1667:
742:
524:
31:
672:"An individual initially does not see the true nature of things, he starts by representing the real, because he is convinced therein lies the essence of the artwork. I thought that too. But, as I kept working, the underlying laws of art, which are the laws of geometry, slowly revealed themselves in front of my eyes. There was no effort on my part, it was just the daily work what led me to that result, guided by intuition."
1235:
340:
Nadir Afonso took on the challenge and graduated in architecture, though he flunked the third year because some of his professors could not accept his artistic style. Settled in Porto, he started to design houses and industrial buildings, while at the same time painting the city around him under his
882:
An additional 60 solo exhibitions in
Portugal were recorded between 1949 and 2012 (last one: Palazzo Loredan, Venice). Additional international collective exhibitions include: 1967 Brussels, 1968 Paris, 1973 Barcelona, 1984 Dublin, 1986 Honolulu and Fall River, U.S.; 1993 Salamanca, Spain.
387:
and spent his time regularly at students hangouts. Nadir Afonso recalls this period of his life as the first time that he was in contact with the great world of art. Because his scholarship lasted only one year, Nadir Afonso worked until 1948 (and again in 1951) with the architect
541:"Portuguese and a son of the inner country. I learned from tradition to be humble, to praise the masters, and to live these eighty-six years with the simplicity that my lowly status has always guaranteed me. To do a balance of my existence and of my work now is absurd."
674:
The illustrations in this article are a chronological representation of the evolution of Nadir Afonso's style and thought towards the original geometric alphabet with which he created his artworks, as explained in his books and seen most prominently in his
578:
However, his reclusive personality and the memory of his first attempt in 1946 to show his paintings at an art gallery in Paris, which snubbed him and left him humiliated, caused him to shy from publicity and he did not personally promote his exhibitions.
423:, a team elaboration", and therefore a means of expression that cannot satisfy a solitary soul like him. In 1949, Nadir Afonso left Paris and for a while immersed himself fully in his paintings. He went through a period of inspiration in the Portuguese
292:, which depict places all around the world. He was known to have painted into his later years and died on 11 December 2013 at a hospital in Cascais. During his life he achieved great honors, representing his country at the finest level.
720:
works were €1,500 for a 35x50 cm serigraph (typical edition of 200), €18,000 for a 30x40 cm gouache on paper, and €55,000 for a 90x140 cm acrylic on canvas. In 2007, Nadir Afonso exhibited his first oversized (176x235 cm) canvases,
633:
evolved, which he published in book form, alongside his philosophical thoughts on the
Universe and its laws. These works are the key to understanding the artist and his art, and are summarized by himself in a few words:
546:
Nadir Afonso exhibited regularly in Lisbon, Porto, Paris, New York, and all over the world. His work is in museums in Lisbon and Porto (Portugal), Rio de
Janeiro and São Paulo (Brazil), Budapest (Hungary), Paris
668:"I start with shapes, still arbitrary. I put ten shapes on the frame; I look at it and suddenly a sort of spark ignites. Then the form appears. Color is secondary, used to accentuate the intensity of the form."
282:, published in several books, Nadir Afonso defended the idea that art is purely objective and ruled by laws that treat art not as an act of imagination but of observation, perception, and form manipulation.
332:
to enroll in the School of Fine Arts to pursue a degree in painting. However, at the registration desk, he took the advice of the clerk, who told him that his high school diploma allowed him to enroll in
891:
The following books were written by Nadir Afonso in
Portuguese, unless otherwise stated. Additional written works appear in exhibition catalogs and are noted in the list of Nadir Afonso exhibitions.
486:
Paris was a world center of the arts but the fierce competition between artists proved too much for Nadir Afonso. In 1965, conscious of his social inadaptation, he moved back to his hometown of
506:, and critic Michel Gaüzes. By indication of Garaudy, he traveled to Toulouse to meet aestheticist Pierre Bru, with whom he reviewed the syntactic form of his studies, before publishing
543:
He spent the last three decades of his life painting, exhibiting, and writing with regular and growing comfort. He was twice married, with five children, born between 1948 and 1989.
