Mugger crocodile - Knowledge

3367: 3158:(90.5 °F). Percentage of females in a clutch decreases at constant temperatures between 32.6 and 33 °C (90.7 and 91.4 °F), and of males between 31 and 32.4 °C (87.8 and 90.3 °F). Temperature in natural nests is not constant but varies between nights and days. Foremost females hatch in natural early nests when initial temperature inside nests ranges between 26.4 and 28.9 °C (79.5 and 84.0 °F). The percentage of male hatchlings increases in late nests located in sunny sites. Hatchlings are 26–31 cm (10–12 in) long and weigh 75 g (2.6 oz) on average when one month old. They grow about 4.25 cm (1.67 in) per month and reach a body length of 90–170 cm (35–67 in) when two years old. 2563: 3186: 2595: 2950: 122: 2975: 3200: 1972: 2048: 2327: 2964: 2073: 2093: 2280: 2613: 2234: 2452: 183: 141: 2581: 7175: 3172: 2438: 3350:, this leads to conflict with local people living close to mugger habitat. In Maharashtra, local people are compensated for loss of close relatives and livestock. Local people in Baluchestan respect the mugger crocodile as a water living creature and do not harm it. If an individual kills livestock, the owner is compensated for the loss. The mugger crocodile is 3148:

cycle starts earliest in November at the onset of the cold season with courtship and mating. Between February and June, females dig 35–56 cm (14–22 in) deep holes for nesting between 1 and 2,000 m (3 ft 3 in and 6,561 ft 8 in) away from the waterside. They lay up to

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when exposed to temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) or above 38 °C (100 °F), respectively. It digs burrows to retreat from extreme temperatures and other harsh climatic conditions. Burrows are between 0.6 and 6 m (2.0 and 19.7 ft) deep, with entrances above the water level

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with 8 –46 eggs each. Eggs weigh 128 g (4.5 oz) on average. Laying of one clutch usually takes less than half an hour. Thereafter, females scrape sand over the nest to close it. Males have been observed to assist females in digging and protecting nest sites. Hatching season is two months

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The mugger crocodile is a powerful swimmer that uses its tail and hind feet to move forward, change direction and submerge. It belly-walks, with its belly touching ground, at the bottom of waterbodies and on land. During the hot dry season, it walks over land at night to find suitable wetlands and

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because of conversion of natural habitats for agricultural and industrial use. As humans encroach into its habitat, the incidents of conflict increase. Muggers are entangled in fishing equipment and drown, and are killed in areas where fishermen perceive them as competition. Major wetlands in

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senses are acute. Adult female muggers are 2 to 2.5 m (6 ft 7 in to 8 ft 2 in) on average; males usually measure 3 to 3.5 m (9 ft 10 in to 11 ft 6 in), but rarely reach a length of 5 m (16 ft 5 in). The two largest known muggers

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Healthy hatchlings develop at a temperature range of 28–33 °C (82–91 °F). Sex ratio of hatched eggs depends on incubation temperature and exposure of nests to sunshine. Only females develop at constant temperatures of 28–31 °C (82–88 °F), and only males at 32.5 °C

3308:. Between 2005 and 2018, 38 mugger crocodiles were victims of traffic accidents on roads and railway tracks in Gujarat; 29 were found dead, four died during treatment, and five were returned to the wild after medical care. In 2017, a dead mugger was found on a railway track in Rajasthan. 3320:, hence international commercial trade is prohibited. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1982. By 2013, less than 8,700 mature individuals were estimated to live in the wild and no population unit to comprise more than 1,000 individuals. 2628:

The mugger crocodile occurs in southern Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, India and Sri Lanka up to an elevation of 420 m (1,380 ft). It inhabits freshwater lakes, rivers and marshes, and prefers slow-moving, shallow water bodies. It also thrives in artificial

3092:. In Bardia National Park, a mugger was observed caching a chital kill beneath the roots of a tree and returning to its basking site; a part of the deer was still wedged among the roots on the next day. In the same national park, a mugger caught a 3154:

later, between April and June in south India, and in Sri Lanka between August and September. Then females excavate the young, pick them up in their snouts and take them to the water. Both females and males protect the young for up to one year.

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Garg, R. L. (1988). "New fossil reptile from the Siwalik Fossil Park, Saketi, Sirmur District, Himachal Pradesh". In Sastry, M. V. A.; Sastri, V. V.; Ramanujam, C. G. K.; Kapoor, H. M.; Rao, B. R. J.; Satsangi, P. P.; Mathur, U. B. (eds.).

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word for crocodile is मगर 'magar'. In English language, both names 'mugger' and 'magar' were used around the turn of the 20th century. The names 'marsh crocodile' and 'broad-snouted crocodile' have been used since the late 1930s.

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In Gujarat, two muggers were found killed, one in 2015 with the tail cut off and internal organs missing; the other in 2017, also with the tail cut off. The missing body parts indicate that the crocodiles were sacrificed in

461:. It rarely reaches a body length of 5 m (16 ft 5 in) and is a powerful swimmer, but also walks on land in search of suitable waterbodies during the hot season. Both young and adult mugger crocodiles dig 4227:

Pan, T.; Miao, J.S.; Zhang, H.B.; Yan, P.; Lee, P.S.; Jiang, X.Y.; Ouyang, J.H.; Deng, Y.P.; Zhang, B.W. & Wu, X.B. (2021). "Near-complete phylogeny of extant Crocodylia (Reptilia) using mitogenome-based data".

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Iijima, M.; Takai, M.; Nishioka, Y.; Thaung-Htike; Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Egi, N.; Kusuhashi, N.; Tsubamoto, T.; Kono, R. T. & Hirayama, R. (2021). "Taxonomic overview of Neogene crocodylians in Myanmar".

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A total of 1,193 captive bred muggers were released to restock populations in 28 protected areas in India between 1978 and 1992. Production of new offspring was halted by the Indian Government in 1994.

331: 3335:. In Sri Lanka, it was listed in Schedule IV of the Fauna & Flora Protection Ordinance in 1946, which allowed for shooting one crocodile with a permit. Today, it is strictly protected, but 3144:

at a body length of around 1.8–2.2 m (5 ft 11 in – 7 ft 3 in) at the age of about 6.5 years, and males at around 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) body length. The

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to which they retreat when the ambient temperature drops below 5 °C (41 °F) or exceeds 38 °C (100 °F). Females dig holes in the sand as nesting sites and lay up to 46

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and a chamber at the end that is big enough to allow the mugger to turn around. Temperatures inside remains constant at 19.2 to 29 °C (66.6 to 84.2 °F), depending on region.

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is lacking. In Iran, the mugger crocodile is listed as endangered and has been legally protected since 2013; capturing and killing a crocodile is punished with a fine of 100 million

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Rastegar-Pouyani, N.; Gholamifard, A.; Karamiani, R.; Bahmani, Z.; Mobaraki, A.; Abtin, E.; Faizi, H.; Heidari, N.; Takesh, M.; Sayyadi, F.; Ahsani, N. & Browne, R. K. (2015).

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Siddiqui, R.; Jeyamogan, S.; Ali, S. M.; Abbas, F.; Sagathevan, K. A. & Khan, N. A. (2017). "Crocodiles and alligators: Antiamoebic and antitumor compounds of crocodiles".

3132:. By balancing sticks and branches on their heads, they lure birds that are looking for nesting material. This strategy is particularly effective during the nesting season. 6539: 3471:

in the 13th century. This place was later walled around, and about 40 mugger crocodiles were kept in the reservoir called Magar Talao in the 1870s; they were fed by both

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Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M. & Amato, G. (2021).

