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musical performances present tourists with some aspects of the musical culture of
Vietnam, though musicians also play westernized folk music to cater to foreigners' tastes because of economic necessity. The cultural industry in Vietnam shows a positive tendency towards prosperity. Some excellent musical festivals have taken place, namely the Lullaby Festival, modernized Theater Festival, Theater Song contest, the Traditional Theater Festival, etc. A considerable amount of film music has been composed to enrich the film industry in Vietnam. Furthermore, the Institute of Musicology has played an important role in the preservation and academic research of Vietnamese music. The institute is well using modern technology to help restore and preserve Vietnamese music and songs on compact discs for the longer and better conservation of sound documents. Stored in the Sound Archives of the Institute of Musicology are 8,850 pieces of instrumental music and nearly 18,000 folk songs performed by more or less 2,000 performers. Thousands of technology products in the form of an audio CD, video CD, and videotapes featuring performances on folk music have been released.
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Asian musical cultures on
Vietnamese music can be seen in particular instruments such as the flutes, zithers, harps, and erhu. However, the recovery of an almost complete stringed instrument from a deer antler dated to 2,000 years old and shows clear similarities with traditional Vietnamese musical instruments indicate that these traditional instruments have ancient origins.
1230:, Văn Mai Hương,... These singers tend to view singing as a hobby, therefore not being labeled as mainstream artists. Overall, the quality of recording and the style of music videos in Vietnam has improved a lot compared to the past years due to many private productions and also overseas Vietnamese coming back to produce a combination of Western and Vietnamese music.
1749:- Page 152 Huế Monuments Conservation Center, Ủy ban quốc gia Unesco của Việt Nam, Viện nghiên cứu âm nhạc (Vietnam) - 2004 "What is Dai nhac (great music) and what is Tieu nhac (small music)? On basis of terminology and canon-like document, there are some notions for our deep concern: - Nha nhac is a genre of music used by Chinese emperors in sacrifices to ..."
1720:- Volumes 3-4 - Page 67 Cultural and Social Centre for the Asian and Pacific Region - 1971 "Đại nhạc (literally : great music) or Cd xuy Đại nhạc iW&^k.1^), composed ... Tiểu nhạc (literally :small music) or // true Tiểu nhạc (UYrB%:) : small group of silk or stringed instruments and bamboo flute. Ty khanh: ...
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The embrace of modern pop music culture has increased, as each new generation of people in
Vietnam has become more exposed to and influenced by Westernized music, along with the fashion styles of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. Musical production has improved and expanded over the years as
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Court Music "He with the profound knowledge about
Vietnamese Court Music not only taught the performance skill of such repertoires as Liên hoàn, Bình bán, Tây mai, Kim tiền, Xuân phong, Long hổ, Tẩu mã extracted from Ten bản ngự (Small music); Mã vũ, Man (Great music) but introduced their origin and
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The early 1990s Hip Hop import into
Vietnam. However, due to language limitations, the number of listeners is not much. Until the early 2000s, hip hop began to grow in Vietnam become a movement of young people. Not long after that, the movement quickly subsided and many turned their backs on Hip Hop
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economic reformation began in 1986, an increasing number of foreign tourists have visited
Vietnam, constructing a new dimension to the musical life of the country. Many hotels and restaurants have hired musicians who played traditional Vietnamese music to entertain their new customers. Spectacles of
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After the fall of Saigon in 1975 , there was strict control over cultural expressions , many musicians were forced to move to other countries, those who remained had to adhere to the government rules. The music themes shifted to reflecting the government propaganda and the styles became more uniform
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The
Vietnam War had a profound impact on Vietnamese music, inspiring many protest songs and influencing the development of modern Vietnamese music, the introduction of rock came with use of electric guitars to create more aggressive sound on the songs. The main genres that were common in this period
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and others have performed along with other singers from different Asian countries. During the recent years, such as 2006 and beyond, Vietnamese pop music has tremendously improved from years past. Vietnamese music has been able to widen its reach to audiences nationally and also overseas. There are
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Until the early 2005s new groups and communities were born Most prominent is Wowy a famous rapper in
Vietnam in 2005s, and DSK ("Die Sonnen Kinder" or "Da Sun Kid") is called "King Of Rap". After that, he teamed up with Karik to become a very famous rapper couple in Vietnam in 2005s–2010s. Another
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Traditional
Vietnamese music has been mainly used for religious activities, in daily life, and in traditional festivals. The music is considerably diverse due to Vietnam's ethnic population. Moreover, each of Vietnam's ethnic groups owns many unique types of musical instruments. The influence of
562:) is a popular folk music which is said to have begun with ca nương, a female singer who charmed the enemy with her voice. Most singers remain female, and the genre has been revived since the Communist government loosened its repression in the 1980s, when it was associated with prostitution.
