415:
1822:
943:
141:
459:
120:
1828:
1833:
1854:
436:) longer than the cephalon, without any body segments in between. The body is narrowed at the articulation between cephalon and pygidium. The long many-segmented antennas are directed sideways. There are no eyes. The gut has a relatively large diameter (14-18% of the width of the body), and next to four pairs of large digestive sacs (or caeca). The cephalon has branched diverticula occupying most of the cephalon (unlike in
1840:
508:. On the other hand, the morphology of the digestive system has also been interpreted as representing a predatory habit. The large, paddle-shaped distal lobes and short lamellar setae on the exopods, the implanting of the antennas to the side, and the angle of the cephalon with the pygidium of up to 90° with which many specimen are found, all agree with a life of burrowing.
543:
Pygidium more than 1¾× as long as the cephalon; If the digestive system is visual, gut less than ⅛ of the width of the body, with four pairs of small bifurcating sacs of equal size reaching at most ⅓ of the width of the cephalon; Antennas implanted anteriorly. 25 pairs of biramous legs. Up to
104:
731:
891:
Caron, J.-B., D.M. Rudkin and S. Milliken. A new
Silurian (Pridolian) naraoiid (Euarthropoda: Nektaspida) from the Bertie Formation of Southern Ontario, Canada - Delayed fallout from the Cambrian explosion. Journal of Paleontology 78(6), pp. 1138-1145.
587:
Dominant spines are located at or slightly in front of the widest point of the pygidium and at the termination. ±17 pairs of biramous legs. Up to 4 cm in length. Known from the Middle
Cambrian Burgess Shale, Stephen Formation, British Columbia,
683:
Genal angle blunt, spines may be present. 19 pairs of biramous legs. Up to 4 cm in length. Know from the Middle
Cambrian Burgess Shale, the Early to Middle Cambrian of Idaho and Utah, and from the Early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale in
532:
Pygidium less than 1½× as long (along the axis) as the cephalon; If the digestive system is visual, gut more than ⅛ of the width of the body, with branched diverticula filling most of the cephalon; Antennas implanted laterally. → 2
634:
Anterior doublure broad, almost ¼× the length of the cephalon at midline; Pygidium terminates slightly pointed. Known from the late Upper
Silurian (Pridolian) Williamsville Member of the Bertie Formation of Southern Ontario,
747:
Chen, J.-Y., G.D. Edgecombe and L. Ramskjöld. Morphological and ecological disparity in naraoiids (Arthropoda) from the Early
Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna, China. Records of the Australian Museum 49(1), pp. 1-24. 1997
382:
was among the most populous of the
Burgess Shale animals), he discovered that the legs (and gills) of the beasts were very similar, if not identical to those of trilobites, thus the current placement of
606:
Dominant spines are located at the pygidial angle, the posterior border slightly concave. ±19 pairs of biramous legs. Up to 4½ cm in length. Known from the Lower
Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China.
903:
Peng, J., Y.L. Zhao and H.J. Sun. Discovery and significance of
Naraoia from the Qiandongian (lower Cambrian) Balang Formation, Eastern Guizhou, South China. Bulletin of Geosciences 87(2). 2012
446:
and trilobites. At least the anterior trunk limbs have exopods with large, paddle-shaped distal lobes and short flattened side branches (setae) on the shaft. The endopod (known only in
858:
Whittington, H.B. The Middle
Cambrian trilobite Naraoia, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B, 280, pp.409-443. 1977.
836:
L. Ramskold, J.-Y. Chen, G.D. Edgecombe, and G.-Q. Zhou ( 1996). Preservational folds simulating tergite junctions in tegopeltid and naraoiid arthropods. Lethaia 29:15-20.
914:
Robison, R.A. New occurrences of the unusual trilobite
Naraoia from the Cambrian of Idaho and Utah. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 112, pp.1-8. 1984.
374:, such was the difference between this and other trilobites. Its continuous shield hid most of its structure, interfering with proper classification. When
1331:
957:
428:
is almost flat (dorso-ventrally). The upper (or dorsal) side of the body consists of a non-calcified transversely oval or semi-circular headshield (
1376:
1157:
730:
Walcott, C.D. Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata. In: Cambrian Geology and Paleontology II. Smithsonian. 1914.