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around the neck that is well separated from the back. Scutes usually form four, rarely six longitudinal series and 16 or 17 transverse series. The limbs have

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measures 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in). One male mugger caught in Pakistan of about 3 m (9 ft 10 in) weighed 195 kg (430 lb).

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later on. It seizes and drags potential prey approaching watersides into the water, when the opportunity arises. Adult muggers were observed feeding on a

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Bhatnagar, C. & Mahur, M. (2010). "Observations on feeding behavior of a wild population of marsh crocodile in Baghdarrah Lake, Udaipur, Rajasthan".

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Halder, N. K. (2003). Crocodile Conservation Plan of the Sundarban Forest (Report). Dhaka: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of Bangladesh.

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Mugger crocodile hatchlings are pale olive with black spots. Adults are dark olive to grey or brown. The head is rough without any ridges and has large

3605:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem" 4356:

Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D. & Webb, G. J. W. (2012).

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on dead animals. During dry seasons, muggers walk many kilometers over land in search of water and prey. Hatchlings feed mainly on insects such as

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fibres. Fatal attacks of mugger crocodiles on humans were documented in Gujarat and Maharasthra, but they rarely consumed the victims who died of

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spends most of the day submerged in water. During the cold season it basks on riverbanks, individuals are tolerant of others during this period.

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Khadka, B. B.; Maharjan, A.; Thapalia, B. P. & Lamichhane, B. R. (2014). "Population Status of the Mugger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal".

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fringes on outer edges, and outer toes are extensively webbed. The snout is slightly longer than broad with 19 upper teeth on each side. The

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Lesson, 1831 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) in river Saberi of Godavari system in southern Odisha, India: conservation implications"

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Gatesy, J. & Amato, G. (2008). "The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships".

511:. It was first scientifically described in 1831 and is protected by law in Iran, India and Sri Lanka. Since 1982, it has been listed as 4912:

Taigor, S. R. & Rao, R. J. (2010). "Habitat features of Aquatic animals in the National Chambal Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India".

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Lang, J. W. (1987). "Crocodilian behaviour: implications for management". In Webb, G. J. W.; Manolis, S. C.; Whitehead, P. J. (eds.).

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yield of their cows. They carve wooden statues symbolising Mogra Dev and mount them on poles. Their offerings during the installation

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The distribution of the mugger crocodile overlaps with that of the saltwater crocodile in a few coastal areas, but it barely enters

7418: 4358:"Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation" 3719: 2523:

measured 5.63 m (18 ft 6 in) and were killed in Sri Lanka. One individual weighing 207 kg (456 lb) had a

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Whitaker, N. & Srinivasan, M. (2020). "Human crocodile conflict on the Cauvery river delta region, Tamil Nadu, south India".

7028: 3259:) occasionally fights mugger crocodiles off prey and rarely preys on adult mugger crocodiles in Ranthambore National Park. The 1600: 5158:

Sivaperuman, C. & Jayson, E. A. (2013). "An assessment of human-crocodile conflicts in Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, India".

7634: 5127:"Population trends of Mugger Crocodile and human-crocodile interactions along the Savitri River at Mahad, Maharashtra, India" 3888: 7649: 7462: 5908: 6573: 3128:

Mugger crocodiles have been documented using lures to hunt birds. This means they are among the first reptiles recorded to

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Two years in the jungle : the experiences of a hunter and naturalist in India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo

6101: 5983: 7644: 4047:. 10. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary vertebrata. Vol. III. Calcutta: Geological Survey Office. pp. 209–240. 5891: 3993: 6529: 6316:

Mogra Dev, Tribal Crocodile Gods: Wooden Crocodile Images of Chodhri, Gamit, and Vasava Tribes, South Gujarat (India)

2546: 586: 2682:; in the winter of 2007–08, 99 individuals were counted. By 2017, the population had declined to 25 individuals. In 7561: 7488: 7310: 7189: 6490: 3989:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil" 3745:. In Bélanger, C.; Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I.; Lesson, R.; Valenciennes, A.; Deshayes, G.P.; Guerin, F. E. (eds.). 7211: 5310: 2794: 2644: 582: 5222:

Santiapillai, C. & de Silva, M. (2001). "Status, distribution and conservation of crocodiles in Sri Lanka".

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of Buddhist traditions features a clever monkey outwitting a crocodile. Three folktales feature crocodiles and

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World Crocodile Conference. Proceedings of the 22nd Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group

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World Crocodile Conference. Proceedings of the 22nd Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group

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World Crocodile Conference. Proceedings of the 22nd Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group

3833:"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, 7654: 7614: 5787: 4184:(Crocodylia) based on mitochondrial DNA: Evidence for a trans-Atlantic voyage from Africa to the New World". 3324: 3185: 2562: 6142: 2594: 7604: 6161: 5665: 3336: 2798: 2726: 2671:

in 2007 and 2010, much of the habitat of the mugger crocodiles has been restored as formerly dry lakes and

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and has an optimal body temperature of 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F) and risks dying of freezing or

7639: 7267: 6039: 5938: 5780:"Remarkable predatory skills in Mugger Crocodiles makes them the apex predators of freshwater ecosystems" 5258: 4292: 2858: 528: 4415: 7624: 7619: 7262: 6393: 6349: 4882: 2819: 2774: 2710: 1855: 320: 182: 7566: 6123: 4606: 4568: 4530: 3397:

of the makara and symbolises both the fructifying and the destructive powers of the rivers. It is the

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Singh, L. A. K. & Kar, S. K. (2006). "Status of the Saltwater Crocodile in Orissa: An Overview".

5691: 2920:, where four to five captive individuals survived in an artificial pond by the 1980s. It is possibly 2876: 2752: 1835: 5815: 4887:) in National Chambal Sanctuary after thirty years and its implications on conservation of Gharial ( 4489:"Population assessment, threats and conservation measures of marsh crocodile at Dasht River, Gwadar" 3569:

features the character Mugger, the crocodile who lives by the Rapti River in Chitwan National Park.

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Meredith, R. W.; Hekkala, E. R.; Amato, G. & Gatesy, J. (2011). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for

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feathers in mugger dung have been reported. Muggers have also been observed preying and feeding on

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Catalogue of the tortoises, crocodiles, and amphisbænians, in the collection of the British Museum

3742: 3327:, which prohibits catching, killing and transporting a crocodile without a permit; offenders face 2949: 121: 7594: 6119: 5830: 5388: 5333: 5196: 4786: 4330: 4258: 2862: 1891: 765: 696:

towards Southeast Asia and the Americas, diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct

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Dinets, V.; Brueggen, J. C. & Brueggen, J. D. (2013). "Crocodilians use tools for hunting".

5413: 3787:"A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles" 7449: 7332: 6990: 6918: 6278: 5854:"Sundarban Tiger − a new prey species of estuarine crocodile at Sundarban Tiger Reserve, India" 4551:

Chang, M. S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H.; Jabeen, T.; Baloach, S. & Shaikh, M. Y. (2012).

