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Nektaspida

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593: 575: 1905: 528: 126: 610: 551: 102: 1911: 1916: 1937: 511: 384: 1923: 1019: 367:. Cotton & Braddy (2000) place it in a new "Trilobite clade" containing the Trilobita, recognizing the close affinities of the nektaspids to trilobites. However this necessitates the inclusion of genera that look very little like trilobites., it was formerly placed in the stem-group to the 414:
spines. Preserved soft tissue of the group indicates that the cephalic (head) shield of nektaspids and liwiids contained branched digestive glands. The Naraoiidae have their exoskeletons mostly composed of only two major shields, which have a single articulation point.
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of the limbs possibly allowing soft-bodied prey to be shredded before ingestion. The differences in gut morphology between some species of naraoiids suggests that some species only intermittently fed, while others regularly fed.
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to conform with the names of the other trilobite orders. Whittington described it in 1985 with the spelling Nektaspida; the revised 1997 Treatise by Raymond and Fortey uses this spelling, as do other modern works.
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during the Cambrian, and are absent from major Cambrian deposits elsewhere during this period, but are widespread in the southern high-latitude margin of Gondwana during the
1020:"A new Late Silurian (Pridolian) naraoiid (Euarthropoda: Nektaspida) from the Bertie Formation of southern Ontario, Canada—delayed fallout from the Cambrian explosion" 550: 812:
PĂ©rez-Peris, Francesc; Laibl, LukĂĄĆĄ; Lustri, Lorenzo; Gueriau, Pierre; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Enright, Orla G. Bath; Daley, Allison C. (March 2021).
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PĂ©rez-Peris, Francesc; Laibl, LukĂĄĆĄ; Lustri, Lorenzo; Gueriau, Pierre; Antcliffe, Jonathan B; Bath Enright, Orla G; Daley, Allison C (2020-07-10).
257: 2004: 1487: 1438: 574: 1814: 1650: 1542: 1494: 1430: 1361: 223: 592: 527: 1823: 1556: 1535: 1466: 1347: 1332: 1224: 239: 1570: 1514: 1422: 1354: 722:"A nektaspid arthropod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna, with a description of retrodeformation based on functional morphology" 1639: 1480: 1284: 1851: 1577: 1563: 1549: 1694: 1368: 1340: 2055: 354: 2060: 1102: 869:"Three new naraoiid species from the Burgess Shale, with a morphometric and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Naraoiidae" 2050: 352:
The order was originally proposed by Raymond in 1920 as Nektaspia. StĂžrmer corrected it to Nectaspida for the 1959
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Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla".
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The group is united by several morphological characters, including reduced or absent lateral eyes, a
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organisms that were opportunistic scavengers and predators of soft-bodied prey, with the spine-like
396: 407: 1095: 617: 2022: 1915: 1957: 1407: 328:, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the 2017: 392: 2009: 924:"Phylogenetic response of naraoiid arthropods to early–middle Cambrian environmental change" 1995: 1922: 935: 880: 867:
Mayers, Benjamin; Aria, CĂ©dric; Caron, Jean‐Bernard (January 2019). Zhang, Xi‐Guang (ed.).
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subdivision of the Arthropoda phylum. However, it currently considered part of
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Bond, Andrew D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (January 2021). Zhang, Xi‐Guang (ed.).
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Caron, Jean-Bernard; Rudkin, David M.; Milliken, Stuart (November 2004).
