211:
a challenge because it is necessary to develop electrodes that meet the requirements of high-energy density and high cycling stability while also being cost-efficient. NaSICON-based electrode materials are known for their wide range of electrochemical potentials, high ionic conductivity, and most importantly their structural and thermal stabilities. NaSICON-type cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries have a mechanically robust three-dimensional (3D) framework with open channels that endow it with the capability for fast ionic diffusion. A strong and lasting structural framework allows for repeated
48:
20:
2315:
2339:
2327:
870:
298:
introduces a critical issue in real applications. This concern holds true for other electrodes based on costly 3d transition metal elements such as Ni- or Co-based electrodes. The most abundant and non-toxic 3d element, iron, is the favored choice as the redox center in the polyanionic or mixed-polyanion system.
140:, depends on the NASICON composition, on the site occupancy, and on the oxygen content in the surrounding atmosphere. The conductivity decreases for x < 2 or when all Si is substituted for P in the crystal lattice (and vice versa); it can be increased by adding a rare-earth compound to NASICON, such as
1172:
Considering LZP, it is predicted to be electrochemically stable in contact with metallic lithium; the main limitation arises from the low ionic conductivity of the room-temperature triclinic phase. Proper elemental doping is an effective route to both stabilize the rhombohedral phase below 50 °C
1168:
A high-capacity lithium metal anode could not be coupled with a LATP solid electrolyte, because of Ti reduction and fast electrolyte decomposition; on the other hand, the reactivity of LAGP in contact with lithium at very negative potentials is still debated, but protective interlayers could be added
548:
c) between 25 and 60 °C. The rhombohedral phase is characterized by higher values of ionic conductivity (8Ă10 S/cm at 150 °C) compared to the triclinic phase (â 8Ă10 S/cm at room temperature): such difference may be ascribed to the peculiar distorted tetrahedral coordination of lithium ions
210:
The development of sodium-ion batteries is important since it makes use of an earth-abundant material and can serve as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries which are experiencing ever-increasing demand despite the limited availability of lithium. Developing high-performance sodium-ion batteries is
225:
NaSICON cathodes typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity and low specific capacity which severely limits their practical applications. Efforts to enhance the movement of electrons, or electrical conductivity, include particle downsizing and carbon-coating which have both been reported to
616:
tetrahedra are arranged in a rhombohedral unit cell. The LTP crystal structure is stable down to 100 K and is characterized by a small coefficient of thermal expansion. LTP shows low ionic conductivity at room temperature, around 10 S/cm; however, it can be effectively increased by elemental
297:
of 400 W h kg. Vanadium-based compounds exhibit satisfactory high energy densities that are comparable to those of lithium-ion batteries as they operate through multi-electron redox reactions (V3+/V4+ and V4+/V5+) and a high operating voltage. The use of vanadium is toxic and expensive which
1124:
Phosphate-based materials with a NASICON crystal structure, especially LATP and LAGP, are good candidates as solid-state electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, even if their average ionic conductivity (â10 - 10 S/cm) is lower compared to other classes of solid electrolytes like
106:, 0 < x < 3. In a broader sense, it is also used for similar compounds where Na, Zr and/or Si are replaced by isovalent elements. NASICON compounds have high ionic conductivities, on the order of 10 S/cm, which rival those of liquid
2084:
Reddy, I. Neelakanta; Akkinepally, Bhargav; Reddy, Ch. Venkata; Sreedhar, Adem; Ko, Tae Jo; Shim, Jaesool (September 2020). "A systematic study of annealing environment and Al dopant effect on NASICON-type LiZr2(PO4)3 solid electrolyte".
709:= 0.3 - 0.5) are optimized. The increase of conductivity is attributed to the larger number of mobile lithium ions necessary to balance the extra electrical charge after Ti replacement by Al, together with a contraction of the
1112:
183:. Some NASICONs exhibit a low thermal expansion coefficient (< 10 K), which is useful for precision instruments and household ovenware. NASICONs can be doped with rare-earth elements, such as Eu, and used as
1337:
Singh, Baltej; Wang, Ziliang; Park, Sunkyu; Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai; Chotard, Jean-Noël; Croguennec, Laurence; Carlier, Dany; Cheetham, Anthony K.; Masquelier, Christian; Canepa, Pieremanuele (2021-01-05).
849:
857:
of the LATP material (from 3Ă10 S/cm to 2.9Ă10 S/cm), leading to the degradation of the material and to the ultimate cell failure if LATP is used as a solid electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery with
974:. Contrary to LGP, the room-temperature ionic conductivity of LAGP spans from 10 S/cm up to 10 S/cm, depending on the microstructure and on the aluminium content, with an optimal composition for
2464:
654:
222:
ion de-/insertions with relatively high operating potentials. Its high safety, high potential, and low volume change make NaSICON a promising candidate for sodium-ion battery cathodes.