3558: 3371: 3145: 2928:, it became extinct in the late 1960s, but a few captive-bred individuals were released in the 2898: 2804: 2206: 2171: 928: 563: 551: 6335:

Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 21st Working Meeting of the IUCN–SSC Crocodile Specialist Group

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Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 17th Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group

5879: 7599: 7522: 7384: 6807: 6411: 5802: 3764: 3351: 2989: 2906: 2787: 2722: 693: 303: 7514: 6461: 6371: 4262: 3467:

is said to have taken care of crocodiles and created a stream to trickle out of a rock near

3455:, which releases him only after his mother reluctantly let him choose the ascetic path of a 7405: 7379: 6936: 6909: 6900: 6741: 6259:. 36, Supplement Proceedings of the VIIIth World Sanskrit Conference Vienna 1990: 189–195. 6014: 5537: 5231: 4975: 4369: 4193: 3897: 2882: 2783: 2714: 2151: 1545: 1154: 1116: 1096: 628: 7475: 6001:. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 155–165. 5507:(J.F. Gmelin, 1788), with notes on existing literature regarding their predation on birds" 2974: 8: 7204: 7070: 6954: 6559: 6218: 5143: 5126: 5102:

Patil, S. R.; Atigre, R. H. & Patil, S. V. (2012). "First Record of Mugger Crocodile

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and has been a symbol for the fructifying and destructive powers of the rivers since the

442: 130: 5523: 5498: 5235: 5054: 5033: 4979: 4373: 4197: 3901: 1971: 7252: 6963: 6873: 6678: 6260: 6200: 5964: 5760: 5586: 5106:(Lesson, 1831) from River Kadavi at Sarud, Tal, Shahuwadi, Dist. Kolhapur, MS, India". 4991: 4392: 4357: 4355: 4162: 4126: 4087: 4017: 3988: 3961: 3932: 3863: 3832: 3633: 3604: 3109: 2902: 852: 636: 512: 343: 177: 145: 5737: 5243: 2326: 2047: 7509: 7392: 7272: 7247: 6981: 6891: 6732: 6687: 6502: 6389: 6330: 6016: 5968: 5887: 5539: 5452: 4955: 4935:(Lesson, 1831) in upper Ganges and tributaries, lesser Himalayan zone, north India". 4450: 4397: 4209: 4166: 4074:

Shankar, K. & Rao, C. V. N. K. (1994). "First report of a fossil marsh crocodile

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Symposium on three decades of developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy in India

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In 2019, 82 individuals were recorded in the river systems of Simlipal National Park.

2761: 2668: 2072: 1051: 872: 804: 748: 663: 7219: 6017:"Sustainable Management of the Herpetofauna of the Iranian Plateau and Coastal Iran" 5764: 5590: 5414:

De Silva, M.; Amarasinghe, A. A.; de Silva, A. & Karunarathna, D. M. S. (2011).

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The mugger crocodile is considered a medium-sized crocodilian, but has the broadest

2092: 330: 7535: 7295: 6882: 6433: 6192: 5954: 5752: 5644: 5578: 5518: 5431: 5239: 5138: 5082: 5049: 4983: 4825: 4644: 4591:"Physico-Chemical Assessment of Water Quality and its Effects on Marsh Crocodiles, 4442: 4387: 4377: 4326: 4237: 4201: 4154: 4118: 4040: 4012: 4002: 3956: 3948: 3905: 3858: 3848: 3798: 3674: 3628: 3618: 3317: 2872: 2488: 2279: 760: 578: 474: 368: 250: 237: 30: 7397: 6437: 6257:

Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens / Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies

6225:. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Freer Gallery of Art. pp. 47–56. 4512: 4488: 4446: 4158: 2233: 7553: 7496: 7315: 7305: 7179: 7061: 6972: 6620: 6097: 5582: 4382: 4241: 4063:. 11. Calcutta: Geological Survey of India Special Publication. pp. 207–211. 3421: 3413: 3141: 3113: 3068:. Subadult and adult muggers favour fish, but also prey on small to medium-sized 2996: 2921: 2866: 2832: 2601: 2569: 2515: 1726: 908: 640: 543: 4830: 4809: 4205: 4179: 3909: 7300: 7197: 6927: 6723: 6296: 5959: 5538:

De Silva, A.; Probst, J.; De Silva, P. D. D. S. & Karunarathna, S. (2018).

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Things Indian: Being Discursive Notes on Various Subjects Connected with India

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Mobaraki, A. & Abtin, E. (2013). "Estimate of Mugger population in Iran".

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age data were simultaneously used to establish the inter-relationships within

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Survey of Human–Crocodile Conflict in India, Maharashtra State, December 2007

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Debata, S.; Purohit, S.; Mahata, A.; Jena, S. K. & Palita, S. K. (2018).

4814:(Reptilia: Crocodylidae) in Vishwamitri River, Vadodara City, Gujarat, India" 3952: 3683: 3480: 3441: 3433: 3301: 3217: 3150: 3081: 2828: 2740: 2532: 2528: 2511: 2469: 2451: 1580: 1553: 770: 736: 685: 555: 516: 466: 150: 72: 5436: 5415: 4649: 4628: 4432: 672: 645: 622: 7355: 6854: 6839: 6774: 6765: 6242:

The art of India: Traditions of Indian sculpture, painting and architecture

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Lesson feeding on birds in Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary, Karnataka, India".

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Whitaker, R. & Whitaker, Z. (1989). "Ecology of the mugger crocodile".

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Brochu, C. A. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of

4026: 4007: 3970: 3917: 3872: 3812: 3642: 3545: 3448: 3340: 3328: 3260: 3252: 3000: 2854: 2850: 2839: 2812: 2691: 2507: 1777: 1560: 756: 726: 679: 651: 604: 508: 5984:"Conservation and management of the two species of Sri Lankan Crocodiles ( 5031: 4273:. Vol. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 5. 7501: 7431: 7364: 7052: 6789: 6614: 6255:

Smith, W. L. (1992). "Some hagiographical motifs in the Śaṅkaravijayas".

4515:"Bio-ecological status, management and conservation of Marsh Crocodiles ( 3402: 3305: 2929: 2886: 2843: 2824: 2779: 2699: 2679: 2417: 740: 617: 524: 47: 6318:. Art for tribal rituals in South Gujarat. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vidyapith. 6264: 5087: 5070: 5009:

Sahu, H.; Dutta, S. & Rout, S. (2007). "Survey of Mugger Crocodile (

4953: 4306:(3rd ed.). Darwin: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 94–98. 4091: 3623: 523:, it is threatened by conversion of natural habitats, gets entangled in 7423: 7257: 7102: 6864: 6583: 6540:"Fifteen-foot Bengali crocodile claims king of jungle title from tiger" 6367: 6204: 6064:(Revised and enlarged ed.). Poona: Prasad Prakashan. p. 1218. 5068: 4751:

Nair, T. & Katdare, S. (2013). "Dry-season assessment of gharials (

3526: 3487:. In the early 20th century, young married women fed the crocodiles in 3464: 3101: 3057: 2917: 2913: 2695: 2664: 2634: 2524: 2496: 2485: 2481: 1682: 1655: 1619: 1541: 703: 612: 559: 434: 280: 260: 92: 57: 6522:"Eight Crocodiles, Two Tortoises, Australian Parrots Seized; Two Held" 6130:(Seventh ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 55–57. 4595:

Population in Haleji Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan"

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Chang, M. S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H. & Shaikh, M. Y. (2012).

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Rahim, A.; Gabol, K.; Ahmed, W.; Manzoor, B. & Batool, A. (2018).