814:"A new nektaspid euarthropod from the Lower Ordovician strata of Morocco" 649:"A new nektaspid euarthropod from the Lower Ordovician strata of Morocco" 465: 464:
were diverse in low latitudes during Cambrian Series 2 and the following
457: 368: 34: 1750: 1741: 1730: 1687: 1680: 1659: 1632: 1473: 1198: 1071:—photographs of specimens and discussion of classification controversy. 948: 923: 892: 558: 518: 481: 461: 341: 310: 217: 79: 44: 1869: 1858: 1799: 1792: 1777: 1305: 1291: 1205: 1177: 1159: 1144: 1129: 1111: 582: 541: 469: 372: 364: 325: 313: 275: 248: 231: 170: 157: 137: 84: 1951: 484:. The youngest known member of the group is the Laurentian naraoiid 1974: 1844: 1830: 1768: 1723: 1521: 1298: 1247: 1212: 981:"Digestive system and feeding mode in Cambrian naraoiid arthropods" 564: 473: 453: 441: 337: 321: 317: 266: 211: 74: 69: 54: 49: 39: 383: 332:
within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families;
1837: 1757: 1191: 477: 110: 89: 64: 375:, the clade that contains trilobites and their close relatives. 1123: 403: 147: 1785: 811: 646: 1080: 1036:
10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<1138:ANLSPN>2.0.CO;2
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attachment, extensive articulation overlap between unfused
696:"The appendages, anatomy, and relationships of trilobites" 771:
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences
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The group first appeared and was most diverse in the
1017: 452:are only known from the Cambrian Series 2 of East 2037: 866: 1096: 921: 387:Digestive systems of various naraoiid species 979:VANNIER, JEAN; CHEN, JUN-YUAN (2007-01-02). 978: 1103: 1089: 768: 715: 713: 100: 947: 745: 1157: 382: 762: 710: 693: 435: 423:The naraoiids have been interpreted as 2038: 348:Naming history and taxonomic placement 1956: 1955: 1084: 355:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology 719: 642: 640: 638: 456:(now Australia) and the then nearby 13: 997:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2002.tb00072.x 783:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x 492:in Ontario, Canada, dating to the 115:fossils with preserved appendages 14: 2077: 1062: 635: 598:Life restoration of the naraoiid 1936: 1935: 1921: 1914: 1909: 1903: 608: 591: 580:Fossil of the Ordovician liwiid 573: 549: 526: 509: 316:. They are known from the lower- 124: 32: 556:Restoration of the emucaridids 533:Drawing of the carapace of the 363:(1985) placed the order in the 1011: 972: 915: 860: 805: 687: 1: 1110: 628: 2056:Prehistoric arthropod orders 7: 324:. Originally classified as 16:Extinct order of arthropods 10: 2082: 2061:Cambrian first appearances 499: 418: 378: 1964: 1931: 1901: 1868: 1813: 1767: 1740: 1713: 1704: 1649: 1606: 1595: 1504: 1449: 1387: 1378: 1315: 1272: 1261: 1223: 1172: 1168: 1153: 1118: 838:10.1017/S001675682000062X 665:10.1017/s001675682000062x 201: 196: 121:Scientific classification 119: 108: 99: 23: 2051:Prehistoric chelicerates 1069:Are Naraoids trilobites? 444:, especially during the 1024:Journal of Paleontology 747:10.1111/1475-4983.00064 618:Misszhouia longicaudata 694:Raymond, P.E. (1920). 388: 2018:Paleobiology Database 386: 2066:Silurian extinctions 720:Budd, G. E. (1999). 516:Life restoration of 472:and in South China. 436:Evolutionary history 940:2021Palgy..64..161B 885:2019Palgy..62...19M 830:2021GeoM..158..509P 818:Geological Magazine 738:1999Palgy..42...99B 653:Geological Magazine 30:Atdabanian–Silurian 949:10.1111/pala.12516 893:10.1111/pala.12383 476:first appeared in 389: 2033: 2032: 1958:Taxon identifiers 1949: 1948: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1809: 1808: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1257: 1256: 562:(blue, left) and 486:Naraoia bertensis 446:Cambrian Series 2 410:that do not form 285: 284: 192: 2073: 2026: 2025: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1953: 1952: 1939: 1938: 1926: 1925: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1711: 1710: 1604: 1603: 1451:Tremaglaspididae 1385: 1384: 1270: 1269: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1155: 1154: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1082: 1081: 1075:Order Nectaspida 1056: 1055: 1030:(6): 1138–1145. 