1947:
1404:
1355:
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1567:
1459:
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1740:
1473:
1452:
1383:
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1249:
1141:
1487:
1431:
1339:
1271:
350:
The name is derived from Narao, the name of a group of small lakes in Cataract Brook canyon, above Hector on the Canadian Pacific Railway,
876:
1556:
1397:
1201:
577:
Pygidium without spines, termination rounded or slightly pointed; cephalon at most 1¼× as wide as long, genal spines present or not. → 4
1768:
1494:
1480:
1466:
1611:
1285:
1934:
1257:
845:
472:
are known from Canada, the United States, South China, and Australia, occurring in deposits ranging from the Lower Cambrian (
2031:
2016:
2011:
1019:
732:
s:Cambrian Geology and Paleontology/Volume 2/Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata
500:. A very large, complex system of gut diverticula and a gut with great holding capacity indicate that the diet of
711:
915:
414:
2006:
2021:
1821:
925:
Nedin, C. Anomalocaris predation on nonmineralized and mineralized trilobites. Geology 27, pp. 987-990. 1999.
760:
Bergström, J.; Hou, X.G.; Hålenius, U. (2007). "Gut contents and feeding in the Cambrian arthropod Naraoia".
567:
Pygidium with more or less prominent spines; cephalon at least 1⅓× as wide as long, with genal spines. → 3
969:
803:
Vannier, J.; Chen, J. N. Y. (2007). "Digestive system and feeding mode in Cambrian naraoiid arthropods".
749:
429:
140:
893:
342:
period. The species are characterized by a large alimentary system and sideways oriented antennas.
421:, retouched illustration from the original publication by Walcott. Note the appendages on the left
1012:
1832:
841:
2026:
1978:
1874:
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1952:
992:
1973:
1965:
859:
1921:
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1827:
8:
2001:
1797:
948:
926:
904:
773:
1857:
1005:
869:
Zhang, W.T. and X.G. Hou. Preliminary notes on the occurrence of the unusual trilobite
816:
785:
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1960:
1912:
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61:
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1422:
1242:
224:
119:
1906:
1528:
1445:
1309:
1296:
1194:
36:
624:
Doublure in the cephalon narrow; Pygidium with rounded termination. → 5
1939:
1667:
1658:
1647:
1622:
1604:
1597:
1576:
1549:
1390:
1115:
549:
473:
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81:
46:
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1061:
1046:
1028:
505:
497:
391:
327:
172:
152:
86:
1868:
442:). Naraoia had appendages with two branches on a common basis, like
1891:
1761:
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71:
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41:
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91:
66:
1926:
1040:
363:
162:
1702:
323:
997:
873:
in Asia. Acta Paleontologica Sinica, 24, pp. 591-595. 1985.
326:
of small to average size (about 2-4½ cm long) marine
938:
759:
516:
All naraoiids were probably marine bottom dwellers.
653:Genal angle rounded, spines absent. Known from the
1993:
968:. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011. Archived from
357:
398:was formerly considered a member of the genus
1013:
854:
852:
993:Genus †Naraoia - Hierarchy - The Taxonomicon
753:
802:
1020:
1006:
849:
832:
830:
828:
826:
796:
118:
102:
1074:
496:, eating large amounts of soil, like an
457:
413:
362:When the fossil was first discovered in
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1994:
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13:
817:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2002.tb00072.x
643:Caron, Rudkin & Milliken 2004
14:
2043:
934:
554:(Zhang & Hou 1985), jr. syn.
378:began dissecting some specimens (
1853:
1852:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1820:
941:
492:suggest that it may have been a
488:Sediments present in the gut of
450:) is composed of six podomeres.