639:"Searching for the absolute, for an art language in which shapes possess a mathematical rigorousness, where nothing needs to be added nor removed. The feeling of total exactitude."
474:, was published the same year with the support of art critic Michel Gaüzes, patron Madame Vaugel and Victor Vasarely. In 1959, his first anthology exhibition took place at the
660:, as it is not about symbols nor anything in particular; rather, it is the spatial law itself, with the four qualities of perfection, harmony, evocation, and originality.
490:
and gradually took refuge in isolation and accentuated the orientation of his life towards the creation of art. He terminated the architecture practice and pursued his
592:"This artist I have known for over 20 years is undoubtedly the most important Portuguese contemporary painter and his work is unjustly little known across the world."
328:
precision. His teen years were dedicated to painting, and he won his first national prize at age 17. It was only natural that he was sent to the bigger city of
478:
in Paris, while initial exhibitions of his new style in his native country initially failed to raise as much interest as in the early expressionist years.
551:), Wurzburg and Berlin (Germany), among others. He formed a foundation bearing his name, to which he donated his personal artwork collection, and engaged
1356:
438:; it was three years of "necessary architecture and obsessive painting". That obsession forced him to return to Paris, looking for artists researching
1317:
571:, had already been purchased by the Contemporary Art Museum of Lisbon and the Portuguese government invited him twice to represent Portugal at the
757:
1940 First exhibitions as a student and (until 1946) as a member of artist collective * 1944 (collective) 9th
Exhibition of Modern Art of the SNI-
313:, on December 4, 1920. His parents were Palmira Rodrigues Afonso and the poet Artur Maria Afonso. His very unusual first name was suggested by a
375:
114:
1273:
320:
By the age of four, he made his first "painting" on a wall at home: a perfect red circle, which anticipated his life as under the signs of
1702:
1072:(Po/En/Fr), Colecção Arte Contemporânea, Livraria Bertrand, Lisbon. Print run included 200 numbered and signed copies, with a serigraph.
652:, the father of abstract art, and criticized him for subduing geometry to the human spirit instead of making it the essence of art. This
567:
The recognition of Nadir Afonso's talent came early in his career, both in his home country and internationally. Aged 24, an oil of his,
392:
who, knowing his passion for painting, gave him the mornings off without cutting his salary. He also worked for a while, with the artist
369:
with a number of unfinished works from his "Iris period", and changed his signature with the surname Afonso. There, a
Brazilian painter
285:
Nadir Afonso achieved international recognition early in his career and many of his works are in museums. His most famous works are the
1737:
1341:
1727:
498:, which he considered the essence of art. Once in a while, he left his hideout to return to Paris and meet with friends, author
1188:
1697:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1178:
1168:
1154:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1091:
1077:
1046:
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
976:
962:
948:
934:
925:(Fr), Imprensa Nacional, Lisbon. Print run: 2,750 + 250 with a numbered and signed serigraph. No ISBN. Translated in 1999 as
957:, Chaves Ferreira Publicações, Lisbon. Print run: 980, numbered and signed. Best art book of the 2003 Frankfurt Book Fair.
434:
From
December 1951 to 1954, Nadir Afonso crossed the Atlantic to answer an invitation to work with the Brazilian architect
1732:
342:
1419:
1717:
1296:
829:
510:(The Mechanisms of Artistic Creation), the book where he introduced his original theory of art as an exact science.
847:
2007 - Nadir Afonso, O Futuro
Renascimento Centro de Exposições de Odivelas da Câmara Municipal de Odivelas, Lisbon
758:
1203:
2012: Ferreira, António
Quadros, Nadir Afonso: Arte, Estética e Teoria, de Ferreira, Edições Afrontamento, Porto.
857:
231:
177:
853:
2009 - Nadir Afonso no século XXI, Museu
Municipal Edifício Chiado, Galeria de Exposições Temporárias, Coimbra.
519:"one of the first proponents of geometric abstraction in Portugal one of the new generation European artists."