1015: 1009: 1008: 976: 970: 969: 951: 919: 913: 912: 864: 858: 857: 809: 803: 802: 766: 760: 759: 749: 717: 708: 707: 691: 685: 684: 644: 612: 595: 577: 553: 530: 513: 490:Bertie Formation 302:) is an extinct 187: 182: 169: 129: 128: 104: 94: 31: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2021: 2016: 2008: 2003: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1960: 1950: 1945: 1927: 1920: 1887: 1864: 1805: 1763: 1736: 1700: 1645: 1600: 1598:Trilobitomorpha 1583: 1500: 1445: 1415:Chacharejocaris 1401:Australaglaspis 1374: 1311: 1266: 1253: 1234:Acanthomeridion 1219: 1162: 1149: 1114: 1109: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1016: 1012: 977: 973: 920: 916: 865: 861: 810: 806: 767: 763: 718: 711: 692: 688: 645: 636: 631: 626: 625: 624: 621: 613: 604: 596: 587: 578: 569: 568:(yellow, right) 554: 545: 531: 522: 514: 502: 438: 421: 381: 350: 330:Trilobitomorpha 186: 180: 171:Trilobitomorpha 167: 123: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 37: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2079: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2014: 2001: 1986: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1947: 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1241:Australimicola 1237: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1188: 1185:Falcatamacaris 1181: 1173: 1163: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1141: 1132: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1064: 1063:External links 1061: 1058: 1057: 1010: 991:(2): 107–120. 971: 934:(1): 161–177. 914: 859: 824:(3): 509–517. 804: 761: 709: 686: 659:(3): 509–517. 633: 632: 630: 627: 623: 622: 614: 607: 605: 597: 590: 588: 579: 572: 570: 555: 548: 546: 536:incertae sedis 532: 525: 523: 515: 508: 505: 504: 503: 501: 498: 494:Upper Silurian 437: 434: 420: 417: 380: 377: 349: 346: 283: 282: 281: 280: 271: 262: 258:Phytophylaspis 253: 244: 235: 227: 220: 214: 208: 199: 198: 194: 193: 178: 174: 173: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 117: 116: 106: 105: 97: 96: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 38: 33: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2078: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 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1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1489: 1488:Quasimodaspis 1485: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1441: 1440: 1439:Rozhkovocaris 1436: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1317:Cheloniellida 1314: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139:Panarthropoda 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128:Superphylum: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1094: 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upper 319: 315: 312: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 290:(also called 289: 278: 277: 272: 269: 268: 263: 260: 259: 254: 251: 250: 245: 242: 241: 236: 234: 233: 228: 225: 221: 219: 215: 213: 209: 207: 203: 202: 200: 195: 190: 185: 179: 176: 175: 172: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 127: 122: 118: 114: 112: 107: 103: 98: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 22: 19: 1965: 1908: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1829: 1822: 1815:Conciliterga 1798: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1756: 1749: 1729: 1722: 1715:Emucarididae 1705: 1693: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1651:Xandarellida 1638: 1631: 1624: 1619:Kwanyinaspis 1617: 1610: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1548: 1543:Glypharthrus 1541: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1506:Aglaspididae 1495:Tremaglaspis 1493: 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1437: 1431:Obrutschewia 1429: 1421: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1391: 1367: 1362:Pseudarthron 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1331: 1326:Cheloniellon 1324: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1176: 1134: 1027: 1023: 1013: 988: 984: 974: 931: 927: 917: 879:(1): 19–50. 