263:Caron, Rudjin & Millken 2004
139:
34:
984:The Smithsonian Intstitution's
919:
908:
712:Paleobiota of the Burgess Shale
453:
897:
885:
863:
724:
476:) to the late Upper Silurian (
409:
281:Mayers, Aria & Caron, 2018
254:Mayers, Aria & Caron, 2018
32:Cambrian Stage 3–Late Silurian
1:
1027:
717:
358:History of the classification
966:Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery
406:, until separated in 1997.
345:
334:, that lived from the early
7:
705:
16:Extinct genus of arthropods
10:
2048:
2032:Cambrian genus extinctions
2017:Cambrian first appearances
2012:Maotianshan shales fossils
673:Peng, Zhao & Sun 2012
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483:
370:, it was believed to be a
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136:Scientific classification
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23:
692:Walcott 1912, jr. syn.
550:Misszhouia longicaudata
396:Misszhouia longicaudata
465:
422:
402:, originally known as
2007:Burgess Shale animals
1974:Paleobiology Database
670:Naraoia taijiangensis
614:Zhang & Hou 1985
463:Naraoia taijiangensis
461:
432:), and a tailshield (
417:
299:Zhang & Hou, 1985
2022:Silurian extinctions
556:Naraoia longicaudata
544:6 cm in length.
376:Harry B. Whittington
949:Paleontology portal
774:2007GFF...129...71B
879:2016-03-03 at the
640:Naraoia bertiensis
520:Key to the species
466:
423:
330:within the family
1989:
1988:
1961:Open Tree of Life
1875:Taxon identifiers
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304:N. tianjiangensis
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689:Naraoia compacta
655:Balang Formation
593:Naraoia spinifer
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419:Naraoia compacta
352:British Columbia
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29:Temporal range:
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1332:Chacharejocaris
1318:Australaglaspis
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1151:Acanthomeridion
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1427:
1425:
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1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1283:
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1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1234:Cheloniellida
1231:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
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1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
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1111:
1110:
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1103:
1099:
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1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:Panarthropoda
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:Superphylum:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
989:
987:
982:
972:on 2020-11-12
971:
967:
963:
961:
955:
954:
950:
939:
927:
922:
916:
911:
905:
900:
894:
888:
882:
878:
875:
872:
866:
860:
855:
853:
846:
843:
839:
833:
831:
829:
827:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
756:
750:
744:
742:
740:
733:
727:
723:
713:
710:
709:
699:
695:
691:
690:
680:
672:
671:
664:
660:
657:, near Geyi,
656:
650:
642:
641:
631:
621:
613:
612:
603:
596:Walcott 1931
595:
594:
584:
574:
564:
557:
553:
552:
551:
540:
529:
517:
509:
507:
503:
499:
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481:
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464:
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431:
427:
420:
416:
407:
405:
401:
397:
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390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Burgess Shale
365:
355:
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
305:
302:
296:
293:
287:
284:
278:
275:
272:Walcott, 1912
269:
266:
260:
259:N. bertiensis
257:
251:
248:
247:
245:
240:
236:Walcott, 1912
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:Walcott, 1912
215:
214:
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204:
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200:
194:
191:
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93:
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78:
73:
68:
63:
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53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1882:
1825:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:Conciliterga
1715:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1646:
1639:
1632:Emucarididae
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:Xandarellida
1555:
1548:
1541:
1536:Kwanyinaspis
1534:
1527:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1460:Glypharthrus
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:Aglaspididae
1412:Tremaglaspis
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1354:
1348:Obrutschewia
1346:
1338:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1284:
1279:Pseudarthron
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1243:Cheloniellon
1241:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1051:
985:
974:. Retrieved
970:the original
965:
959:
921:
910:
899:
887:
870:
865:
808:
804:
798:
765:
761:
755:
726:
697:
693:
688:
687:
678:
669:
668:
648:
639:
638:
629:
619:
610:
609:
601:
592:
591:
582:
572:
562:
555:
548:
547:
538:
527:
515:
501:
489:
487:
469:
467:
462:
454:Distribution
447:
443:
437:
425:
424:
418:
403:
399:
395:
384:
379:
361:
349:
338:to the late
318:
317:
316:
303:
294:
290:Walcott 1931
285:
276:
267:
258:
249:
231:
225:Type species
212:
211:
128:
111:
24:
18:
1907:Wikispecies
1741:Haifengella
1529:Arthroaspis
1474:Hesselbonia
1453:Chraspedops
1446:Aglaspoides
1384:Chlupacaris
1310:Angarocaris
1297:Aglaspidida
1265:Neostrabops
1250:Drabovaspis
1195:Emeraldella
1142:Protosutura
504:was low in
468:Species of
448:N. compacta
410:Description
286:N. spinifer
268:N. compacta
127:Fossils of
2002:Nektaspida
1996:Categories
1668:Misszhouia
1659:Naraoiidae
1648:Kangacaris
1623:Nektaspida
1605:Xandarella
1598:Sinoburius
1577:Cindarella
1550:Retifacies
1488:Tuboculops
1432:Aglaspella
1391:Cyclopites
1340:Girardevia
1325:Beckwithia
1272:Paraduslia
1116:Squamacula
1062:Arthropoda
976:2023-01-21
811:(2): 107.