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in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it had been pushed to the brink of

502: 7436: 7229: 7221: 7139: 7019: 6669: 5738:"Global diversity of crocodiles (Crocodilia, Reptilia) in freshwater" 5101: 4987: 3930: 3394: 3347: 3237: 3221: 3041: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2630: 2477: 1537: 714: 470: 422: 270: 194: 97: 41: 7326: 6196: 5853: 5479: 4668: 4626: 3385:' refers to the crocodile and a mythical crocodile-like animal. The 2909:. Between 1991 and 1996, it was recorded in another 102 localities. 2651:. A population of around 200 mugger crocodiles lives on the Iranian 708: 7349: 7115: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6482: 6460: 4226: 3538: 3518: 3456: 3429: 3417: 3378: 3323:

In India, it has been protected since 1972 under Schedule I of the

3289: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3025: 2808: 2656: 2519: 2473: 777: 773: 214: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 34: 5626: 4956:"Spatio-temporal partitioning between two sympatric crocodilians ( 4589:

Chang, M. S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H. & Memon, K. (2016).

2538:). Large males may reach a weight of 450 kg (1,000 lb). 477:. Both parents protect the young for up to one year. They feed on 7233: 7124: 6634: 5936: 5195:

Whitaker, R.; Barr, B.; de Silva, A. & Ratnasiri, P. (2007).

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built in the vicinity of rivers; these crocodiles are considered

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relatives are the Siamese crocodile and the saltwater crocodile.

718: 486: 224: 102: 77: 6285:. Vol. 1. London: Richard Bentley and Son. pp. 82–106. 3513:

the crocodile god Mogra Dev asking for children, good crops and

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in the 1990s by dams and channels to funnel natural streams and

7410: 7225: 6705: 5480:"Crocodile human conflict in National Chambal Sanctuary, India" 5457:) population in and around Vadodara city, Gujarat state, India" 4633:

Lesson, 1831 at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal"

3830: 3549: 3498: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3452: 3451:

includes an incident where he is grabbed by a crocodile in the

3425: 3405: 3382: 3245: 3241: 3085: 3073: 3053: 3045: 3029: 3021: 3017: 2925: 2890: 2686:, small mugger populations occur in wetlands of Deh Akro 2 and 2652: 1556: 732: 494: 478: 462: 204: 6108:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co. pp. 109–144. 5108:

4th International Conference on Agriculture and Animal Science

3171: 739:

closely resemble the mugger crocodile in the shortness of the

7548: 6337:. Gland: IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 22–25. 6328: 3609: 3525:, milk, wine, heart and liver of a chicken, and a mixture of 3506: 3502: 3436:

of a mugger crocodile was part of a beam of a gateway to the

3386: 3033: 3013: 2765: 2706: 2672: 2637: 2503: 2465: 785: 752: 608: 454: 446: 419: 167: 161: 5221: 5157: 4880: 595:

also by Gray in 1844 for a young mugger specimen from India.

6149:. Vol. 5. New York: Merrill & Baker. p. 2378. 5486:. Gland: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 105–109. 5318:. Gland: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 276–296. 5069:

Rathore, H. S.; Pati, J.; Das, A. & Pandav, B. (2021).

4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4123:

10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0657:pradto]2.0.co;2

4073: 3672: 3522: 3514: 3191:

A mugger crocodile and a tiger in Ranthambore National Park

3089: 3049: 2916:, it was historically present in the northern parts of the 1791: 796:

Phylogenetic relationships of the mugger crocodile based on

698: 490: 482: 458: 450: 438: 6281:(1877). "IV. Clifton, Ghisri Bandar, The Alligator Tank". 5828: 5172: 4954:

Choudhary, S.; Choudhury, B. C. & Gopi, G. V. (2018).

4700:"Survey of Ghodaghodi Lake Complex for Cotton Pygmy Goose 6837: 6331:"A preliminary analysis of worldwide crocodilian attacks" 5716: 5689: 5008: 4759:. Gland: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. pp. 53–65. 4697: 4557:

in Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary (NDWS) Sindh, Pakistan"

4553:"Distribution and Population Status of Marsh Crocodiles, 3986: 3771:. London: Trustees of the British Museum. pp. 58–63. 3530: 3037: 2678:

In Pakistan, a small population lives in 21 ponds around

5477: 5420:

Lesson, 1831) preys on a radiated tortoise in Sri Lanka"

5308: 5124: 5071:"Population status and distribution of mugger crocodile 4854:) mortality due to roads and railways in Gujarat, India" 4787:"Crocodile conservation, Western Asia Region: an update" 4325: 4277: 2510:

crocodiles. It has a powerful tail and webbed feet. Its

5831:"Sympatric distribution of gharial and mugger in India" 5312:

Crocodiles, their ecology, management, and conservation

4931:

Joshi, R. (2013). "Range extension of mugger crocodile

4911: 4784: 4043:(1886). "Siwalik Crocodilia, Lacertilia, and Ophidia". 3931:

Srikulnath, K.; Thapana, W. & Muangmai, N. (2015).

3749:. Vol. Zoology. Paris: Bertrand. pp. 305–307. 2932:

in the late 1990s. It is considered locally extinct in

2484:

extends to the level of the fourth or fifth tooth. The

2437: 1563:. This cladogram was revised in a paleogenomics study. 558:

from the Gangetic plains. In subsequent years, several

5568: 5367: 5175:

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies

5162:. Gland: IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group. p. 115. 4968:

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

4627:

Bhatt, H. P.; Saund, T. B. & Thapa, J. B. (2012).

4304:

Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

3479:. Mugger crocodiles have also been kept in tanks near 607:

analysis of 23 crocodilian species indicated that the

6491:"Crocodylus palustris Lesson 1831 (mugger crocodile)" 5685: 5683: 5496: 4467: 3791:

Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution

5909:"Emergence of a new potential threat to the Mugger ( 5627:

Lang, J. W.; Andrews, H. & Whitaker, R. (1989).

3370:

Makara on a beam from the Bharhut Stupa, now in the

3267:) sometimes preys on crocodiles on the banks of the 2175: 2155: 1914: 1895: 1859: 1839: 1795: 1686: 1659: 1623: 6313: 6217: 6183:Darian, S. (1976). "The Other Face of the Makara". 5937:Sharma, R. K.; Jangid, A. K. & Das, A. (2021). 5676:. Vol. 1. New York: Merrill. pp. 377–390. 5295:. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons. pp. 273–294. 5197:"Observations on burrows dug by mugger crocodiles ( 4750: 3747:

Voyage aux Indes-Orientales par le nord de l'Europe

6538: 5680: 5190: 5188: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4599:Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 4561:Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 4523:Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 5604:Venugopal, P. D. (2006). "Observations on Mugger 4914:Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences 3552:. A mugger crocodile is one of the characters in 2995:Like all crocodilians, the mugger crocodile is a 635:) is thought to have been the first species that 581:in 1844 for a specimen sent by the Museum of the 7581: 6238:"Makara: end of beam of gateway of Stupa Barhut" 6083:. Delhi: National Publishing House. p. 567. 5603: 4947: 4876: 4874: 4727: 4725: 4662: 4660: 4302:. In Manolis, S. C. & Stevenson, C. (eds.). 4257: 2586:A mugger basking in Chitwan National Park, Nepal 751:, a 30.6 cm (12.0 in) long fossilized 6118: 6010: 6008: 5981: 5304: 5302: 5185: 4763: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4173: 3982: 3980: 3080:). At the Chambal River, muggers have attacked 2495:is nearly straight or curved forwards, and the 6581: 6503:"Crocodiles moved from world's tallest statue" 6388: 6092: 6090: 5424:Taprobanica: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 5293:Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators 5256: 5075:in the Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha, India" 5013:) in Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa, India". 3447:The traditional biography of the Indian saint 7205: 6567: 6347: 6329:Sideleau, B. & Britton, A. R. C. (2012). 6277: 6235: 6166:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 6074: 5851: 5835:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5719:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5700:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5610:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5397:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5346:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5279: 5263:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5205:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4871: 4791:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4722: 4666: 4657: 4339:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4290: 4104: 3924: 3826: 3824: 3822: 6530:"Marsh crocodiles in good condition in Iran" 6432: 6140: 6037: 6005: 5663: 5386: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5299: 4964:) in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India" 4881:Sharma, R. K. & Singh, L. A. K. (2015). 4755:) in the Betwa, Ken and Son Rivers, India". 4506: 4310: 4253: 4251: 4109:based on morphology and the fossil record". 4039: 3977: 3495:in the hope of being blessed with children. 677:. The latter diverged from this group about 7038:Central African slender-snouted crocodile ( 6422:. London: Luzac & Co. pp. 380–381. 6096: 6087: 6055: 5884:Gir Forest and the saga of the Asiatic lion 5777: 5620: 5503:(Lesson, 1831) predation on Brown Fish Owl 5290: 5259:"Wildlife in Bangladesh Mangrove Ecosystem" 4843: 4841: 4057: 3885: 3784: 3762: 3673:Choudhury, B.C. & de Silva, A. (2013). 2643:In Iran, the mugger occurs along rivers in 2552: 780:of the mugger crocodile. Fossil remains of 7212: 7198: 6574: 6560: 6536: 6410: 6295: 6244:. London: Phaidon Press. p. Plate 19. 6182: 6162:"The Reptiles and Amphibia of Cutch State" 6159: 5829:Rao, R. J. & Choudhury, B. C. (1992). 5735: 5328: 5322: 4847: 4078:from the Manneru Valley, Andhra Pradesh". 3819: 3780: 3778: 3758: 3756: 3740: 3602: 3120:) and devoured pieces over several hours. 743:and in the form of the nasal openings. In 570:and proposed different names, including: 329: 139: 120: 6862: 6366: 6356:. New York: The Century Co. pp. 3–9. 6062:The practical Sanskrit–English dictionary 6045:(Report). Madras: Madras Crocodile Trust. 5958: 5871: 5710: 5648: 5522: 5435: 5356: 5142: 5086: 5053: 4930: 4829: 4698:Khatri, T. B. & Baral, H. S. (2012). 4648: 4391: 4381: 4248: 4230:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 4016: 4006: 3987:Lee, M. S. Y. & Yates, A. M. (2018). 3960: 3879: 3862: 3852: 3802: 3632: 3622: 776:in the Sivalik Hills is thought to be an 534: 7029:West African slender snouted crocodile ( 6667: 6378:. London: John Murray. pp. 211–214. 6303:. London: John Murray. pp. 111–113. 5906: 5478:Rao, R. J. & Gurjwar, R. K. (2013). 5450: 5125:Chavan, U.M. & Borkar, M.R. (2022). 4838: 4807: 4629:"Status and Threats to Mugger Crocodile 3720:Global Biodiversity Information Facility 3603:Rio, J. P. & Mannion, P. D. (2021). 3365: 3216:and prefers shallow waterways. It is an 3177:Mugger crocodile attacking a tiger, 1901 2939: 5997:. In Crocodile Specialist Group (ed.). 5943:) mortality in Jawai, Rajasthan, India" 5939:"Blood on the Track: A case of Mugger ( 4861:Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4785:Whitaker, R. & Andrews, H. (2003). 4637:Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 3775: 3753: 784:were also excavated in the vicinity of 7582: 5886:. New Delhi: Indus. pp. 148–152. 5201:) in Bundala National Park, Sri Lanka" 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3596: 3346:Since large muggers occasionally take 3283:The mugger crocodile is threatened by 3161: 2443:Illustration of mugger crocodile skull 1601:West African slender-snouted crocodile 670:) and mugger crocodile diverged about 500:The mugger crocodile evolved at least 7331: 7330: 7193: 7100: 7099: 6836: 6633: 6555: 6532:. Tehran Times Daily Newspaper. 2018. 6254: 5920:Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 5913:) population of Gujarat State, India" 5877: 5786:(2). Zoo’s Print: 2–6. Archived from 5629:"Sex determination and sex ratios in 5497:Hakim, J. & Sharma, J.P. (2024). 4937:Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences 4734:Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 4470:Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 4331:"Reproductive biology of the Mugger ( 4291:Da Silva, A. & Lenin, J. (2010). 4186:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3889:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3408:and of several nature spirits called 3393:The crocodile is acknowledged as the 755:of a mugger crocodile was found in a 735:crocodile specimens excavated in the 531:situations and in traffic accidents. 6400:. London: D. Nutt. pp. 331–333. 6081:A practical Hindi-English dictionary 5540:"An incident of a Mugger Crocodile ( 5144:10.11609/jott.7934.14.11.22118-22132 4810:"Current status of Marsh Crocodiles 3012:The mugger crocodile preys on fish, 2992:increases during the mating season. 2764:and several reservoirs and lakes in 6314:Fischer, E. & Shah, H. (1971). 5696:"The status of Indian crocodilians" 5524:10.11609/jott.9093.16.6.25489-25491 5055:10.11609/jott.3974.10.6.11770-11774 4496:Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences 3684:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3649: 3007: 2659:. Due to human activity and a long 13: 6021:Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 5338:) feeding on large water beetles ( 4848:Vyas, R. & Vasava, A. (2019). 4147:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3994:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 3316:The mugger crocodile is listed in 3236:, in the eastern Mahanadi, and in 2427: 469:during the dry season. The sex of 14: 7666: 6453: 4519:) in Deh Akro 2, Sindh, Pakistan" 2547:British Museum of Natural History 725:, the mugger crocodile's closest 587:British Museum of Natural History 338:Distribution of mugger crocodile 7590:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 7311:Famous crocodiles and alligators 7173: 6547:from the original on 2022-01-12. 