876: 872: 862: 821: 817: 807: 774: 770: 764: 729: 725: 703: 699: 689: 656: 652: 616: 599: 581: 563: 557: 540: 534: 517: 485: 450:Emucarididae 439: 422: 406:, and fused 390: 353: 351: 334:Emucarididae 299: 295: 291: 287: 286: 274: 265: 256: 247: 238: 230: 224:Petalopleura 206:Emucarididae 183: 109: 18: 1990:Wikispecies 1824:Haifengella 1612:Arthroaspis 1557:Hesselbonia 1536:Chraspedops 1529:Aglaspoides 1467:Chlupacaris 1393:Angarocaris 1380:Aglaspidida 1348:Neostrabops 1333:Drabovaspis 1278:Emeraldella 1225:Protosutura 466:Miaolingian 458:South China 369:chelicerata 361:Whittington 308:mineralised 240:Campanamuta 164:Subphylum: 2046:Nektaspida 2040:Categories 1996:Nektaspida 1966:Nektaspida 1751:Misszhouia 1742:Naraoiidae 1731:Kangacaris 1706:Nektaspida 1688:Xandarella 1681:Sinoburius 1660:Cindarella 1633:Retifacies 1571:Tuboculops 1515:Aglaspella 1474:Cyclopites 1423:Girardevia 1408:Beckwithia 1355:Paraduslia 1199:Squamacula 1145:Arthropoda 629:References 615:Fossil of 559:Kangacaris 539:nektaspid 519:Misszhouia 482:Ordovician 462:Naraoiidae 342:Naraoiidae 326:trilobites 314:arthropods 311:artiopodan 300:Nectaspida 288:Nektaspida 218:Naraoiidae 184:Nektaspida 158:Arthropoda 24:Nektaspida 1881:Trilobita 1870:Trilobita 1859:Tegopelte 1800:Tariccoia 1793:Soomaspis 1778:Buenaspis 1640:Tonglaiia 1481:Flobertia 1306:Carimersa 1292:Kodymirus 1285:Eozetetes 1206:Thulaspis 1178:Bailongia 1160:Artiopoda 1130:Ecdysozoa 1122:Kingdom: 1112:Artiopoda 1052:131595361 1044:0022-3360 1005:0024-1164 966:229454194 958:0031-0239 909:135331371 901:0031-0239 854:221859513 846:0016-7568 756:128566745 681:221859513 673:0016-7568 583:Tariccoia 542:Buenaspis 488:from the 470:Laurentia 393:hypostome 373:Artiopoda 365:Trilobita 296:Nektaspia 292:Naraoiida 276:Tegopelte 249:Panlongia 232:Buenaspis 197:Families 144:Kingdom: 138:Eukaryota 1981:Q3337678 1975:Wikidata 1941:Category 1852:Skioldia 1845:Saperion 1831:Helmetia 1769:Liwiidae 1724:Emucaris 1578:Uarthrus 1564:Setaspis 1550:Gogglops 1522:Aglaspis 1299:Sidneyia 1248:Zhiwenia 1213:Urokodia 1143:Phylum: 1124:Animalia 799:39772232 791:10881389 706:: 1–169. 565:Emucaris 474:Liwiidae 454:Gondwana 442:Cambrian 404:tergites 338:Liwiidae 322:Silurian 318:Cambrian 267:Saperion 212:Liwiidae 154:Phylum: 148:Animalia 134:Domain: 113:compacta 1838:Kuamaia 1758:Naraoia 1695:Zhugeia 1369:Triopus 1192:Molaria 985:Lethaia 936:Bibcode 881:Bibcode 826:Bibcode 734:Bibcode 500:Gallery 478:Baltica 429:endites 425:benthic 419:Ecology 412:lateral 408:pleurae 395:with a 379:Anatomy 306:of non- 189:Raymond 177:Order: 111:Naraoia 2023:151332 1341:Duslia 1050:  1042:  1003:  964:  956:  907:  899:  852:  844:  797:  789:  754:  679:  671:  397:natant 340:, and 191:, 1920 2010:11121 2005:IRMNG 1786:Liwia 1135:Clade 1048:S2CID 962:S2CID 905:S2CID 850:S2CID 795:S2CID 752:S2CID 677:S2CID 401:trunk 304:order 1879:see 1040:ISSN 1001:ISSN 954:ISSN 897:ISSN 842:ISSN 787:PMID 669:ISSN 298:and 35:PreꞒ 1032:doi 993:doi 944:doi 889:doi 834:doi 822:158 779:doi 742:doi 661:doi 657:158 468:in 2042:: 2020:: 2007:: 1992:: 1977:: 1137:: 1046:. 1038:. 1028:78 1026:. 1022:. 999:. 989:35 987:. 983:. 960:. 952:. 942:. 932:64 930:. 926:. 903:. 895:. 887:. 877:62 875:. 871:. 848:. 840:. 832:. 820:. 816:. 793:. 785:. 775:75 773:. 750:. 740:. 730:42 728:. 724:. 712:^ 702:. 698:. 675:. 667:. 655:. 651:. 637:^ 496:. 460:. 448:. 344:. 336:, 294:, 85:Pg 1781:? 1442:? 1434:? 1426:? 1418:? 1396:? 1336:? 1216:? 1104:e 1097:t 1090:v 1054:. 1034:: 1007:. 995:: 968:. 946:: 938:: 911:. 891:: 883:: 856:. 836:: 828:: 801:. 781:: 758:. 744:: 736:: 704:7 683:. 663:: 279:? 273:† 270:? 264:† 261:? 255:† 252:? 246:† 243:? 237:† 229:† 226:? 222:† 216:† 210:† 204:† 181:† 168:† 90:N 80:K 75:J 70:T 65:P 60:C 55:D 50:S 45:O 40:Ꞓ

Index

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Naraoia
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Trilobitomorpha
Nektaspida
Raymond
Emucarididae
Liwiidae
Naraoiidae
Petalopleura
Buenaspis
Campanamuta
Panlongia
Phytophylaspis

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