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Vietnam - Page 95 Audrey Seah, Charissa M. Nair - 2004 "There were three categories: dai nhac (dai nyahk) or great music, chamber music for the entertainment of the king, and ritual music- accompanying important ceremonies such as the one to ensure a good harvest. The Ly kings, in particular
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Before the Doi Moi Period, Vietnam music was mainly influenced by folk music and social realism. At this period there was the introduction of new genres like hiphop , pop , rock which were mainly influenced by
Western culture. The economic reforms of the Doi Moi period in the 1980s led to a
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and Rap. Although it can be considered as the freezing period of Vietnamese Hip Hop, it also helps Vietnamese Underground Hip Hop become more stable when the true continues the mission of making this culture ever stronger and promises more and more talents are born from this cradle.
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The traditional music of Vietnam has been heavily influenced by Chinese music, mainly in terms of musical instruments and performance styles. The introduction of American music, particularly rock and roll and pop music, has influenced the development of modern Vietnamese music.
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Selected musical terms of non-Western cultures: a notebook-glossary - Page 132 Walter Kaufmann - 1990 "Dai nhac (Vietnam). "Great music." Ceremonial music of Temple and Royal Palace performed by a large instrumental ensemble. The instruments of a dai nhac ensemble were: 4 ken,
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Classical music is also performed in honour of gods and scholars such as to Confucius in temples and shrines. These categories are defined as Nhã Nhạc ("elegant music" or "ritual and ceremonial" music), Đại nhạc ("great music"), and Tiểu nhạc ("small music") are classified as
1772:- Page 578 Tim Doling - 1996 "Court orchestras were also organized into nha nhac ('elegant music') and dai nhac ('great music') ensembles and court dances were defined as either van vu (civil) or vo vu (military). Confucian music and dance was presented at court until ..."
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Ca trù, which has many forms, is thought to have originated in the imperial palace, eventually moving predominantly into performances at communal houses for scholars and other members of the elite (this is the type of ca trù most widely known). It can be referred to as a
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which was popular in the Northern region of Vietnam but is considered nowadays an endangered form of traditional music in Vietnam. In the dynastic time, xẩm was performed by blind artists who wandered from town to town and earned their living by singing in common places.
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The rise of the internet has greatly expanded the availability and diversity of music in Vietnam, allowing for greater cross-cultural influences and the development of new musical styles. This contemporary period made Vietnamese music more diverse and experimental.
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is a spiritual form of music used to invoke spirits during ceremonies. It is highly rhythmic and trance-oriented. Before 1986, the Vietnamese government repressed hát chầu văn and other forms of religious expression. It has since been revived by musicians like
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in 1044. Cham women were taken as singers, dancers and entertainers for the court. The chronicles recorded that a special palace for Cham women was built in 1046, then in 1060 the emperor ordered a translation of Cham songs, and incorporated Cham drum known as
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visiting performers and organizers from other countries have helped to stimulate the Vietnamese entertainment industry. Such performances include international stages like the Asia Music Festival in South Korea where popular Vietnamese singers such as
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in northern Vietnam. It is usually performed outdoors by semi-amateur touring groups, stereotypically in a village square or the courtyard of a public building, although today it is also increasingly performed indoors and by professional performers.
954:(nhạc cách mạng) genre in Vietnam. This genre of music began soon after the beginning of the 20th century during the French colonial period, advocating for independence, socialism and anti-colonialism. Red Music was later strongly promoted across
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or from Vietnamese music productions in Vietnam still remain one of the most popular genres of slow-tempo music for Vietnamese people. Some examples are Love in the sunshine by Trish Thuy Trang and Unforgettable love by Ho Quynh Huong.
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can be thought of as the southern style of Quan họ. It is improvisational and is typically sung as dialogue between a man and woman. Common themes include love, courtship, the countryside, etc. "Hò" is popular in Cần Thơ - Vietnam.
1696:- Page 201 Huế Monuments Conservation Center, Ủy ban quốc gia Unesco của Việt Nam, Viện nghiên cứu âm nhạc (Vietnam) - 2004 "... by stricter rules. That was the rule in using "Great music" and "Small music". Great music ..."