1116:
However, the stability of the lithium anode-LAGP interface is still not fully clarified and the formation of detrimental interlayers with subsequent battery failure has been reported.
2672:
3296:
167:, react with molten sodium at 300 °C, and therefore are unsuitable for electric batteries that use sodium as an electrode. However, a NASICON membrane is being considered for
3865:
2516:
2491:
229:
It is important to consider the relationship between lattice parameters and activation energy as the change in lattice size has a direct influence on the size of the pathway for
3042:
1467:"New promising NASICON material as solid electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries: Correlation between composition, crystal structure and ionic conductivity of Na3+xSc2SixP3âxO12"
1598:
Chen, Mingzhe; Hua, Weibo; Xiao, Jin; Cortie, David; Chen, Weihua; Wang, Enhui; Hu, Zhe; Gu, Qinfen; Wang, Xiaolin; Indris, Sylvio; Chou, Shu-Lei; Dou, Shi-Xue (2019-04-01).
918:
octahedra in the rhombohedral unit cell. Similarly to LTP, the ionic conductivity of pure LGP is low and can be improved by doping the material with aliovalent elements like
3927:
3388:
3149:
3137:
3116:
877:
488:
136:
that share common corners. Sodium ions are located at two types of interstitial positions. They move among those sites through bottlenecks, whose size, and thus the NASICON
3880:
3847:
3424:
2976:
2522:
572:
2708:
3217:
716:
In spite of attractive conduction properties, LATP is highly unstable in contact with lithium metal, with formation of a lithium-rich phase at the interface and with
3829:
3640:
3169:
3033:
310:
phosphates also possess the NASICON structure and can be considered as the direct analogues of the sodium-based NASICONs. The general formula of such compounds is
3197:
3185:
2813:
2781:
1769:"Promising high-conductivity Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolytes: the effect of crystallization temperature on the microstructure and transport properties"
3635:
3576:
3564:
2695:
4761:
3552:
3540:
3452:
3403:
2797:
2719:
371:
tetrahedra, with lithium ions occupying the interstitial sites among them. Ionic conduction is ensured by lithium hopping among adjacent interstitial sites.
3235:
2995:
2740:
3945:
3805:
3528:
3209:
3104:
2861:
4486:
3699:
3687:
2964:
2932:
2843:
2511:
2499:
1267:
Anantharamulu, N.; Koteswara Rao, K.; Rambabu, G.; Vijaya Kumar, B.; Radha, V.; Vithal, M. (2011). "A wide-ranging review on
Nasicon type materials".
4476:
3711:
3477:
2873:
2826:
2732:
2724:
4466:
3419:
3240:
2009:"Temperature and processing effects on lithium ion conductivity of solutionâdeposited lithium zirconium phosphate (LiZr 2 P 3 O 12 ) thin films"
4456:
985:
LAGP is more stable than LATP against lithium metal anode, since the reduction reaction of Ge cations is a 4-electron reaction and has a high
4779:
4597:
4563:
4471:
4461:
4668:
4498:
4692:
2371:
994:
4617:
4021:
2163:"High efficiency aqueous and hybrid lithium-air batteries enabled by Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 ceramic anode-protecting membranes"
2538:
4915:
4766:
3920:
1869:"Beyond garnets, phosphates and phosphosulfides solid electrolytes: New ceramic perspectives for all solid lithium metal batteries"
4771:
725:
4864:
4838:
4818:
187:. Their electrical conductivity is sensitive to molecules in the ambient atmosphere, a phenomenon that can be used to detect CO
43:) (x = 2), which is the most common NASICON material; red: O, purple: Na, light green: Zr, dark green: sites shared by Si and P
2420:
1182:
923:
147:
NASICON materials can be prepared as single crystals, polycrystalline ceramic compacts, thin films or as a bulk glass called
552:
The ionic conductivity of LZP can be enhanced by elemental doping, for example replacing some of the zirconium cations with
207:
S gases. Other NASICON applications include catalysis, immobilization of radioactive waste, and sodium removal from water.
2202:"Correlating Transport and Structural Properties in Li 1+ x Al x Ge 2â x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) Prepared from Aqueous Solution"
1545:"Importance of Crystallographic Sites on Sodium-Ion Extraction from NASICON-Structured Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries"
1711:"Promises, Challenges, and Recent Progress of Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries"
705:. Ionic conductivity values as high as 1.9Ă10 S/cm can be achieved when the microstructure and the aluminium content (
1663:
Kim, Hyungsub; Kim, Haegyeom; Ding, Zhang; Lee, Myeong Hwan; Lim, Kyungmi; Yoon, Gabin; Kang, Kisuk (October 2016).