1707:
1360:
337:, which was then a more promising career. As he later admitted, he made a mistake by listening to that man.
1213:
2012: Cecchetto, Stephano (coord) Nadir Afonso: Percorsi per una nuova estetica, Carlo CambiEditore, Roma.
286:
145:
1321:
709:
on paper (smaller works, often studies for bigger works). His best-known and most distinctive work is the
1183:
2010: Chaves, Mário; Nadir Afonso: arquitecto e pintor, no Mundo. Universidade Lusíada Editora, Lisboa
514:
1712:
788:
62:
782:
665:"an artwork is not an act of 'imagination' (...) but of observation, perception, form manipulation."
572:
1722:
1086:, Livraria Bertrand, Lisbon. Print run included 250 numbered and signed copies, with a serigraph.
787:
1970 (anthological) Centre Culturel Portugais, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Paris, then at the
548:
400:
236:
158:
317:
to his father on his way to the Civil Registry, where he was due to be registered as Orlando.
730:
688:
610:
399:
While working under Le Corbusier in Paris, Nadir Afonso gradually developed his own style of
997:
As Artes: Erradas Crenças e Falsas Críticas/The Arts: Erroneous Beliefs and False Criticisms
838:
2005 - Nadir Afonso: cidades de um flâneur ou de como um viajante o é, Univ. Lusíada, Lisbon
556:
407:
reoriented his concepts of the origin and essence of art that resulted in his 1948 research
373:
helped him secure a scholarship from the French Government to study art and painting at the
1692:
1687:
1278:
442:. He joined the group of the Denise René Gallery, connecting with French-Hungarian painter
428:
985:, Chaves Ferreira Publicações, Lisbon. Print run: 980, numbered and signed by the author.
821:
2001 Cultural Center of Cascais, Portugal. Catalog features an interview; ; print run: 300
8:
104:
1666:
918:(En), Ed. Galeria Alvarez, Porto, Collab. Selected Artists Galleries, New York. No ISBN
1269:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1150:
1136:
1122:
1108:
1087:
1073:
1042:
1028:
1014:
1000:
986:
972:
958:
944:
930:
825:
649:
575:. By the age of 50, he was well known and regularly exhibited in New York and Paris.
487:
370:
306:
194:
58:
835:
2003 (anthological) 25th International Biennial of Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal
393:
260:
202:
1445:
999:(Po/En), Chaves Ferreira Publicações, Lisbon. Numbered and signed by the author.
694:
580:
503:
443:
256:
251:, Nadir Afonso later studied painting in Paris and became one of the pioneers of
198:
741:
1393:
1263:
943:, Colecção Obras Clássicas da Literatura Portuguesa, Livros Horizonte, Lisbon.
850:
2009 - Nadir Afonso: As Cidades no Homem. Assembleia da República, Lisbon 2009.
552:
451:
435:
264:
248:
206:
1173:
2010: Ginga, Adelaide (coord) Nadir Afonso Sem Limites/Without Limits, Lisboa
866:
2010 - Nadir Afonso: Absoluto 2010, Museu da Presidência da República, Lisbon.
713:
series, each painting usually representing a city from anywhere in the world.
517:
at the Selected Artists Galleries, in New York. U.S. critics acclaimed him as
1681:
698:
670:
Nadir Afonso did not renege on his early expressionist and surrealist works:
499:
467:
384:
314:
455:
268:
210:
1423:
1193:
2012: Nadir Afonso: Conversa com Agostinho Santos, Âncora Editora, Lisboa.
606:
523:
416:
389:
334:
244:
214:
133:
30:
729:, at a price of €100,000 each. Other values are mentioned in the list of
645:
439:
346:
252:
162:
491:
404:
279:
1417:
1250:
240:
349:
until 1946 and became a favorite with the national critics. His oil
626:
495:
325:
310:
275:
129:
84:
869:
2011 - Nadir Afonso: Absoluto, Fundação Eugénio de Almeida, Évora.
872:
2011 - Nadir Afonso: Absoluto, Museu do Abade de Baçal, Bragança.