1006:(Nhạc vàng) in Vietnam has two meanings. The first meaning is the lyrical and romantic music from pre-war, post-development in southern Vietnam in the period 1954s-1975s and later overseas as well as in the country after
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were the rock ,folk and soul. This war influenced the lyrics and themes during that time, songs were mainly about these themes: peace, love and social justice example of a song is Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On".Malone,
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Karaoke music developed in Vietnam in the 1990s. Karaoke music mostly consist of songs with a slow tempo, often with sad and/or romantic lyrics. Vietnamese karaoke with sing-along lyrics often come in the genres of
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also called Vietnamese diaspora music, refers to the Vietnamese music brought overseas, especially to the United States and France by the forced migration of Vietnamese artists after the Fall of Saigon in 1975.
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period. Cải lương is now promoted as a national theatrical form. Unlike the other folk forms, it continued to prove popular with the masses as late as the 1970s and the 1980s, although it is now in decline.
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and diverse.A popular Vietnamese musician " Trinh Cong Son" after the fall of Saigon his music was banned and he was out under house arrest because his songs were about anti- war and anti- government songs.
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relaxation of state control over the arts, allowing for greater diversity and experimentation in Vietnamese music. This period led to increased popularity and acceptance of Western music styles and genres.
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Heller, G. N. (2011). From the Melting Pot to Cultural Pluralism: General Music in a Technological Age, 1892-1992. Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, 33(1), 59–84.
621:(Vietnamized guitar). In a typical cải lương play, the actresses and actors would use a combination of regular spoken dialogue and vọng cổ to express their thoughts and emotions.
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1218:) or Lil' Knight and countless others who have risen to fame through the Internet. In addition, there are also other singers that have gone mainstream, such as M4U, Hồ Ngọc Hà,
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encompasses a large umbrella of Vietnamese music from antiquity to present times, and can also encompass multiple groups, such as those from Vietnam's ethnic minority tribes.
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Bill C., and David Stricklin. “The 1960s and 1970s: Rock, Gospel, Soul.” Southern Music/American Music, 1st ed., University Press of Kentucky, 1979, pp. 108–28. JSTOR,
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Buddhism has had a significant influence on Vietnamese music, particularly in terms of its spiritual and meditative aspects.This occurred during the medieval period.
1318:, hip hop gameshow competitions are currently developing in Vietnam such as Rap Viet, King of Rap,... Contributing to bring Vietnamese hip hop internationally.
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Ballad and bolero music still remains one of the most popular genres of slow-tempo Vietnamese music, especially for karaoke sessions or for easy listening.
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was popular in Saigon during the Vietnam War. This genre has developed strongly in the South and has spread out over the North region after the rise of
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Qing, Tian, and Tan Hwee San. “Recent Trends in Buddhist Music Research in China.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology, vol. 3, 1994, pp. 63–72. JSTOR,
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Recording of Vietnamese folk singer Pham Duy at the 1966 Florida Folk Festival (made available for public use for the State Archives of Florida)
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and Microwave are the current top Vietnamese metal bands in the 21st century. Some songs that were popular during the Vietnam war include
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as the first Vietnamese ballet in 1968, as well as the dozen of Choir with symphonic orchestra among his hundred famous patriotic tunes.
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into the royal band. During the 13th century, a new trend of music came from China: songs set to Chinese tunes with Vietnamese lyrics.
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which still exist in present times. The theme of most dances is to wish the emperor or empress longevity and the country prosperity.
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many famous underground artists such as Andree Right Hand, Big Daddy, Shadow P (all featured in a popular song called
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and Western music and culture, were banned, being labelled as "counter-revolutionary", "bourgeois", or "capitalist".
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Royal Vietnamese court music first appeared in the congetiveness of europas after a successful seaborne raid against
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provinces) and across Vietnam; numerous variations exist, especially in the Northern provinces. Sung a cappella,
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in the early 20th century and blossomed in the 1930s as a theatre of the middle class during the country's
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also wrote 9 sonatas for violin and piano, following his French music studies and Vietnamese traditions.
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is the most popular form of royal court music, specifically referring to the court music played from the
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1708:- Page 103 Ngọc Thành Tô,ön (Mounting the Esplanade-simple version), -Dàngdàn kép (Mounting the ..."
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Many of these composers, in the North, also contributed Vietnamese revolutionary songs, known as
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style. Sometimes, modified versions of European instruments like the guitar, violin, and the
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Qing, Tian; San, Tan Hwee (1994). "Recent Trends in Buddhist Music Research in China".
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is often criticized by purists for its watered-down approach to traditional sounds.
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of Vietnam, being synthesized and developed by the Nguyễn emperors. Influenced from
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Popular Music of Vietnam: The Politics of Remembering, the Economics of Forgetting
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Gibbs, Jason (2008). "How Does Hanoi Rock? The Way to Rock and Roll in Vietnam".