564:
atoms. In case of lanthanum doping, the room-temperature ionic conductivity of the material approaches 7.2Ă10 S/cm.
4043:
3962:
3322:
522:
168:
2364:
1428:"Highly Reversible Na Storage in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 by Optimizing Nanostructure and Rational Surface Engineering"
118:
The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968. It is a covalent network consisting of ZrO
4741:
1819:"Lithium-Ion Trapping from Local Structural Distortions in Sodium Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) Electrolytes"
1600:"NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density"
4383:
2125:
Zhang, Bingkai; Tan, Rui; Yang, Luyi; Zheng, Jiaxin; Zhang, Kecheng; Mo, Sijia; Lin, Zhan; Pan, Feng (2018).
2393:
3673:
2911:
2410:
4905:
2260:
Liu, Yijie; Li, Chao; Li, Bojie; Song, Hucheng; Cheng, Zhu; Chen, Minrui; He, Ping; Zhou, Haoshen (2018).
1379:"Advanced characterizations and measurements for sodium-ion batteries with NASICON-type cathode materials"
4813:
4358:
3520:
3092:
3084:
3051:
2658:
2554:
978:â 0.5. In both LATP and LAGP, non-conductive secondary phases are expected for larger aluminium content (
541:
720:
of Ti to Ti. Reduction of tetravalent titanium ions proceeds along a single-electron transfer reaction:
4946:
4131:
3716:
3436:
2644:
2630:
2620:
2357:
2305:
1466:
4941:
4443:
4112:
4079:
2564:
2446:
1377:
Liu, Yukun; Li, Jie; Shen, Qiuyu; Zhang, Jian; He, Pingge; Qu, Xuanhui; Liu, Yongchang (2022-01-01).
1158:
and high voltage stability, up to 6 V in the case of LAGP, enabling the use of high-voltage cathodes;
1505:
1339:
4094:
3912:
2007:
Brummel, Ian A.; Drury, Daniel E.; Kitahara, Andrew R.; El Gabaly, Farid; Ihlefeld, Jon F. (2021).
526:
2262:"Germanium Thin Film Protected Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate for Solid-State Li Batteries"
2261:
2162:
2126:
2054:
1944:
1868:
1192:
854:
375:
137:
110:. They are caused by hopping of Na ions among interstitial sites of the NASICON crystal lattice.
2200:
Weiss, Manuel; Weber, Dominik A.; Senyshyn, Anatoliy; Janek, JĂŒrgen; Zeier, Wolfgang G. (2018).
3464:
3069:
3011:
1709:
Gao, Zhonghui; Sun, Huabin; Fu, Lin; Ye, Fangliang; Zhang, Yi; Luo, Wei; Huang, Yunhui (2018).
1155:
4936:
4369:
3980:
3728:
1664:
1427:
4833:
3785:
3740:
2956:
2927:
2922:
2174:
1880:
1722:
1611:
1276:
83:
1426:
Jiang, Yu; Zhou, Xuefeng; Li, Dongjun; Cheng, Xiaolong; Liu, Fanfan; Yu, Yan (June 2018).
8:
4951:
4238:
3630:
3161:
2948:
2572:
1202:
379:
2178:
2055:"Enhanced lithium-ion conductivity in a LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 solid electrolyte by Al doping"
1884:
1726:
1615:
1280:
4491:
3752:
3469:
2580:
2388:
2289:
2102:
1980:
1896:
1796:
1746:
1684:
1640:
1599:
1580:
1447:
1408:
1292:
1197:
717:
360:. Similarly to sodium-based NASICONs, lithium-based NASICONs consist of a network of MO
180:
251:
ions to the next vacancy. A large hopping distance requires a high activation energy.
179:
The main application envisaged for NASICON materials is as the solid electrolyte in a
4749:
4340:
4197:
4003:
3900:
3793:
3776:
3768:
3609:
3597:
3511:
3506:
3310:
3256:
3023:
2878:
2834:
2590:
2456:
2380:
2293:
2281:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2106:
2030:
1984:
1972:
1964:
1900:
1838:
1800:
1788:
1738:
1688:
1645:
1627:
1584:
1572:
1564:
1525:
1486:
1451:
1412:
1400:
1359:
1296:
986:
1506:"Porous carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 with superior rate and low-temperature properties"
4895:
4602:
4318:
4252:
4179:
3817:
3678:
3588:
3494:
3028:
2940:
2906:
2760:
2486:
2319:
2273:
2213:
2186:
2182:
2138:
2094:
2070:
2066:
2020:
1956:
1892:
1888:
1830:
1780:
1750:
1730:
1676:
1635:
1619:
1556:
1517:
1478:
1439:
1390:
1351:
1319:
1284:
1234:
1225:
Fergus, J. W. (2012). "Ion transport in sodium ion conducting solid electrolytes".