3804:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x 3220:in freshwater ecosystems. It is 3198: 3184: 3170: 2973: 2962: 2948: 2827:'s Kadavi and Warna Rivers, and 2645:Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces 2611: 2593: 2579: 2561: 2457:Illustration of mugger dentition 2450: 2436: 2325: 2278: 2232: 2091: 2071: 2046: 1970: 692:likely originated in Africa and 181: 45: 6445:. Lalitpur: Rato Bangala Kitab. 6426: 6404: 6398:Folklore of the Santal Parganas 6394:"The Jackal and the Crocodiles" 6382: 6360: 6341: 6322: 6307: 6289: 6271: 6248: 6229: 6211: 6176: 6153: 6134: 6112: 6068: 6049: 6031: 5975: 5930: 5900: 5880:"Crocodiles and Other Reptiles" 5845: 5822: 5771: 5729: 5657: 5597: 5571:Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 5562: 5531: 5490: 5471: 5444: 5407: 5380: 5284: 5273: 5250: 5215: 5166: 5151: 5118: 5095: 5062: 5025: 5002: 4924: 4905: 4801: 4744: 4691: 4677:in Bardia National Park, Nepal" 4620: 4582: 4544: 4480: 4461: 4426: 4408: 4349: 4220: 4137: 4098: 4067: 4051: 4033: 3933:"Role of chromosome changes in 3311: 3135: 2709:, it occurs in the wetlands of 2499:separate the premaxilla above. 759:bed that probably dates to the 583:Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal 6468:New International Encyclopedia 6416:"The Crocodile and the Jackal" 6372:"The Alligator and the Jackal" 6350:"The Monkey and the Crocodile" 5461:Russian Journal of Herpetology 3734: 3703: 3584:List of reptiles of South Asia 3020:, birds and mammals including 2799:Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuaries 473:depends on temperature during 18:Species of crocodile from Asia 1: 6883:Hall's New Guinea crocodile ( 5244:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00126-9 4883:"Status of Mugger crocodile ( 4681:Hyla: Herpetological Bulletin 4447:10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.008 4159:10.1080/02724634.2021.1879100 3589: 3361: 3325:Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 2980:Muggers basking on sand banks 2790:and Lansdowne Forest Division 7635:National symbols of Pakistan 6420:Village Folk-tales of Ceylon 5583:10.1080/03949370.2013.858276 4567:(3): 453–456. Archived from 4529:(2): 209–214. Archived from 4383:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781 3337:law enforcement in Sri Lanka 3205:Mugger crocodile and gharial 2727:Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve 803:analysis of 12 concatenated 599: 7: 7268:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust 6439:Adventures of a Nepali Frog 6124:"V. The Gangetic Crocodile" 4831:10.11609/jott.o2977.3333-41 4669:"Notes on Mugger Crocodile 4329:& Whitaker, Z. (1984). 4206:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.026 3910:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009 3572: 3567:Adventures of a Nepali Frog 3123: 2897:In Sri Lanka, it occurs in 2859:Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary 2690:Wildlife Sanctuaries, near 10: 7671: 7645:Reptiles described in 1831 7263:List of crurotarsan genera 7071:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile ( 6354:The Jatakas Tales of India 5960:10.17161/randa.v28i2.15591 5511:Journal of Threatened Taxa 5131:Journal of Threatened Taxa 5042:Journal of Threatened Taxa 4818:Journal of Threatened Taxa 4673:(Lesson, 1831) hunting on 4605:(1): 41–44. Archived from 4242:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa074 3854:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0 3354:in severe conflict cases. 3278: 3112:, a mugger killed a large 2820:Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary 2775:National Chambal Sanctuary 1856:Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni 616:most likely originated in 418:) is a medium-sized broad- 7650:Taxa named by René Lesson 7339: 7281: 7240: 7169: 7137: 7113: 7109: 7095: 7050: 7017: 7007: 6853: 6849: 6832: 6787: 6763: 6721: 6704: 6650: 6646: 6629: 6591: 6221:(1931). "4. The Makara". 5947:Reptiles & Amphibians 5757:10.1007/s10750-007-9030-4 5393:eating Soft-shell Turtle" 4435:Experimental Parasitology 3743:"Le Crocodile des Marais" 2955:Mugger walking, Sri Lanka 2877:Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary 2753:Ranthambore National Park 2600:A mugger on the banks of 2322: 2309: 2302: 2275: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2229: 2222: 2204: 2197: 2168: 2148: 2141: 2134: 2086: 2068: 2061: 2043: 2036: 2005: 1992: 1985: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1945: 1908: 1888: 1881: 1852: 1836:Crocodylus anthropophagus 1832: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1788: 1781: 1724: 1706: 1699: 1679: 1672: 1652: 1645: 1616: 1598: 1591: 1584: 1574: 1489: 1467: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1409: 1387: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1322: 1300: 1278: 1256: 1243: 1236: 1229: 1222: 1215: 1208: 1152: 1114: 1094: 1087: 1049: 1034: 1027: 1007: 1000: 993: 964: 926: 906: 899: 870: 850: 843: 836: 829: 822: 349: 342: 337: 328: 309: 302: 178:Scientific classification 176: 159: 137: 128: 119: 25: 6991:West African crocodile ( 6640:(Alligators and caimans) 5982:Jayawardene, J. (2004). 5706:(Supplement): 1238−1245. 5544:) devouring a Pangolin ( 4702:Nettapus coromandelianus 3953:10.5808/GI.2015.13.4.102 3937:evolution and diversity" 3275:during dry, hot months. 3100:); several instances of 2732:In India, it occurs in: 2553:Distribution and habitat 1709:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile 688:analysis indicated that 7291:Fatal alligator attacks 7040:Mecistops leptorhynchus 6808:Smooth-fronted caiman ( 6799:Cuvier's dwarf caiman ( 6147:The New Natural History 5674:The New Natural History 5437:10.4038/tapro.v3i1.3232 5257:Khan, M. A. R. (1986). 5224:Biological Conservation 5079:Herpetological Bulletin 4650:10.3126/njst.v13i1.7451 2863:Nagarhole National Park 1892:Crocodylus palaeindicus 766:Crocodylus palaeindicus 711: million years ago 673:11.65 to 6.52 646:12.45 to 7.17 623:13.72 to 8.28 564:natural history museums 529:human–wildlife conflict 505: million years ago 437:habitats from southern 7031:Mecistops cataphractus 6937:New Guinea crocodile ( 6910:Philippine crocodile ( 6901:Freshwater crocodile ( 6742:Broad-snouted caiman ( 6348:Babbit, E. C. (1912). 6236:Kramrisch, S. (1954). 6106:The Second Jungle Book 6075:Caturvedi, M. (1970). 5852:Pandit, P. K. (2012). 5810:Cite journal requires 4667:Bhattarai, S. (2016). 4271:Fauna of British India 4008:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071 3841:Communications Biology 3559:The Second Jungle Book 3374: 3372:Indian Museum, Kolkata 3257:Panthera tigris tigris 3140:Female muggers obtain 2907:Bundala National Parks 2873:Parambikulam Reservoir 2805:Simlipal National Park 2207:West African crocodile 2172:Crocodylus falconensis 2132:Africa+New World 1604:Mecistops cataphractus 680:8.91 to 4.19 535:Taxonomy and evolution 7630:Reptiles of Sri Lanka 7523:Paleobiology Database 6955:Saltwater crocodile ( 6919:Morelet's crocodile ( 6495:Paleobiology Database 6299:(1906). "Crocodile". 6141:Lydekker, R. (1901). 6038:Whitaker, N. (2007). 5664:Lydekker, R. (1901). 5387:Ranjitsh, M. (1989). 