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Chinese music, it slowly emerged in the royal court in the 1430s. Along with
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1958:"In search of a musical past: Evidence for early chordophones from Vietnam"
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Musical minorities : the sounds of Hmong ethnicity in Northern Vietnam
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in 1956. This development involved writing traditional music using Western
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with a resonating disc that is held in the player's mouth; played by the
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also wrote classical compositions mixed with Vietnamese folk music.
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International Institute For Vietnamese Performing Art (IIVPA)
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Cham Features in Buddhist Arts under the Lý Dynasty of Vietnam
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Campos, Fredeliza; Hull, Jennifer; Vuong, Thu Hong (2023).
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Campos, Fredeliza Z.; Hull, Jennifer R.; Hồng, Vương Thu.
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2155:- a panorama of tribal music of Vietnam by Tran Quang Hai
2149:- a panorama of tribal music of Vietnam by Tran Quang Hai
2143:- a panorama of tribal music in Vietnam by Tran Quang Hai
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BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Tran Quang Hai in Saigon.
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BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Tran Quang Hai in Hanoi.
2038:"Binh Minh's Jazz Club is Like a Dragon With Nine Heads"
1339:. Vietnamese ballad and bolero music such at those from
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Vietnamese folk music is extremely diverse and includes
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Singers in the traditional music group Đông Kinh cổ nhạc
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and fight against the "American imperialist puppet" in
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International Workshop on Nhã Nhạc of Nguyễn Dynasty:
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Asian Pacific quarterly of cultural and social affairs
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International Workshop on Nhã Nhạc of Nguyễn Dynasty:
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749:(two-stringed fiddle with hardwood body, from Chinese
72:. Dong Son II culture. Mid-1st millennium BCE. Bronze.
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Traditional music of Vietnam from Vietnam-Culture.com
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725:(two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, from Chinese
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Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world
1489:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 July 2008. p. 36.
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melodies, and was composed in 1919 by songwriter Mr
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Religion and Ritual in the Royal Courts of Dai Viet
514:which arose in the 1950s after the founding of the
2166:UbuWeb Ethnopoetics: Ca Dao: Vietnamese Folk Poems
2044:. Translated from Vietnamese by Nguyễn, Phương Anh
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1917:by Dale A.Olsen Routledge, New York, London, 2008
885:was one of the representatives of Classical music
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1062:was one of the representatives of Overseas music
459:is improvised and is used in courtship rituals.
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1080:was one of the record label biggest of Overseas
2136:Young Vietnamese pop culture music Da Nhat Yen
1314:Currently, hip hop plays an important role in
999:was one of the representatives of Yellow music
950:Red music (Nhạc đỏ) is the common name of the
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360:Chèo orchestra accompanies the performance of
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633:Costumes as warlords for Tuồng (Hát Bội) in
199:. Its instrumentation resembles that of the
173:, often for entertainment for the ruler. In
2153:Music of the Montagnards of Vietnam, part 3
2147:Music of the Montagnards of Vietnam, part 2
2141:Music of the Montagnards of Vietnam, part 1
1610:http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130j59n.11
946:was one of the representatives of Red music
889:Vietnamese composers also followed Western
213:( "Folk sound") is one of the more popular
2611:
2597:
2204:
2190:
2116:by Ho Binh Minh, Sunday April 18, 04:22 AM
2080:Audio clips: Traditional music of Vietnam.
1499:
1454:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1399:Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments
706:Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments
30:as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009
1995:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2017:
1988:
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161:Traditional orchestra performing at the
156:
59:
33:
17:
2678:
2120:VietnamTourism.com: Traditional Theatre
1538:
1250:has become more mainstream in Vietnam.
1233:
3964:
2176:Nhạc Truyền Thuyết Về Chú Mèo Ngủ Quên
2089:Listen to traditional Vietnamese music
1795:
406:(Xẩm singing) is a type of Vietnamese
3197:National Defense and Security Council
2592:
2185:
2035:
1573:
1165:
195:in the traditional music of southern
2618:
2178:, the legend of the Cat-That-Sleeps.