537:
2201:
1544:
71:(x = 1); red: O, purple: Na, light green: Zr, dark green: sites shared by Si and P
4583:
4413:
4304:
4267:
4057:
3992:
3661:
3649:
3621:
3444:
3380:
3372:
3346:
3264:
3132:
2890:
2856:
2772:
2748:
2703:
1543:
Wang, Qianchen; Gao, Hongcai; Li, Jingbo; Liu, Gui-Bin; Jin, Haibo (2021-03-31).
549:
in the rhombohedral phase, along with the large number of available empty sites.
294:
4900:
4164:
3985:
3248:
3230:
3225:
2604:
2343:
2142:
2098:
1784:
1623:
1395:
1378:
1134:
1710:
1504:
Hu, Qiao; Yu, Mufan; Liao, Jiaying; Wen, Zhaoyin; Chen, Chunhua (2018-01-30).
1482:
1323:
1288:
1238:
4930:
4573:
4523:
4289:
4227:
3485:
3363:
3355:
3338:
2331:
2285:
2225:
2034:
1968:
1842:
1818:
1792:
1768:
1631:
1568:
1529:
1490:
1404:
1363:
1266:
2127:"Mechanisms and properties of ion-transport in inorganic solid electrolytes"
1767:
Pershina, S. V.; Pankratov, A. A.; Vovkotrub, E. G.; Antonov, B. D. (2019).
4890:
4828:
4398:
4212:
4149:
3966:
2277:
2241:
2217:
1976:
1960:
1945:"Synthesis and Properties of NaSICONâtype LATP and LAGP Solid Electrolytes"
1742:
1734:
1680:
1649:
1576:
1560:
1443:
1129:
and sulfides. However, the use of LATP and LAGP provides some advantages:
605:(LTP or LTPO), is another lithium-containing NASICON material in which TiO
4731:
4636:
4451:
107:
86:, which usually refers to a family of solids with the chemical formula Na
1340:"A chemical map of NaSICON electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries"
869:
4726:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4658:
4568:
4513:
4503:
3975:
2025:
2008:
1521:
1355:
133:
2338:
2233:
2053:
Zhang, Yibo; Chen, Kai; Shen, Yang; Lin, Yuanhua; Nan, Ce-Wen (2017).
1834:
525:
and interesting conduction properties. At room temperature, LZP has a
4823:
4673:
4663:
4612:
4607:
4518:
2402:
1310:
Knauth, P. (2009). "Inorganic solid Li ion conductors: An overview".
919:
650:
618:
610:
561:
553:
365:
349:
345:
122:
47:
19:
2349:
1817:
Francisco, Brian E.; Stoldt, Conrad R.; MâPeko, Jean-Claude (2014).
1107:{\displaystyle {\ce {2LiGe2(PO4)3 + 4Li -> 3GeO2 + 6LiPO3 + Ge}}}
4687:
4622:
4528:
642:
634:
622:
557:
341:
184:
4558:
4543:
4481:
2326:
1766:
1665:"Recent Progress in Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries"
1187:
858:
853:
Both phenomena are responsible for a significant increase of the
646:
626:
353:
307:
79:
1867:
Campanella, Daniele; Belanger, Daniel; Paolella, Andrea (2021).
910:(LGP), is closely similar to LTP, except for the presence of GeO
3079:
1126:
638:
293:
compounds are considered promising cathodes with a theoretical
141:
3064:
2083:
2006:
3276:
844:{\displaystyle {\ce {LiTi2(PO4)3 + Li -> Li2Ti2(PO4)3}}}
630:
1866:
1161:
Low toxicity compared to sulfide-based solid electrolytes;
390:
The most investigated lithium-based NASICON materials are
1094:
1074:
1044:
1031:
1013:
837:
824:
806:
793:
771:
758:
740:
357:
174:
2199:
1119:
374:
Lithium NASICONs are promising materials to be used as
151:. Most of them, except NASIGLAS and phosphorus-free Na
2303:
1816:
1140:, with no release of harmful gases or formation of Li
997:
728:
617:
substitution with isovalent or aliovalent elements (
1336:
521:(LZP), has been extensively studied because of its
1106:
843:
240:conduction as well as the hopping distance of the
2124:
1597:
4928:
2052:
1464:
1425:
3976:Hemolithin (extraterrestrial protein)
1465:Guin, M.; Tietz, F.; Guillon, O. (2016-10-01).