706:
528:
424:
420:
80:
1011:
Nadir Face a Face com Einstein/ Nadir Face to Face with Einstein
1646:
Catalog, exhibition at the António Prates Gallery, Lisbon, 2007
844:
2007 - Nadir Afonso, Futuro, Galeria Jornal de Notícias, Lisbon
746:
702:
623:"a game of laws in spaces but not of significations in objects"
584:
447:
408:
354:
341:
other surname, Rodrigues. As a member of the artist collective
321:
166:
109:
1051:
2011 - O Trabalho Artístico. Reflexões. Lisboa Athena Editora.
841:
2007 - Nadir Afonso, Futuro, Galeria Jornal de Notícias, Porto
818:(Po/Fr) features two texts by Nadir Afonso and an interview; ;
802:
1976, 1978, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1996 Art-Service Gallerie, Paris
1672:
1342:
Morreu o pintor Nadir Afonso, mestre da abstracção geométrica
1244:
539:
Living in reclusion, Nadir Afonso defined himself in 2006 as
366:
329:
305:
Nadir Afonso Rodrigues was born in the rural, remote town of
119:
1660:
1256:
531:
on February 27 2007, standing next to his oversized canvas
863:
2010 - Nadir Afonso Sem Limites, Museu do Chiado, Lisbon.
753:
Only solo international and major exhibitions are shown.
614:
602:
911:(Fr/En/Ge), Éditions du Griffon, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
16:
Portuguese geometric abstractionist painter (1920–2013)
559:
to design its headquarters in his hometown of Chaves.
235:(4 December 1920 – 11 December 2013) was a Portuguese
1418:
Palácio do Correio Velho (auctioneers) (April 2007).
458:, culminating in 1958 with the public showing at the
450:), Danish painter Richard Mortensen, French painter
793:1970 Centre de Culture TPN, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
1679:
824:2003 Cultural Center of Orense, Spain (catalog:
625:. From these axioms, his own personal theory of
353:was purchased by the Contemporary Art Museum of
1631:Catalog, exhibition at the Casino Estoril, 2007
875:2012 - Nadir Afonso, Museo Carlo Bilotti, Roma
243:, which he practiced early in his career with
1443:
631:"rational aesthetics within an intuitive art"
597:
983:Da Intuição Artística ao Raciocínio Estético
878:2012 - Nadir Afonso, Palazzo Loredan, Venice
562:
693:Nadir Afonso produced mainly paintings and
1665:
805:1979 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Paris
1391:
1320:(in Portuguese). May 2005. Archived from
1297:Learn how and when to remove this message
814:1995 Cooperativa Árvore, Porto. Catalog:
799:1974 Selected Artists Galleries, New York
411:controversial to his architectural work,
376:École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts
115:École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts
1581:Les Mécanismes de la Création Artistique
971:, Câmara Municipal de Cascais, Cascais.
909:Les Mécanismes de la Création Artistique
740:
522:
508:Les Mécanismes de la Création Artistique
357:in 1944, when he was only 24 years old.
1013:, Chaves Ferreira Publicações, Lisbon.
955:Sobre a Vida e Sobre a Obra de Van Gogh
716:As of 2007, approximate prices for his
360:
105:Escola Superior de Belas Artes do Porto
1680:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
764:1956, 1957 Gallerie Denise René, Paris
1639:
1637:
1161:Nadir Afonso: Itinerário (Com)Sentido
904:(Fr), Presses du Temps Présent, Paris
609:, but for Nadir Afonso it was purely
365:In 1946, Nadir Afonso left Porto for
1437:
1268:, as they are easily broken. Please
1228:
481:
1374:
1147:Nadir Afonso: O Futuro Renascimento
13:
1703:20th-century Portuguese architects
1634:
1411:
1318:"Exhibition at Lusiada University"
811:1986 Embassy of Portugal, Brasília
587:, had already noticed it in 1968:
300:
14:
1749:
1652:
856:2010 - Nadir Afonso Sem Limites,
180:, Portuguese Academy of Fine Arts
1738:Portuguese expatriates in France
1233:
1041:, Edições Afrontamento, Lisbon.