1623:http://www.jstor.org/stable/41300429
1464:has been most heavily influenced by
1188:singer representative of music V-pop
232:
108:
3024:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
1820:
1783:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
1635:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3060806
1246:in the 90s. For the last 10 years,
704:For a more comprehensive list, see
180:
13:
2125:Vietnamese Institute of Musicology
2028:
2009:
1928:"The Revival of Boléro in Vietnam"
1851:"The Revival of Boléro in Vietnam"
1823:"The Revival of Boléro in Vietnam"
1706:Tư liệu âm nhạc cung đình Việt Nam
1646:
1541:British Journal of Ethnomusicology
1303:famous rapper in Vietnam is named
1293:
867:
14:
3983:
2211:
2058:
1786:South East Asia p.262 Nhạc tài tử
1238:Introduced by American soldiers,
1044:
372:is a form of generally satirical
3029:History of central officeholders
2572:
2563:
2562:
2109:Encyclopedia of Vietnamese music
2094:The traditional music of Vietnam
1802:. Hanoi: Nguyễn Trâm. p. 38
1768:Visiting Arts regional profile:
1321:
236:
3831:Traditional musical instruments
1920:
1902:
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1101:Songwriter Phạm Duy (1920–2013)
1093:1940s–1980s, singer-songwriters
977:
700:Traditional musical instruments
686:
510:is a modern form of Vietnamese
191:Dilettante music is a genre of
2530:British Indian Ocean Territory
2083:Musée d'ethnographie de Genève
1627:
1615:
1602:
1567:
1532:
1493:
1487:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1483:"Southeast Asian arts Vietnam"
1415:
585:Excerpts from reformed salary
1:
3049:Central Inspection Commission
2085:. Accessed November 25, 2010.
1948:
1821:Duy, Dinh (12 October 2016).
1409:
228:
2159:
1799:Nguyen Van Quy - A Biography
1796:Nguyễn, Trâm (7 July 2011).
1722:Traditional Vietnamese Music
1394:Traditional Vietnamese dance
928:
576:
522:, while Western elements of
393:Blind artists performing xẩm
175:Vietnamese traditional dance
50:Traditional Vietnamese music
7:
3192:Central Military Commission
3054:Central Military Commission
2073:Accessed November 25, 2010.
2067:Accessed November 25, 2010.
2036:Trang, Hien (9 July 2023).
1989:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
1770:Asia Pacific arts directory
1528:– via Cambridge Core.
1347:
735:(two-stringed fretted moon
681:
516:Hanoi Conservatory of Music
462:
163:Temple of Literature, Hanoi
81:Influences on Vietnam music
10:
3988:
3160:Supreme People's Procuracy
2018:Whitmore, John K. (2009),
1354:Vietnamese diasporic music
1174:
1104:
1051:Vietnamese diasporic music
1048:
981:
964:Communist Party of Vietnam
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2130:Việt Nam Cultural Profile
2022:, Asia Research Institute
1736:performance environment."
1466:traditional Chinese music
537:
2279:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1910:Popular Music of Vietnam
1637:. Accessed 14 Apr. 2024.
1612:. Accessed 14 Apr. 2024.
1460:Throughout its history,
1422:Ó Briain, Lonán (2018).
1364:Popular music of Vietnam
1170:
1107:Popular music of Vietnam
972:Vietnamese popular music
852:) - one-string vertical
624:
2540:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
447:(divided into nowadays
351:
225:, in southern Vietnam.
3641:Language and computers
3390:Science and Technology
3150:Supreme People's Court
3092:Deputy Prime Ministers
2883:Hong (Red) River Delta
2042:This Is Southeast Asia
2010:Vu, Hong Lien (2017),
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1184:
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507:Nhạc dân tộc cải biên
501:Nhạc dân tộc cải biên
470:
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359:
348:, among other forms.
271:
160:
63:
37:
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3395:Traditional medicine
3273:Self-Defence Militia
2817:World Heritage Sites
2773:Environmental issues
2454:United Arab Emirates
1878:: Volumes 3–7 - 2005
1268:All You Need is Love
1234:Rock and heavy metal
1078:Thúy Nga Productions
38:A comedy theater in
3868:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3044:Central Secretariat
2481:limited recognition
952:revolutionary music
207:are also included.
3907:Vietnamese studies
3619:Overseas community
3412:Telecommunications
3165:Procurator-General
3120:Standing Committee
2810:Endangered species
1404:Vietnamese theatre
1256:The Rolling Stones
1222:, Wanbi Tuấn Anh,
1190:
1166:Contemporary music
1127:. Singers include
1103:
1082:
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910:Thành Đồng Tổ Quốc
887:
656:Vietnamese theatre
639:
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248:. You can help by
166:
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44:Revival Lê dynasty
32:
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3885:Traditional games
3569:Human trafficking
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3115:National Assembly
3034:National Congress
3019:General Secretary
3014:Central Committee
2979:Foreign relations
2946:
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2942:
2941:
2915:Central Highlands
2733:
2732:
2698:Chinese dominated
2586:
2585:
2523:other territories
2002:978-1-316-44055-1
1889:Musics of Vietnam
1374:Cây đàn sinh viên
1160:Nguyễn Xuân Khoát
1115:, the consequent
862:Central Highlands
784:hammered dulcimer
441:alternate singing
266:
265:
109:Royal court music
3979:
3972:Music of Vietnam
3939:
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3336:Renewable energy
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1968:(391): 141–157.