1376:
864:
483:
2365:
2160:
1662:
1133:Excellent stability in humid air and against
567:
2161:Safanama, Dorsasadat; Adams, Stefan (2017).
1542:
2259:
1503:
2372:
2358:
1942:
1708:
2024:
1639:
1394:
1083:
1063:
1053:
1002:
226:improve the electrochemical performance.
4916:Environmentally friendly red light flare
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1220:
1218:
868:
653:). The most common derivative of LTP is
46:
18:
2013:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
4929:
4819:Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation
2255:
2253:
2251:
2206:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1549:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1309:
1224:
1169:to improve the interfacial stability.
175:Development and potential applications
2379:
2353:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1812:
1810:
1762:
1760:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1303:
1245:
1215:
1183:Lithium aluminium germanium phosphate
924:lithium aluminium germanium phosphate
340:, where M identifies an element like
1173:and improve the ionic conductivity.
1120:Application in lithium-ion batteries
655:lithium aluminium titanium phosphate
385:
301:
2248:
13:
2149:
2113:
2041:
1991:
1943:DeWees, Rachel; Wang, Hui (2019).
1907:
1849:
1807:
1757:
1695:
14:
4963:
657:(LATP), whose general formula is
2337:
2325:
2313:
1510:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
1344:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
1156:electrochemical stability window
2193:
2077:
1656:
1591:
2187:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.076
2071:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.198
1893:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228949
1536:
1497:
1458:
1419:
1370:
1330:
1164:Low cost and easy preparation.
1057:
1034:
1018:
827:
811:
780:
761:
745:
542:rhombohedral crystal structure
171:where the sodium stays solid.
1:
4906:Magnesiumâlithium alloys
1208:
1151:High stability against water;
113:
1269:Journal of Materials Science
713:axis of the LATP unit cell.
491:, identified by the formula
7:
4575:Lithiophilite LiMnPO
1176:
878:Lithium germanium phosphate
865:Lithium germanium phosphate
527:triclinic crystal structure
489:Lithium zirconium phosphate
484:Lithium zirconium phosphate
10:
4968:
2143:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.08.015
2099:10.1007/s11581-020-03622-5
1785:10.1007/s11581-019-03021-5
1624:10.1038/s41467-019-09170-5
1396:10.1016/j.esci.2021.12.008
573:Lithium titanium phosphate
568:Lithium titanium phosphate
4806:
4740:
4675:Spodumene LiAl(SiO
4585:Lithiophosphate Li
4505:Eucryptite LiAlSiO
4442:
3961:
2387:
2266:Advanced Energy Materials
1669:Advanced Energy Materials
1483:10.1016/j.ssi.2016.06.005
1432:Advanced Energy Materials
1324:10.1016/j.ssi.2009.03.022
1289:10.1007/s10853-011-5302-5
1239:10.1016/j.ssi.2012.09.019
4814:Aluminiumâlithium alloys
4704:Triphylite LiFePO
4638:Pezzottaite Cs(Be
2167:Journal of Power Sources
2131:Energy Storage Materials
1873:Journal of Power Sources
914:octahedra instead of TiO
16:Class of solid materials
4530:Jadarite LiNaSiB
1193:Solid-state electrolyte
855:electronic conductivity
575:, with general formula
364:octahedra connected by
169:a sodium-sulfur battery
138:electrical conductivity
4624:Petalite LiAlSi
4545:Keatite Li(AlSi
3981:Organolithium reagents
2278:10.1002/aenm.201702374
2218:10.1021/acsami.8b00842
2059:Ceramics International
1961:10.1002/cssc.201900725
1823:Chemistry of Materials
1735:10.1002/adma.201705702
1681:10.1002/aenm.201600943
1561:10.1021/acsami.1c01663
1444:10.1002/aenm.201800068
1108:
874:
873:LGP crystal structure.
845:
72:
44:
1604:Nature Communications
1109:
872:
846:
380:lithium-ion batteries
84:super ionic conductor
50:
22:
4714:Zabuyelite Li
995:
726:
2212:(13): 10935â10944.
2179:2017JPS...340..294S
1885:2021JPS...48228949C
1727:2018AdM....3005702G
1616:2019NatCo..10.1480C
1555:(12): 14312â14320.
1281:2011JMatS..46.2821A
1203:Lithium-ion battery
1096:
1076:
1046:
1033:
1015:
839:
826:
808:
795:
773:
760:
742:
378:in all-solid-state
51:One unit cell of Na
23:2Ă2 unit cell of Na
4834:Lithium medication
4492:Fluor-liddicoatite
4408: Vinyllithium
2026:10.1111/jace.17483
1715:Advanced Materials
1522:10.1039/C7TA10207K
1471:Solid State Ionics
1356:10.1039/D0TA10688G
1318:(14â16): 911â916.