718:References
684:Australia.
474:Atdabanian
444:Misszhouia
439:Misszhouia
372:crustacean
354:, Canada.
332:Naraoiidae
328:arthropods
295:N. spinosa
199:Naraoiidae
186:Nektaspida
173:Arthropoda
1798:Trilobita
1787:Trilobita
1776:Tegopelte
1717:Tariccoia
1710:Soomaspis
1695:Buenaspis
1557:Tonglaiia
1398:Flobertia
1223:Carimersa
1209:Kodymirus
1202:Eozetetes
1123:Thulaspis
1095:Bailongia
1077:Artiopoda
1047:Ecdysozoa
1039:Kingdom:
1029:Artiopoda
842:0024-1164
768:(2): 71.
698:N. pammon
506:nutrition
498:earthworm
392:Trilobita
346:Etymology
250:N. arcana
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
1892:Wikidata
1858:Category
1769:Skioldia
1762:Saperion
1748:Helmetia
1686:Liwiidae
1641:Emucaris
1495:Uarthrus
1481:Setaspis
1467:Gogglops
1439:Aglaspis
1216:Sidneyia
1165:Zhiwenia
1130:Urokodia
1060:Phylum:
1041:Animalia
877:Archived
790:83857333
706:See also
694:N. halia
665:, China.
434:pygidium
430:cephalon
340:Silurian
336:Cambrian
277:N. magna
242:Species
192:Family:
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
1966:4709349
1953:1288680
1940:4633734
1927:4327527
1913:Naraoia
1898:Q283508
1883:Naraoia
1755:Kuamaia
1675:Naraoia
1612:Zhugeia
1286:Triopus
1109:Molaria
986:Naraoia
871:Naraoia
805:Lethaia
770:Bibcode
663:Guizhou
635:Canada.
588:Canada.
512:Habitat
490:Naraoia
484:Ecology
478:Pridoli
470:Naraoia
426:Naraoia
400:Naraoia
385:Naraoia
380:Naraoia
319:Naraoia
213:Naraoia
205:Genus:
179:Order:
25:Naraoia
1258:Duslia
840:
788:
364:Canada
1979:19104
1948:IRMNG
1703:Liwia
1052:Clade
892:2004.
786:S2CID
389:class
324:genus
322:is a
1935:GBIF
1796:see
988:page
838:ISSN
37:PreꞒ
1922:EoL
813:doi
778:doi
766:129
762:GFF
480:).
387:in
366:'s
1998::
1976::
1963::
1950::
1937::
1924::
1909::
1894::
1054::
964:.
851:^
825:^
809:35
807:.
784:.
776:.
764:.
738:^
696:,
686:→
667:→
661:,
637:→
608:→
590:→
546:→
394:.
87:Pg
1698:?
1359:?
1351:?
1343:?
1335:?
1313:?
1253:?
1133:?
1021:e
1014:t
1007:v
979:.
962:"
958:"
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819:.
815::
792:.
780::
772::
679:-
649:5
630:-
620:4
602:-
583:3
573:-
563:2
539:-
528:1
209:†
196:†
183:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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