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1887:Phạm Duy. 1975.
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1512:(391): 141–157.
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1426:. New York, NY.
1419:
780:Đàn tam thập lục
660:Vietnamese opera
599:Southern Vietnam
520:musical notation
443:) is popular in
261:
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181:Dilettante music
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3581:Public holidays
3564:Sex trafficking
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3363:Five-Year Plans
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3316:
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3250:Public Security
3244:
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3170:Military Courts
3136:
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3006:Communist Party
3000:
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2860:Electoral units
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2778:Protected areas
2729:
2708:French colonial
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2494:Northern Cyprus
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2029:Further reading
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1932:thediplomat.com
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1294:Hip Hop and Rap
1236:
1216:Để anh được yêu
1179:
1173:
1168:
1109:
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1053:
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990:
982:Main articles:
980:
937:
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891:classical music
876:
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868:Classical music
739:, from Chinese
709:
702:
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672:
627:
603:French colonial
587:Tự đức dâng roi
579:
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528:instrumentation
503:
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374:musical theatre
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246:needs expansion
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117:led by emperor
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3671:
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3649:
3648:Ethnic groups
3646:
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3501:
3497:
3487:
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3481:Air transport
3479:
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3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3368:Manufacturing
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Foreign trade
3356:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Nuclear power
3339:
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3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3309:
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3163:
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3158:
3156:
3155:Chief Justice
3153:
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3148:
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3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
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3125:
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3017:
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3009:
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2949:
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2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
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2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:South Central
2908:
2906:
2905:North Central
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Commune-level
2853:
2851:
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2846:
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2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
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2830:
2828:
2824:
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2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2724:
2723:South Vietnam
2721:
2719:
2718:North Vietnam
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
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2677:
2671:
2668:
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2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
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2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2609:
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2600:
2595:
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2579:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:South Ossetia
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
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2437:
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2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
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2367:
2365:
2362:
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2355:
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2345:
2342:
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2337:
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2332:
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2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
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2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1913:5 Sep 2010 –
1912:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1765:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1673:, p. 12.
1672:
1671:Whitmore 2009
1667:
1661:, p. 42.
1660:
1659:Baldanza 2016
1655:
1649:, p. 11.
1648:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:, along with
1467:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1433:9780190626976
1429:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
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1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:Karaoke Music
1319:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:rock and roll
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:Sơn Tùng M-TP
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1186:Sơn Tùng M-TP
1183:
1178:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:Lưu Hữu Phước
1146:"Red Music":
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
994:
989:
985:
975:
973:
969:
968:South Vietnam
965:
961:
957:
956:North Vietnam
953:
945:
941:
936:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
884:
880:
875:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
837:
833:
830:
827:
824:from Chinese
823:
819:
816:
813:
809:
806:
803:
800:from Chinese
799:
795:
792:
789:
786:from Chinese
785:
781:
778:
775:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
755:
752:
748:
745:
742:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
718:
714:
711:
710:
707:
695:- court music
694:
691:
690:
679:
676:
667:
665:
664:Chinese opera
661:
657:
654:is a form of
653:
649:
645:
644:
636:
631:
622:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
596:
595:
588:
583:
574:
572:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:
549:
544:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:
498:
496:
491:
487:
486:
478:
474:
469:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:
430:
426:
421:
412:
409:
405:
401:
400:
391:
382:
379:
375:
371:
370:
363:
358:
349:
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:đờn ca tài tử
329:
328:
323:
322:
317:
316:
311:
310:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
292:
287:
286:
281:
280:
270:
260:
251:
247:
244:This section
242:
239:
235:
234:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:chamber music
188:
187:Đờn ca tài tử
178:
176:
172:
171:chamber music
164:
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:
127:
125:
120:
116:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:
71:
67:
62:
53:
51:
45:
41:
36:
29:
25:
20:
16:
3890:Martial arts
3820:
3713:Architecture
3683:Christianity
3601:Demographics
3559:Prostitution
3517:Universities
3463:Water supply
3313:
3223:Border Guard
3218:Ground Force
3206:Armed forces
2984:Human rights
2969:Constitution
2932:Mekong Delta
2519:Dependencies
2463:
2449:Turkmenistan
2414:Saudi Arabia
2046:. Retrieved
2041:
2019:
2011:
1991:
1965:
1961:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:The Diplomat
1826:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1798:
1791:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1629:
1617:
1604:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1423:
1417:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1297:
1284:Cá Hồi Hoang
1272:Jimi Hendrix
1237:
1215:
1191:
1141:
1110:
1083:
1066:
1065:
1040:
1004:Yellow music
1002:
984:Yellow music
978:Yellow music
949:
908:
894:
888:
858:Jarai people
849:
845:
687:Ritual music
674:
673:
651:
647:
641:
640:
608:
592:
591:
586:
564:
559:
553:
552:
547:
531:
530:were added.