1312:Solid State Ionics
1227:Solid State Ionics
1198:Sodium-ion battery
1148:passivating layer;
1104:
1084:
1064:
1021:
1016:
1003:
875:
841:
814:
809:
796:
783:
748:
743:
730:
536:) and undergoes a
376:solid electrolytes
254:NaSICON-phosphate
181:sodium-ion battery
73:
45:
4947:Lithium compounds
4924:
4923:
2381:Lithium compounds
1955:(16): 3713â3725.
1835:10.1021/cm5013872
1829:(16): 4741â4749.
1779:(10): 4713â4725.
1102:
1087:
1067:
1056:
1024:
1006:
982:> 0.5 - 0.6).
817:
799:
786:
779:
751:
733:
386:Relevant examples
302:Lithium analogues
82:for sodium (Na)
4959:
4942:Sodium compounds
4896:Lithium Triangle
4807:Other Li-related
4722:
4708:
4683:
4654:
4632:
4603:Manganoneptunite
4593:
4579:
4554:
4539:
4509:
4487:Fluorine Elbaite
4434:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4409:
4394:
4379:
4365:
4354:
4336:
4314:
4300:
4285:
4263:
4248:
4234:
4223:
4208:
4193:
4175:
4160:
4145:
4127:
4108:
4090:
4075:
4053:
4039:
4017:
3999:
3941:
3876:
3861:
3843:
3399:
3306:
3075:
2991:
2918:
2715:
2691:
2668:
2654:
2640:
2626:
2600:
2586:
2560:
2482:
2452:
2442:
2416:
2396:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2093:(9): 4287â4298.
2081:
2075:
2074:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2004:
1989:
1988:
1940:
1905:
1904:
1864:
1847:
1846:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1516:(5): 2365â2370.
1501:
1495:
1494:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1398:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1264:
1243:
1242:
1222:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1065:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1004:
973:
972:
971:
963:
962:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
909:
908:
907:
899:
898:
890:
889:
859:metallic lithium
850:
848:
847:
842:
840:
838:
835:
830:
825:
822:
815:
807:
804:
797:
794:
791:
784:
777:
772:
769:
764:
759:
756:
749:
741:
738:
731:
704:
703:
702:
694:
693:
685:
684:
676:
675:
667:
666:
604:
603:
602:
594:
593:
585:
584:
547:
538:phase transition
535:
520:
519:
518:
510:
509:
501:
500:
479:
478:
477:
469:
468:
460:
459:
449:
448:
447:
439:
438:
430:
429:
419:
418:
417:
409:
408:
400:
399:
339:
338:
337:
329:
328:
320:
319:
292:
291:
290:
282:
281:
273:
272:
264:
263:
250:
249:
248:
239:
238:
237:
221:
220:
219:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4775:
4757:
4753:
4736:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4574:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4508:
4504:
4477:Darrellhenryite
4438:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3993:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:Neodymium-doped
3916:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3682:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3644:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3515:
3502:
3498:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3428:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3074:
3070:
3059:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2865:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2272:(16): 1702374.
2258:
2249:
2198:
2194:
2159:
2150:
2123:
2114:
2082:
2078:
2051:
2042:
2005:
1992:
1941:
1908:
1865:
1850:
1815:
1808:
1765:
1758:
1721:(17): 1705702.
1707:
1696:
1675:(19): 1600943.
1661:
1657:
1596:
1592:
1541:
1537:
1502:
1498:
1463:
1459:
1438:(16): 1800068.
1424:
1420:
1375:
1371:
1335:
1331:
1308:
1304:
1265:
1246:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1179:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1122:
1093:
1088:
1073:
1068:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1007:
998:
996:
993:
992:
970:
967:
966:
965:
961:
958:
957:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
943:
940:
939:
938:
934:
931:
930:
929:
927:
922:, resulting in
917:
913:
906:
903:
902:
901:
897:
894:
893:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
881:
867:
836:
831:
823:
818:
810:
805:
800:
792:
787:
770:
765:
757:
752:
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:
724:
723:
701:
698:
697:
696:
692:
689:
688:
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
658:
614:
608:
601:
598:
597:
596:
592:
589:
588:
587:
583:
580:
579:
578:
576:
570:
545:
533:
517:
514:
513:
512:
508:
505:
504:
503:
499:
496:
495:
494:
492:
486:
476:
473:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:
462:
458:
455:
454:
453:
451:
446:
443:
442:
441:
437:
434:
433:
432:
428:
425:
424:
423:
421:
416:
413:
412:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
398:
395:
394:
393:
391:
388:
369:
363:
336:
333:
332:
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
318:
315:
314:
313:
311:
304:
295:specific energy
289:
286:
285:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
266:
262:
259:
258:
257:
255:
247:
245:
244:
243:
241:
236:
234:
233:
232:
230:
218:
216:
215:
214:
212:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
177:
166:
162:
158:
154:
132:
128:
121:
116:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4901:Lucifer yellow
4898:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Cryolithionite
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4428:
4419:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3986:Gilman reagent
3978:
3972:
3970:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2300:
2299:
2247:
2192:
2148:
2112:
2076:
2040:
2019:(2): 711â721.
