Player Eligibility Regulations
1542:
The International Cricket Council Player Eligibility Regulations
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Also, the change of nationality must be approved by World Rugby.
1816:
1203:"Regulation III, Article 7: Acquisition of a new nationality".
766:
has represented England twice—first for England Saxons against
518:
youth academy. In 2014, he automatically became a U.S. citizen
138:
448:
Birth "on the territory governed by the relevant association."
893:, which encompasses several countries and territories in the
505:
Five years of residence in that country after turning age 18.
212:
502:
Birth of a biological parent or grandparent in that country.
1765:"Soviet Control of Sports Activities and Sports Propaganda"
1099:"Stardom at last for Korea's desperate handball housewives"
550:
436:
134:
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in 2016, and then for a non-capped England XV against the
760:
when the opponent is also one of the above-mentioned sides
191:
In most cases, a national sports team represents a single
1708:"The Role of Sports in The Soviet Union - Guided History"
491:
cannot tie players to a country under any circumstances.
467:, which has four national associations on its territory (
390:
303:
is popular because it internationally wins medals in the
215:
are represented by separate national teams, while in the
1789:"Soviet Sports as an Instrument of Political Propaganda"
1509:
FIBA Internal Regulations, Book 3: Players and Officials
1474:
FIBA Internal Regulations, Book 3: Players and Officials
1439:
FIBA Internal Regulations, Book 3: Players and Officials
1404:
FIBA Internal Regulations, Book 3: Players and Officials
1369:
FIBA Internal Regulations, Book 3: Players and Officials
371:
1302:"Gedion Zelalem makes U.S. debut in under-20 friendly"
1039:"Harnessing Papua New Guinea's rugby league obsession"
1331:"Regulation III, Article 8: Change of association".
837:
1617:"What are rugby's international eligibility rules?"
818:
Olympic Games § Amateurism and professionalism
379:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1123:
495:will qualify a player to appear for said country:
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613:Nationality, defined as holding a valid passport.
1829:
1684:(Press release). World Rugby. 24 November 2021.
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522:when his father became a U.S. citizen, and the
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1603:
1340:. FIFA. April 2016. p. 71. Archived from
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1212:. FIFA. April 2016. p. 71. Archived from
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1177:. FIFA. April 2016. p. 70. Archived from
1139:. FIFA. April 2016. p. 70. Archived from
251:are the only teams representing any group of
1158:
1009:"Professional Team Sports | Encyclopedia.com"
1506:"Article 3-21: National Status of Players".
1471:"Article 3-26: National Status of Players".
1436:"Article 3-18: National Status of Players".
1401:"Article 3-17: National Status of Players".
1366:"Article 3-15: National Status of Players".
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277:Papua New Guinea national rugby league team
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980:"A History of Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse"
152:The term is most commonly associated with
724:A union's 15-a-side senior national team.
520:outside the normal naturalisation process
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1671:
1544:, 7 May 2018. Downloadable from the ICC
1130:"Regulation III, Article 5: Principle".
16:Team that represents a nation in a sport
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922:"The Most Popular Sports in the World"
391:Individual selection and participation
255:that plays in an international level.
1582:"Regulation 8 Explanatory Guidelines"
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1659:from the original on 28 October 2021
1522:from the original on 13 October 2017
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1452:from the original on 13 October 2017
1417:from the original on 13 October 2017
1382:from the original on 13 October 2017
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451:The birth of a biological parent or
372:Competitiveness or success of a team
292:the most popular team in said area.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1801:from the original on 13 April 2021.
1777:from the original on 13 April 2021.
1753:from the original on 13 April 2021.
1312:from the original on March 15, 2016
616:Three years of permanent residence.
199:divides along internal boundaries:
13:
1238:Johnson, Daniel (2 October 2013).
782:designated "next senior" side was
249:First Nations Lacrosse Association
14:
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1282:from the original on 29 June 2018
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911:
697:World Rugby Women's Sevens Series
253:Indigenous people of the Americas
225:Ireland national rugby union team
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1588:from the original on 15 May 2018
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380:Strength of domestic competition
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1015:from the original on 2019-08-13
990:from the original on 2018-12-31
961:from the original on 2019-07-12
932:from the original on 2018-08-17
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524:United States Soccer Federation
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297:Korean National Handball League
34:needs additional citations for
1584:. World Rugby. 21 April 2016.
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797:Professionalism vs. amateurism
678:created a loophole due to the
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580:, who are generally born with
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289:Papua New Guinea National Team
1:
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758:However, capture only occurs
604:International Cricket Council
602:The eligibility rules of the
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323:Popularity of the competition
158:association football (soccer)
951:"KS3 History - BBC Bitesize"
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826:the decline and fall of the
267:Popularity and participation
7:
984:Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse
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409:World Curling Championships
141:, rather than a particular
10:
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895:English-speaking Caribbean
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659:qualify by another method.
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405:national sport association
301:South Korean National Team
866:Test match (rugby league)
693:World Rugby Sevens Series
259:Popularity and notability
891:West Indies cricket team
861:Test match (rugby union)
489:international friendlies
668:French Rugby Federation
219:they combine to form a
1515:. FIBA. 17 June 2018.
1480:. FIBA. 17 June 2018.
1445:. FIBA. 17 June 2018.
1410:. FIBA. 17 June 2018.
1375:. FIBA. 17 June 2018.
784:its U-20 national team
588:to citizenship in the
546:FIBA eligibility rules
499:Birth in that country.
431:FIFA eligibility rules
281:Rugby League World Cup
241:British Virgin Islands
58:"National sports team"
1838:National sports teams
1822:National sports teams
1043:www.lowyinstitute.org
856:International cricket
651:Birth in the country.
233:dependent territories
125:(commonly known as a
1824:at Wikimedia Commons
1655:. 21 December 2016.
871:Test match (netball)
424:Association football
399:athletics team or a
346:Association football
123:national sports team
43:improve this article
1278:. 27 January 2015.
590:Republic of Ireland
229:Republic of Ireland
170:artistic gymnastics
147:international sport
1551:2019-12-06 at the
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455:in said territory.
352:(rugby union) and
137:that represents a
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36:verification
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1744:www.cia.gov
1692:30 November
1622:Rugby World
1456:9 September
955:www.bbc.com
812:Controversy
641:Rugby union
559:Puerto Rico
453:grandparent
415:Eligibility
338:Asian Games
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1832:Categories
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1019:2019-08-13
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936:2019-07-12
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905:References
816:See also:
791:Grannygate
772:Barbarians
764:Mike Haley
539:Basketball
223:team. The
166:basketball
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