505:
504:
489:
483:
482:
472:
456:
440:
434:
433:
424:
403:
397:
396:
367:
366:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
301:
297:hát chầu văn
295:
289:
283:
277:
275:
257:January 2011
254:
250:adding to it
245:
214:
208:
205:steel guitar
190:
167:
152:royal dances
147:
138:to the last
136:Trần dynasty
129:
128:
119:Lý Thái Tông
112:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
75:
49:
48:
15:
3853:Nationalism
3804:News Agency
3755:Ingredients
3446:Expressways
3434:Visa policy
3400:Measurement
3353:Foreign aid
3303:Agriculture
3240:Coast Guard
3108:Legislative
2703:Monarchical
2688:Prehistoric
2578:Asia portal
2479:States with
2399:Philippines
2339:South Korea
2334:North Korea
2229:Afghanistan
2077:(in French)
1582:(1): 5–25.
1576:Asian Music
1389:Nhạc tài tử
1276:Purple Haze
1264:The Beatles
1113:Vietnam War
958:during the
495:Phạm Văn Tỵ
42:during the
3863:Trotskyism
3838:Philosophy
3814:Newspapers
3799:Television
3794:Mass media
3782:Literature
3574:Corruption
3422:Censorship
3405:Inventions
3378:Automotive
3325:(currency)
3082:Government
2964:Censorship
2768:Ecoregions
2459:Uzbekistan
2434:Tajikistan
2349:Kyrgyzstan
2329:Kazakhstan
2249:Bangladesh
2239:Azerbaijan
1949:Work cited
1937:18 October
1860:18 October
1835:30 October
1806:23 October
1410:References
1207:Lam Trường
1203:Hồ Ngọc Hà
1129:Thái Thanh
1084:Since the
893:, such as
883:Phạm Tuyên
872:See also:
733:Đàn nguyệt
619:đàn ghi-ta
560:hát cô đầu
512:folk music
408:folk music
345:trống quân
229:Folk music
64:Drum from
3858:Socialism
3848:Communism
3843:Anarchism
3772:Festivals
3733:Animation
3636:Phonology
3512:Education
3473:Transport
3441:Transport
3373:Standards
3235:Air Force
3142:Judiciary
3132:Elections
3099:Ministers
3070:President
3063:Executive
3039:Politburo
2927:Southeast
2893:Northwest
2888:Northeast
2835:Provinces
2827:Divisions
2739:Geography
2645:Dynasties
2545:Hong Kong
2499:Palestine
2424:Sri Lanka
2419:Singapore
2299:Indonesia
2160:Listening
2048:11 August
1982:257039609
1962:Antiquity
1588:0044-9202
1553:0968-1221
1547:: 63–72.
1526:0003-598X
1506:Antiquity
1450:cite book
1442:994287647
1337:cải lương
1244:Bức Tường
1156:Hoàng Vân
1036:chachacha
944:Thanh Lam
929:Red music
905:Hoàng Vân
874:Trường ca
836:xylophone
808:Đàn tỳ bà
794:Đàn tranh
717:monochord
648:hát tuồng
615:đàn tranh
594:Cải lương
577:Cải lương
453:Bắc Giang
291:hát tuồng
124:trống cơm
3966:Category
3946:Category
3740:Clothing
3673:Buddhism
3663:Religion
3631:Alphabet
3626:Language
3554:Gambling
3534:COVID-19
3529:HIV/AIDS
3456:Airports
3451:Railways
3417:Internet
3268:Security
3184:Military
3127:Chairman
2952:Politics
2922:Southern
2878:Northern
2805:Molluscs
2790:Wildlife
2713:Republic
2680:Timeline
2660:Monarchs
2655:Military
2650:Economic
2640:Capitals
2624:articles
2568:Category
2489:Abkhazia
2439:Thailand
2394:Pakistan
2374:Mongolia
2369:Maldives
2364:Malaysia
2264:Cambodia
1596:25501572
1474:Mongolia
1384:Nhã nhạc
1348:See also
1335:or like
1288:Chillies
1252:Ngũ Cung
1228:Tóc Tiên
1133:Khánh Ly
1121:Phạm Duy
1060:Tâm Đoan
997:Chế Linh