1990:
1906:
1848:
1806:
1756:
1694:
1655:
1590:
1535:
1496:
1457:
1418:
1369:
1350:(1): 281â292.
1329:
1302:
1244:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1121:
1118:
1099:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1010:
1001:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
915:
911:
904:
895:
886:
866:
863:
861:as the anode.
834:
829:
821:
813:
803:
790:
782:
776:
768:
763:
755:
747:
737:
699:
690:
681:
672:
663:
612:
609:octahedra and
606:
599:
590:
581:
569:
566:
515:
506:
497:
485:
482:
474:
465:
456:
444:
435:
426:
414:
405:
396:
387:
384:
367:
361:
334:
325:
316:
303:
300:
287:
278:
269:
260:
246:
235:
217:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
176:
173:
164:
160:
156:
152:
130:
126:
119:
115:
112:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4964:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4635:
4633:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4582:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4542:
4540:
4527:
4525:
4524:Hsianghualite
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4412:
4410:
4397:
4395:
4382:
4380:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4355:
4339:
4337:
4317:
4315:
4303:
4301:
4288:
4286:
4266:
4264:
4251:
4249:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4224:
4211:
4209:
4196:
4194:
4178:
4176:
4163:
4161:
4148:
4146:
4130:
4128:
4111:
4109:
4093:
4091:
4078:
4076:
4056:
4054:
4042:
4040:
4020:
4018:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3879:
3877:
3864:
3862:
3846:
3844:
3828:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3751:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3402:
3400:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3295:
3293:
3275:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3115:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3050:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2994:
2992:
2975:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2812:
2810:
2796:
2794:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2671:
2669:
2657:
2655:
2643:
2641:
2629:
2627:
2619:
2617:
2603:
2601:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2535:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2443:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2065:: S598âS602.
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1114:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1077:
1069:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1039:
1026:
1008:
999:
990:
988:
983:
981:
977:
925:
921:
879:
871:
862:
860:
856:
851:
832:
819:
801:
788:
774:
766:
753:
735:
721:
719:
714:
712:
708:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
574:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
543:
539:
532:
528:
524:
490:
481:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
309:
299:
296:
252:
227:
223:
208:
186:
182:
172:
170:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
124:
111:
109:
85:
81:
77:
49:
21:
4937:Electrolytes
4910:
4891:Lithium soap
4879:
4873:
4867:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4829:Lithium atom
4742:Hypothetical
4457:Berezanskite
2269:
2265:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2170:
2166:
2134:
2130:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2062:
2058:
2016:
2012:
1952:
1948:
1876:
1872:
1826:
1822:
1776:
1772:
1718:
1714:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1389:(1): 10â31.
1386:
1382:
1372:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1272:
1268:
1230:
1226:
1171:
1167:
1123:
1115:
991:
984:
979:
975:
876:
852:
722:
715:
710:
706:
571:
551:
530:
523:polymorphism
487:
389:
373:
305:
253:
228:
224:
209:
178:
148:
146:
117:
108:electrolytes
75:
74:
4732:Zinnwaldite
4598:Manandonite
4564:Lavinskyite
4472:Darapiosite
4462:Brannockite
4452:Amblygonite
2777:CH(OH)COOLi
2173:: 294â301.
2137:: 139â159.
1949:ChemSusChem
1610:(1): 1480.
1275:(9): 2821.
1233:: 102â112.
4952:Phosphates
4931:Categories
4780:(HeO)(LiF)
4727:Zektzerite
4698:Tourmaline
4669:Sogdianite
4659:Rossmanite
4569:Lepidolite
4514:Faizievite
4499:Emeleusite
1879:: 228949.
1209:References
134:tetrahedra
114:Properties
4824:LB buffer
4693:Tiptopite
4664:Saliotite
4613:Neptunite
4608:Nambulite
4519:Hectorite
2389:Inorganic
2320:Chemistry
2294:103584410
2286:1614-6840
2226:1944-8244
2107:219183976
2035:0002-7820
1985:167209150
1969:1864-5631
1901:224953720
1843:0897-4756
1801:182714008
1793:1862-0760
1689:100280194
1632:2041-1723
1585:232309319
1569:1944-8244
1530:2050-7496
1491:0167-2738
1477:: 18â26.