886:
759:National Information Secretariat
663:His work is methodical, because
29:
1673:Nadir Afonso Foundation website
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1508:
1422:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1359:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1163:, Edições Afrontamento, Porto.
858:National Museum Soares dos Reis
808:1985 La Madraza, Granada, Spain
789:Foundation's premises in Lisbon
697:. His preferred materials were
178:Order of St. James of the Sword
35:2007 digital portrait of Afonso
1493:
1478:
1473:Da Vida à Obra de Nadir Afonso
1463:
1349:
1335:
1310:
1135:, Edições Coelho Dias, Porto.
1084:Da Vida à Obra de Nadir Afonso
736:
527:Nadir Afonso in his studio in
1:
1282:), or an abbreviated title.
1224:
1025:Manifesto: O Tempo Não Existe
619:"Art is a show of exactitude"
239:painter. Formally trained in
1698:People from Chaves, Portugal
1444:Afonso, Laura (2007-04-12).
1107:, Livros Horizonte, Lisbon.
1027:(Po/En), Dinalivro, Lisbon.
929:, Livros Horizonte, Lisbon.
769:Salon des Réalités Nouvelles
470:in Lisbon). His first book,
460:Salon des Réalités Nouvelles
345:, he took part in all their
295:
7:
1728:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
1420:"Biography of Nadir Afonso"
1357:"Personalities from Chaves"
796:1972 Galeria Alvarez, Porto
682:
462:, of his animated painting
10:
1754:
1733:University of Porto alumni
686:
648:, Nadir Afonso confronted
598:Personal aesthetics theory
413:Architecture Is Not an Art
403:. His new fundamentals of
1065:, Editorial Verbo, Lisbon
658:"geometry of geometrists"
563:International recognition
274:As a theorist of his own
220:
188:
184:
173:
154:
139:
125:
99:
91:
69:
40:
28:
21:
1718:Portuguese male painters
1503:La Sensibilité Plastique
1061:1968: Guedes, Fernando.
902:La Sensibilité Plastique
605:is usually conceived as
472:La Sensibilité Plastique
401:geometric abstractionism
237:geometric abstractionist
1488:Universo e o Pensamento
1272:by replacing them with
1264:Knowledge's style guide
1121:, Edições Coelho Dias.
941:Universo e o Pensamento
466:(now on display at the
454:, and French architect
1396:in JL-Jornal de Letras
1100:, Bial, Porto. No ISBN
969:O Fascínio das Cidades
783:São Paulo Art Biennial
750:
573:São Paulo Art Biennial
536:
159:Geometric abstract art
45:Nadir Afonso Rodrigues
1149:, Dinalivro, Lisbon.
1039:Universo e Pensamento
895:Theory and philosophy
776:Maison des Beaux-Arts
744:
731:Nadir Afonso artworks
689:Nadir Afonso artworks
526:
476:Maison des Beaux-Arts
1708:Modernist architects
1270:improve this article
727:Pouvoirs Surnaturels
705:(bigger works), and
379:. He resided at the
361:Art and architecture
255:, working alongside
1448:Raio de extinta luz
1242:Constructs such as
916:Aesthetic Synthesis
745:Tile panels on the
656:is not however the
1394:""Autobiography",
767:1958 (collective)
751:
555:-winner architect
537:
513:In 1974, he had a
1490:, 2000, backcover
1307:
1306:
1299:
1219:978-88-6403-134-7
1209:978-972-36-1009-3
1199:978-972-780-345-3
1189:978-989-640-068 2
1179:978-972-776-408-2
1169:978-972-36-1009-3
1155:978-972-576-501-2
1141:978-972-97444-4-0
1127:978-972-97444-1-9
1113:978-972-24-1041-0
1092:978-972-25-0541-3
1078:978-972-25-0062-3
1047:978-972-36-1085-7
1033:978-972-576-567-8
1019:978-972-8987-11-4
1005:978-972-9402-99-9
991:978-972-9402-92-0
977:978-972-98153-5-5
963:978-972-9402-81-4
949:978-972-24-1094-6
935:978-972-24-1054-0
927:O Sentido da Arte
654:"geometry of art"
494:studies based on
482:Full-time painter
427:, followed by an
371:Candido Portinari
234:
224:
223:
1745:
1713:Abstract artists
1669:
1664:
1663:
1661:Official website
1647:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1518:Síntese Estética
1516:
1512:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1389:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1274:named references
1237:
1236:
1229:
1133:O Porto de Nadir
923:Le Sens de l´Art
816:Síntese Estética
583:, the father of
230:
191:
142:
76:
73:11 December 2013
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1723:Modern painters
1678:
1677:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1644:(in Portuguese)
1643:
1642:
1635:
1629:(in Portuguese)
1628:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1515:(in Portuguese)
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1485:(in Portuguese)
1484:
1483:
1479:
1470:(in Portuguese)
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1452:(in Portuguese)
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1400:(in Portuguese)
1392:Afonso, Nadir.