5104:Crocodylus Palustrius 4045:Palaeontologia Indica 3489:Khan Jahan Ali's Tank 3369: 3304:practices or used as 2990:Territorial behaviour 2940:Behaviour and ecology 2867:Tungabhadra Reservoir 2788:Corbett Tiger Reserve 2723:Chitwan National Park 2715:Bardia National Parks 2568:Mugger crocodiles in 2007:Philippine crocodile 1994:New Guinea crocodile 1969:Freshwater crocodile 1730:Osteolaemus tetraspis 1491:Freshwater crocodile 1469:Philippine crocodile 1456:New Guinea crocodile 481:, and adults prey on 392:Crocodylus palustris 376:Crocodilus bombifrons 7655:Crocodilians of Asia 7615:Reptiles of Pakistan 7385:Crocodylus_palustris 7371:Crocodylus palustris 7341:Crocodylus palustris 7220:Related articles on 6874:American crocodile ( 6679:American alligator ( 6483:The Reptile Database 6478:Crocodylus palustris 6056:Apte, V. S. (1957). 5990:Crocodylus palustris 5941:Crocodylus palustris 5911:Crocodylus palustris 5778:Vyas, R. V. (2021). 5650:10.1093/icb/29.3.935 5631:Crocodylus palustris 5606:Crocodylus palustris 5542:Crocodylus palustris 5501:Crocodylus palustris 5455:Crocodilus palustris 5418:Crocodylus palustris 5391:Crocodilus palustris 5336:Crocodilus palustris 5199:Crocodylus palustris 5073:Crocodylus palustris 5036:Crocodylus palustris 5011:Crocodylus palustris 4962:Crocodylus palustris 4933:Crocodylus palustris 4885:Crocodylus palustris 4852:Crocodylus palustris 4812:Crocodylus palustris 4706:Crocodylus palustris 4671:Crocodylus palustris 4631:Crocodylus palustris 4593:Crocodylus palustris 4555:Crocodilus palustris 4517:Crocodylus palustris 4333:Crocodylus palustris 4295:Crocodylus palustris 4265:Crocodilus palustris 4076:Crocodylus palustris 3785:Oaks, J. R. (2011). 3763:Gray, J. E. (1844). 3713:Crocodylus palustris 3677:Crocodylus palustris 3294:agricultural runoffs 2883:Amaravathi Reservoir 2784:Rajaji National Park 2675:were flooded again. 2667:. Following several 2649:Iran–Pakistan border 2264:Morelet's crocodile 2152:Crocodylus checchiai 2045:Saltwater crocodile 1411:Saltwater crocodile 1302:Morelet's crocodile 1155:Freshwater crocodile 1117:Philippine crocodile 1097:New Guinea crocodile 637:genetically diverged 629:freshwater crocodile 568:zoological specimens 540:Crocodilus palustris 445:, where it inhabits 415:Crocodylus palustris 384:Crocodilus trigonops 361:Crocodilus vulgarts 353:Crocodilus palustris 313:Crocodylus palustris 7605:Fauna of South Asia 7180:Reptiles portal 6982:Siamese crocodile ( 6892:Orinoco crocodile ( 6733:Spectacled caiman ( 6688:Chinese alligator ( 6681:A. mississippiensis 6537:Nelson, D. (2011). 6219:Coomaraswamy, A. K. 6160:McCann, C. (1938). 5736:Martin, S. (2008). 5690:Whitaker, R. & 5546:Manis crassicaudata 5416:"Mugger crocodile ( 5236:2001BCons..97..305S 5137:(11): 22118–22132. 5088:10.33256/hb156.2830 4980:2018ACMFE..28.1067C 4958:Gavialis gangeticus 4889:Gavialis gangeticus 4850:"Mugger Crocodile ( 4797:(2&3): 432–445. 4753:Gavialis gangeticus 4374:2012PLoSO...731781E 4198:2011MolPE..60..183M 3902:2008MolPE..48.1232G 3741:Lesson, R. (1834). 3624:10.7717/peerj.12094 3579:Crocodiles in India 3285:habitat destruction 3232:) in the Rapti and 3230:Gavialis gangeticus 3162:Sympatric predators 3118:Manis crassicaudata 2924:in the country. In 2618:Mugger in Malataj, 2543:zoological specimen 2324:American crocodile 1712:Osteolaemus osborni 1258:American crocodile 1191:Illumina sequencing 1010:Saltwater crocodile 929:Morelet's crocodile 656:saltwater crocodile 643:of the genus about 443:Indian subcontinent 399:Deraniyagala, 1936 131:Conservation status 7640:Tool-using animals 7253:Foramen of Panizza 6964:Borneo crocodile ( 6946:Mugger crocodile ( 6143:"Indian crocodile" 5986:Crocodylus porosus 5878:Mitra, S. (2005). 5637:American Zoologist 5517:(6): 25489–25491. 5505:Ketupa zeylonensis 5499:"Mugger Crocodile 5048:(6): 11770–11774. 5034:"Mugger Crocodile 4293:"Mugger Crocodile 3375: 3110:Yala National Park 3098:Ketupa zeylonensis 3072:up to the size of 2846:and in small lakes 2840:Salaulim Reservoir 2311:Orinoco crocodile 2070:Siamese crocodile 1389:Siamese crocodile 1245:Orinoco crocodile 853:American crocodile 433:. It is native to 7625:Reptiles of Nepal 7620:Reptiles of India 7577: 7576: 7510:Open Tree of Life 7333:Taxon identifiers 7324: 7323: 7296:Crocodile attacks 7273:The Croc Festival 7248:Crocodilian armor 7187: 7186: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7091: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7062:Dwarf crocodile ( 7003: 7002: 6973:Cuban crocodile ( 6844: 6843:(True crocodiles) 6828: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6715: 6700: 6699: 6661: 6641: 6543:. The Telegraph. 6102:"The Undertakers" 5907:Vyas, R. (2017). 5451:Vyas, R. (2010). 4824:(14): 3333–3341. 4808:Vyas, R. (2012). 4704:and Marsh Mugger 4416:"Marsh Crocodile" 4086:(9/10): 687–689. 3797:(11): 3285–3297. 3691:: e.T5667A3046723 3544:A fable from the 3440:built around 100 3273:Gir National Park 2762:Vishwamitri River 2669:tropical cyclones 2424: 2423: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2382: 2374: 2373: 2365: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2338: 2337: 2291: 2290: 2186: 2185: 2122: 2121: 2113: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2025: 2024: 2016: 2015: 1934: 1933: 1925: 1924: 1870: 1869: 1767: 1766: 1758: 1757: 1749: 1748: 1740: 1739: 1634: 1633: 1544:study, for which 1532: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1478: 1477: 1429: 1428: 1420: 1419: 1398: 1397: 1333: 1332: 1311: 1310: 1289: 1288: 1267: 1266: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1170: 1169: 1141: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1076: 1075: 1067: 1066: 1052:Siamese crocodile 982: 981: 953: 952: 944: 943: 888: 887: 873:Orinoco crocodile 805:mitochondrial DNA 749:Prakasam district 721:boundary. Within 682:million years ago 675:million years ago 664:Siamese crocodile 648:million years ago 625:million years ago 527:and is killed in 406: 405: 400: 388: 380: 372: 357: 295:C. palustris 171: 154: 7662: 7610:Reptiles of Iran 7570: 7569: 7557: 7556: 7544: 7543: 7531: 7530: 7518: 7517: 7505: 7504: 7492: 7491: 7479: 7478: 7466: 7465: 7453: 7452: 7440: 7439: 7427: 7426: 7414: 7413: 7401: 7400: 7388: 7387: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7328: 7327: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7191: 7190: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7111: 7110: 7097: 7096: 7015: 7014: 6928:Nile crocodile ( 6860: 6859: 6851: 6850: 6842: 6834: 6833: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6648: 6647: 6639: 6631: 6630: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6533: 6525: 6524:. Mid-Day. 2018. 6517: 6515: 6514: 6498: 6472: 6464: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6094: 6085: 6084: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5996: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5962: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5917: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5858: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5742: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5365: 5354: 5353: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5306: 5297: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5192: 5183: 5182: 5181:(5 Part A): 1–5. 5170: 5164: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4988:10.1002/aqc.2911 4951: 4945: 4944: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4878: 4869: 4868: 4858: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4782: 4761: 4760: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4729: 4720: 4719: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4493: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4385: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4323: 4308: 4307: 4301: 4288: 4275: 4274: 4259:Boulenger, G. A. 4255: 4246: 4245: 4236:(4): 1075–1089. 