1452:104243685
1413:245575050
1405:2667-1417
1364:2050-7496
1297:136385448
1058:⟶
989:barrier:
920:aluminium
781:⟶
718:reduction
562:aluminium
554:lanthanum
350:zirconium
346:germanium
185:phosphors
123:octahedra
4688:Sugilite
4618:Olympite
4444:Minerals
4045:LiN(SiMe
2242:29516733
1977:31132230
1743:29468745
1650:30931938
1577:33749228
1383:eScience
1177:See also
926:(LAGP),
558:titanium
342:titanium
195:, NO, NO
149:NASIGLAS
4911:NASICON
4559:Kunzite
4482:Elbaite
4371:LiOC(CH
3965: (
3963:Organic
2710:LiBr·2H
2344:Science
2306:Portals
2234:1434719
2175:Bibcode
1881:Bibcode
1751:5011915
1723:Bibcode
1641:6443767
1612:Bibcode
1277:Bibcode
1188:LISICON
1127:garnets
987:kinetic
354:hafnium
308:lithium
80:acronym
76:NASICON
4767:LiFHeO
4185:CHLiCH
3437:LiNaNO
3080:FLiNaK
3071:LiFePO
2913:LiCl·H
2412:LiAlCl
2394:(list)
2391:
2332:Energy
2292:
2284:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2105:
2087:Ionics
2033:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1899:
1841:
1799:
1791:
1773:Ionics
1749:
1741:
1687:
1648:
1638:
1630:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1528:
1489:
1450:
1411:
1403:
1362:
1295:
450:, and
142:yttria
125:and PO
78:is an
4789:2/3-x
4762:HLiHe
4642:Li)Al
4096:LiN(C
3998:COOLi
3967:soaps
3769:LiTaO
3631:LiSCN
3445:LiNbO
3218:LiHSO
3210:LiHSO
3162:LiHCO
3085:LiGaH
3065:FLiBe
3012:CsLiB
2957:LiCoO
2949:LiClO
2941:LiClO
2933:LiClO
2923:LiClO
2874:LiCNO
2827:LiCHO
2814:Li(CH
2741:LiBrO
2733:LiBrO
2725:LiBrO
2720:LiBrO
2696:LiBSi
2622:LiAsF
2539:LiB(C
2523:LiB(C
2492:LiAsF
2457:LiAlO
2448:LiAlH
2290:S2CID
2103:S2CID
1981:S2CID
1897:S2CID
1797:S2CID
1747:S2CID
1685:S2CID
1581:S2CID
1448:S2CID
1409:S2CID
1293:S2CID
1154:Wide
560:, or
356:, or
306:Some
203:and H
4865:LiNi
4839:LiNi
4772:LiHe
4360:LiEt
4324:C(CH
4013:LiNO
3929:LiZr
3913:LiYF
3867:LiVO
3849:LiTi
3786:LiTe
3712:LiSi
3641:LiSO
3636:LiSH
3521:LiPF
3507:LiOH
3429:NaPO
3420:LiNa
3390:LiNO
3381:LiNO
3373:LiNO
3356:LiNH
3298:LiMn
3257:LiIO
3249:LiIO
3241:LiIO
3236:LiIO
3226:LiHe
3174:H(CO
3154:HAsO
3117:LiGe
2928:LiFO
2907:LiCl
2857:LiCN
2835:LiCH
2761:LiCF
2704:LiBr
2582:LiBO
2573:LiBH
2565:LiBF
2556:LiWF
2512:LiAt
2487:LiAs
2466:LiAl
2282:ISSN
2238:PMID
2230:OSTI
2222:ISSN
2031:ISSN
1973:PMID
1965:ISSN
1839:ISSN
1789:ISSN
1739:PMID
1646:PMID
1628:ISSN
1573:PMID
1565:ISSN
1526:ISSN
1487:ISSN
1401:ISSN
1360:ISSN
1086:LiPO
1005:LiGe
882:LiGe
732:LiTi
577:LiTi
493:LiZr
452:LiGe
422:LiTi
392:LiZr
199:, NH
191:, SO
129:/SiO
63:)(PO
59:(SiO
31:(SiO
4795:TiO
4433:COO
4415:LiC
4400:LiC
4393:LiN
4350:LiO
4320:LiO
4306:LiC
4277:LiN
4240:LiC
4222:BLi
4207:CLi
4199:(CH
4141:LiO
4126:PLi
4023:LiC
3950:ZrO
3933:(PO
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