1390:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:(in Portuguese)
1344:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1262:discouraged by
1238:
1234:
1227:
889:
739:
691:
685:
644:Because of his
600:
581:Victor Vasarely
565:
549:Pompidou Center
515:solo exhibition
504:Victor Vasarely
484:
444:Victor Vasarely
381:Hôtel des Mines
363:
347:art exhibitions
303:
301:Formative years
298:
257:Victor Vasarely
189:
140:
112:
87:
78:
74:
65:
56:
55:4 December 1920
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1654:
1653:External links
1651:
1649:
1648:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1507:
1492:
1477:
1462:
1436:
1410:
1373:
1348:
1334:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1101:
1094:
1080:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1035:
1021:
1007:
993:
979:
965:
951:
937:
919:
912:
905:
897:
896:
888:
885:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
822:
819:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
785:
779:
772:
765:
762:
738:
735:
687:Main article:
684:
681:
642:
641:
599:
596:
595:
594:
564:
561:
553:Pritzker Prize
483:
480:
452:Auguste Herbin
436:Oscar Niemeyer
362:
359:
302:
299:
297:
294:
265:Auguste Herbin
249:Oscar Niemeyer
222:
221:
218:
217:
207:Auguste Herbin
192:
186:
185:
182:
181:
175:
171:
170:
156:
152:
151:
143:
137:
136:
127:
126:Known for
123:
122:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
79:
77:(aged 93)
71:
67:
66:
57:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1750:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1640:
1638:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1426:on 2007-09-27
1425:
1421:
1414:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:on 2007-03-10
1362:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1338:
1324:on 2007-09-27
1323:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:for footnotes
1265:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
898:
894:
893:
892:
887:Written works
884:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:84-96011-43-7
827:
823:
820:
817:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:
786:
784:
780:
777:
773:
770:
766:
763:
760:
756:
755:
754:
748:
743:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:acrylic paint
696:
690:
680:
678:
673:
669:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:and ruled by
612:
608:
604:
593:
590:
589:
588:
586:
582:
576:
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
544:
542:
534:
530:
525:
521:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:Roger Garaudy
497:
493:
489:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:Chiado Museum
465:
464:Espacillimité
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
394:Fernand Léger
391:
386:
385:Latin Quarter
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
336:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
293:
291:
289:
283:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
261:Fernand Léger
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
228:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
148:
144:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
68:
64:
60:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1520:, 1995, p.15
1517:
1510:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1475:, 1990, p.28
1472:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1447:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1413:
