294:, the first national newspaper published by and for African American women, Cook reported a few accomplishments of the league. These included: hosting a series of public lectures for girls at local high schools and Howard University, raising $ 1,935 towards a home for the league, creating classes for German, English Literature, and hygiene, and establishing a sewing school and mending bureau with 88 students and ten teachers. Mary Church Terrell also provided updates about the CWL's efforts to this newspaper. According to historian
325:, the president of the National Federation of Afro-American Women and Helen A. Cook began making plans to discuss consolidating their two organizations. After the merger of the Colored Women's League and the National Federation of Afro-American Women, Mary Church Terrell was named the first president of the newly formed National Association of Colored Women.
350:
Many members of the league, especially those in leadership positions, had high social standings. In fact, some even called members of the league "female aristocrats of color". Therefore, the league faced several critiques. Some argued that the ideology of racial uplift was classist. Nevertheless, the
341:
After the creation of the NACW, the contest for leadership of the national organization created another short rivalry. Each organization was represented by seven delegates in the election process, so ties of 7-7 made the voting process difficult. Eventually, at the age of thirty-three and pregnant,
320:
appeal to protect the reputation of black women influenced the political agenda of the CWL. Ruffin's appeal was composed in response to an editorial published by a
Southern white journalist, in which the author ridiculed the moral character of black women. To combat the widespread influence of
333:
Both organizations, the
Colored Women's League and the Federation of Afro-American Women, had similar objectives in mind: advancing the conditions for black women, children, and underprivileged. However, prior to merging, these organizations did not always see eye-to-eye. The biggest factor
334:
contributing to this rivalry was the debate about which organization was the first to be officially recognized as a national organization. Mary Church
Terrell, the first president of the NACW, explains that "although the CWL was the first to
315:
published opinions about the merge in their newspapers. The
Colored Women's League initially declined to join the National Federation of Afro-American Women because President Cook did not have the authority to commit the league. However,
374:
To collect all facts obtainable to show the "moral, intellectual, industrial and social growth and attainments of our people, to foster unity of purpose, to consider and determine methods which will promote the interests of colored people
288:. Helen Appo Cook was elected the first president. The Colored Women's League was a coalition of 113 organizations, and the goal of national unity was at the forefront of the club's objectives. In a letter written in 1894 to
310:
was formed as a result of the merging of the
Colored Women's League and the Federation of Afro-American Women. The merging of the two organizations was publicly debated in the black community. Many newspapers, including the
359:
On July 21, 1896, the
Colored Women’s League merged with the National Federation of Afro-American Women to form the National League of Colored Women. The new organization was created in Washington D.C. where
542:
Progress of a race, or, The remarkable advancement of the Afro-American Negro from the bondage of slavery, ignorace, and poverty to the freedom of citizenship, intelligence, afflunce, honor and trust
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there should be a national organization," the first organization of black women to actually assemble nationally was the
National Federation of Afro-American Women.
731:
516:
721:
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success of the CWL inspired other black women to become aware of the possibility of creating a united front for themselves and created their own clubs.
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was elected as its first president. It extended the
Colored Women's League's objectives to a national agenda for uplifting black women, as follows:
256:, met together to discuss creating a club devoted to improving the conditions of black children, women and the urban poor. Some of these women were
17:
232:
as president. The primary mission of this organization was the national union of colored women. In 1896, the
Colored Women's League and the
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Although the primary goal of the CWL was national unity for colored women, this goal was not reached until July 21, 1896 when the
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47:
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Brooks, Robin (2018-08-18). "Looking to
Foremothers for Strength: A Brief Biography of the Colored Woman's League".
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Giles, Mark S. (2006). "Special Focus: Dr. Anna Julia Cooper, 1858-1964: Teacher, Scholar, and Timeless Womanist".
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Jones, Beverly W. (1982). "Mary Church Terrell and the National Association of Colored Women, 1896 to 1901".
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298:, this organization had the largest membership of any African American women's club in the country.
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517:"EWWRP : Women's Advocacy Collection : The Woman's Era, Volume 1 : Club News 0"
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Mary Church Terrell of the Colored Women's League was named the first president of the NACW.
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591:"The Founding and Early Years of the National Association of Colored Women"
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To teach evening classes in literature, language, and other subjects.
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667:
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450:"Colored Woman's National League. A Member of The National Council"
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Lerner, Gerda (1974). "Early Community Work of Black Club Women".
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To improve conditions of black women locally and nationally.
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In June 1892, a group of several prominent black women in
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378:To create a kindergarten for the black community.
27:African-American woman's club in Washington, D.C.
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732:African-American history of Washington, D.C.
521:womenwriters.digitalscholarship.emory.edu
702:Readex: America's Historical Newspapers
571:Readex: America's Historical Newspapers
454:Readex: America's Historical Newspapers
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722:African-American women's organizations
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540:Kletzing, H. F; Crogman, W. H (1987).
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321:negative stereotypes of black women,
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48:National Association of Colored Women
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478:The Journal of Negro Education
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425:10.1080/00497878.2018.1492407
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318:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin's
656:The Journal of Negro History
613:The Journal of Negro History
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59:; 132 years ago
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323:Margaret Murray Washington
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31:Colored Women's League
727:Women in Washington, D.C.
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244:as the first president.
296:Fannie Barrier Williams
274:Charlotte Forten Grimké
131:; 128 years ago
99:Charlotte Forten Grimké
226:African-American women
210:Colored Women's League
381:To educate the youth.
286:Jane Eleanor Datcher
114:Jane Eleanor Datcher
589:Tepedino, Therese.
362:Mary Church Terrell
313:Leavenworth Herald,
278:Mary Jane Patterson
266:Mary Church Terrell
242:Mary Church Terrell
236:merged to form the
228:in June 1892, with
104:Mary Jane Patterson
89:Mary Church Terrell
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129:July 21, 1896
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192:113 organizations
16:(Redirected from
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573:. June 20, 1896.
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704:. May 2, 1896.
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619:(1): 20–33.
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270:Ida B. Wells
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222:woman's club
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188:Membership
151:Woman's club
94:Ida B. Wells
36:Abbreviation
567:"Two Calls"
282:Evelyn Shaw
109:Evelyn Shaw
716:Categories
595:PDXScholar
550:1013367734
526:2019-12-09
389:References
136:1896-07-21
676:0022-2992
633:0022-2992
490:0022-2984
433:0049-7878
346:Criticism
329:Rivalries
198:President
156:coalition
126:Dissolved
54:Formation
498:40034662
220:, was a
165:Location
72:Founders
684:2717327
641:2717758
336:suggest
302:Mergers
248:History
240:, with
134: (
64:1892-06
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284:, and
118:others
680:JSTOR
637:JSTOR
494:JSTOR
216:) of
672:ISSN
629:ISSN
546:OCLC
486:ISSN
429:ISSN
208:The
178:U.S.
144:Type
664:doi
621:doi
421:doi
214:CWL
39:CWL
718::
700:.
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660:59
658:.
635:.
627:.
617:67
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