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after their arrest, and an additional 90 killed by politically motivated private citizens. The report also was unable to come to a decision for 614 cases, and there were an additional 508 cases in which the nature of the violation did not fit the commission's mandate. The commission found that the majority of the human rights violations were conducted in a sophisticated and systematic fashion in the years directly after
Pinochet took power. The majority of the violations were perpetrated by the
39:
211:. Three condemned agents died and six agents got conditional sentences. 350 cases, pertaining to disappeared persons, illegal detainees and torture, remain open. There are 700 military and civilian persons involved in these cases. While some perpetrators have been convicted, prosecution has been difficult due to an amnesty law passed by the military regime in 1978 giving full legal protection to any individual implicated in human rights violations between 1973 and 1978.
31:
171:
80:, which began on September 11, 1973 and ended on March 11, 1990. The report found that over 2,000 people had been killed for political reasons, and dozens of military personnel have been convicted of human rights abuses. In addition, many reforms have been made based on the recommendations of the report including an official reparations department.
280:
Pinochet was also stripped of his parliamentary immunity in 2000, and was indicted by the
Chilean Supreme Court along with other officers for killings which occurred after the original coup in 1973. He was put under house arrest with new charges in 2004, and died under house arrest in December 2006.
258:
In a speech announcing the report's findings, President Aylwin apologized on behalf of the
Chilean government for the murders and disappearances detailed in the report, and asked the military to do the same. The Chilean military, still headed at the time by Pinochet, refused to apologize and much of
262:
The Rettig Report's listing of a disappeared person as deceased and the victim of a human rights violation created a legal determination of the victim's situation. That would give the surviving family members certain benefits such as making it possible for them to resolve property and inheritance
178:
The report determined that there were 2,115 victims of human rights violations and 164 victims of political violence between
September 11, 1973 and the end of the Pinochet regime on March 11, 1990. This breaks down further to 1,068 victims confirmed to have been killed, 957 people who disappeared
249:
Over time, many of these recommendations were put into place in Chile, although progress was slow due to a lack of a legislative majority from Aylwin's party, and the continued influence of the military in politics. One area where Aylwin was unable to make change was a failure to repeal the 1978
135:
The commission was given large amounts of resources and access to official documents to ensure thoroughness, and the report was finalized in
February 1991. One criticism of the report is that it only focused on politically motivated murders and disappearances that occurred while Pinochet was
800:
570:
Chavez-Segura, Alejandro. "Can Truth
Reconcile a Nation? Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Argentina and Chile: Lessons for Mexico." Latin American Policy, vol. 6, no. 2, 2015, pp. 226-239. OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center,
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claims, apply for social security and any reparation benefits, as well as impacting the marital status of spouses. This was made possible through the establishment of the "National
Corporation for Reparation and Reconciliation".
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88:
The
National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation, the eight-member committee that later wrote the Rettig Report, was set up shortly after Patricio Aylwin, Chile's first democratically elected president since
101:, a former Chilean senator and ambassador to Brazil under Allende. In order to show impartiality, the commission contained four members each from camps of supporters of the Pinochet regime, and opponents of it.
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369:
Vasallo, Mark (2002). "Truth and
Reconciliation Commissions: General Considerations and a Critical Comparison of the Commissions of Chile and El Salvador".
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On April 25, 1990, Aylwin issued
Supreme Decree No. 355, officially creating the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation with the following goals:
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The National Institute for Human Rights, a government agency that reports on human rights issues within Chile, was created in November 2009.
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dictator, and did not include other human rights violations. This issue was addressed in a second report commissioned in 2003 known as the
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The Chilean military was stripped of its political power with the elimination of the military dominated National Security Council in 2005.
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Other actions based on recommendations from the report that were eventually taken by later Chilean governments are:
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Weissbrodt, David; Fraser, Paul (1992). "Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation".
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As of May 2012, 76 agents had been condemned for violations of human rights and 67 were convicted: 36 in the
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To gather evidence to allow the creation of a list that identifies the victims' name, fate, and whereabouts
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human-rights-and-the-politics-of-agreements-chile-during-president-aylwins-first-year-july-1991-109-pp
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Creating a society in which the armed forces, the police, and the security forces respect human rights
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The report included the following recommendations to prevent future human rights violations in Chile:
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is the report from the second truth commission in Chile, considered to have continued Rettig's work.
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Ensalaco, Mark (1994). "Truth Commissions for Chile and El Salvador: A Report and Assessment".
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512:"Estudio revela que 76 son los agentes de la dictadura condenados por violaciones a DDHH"
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To create as complete a picture as possible of the most serious human rights violations
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Supreme Decree No. 355, creating the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation
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To recommend legal and administrative measures to prevent future violations
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The elimination in 1998 of the national holiday celebrating the 1973 coup.
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Raúl Rettig, chair of the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation
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the armed forces community openly questioned the validity of the report.
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1991 report by a Chilean truth commission documenting human rights abuses
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Political repression in Chile during the military government (1973–1990)
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587:(Complete list of Victims, Torture Centres and Criminals - in Spanish)
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The human rights violations in Chile were also looked at again in the
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Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation
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54:, is a 1991 report by a commission designated by Chilean President
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97:. In addition to the eight members, the committee was chaired by
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Modifying the national laws to match international standards of
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to work to protect citizens from future human rights violations
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abuses resulting in deaths or disappearances that occurred in
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The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report
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Protests in Chile regarding lasting impacts of Pinochet
183:(DINA), Chile's secret police force from 1973 to 1977.
593:(English translation of the Rettig report, PDF file)
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To recommend reparations for the families of victims
371:The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
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599:, Website with English translation of the report
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18:National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation
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303:List of truth and reconciliation commissions
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416:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1309-0234
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958:Presidency of Patricio Aylwin
948:Political repression in Chile
516:Chiliean Newspaper la Tercera
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310:was a sports arena used as a
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446:"Truth Commission: Chile 90"
318:center listed on the report.
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93:, took office following the
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860:United States of America
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106:Jaime Castillo Velasco
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897:Transitional justice
508:Agence France Presse
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122:José Zalaquett Daher
308:Víctor Jara Stadium
187:Legal Ramifications
144:Goals of the Report
130:Gonzalo Vial Correa
126:Ricardo Martin Díaz
118:Laura Novoa Vásquez
110:José Luis Cea Egaña
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241:Creating a
199:, 2 in the
197:Carabineros
99:Raúl Rettig
928:Dirty wars
912:Categories
864:Greensboro
676:Bangladesh
455:2019-11-06
351:References
84:Background
58:(from the
844:2005–2008
839:2001–2005
826:Sri Lanka
771:Mauritius
751:Guatemala
719:2003–2011
714:1990–1991
671:Argentina
383:0884-1756
312:detention
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70:Chile
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736:Fiji
696:Chad
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