1402:. Retrieved
1395:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1351:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1312:
1293:
1284:
1277:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1119:Obra Gravada
1118:
1105:Nadir Afonso
1104:
1098:Nadir Afonso
1097:
1083:
1070:Nadir Afonso
1069:
1063:Nadir Afonso
1062:
1038:
1024:
1010:
996:
982:
968:
954:
940:
926:
922:
915:
908:
901:
890:
881:
815:
775:
768:
752:
749:Metro (1998)
726:
722:
717:
715:
710:
692:
676:
671:
667:
664:
662:
657:
653:
643:
638:
630:
622:
618:
601:
591:
577:
568:
566:
545:
540:
538:
532:
518:
512:
507:
485:
475:
471:
463:
459:
433:
417:Architecture
412:
398:
390:Le Corbusier
380:
374:
364:
350:
343:Independents
339:
335:Architecture
319:
304:
287:
284:
273:
245:Le Corbusier
241:architecture
227:Nadir Afonso
226:
225:
215:Le Corbusier
146:
141:Notable work
134:Architecture
113:
103:
75:(2013-12-11)
23:Nadir Afonso
1693:2013 deaths
1688:1920 births
1578:(in French)
1500:(in French)
1287:August 2019
1279:quick guide
781:1961, 1969
737:Exhibitions
646:rationalism
557:Álvaro Siza
446:(father of
440:kinetic art
253:Kinetic art
163:Kinetic art
92:Nationality
1682:Categories
1456:2007-05-02
1430:2007-05-02
1404:2007-05-02
1367:2007-05-02
1328:2007-05-14
1225:References
1056:Monographs
695:serigraphs
607:subjective
502:, painter
492:aesthetics
456:André Bloc
405:aesthetics
280:aesthetics
269:André Bloc
211:André Bloc
95:Portuguese
51:1920-12-04
1251:loc. cit.
650:Kandinsky
611:objective
569:A Ribeira
351:A Ribeira
326:geometric
296:Biography
195:Portinari
190:Patron(s)
100:Education
860:, Porto.
761:, Lisbon
683:Artworks
679:series.
627:geometry
496:geometry
431:period.
429:Egyptian
311:Portugal
276:geometry
199:Vasarely
155:Movement
130:Painting
85:Portugal
63:Portugal
778:, Paris
771:, Paris
723:Seville
707:gouache
629:-based
533:Sevilla
529:Cascais
425:Baroque
421:science
383:in the
278:-based
81:Cascais
1619:, p.19
1607:, p.28
1595:, p.27
1583:, 1970
1568:, p.14
1556:, p.48
1544:, p.29
1532:, p.10
1505:, 1958
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1159:2008:
1153:
1145:2008:
1139:
1131:2000:
1125:
1117:1999:
1111:
1103:1998:
1096:1994:
1090:
1082:1990:
1076:
1068:1986:
1045:
1031:
1017:
1003:
989:
975:
961:
947:
933:
828:
747:Lisbon
718:Cities
711:Cities
703:canvas
677:Cities
585:op art
488:Chaves
448:Op-art
409:thesis
355:Lisbon
322:rhythm
307:Chaves
290:series
288:Cities
267:, and
174:Awards
167:Op art
161:(also
149:series
147:Cities
110:Oporto
59:Chaves
1245:ibid.
1037:2010
1023:2010
1009:2008
995:2005
981:2003
967:2003
953:2002
939:2000
921:1983
914:1974
907:1970
900:1958
774:1959
419:is a
367:Paris
330:Porto
315:gypsy
203:Léger
120:Paris
1617:Idem
1605:Idem
1593:Idem
1566:Idem
1554:Idem
1542:Idem
1530:Idem
1260:are
1257:idem
1254:and
1215:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1015:ISBN
1001:ISBN
987:ISBN
973:ISBN
959:ISBN
945:ISBN
931:ISBN
826:ISBN
725:and
615:laws
324:and
247:and
232:GOSE
70:Died
41:Born
701:on
603:Art
415:. "
1684::
1636:^
1376:^
1248:,
733:.
621:,
617:.
396:.
309:,
271:.
263:,
259:,
229:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
197:,
165:,
132:,
118:,
108:,
83:,
61:,
1459:.
1450:"
1446:"
1433:.
1407:.
1398:"
1370:.
1331:.
1300:)
1294:(
1289:)
1285:(
1276:(
832:)
547:(
535:.
169:)
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