923:Phạm Duy
901:Đỗ Nhuận
834:(bamboo
761:Chaozhou
682:Bài chòi
485:Chầu văn
477:lên đồng
473:chầu văn
471:Singing
463:Chầu văn
449:Bắc Ninh
423:Singing
378:peasants
327:bài chòi
321:hát xoan
223:Bạc Liêu
148:nhã nhạc
131:Nhã nhạc
3930:Outline
3902:Theater
3897:Symbols
3745:Cuisine
3700:Culture
3614:Eunuchs
3500:Society
3429:Tourism
3385:Poverty
3314:Doi Moi
3308:Banking
3291:Economy
3255:Militia
2900:Central
2870:Regions
2795:Mammals
2756:Climate
2751:Borders
2693:Ancient
2632:History
2620:Vietnam
2464:Vietnam
2379:Myanmar
2359:Lebanon
2289:Georgia
2244:Bahrain
2234:Armenia
1647:Vu 2017
1561:3060806
1462:Vietnam
1379:Quan họ
1309:hip hop
1270:," and
1220:Bảo Thy
1195:Mỹ Linh
1152:Văn Cao
1144:nhạc đỏ
1086:Đổi Mới
1028:ballade
1008:Đổi Mới
935:Nhạc đỏ
907:signed
860:of the
818:Kèn bầu
802:guzheng
788:yangqin
774:sanxian
770:Đàn tam
757:Đàn sến
747:Đàn nhị
723:Đàn gáo
719:zither)
713:Đàn bầu
693:Nhạc lễ
652:hát bội
637:in 1874
611:Vọng cổ
571:gisaeng
524:harmony
490:hát văn
475:in the
457:quan họ
436:Quan họ
425:quan họ
415:Quan họ
404:Hát xẩm
315:hát xẩm
285:quan họ
219:Sáu Lầu
210:Vọng cổ
197:Vietnam
70:Vietnam
66:Sông Đà
56:History
3951:Portal
3880:Sports
3787:Poetry
3767:Emblem
3750:Dishes
3728:Cinema
3723:Awards
3708:Anthem
3678:Taoism
3658:Racism
3609:People
3524:Health
3331:Energy
3263:Police
2845:Cities
2622:
2509:Taiwan
2444:Turkey
2409:Russia
2344:Kuwait
2324:Jordan
2314:Israel
2274:Cyprus
2259:Brunei
2254:Bhutan
1999:
1980:
1594:
1586:
1559:
1551:
1524:
1440:
1430:
1369:Ca trù
1333:bolero
1329:ballad
1199:Mỹ Tâm
1137:Lệ Thu
1012:bolero
988:Bolero
915:Chị Sứ
896:Cô Sao
854:fiddle
832:T'rưng
798:zither
796:(long
764:qinqin
741:yueqin
568:Korean
558:(also
555:Ca trù
548:Ca trù
538:Ca trù
479:ritual
445:Hà Bắc
339:ca Huế
303:ca trù
279:dân ca
215:tài tử
201:ca Huế
115:Champa
40:Tonkin
28:UNESCO
24:ca trù
3937:Index
3826:V-pop
3821:Music
3809:Voice
3762:Dance
3688:Islam
3591:Women
3549:Crime
3538:Delta
3323:Đồng
2800:Birds
2670:Naval
2665:Names
2550:Macau
2469:Yemen
2429:Syria
2404:Qatar
2384:Nepal
2319:Japan
2294:India
2284:Egypt
2269:China
1978:S2CID
1899:Olsen
1592:JSTOR
1557:JSTOR
1478:Japan
1470:Korea
1359:V-pop
1316:V-pop
1305:Suboi
1248:metal
1177:V-pop
1171:V-pop
1038:,...
1032:mambo
1024:tango
1020:rumba
826:suona
643:Tuồng
625:Tuồng
221:, of
3777:Flag
3653:Name
3586:Time
3541:cron
3536:and
3253:and
3230:Navy
3213:Army
2989:LGBT
2389:Oman
2354:Laos
2309:Iraq
2304:Iran
2050:2023
1997:ISBN
1939:2021
1862:2021
1837:2017
1808:2016
1759:..."
1724:67."
1584:ISSN
1549:ISSN
1522:ISSN
1476:and
1456:link
1438:OCLC
1428:ISBN
1280:Ngọt
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1162:...
1135:and
1123:and
1111:The
1016:enka
986:and
850:k'ný
846:k'ny
842:K'ni
822:oboe
812:pipa
751:erhu
737:lute
727:yehu
526:and
451:and
369:Chèo
352:Chèo
342:and
144:Ming
3718:Art
2996:Law
2521:and
1970:doi
1514:doi
1286:or
1266:' "
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1258:' "
960:War
899:by
848:or
650:or
635:Huế
488:or
427:at
402:or
399:Xẩm
385:Xẩm
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