4224: 4218: 4217: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4020: 4010: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3964: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3896:(3): 1232–1237. 3883: 3877: 3876: 3866: 3856: 3828: 3817: 3816: 3806: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3760: 3751: 3750: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3670: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3626: 3600: 3420:as a vehicle of 3416:, it represents 3318:CITES Appendix I 3265:Panthera leo leo 3202: 3188: 3174: 3062:flapshell turtle 3008:Hunting and diet 2977: 2966: 2952: 2849:Karnataka along 2793:Uttar Pradesh's 2615: 2597: 2583: 2565: 2454: 2440: 2418:crown group 2329: 2305: 2304: 2282: 2277:Cuban crocodile 2258: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2236: 2225: 2224: 2200: 2199: 2177: 2157: 2144: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2095: 2089:Mugger crocodile 2075: 2064: 2063: 2050: 2039: 2038: 1988: 1987: 1974: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1916: 1897: 1884: 1883: 1861: 1841: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1797: 1784: 1783: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1675: 1674: 1661: 1648: 1647: 1625: 1594: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1567: 1566: 1450: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1375:Mugger crocodile 1368: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1280:Cuban crocodile 1239: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1200: 1199: 1186: 1185: 1090: 1089: 1037:Mugger crocodile 1030: 1029: 1003: 1002: 996: 995: 902: 901: 846: 845: 839: 838: 832: 831: 825: 824: 814: 813: 800: 799: 761:late Pleistocene 712: 683: 676: 649: 626: 579:John Edward Gray 562:and curators of 506: 425:, also known as 410:mugger crocodile 398: 395: 386: 378: 367: 364: 355: 333: 315: 251:Archosauriformes 238:Archosauromorpha 186: 185: 165: 148: 143: 142: 124: 114: 44: 31:Late Pleistocene 29:Temporal range: 26:Mugger crocodile 23: 22: 7670: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7565: 7560: 7552: 7547: 7539: 7534: 7526: 7521: 7513: 7508: 7500: 7497:Observation.org 7495: 7487: 7482: 7474: 7469: 7461: 7456: 7448: 7443: 7435: 7430: 7422: 7417: 7409: 7404: 7396: 7391: 7383: 7378: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7335: 7325: 7320: 7316:Sewer alligator 7306:Crocodile tears 7283: 7277: 7236: 7218: 7188: 7183: 7174: 7172: 7157: 7149:False gharial ( 7133: 7105: 7079: 7046: 7011: 6999: 6939:C. novaeguineae 6845: 6816: 6783: 6759: 6751:Yacare caiman ( 6711: 6710: 6708: 6696: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6642: 6625: 6621:Crocodylomorpha 6587: 6580: 6528: 6520: 6512: 6510: 6501: 6489: 6459: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6442: 6431: 6427: 6409: 6405: 6387: 6383: 6376:Old Deccan Days 6365: 6361: 6346: 6342: 6327: 6323: 6312: 6308: 6294: 6290: 6276: 6272: 6253: 6249: 6234: 6230: 6223:Yakṣas. Part II 6216: 6212: 6197:10.2307/3250095 6181: 6177: 6158: 6154: 6139: 6135: 6120:Hornaday, W. T. 6117: 6113: 6095: 6088: 6073: 6069: 6054: 6050: 6042: 6036: 6032: 6013: 6006: 5994: 5980: 5976: 5935: 5931: 5915: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5876: 5872: 5856: 5850: 5846: 5827: 5823: 5811: 5809: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5791: 5776: 5772: 5740: 5734: 5730: 5725:(2–3): 274–285. 5715: 5711: 5688: 5681: 5662: 5658: 5625: 5621: 5602: 5598: 5567: 5563: 5536: 5532: 5495: 5491: 5476: 5472: 5449: 5445: 5412: 5408: 5385: 5381: 5366: 5357: 5327: 5323: 5315: 5307: 5300: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5274: 5255: 5251: 5220: 5216: 5193: 5186: 5171: 5167: 5156: 5152: 5123: 5119: 5100: 5096: 5067: 5063: 5030: 5026: 5007: 5003: 4952: 4948: 4929: 4925: 4910: 4906: 4879: 4872: 4856: 4846: 4839: 4806: 4802: 4783: 4764: 4749: 4745: 4730: 4723: 4696: 4692: 4665: 4658: 4625: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4587: 4583: 4574: 4572: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4534: 4511: 4507: 4491: 4485: 4481: 4466: 4462: 4431: 4427: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4354: 4350: 4324: 4311: 4299: 4289: 4278: 4256: 4249: 4225: 4221: 4178: 4174: 4153:(6): e1879100. 4142: 4138: 4103: 4099: 4080:Current Science 4072: 4068: 4056: 4052: 4038: 4034: 3985: 3978: 3941:Genomics Inform 3929: 3925: 3884: 3880: 3829: 3820: 3783: 3776: 3761: 3754: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3671: 3650: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3575: 3564:children’s book 3556:, a chapter of 3554:The Undertakers 3414:Hindu mythology 3364: 3314: 3281: 3234:Narayani Rivers 3210: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3164: 3142:sexual maturity 3138: 3126: 3114:Indian pangolin 3082:water buffaloes 3010: 2997:thermoconformer 2985: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2942: 2922:locally extinct 2833:Raigad District 2626: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2616: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2602:Vashishti River 2598: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2570:Chabahar County 2566: 2555: 2536: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2430: 2428:Characteristics 2425: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2292: 2246:New World 2231:Nile crocodile 2187: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2026: 2017: 1951:Asia+Australia 1935: 1926: 1871: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1727:Dwarf crocodile 1635: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1519: 1510: 1501: 1479: 1430: 1421: 1399: 1334: 1324:Nile crocodile 1312: 1290: 1268: 1180: 1171: 1142: 1133: 1101:C. novaeguineae 1077: 1068: 983: 954: 945: 909:Cuban crocodile 889: 797: 782:C. palaeindicus 707: 678: 671: 644: 641:common ancestor 621: 602: 544:scientific name 537: 521:protected areas 501: 457:and artificial 431:marsh crocodile 393: 362: 324: 317: 311: 298: 180: 172: 155: 144: 140: 133: 115: 113: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 39: 38: 27: 19: 12: 11: 5: 7668: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7595:Apex predators 7592: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7558: 7545: 7532: 7519: 7506: 7493: 7480: 7467: 7454: 7441: 7428: 7415: 7402: 7389: 7376: 7361: 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7301:Crocodile farm 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7217: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7107: 7106: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7012: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6970: 6961: 6952: 6943: 6934: 6925: 6916: 6912:C. mindorensis 6907: 6898: 6894:C. intermedius 6889: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6857: 6847: 6846: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6805: 6801:P. palpebrosus 6795: 6793: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6775:Black caiman ( 6771: 6769: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6748: 6744:C. latirostris 6739: 6729: 6727: 6716: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6662: 6644: 6643: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6534: 6526: 6518: 6499: 6486: 6485: 6473: 6462:"Mugger" 6455: 6454:External links 6452: 6449: 6448: 6425: 6403: 6390:Bodding, P. O. 6381: 6359: 6340: 6321: 6306: 6288: 6283:Sind revisited 6270: 6247: 6228: 6210: 6175: 6152: 6133: 6111: 6086: 6067: 6048: 6030: 6004: 5974: 5953:(2): 320–321. 5929: 5899: 5893:978-8173871832 5892: 5870: 5844: 5821: 5812:|journal= 5770: 5751:(1): 587–591. 5728: 5709: 5679: 5656: 5643:(3): 935–952. 5619: 5596: 5561: 5530: 5489: 5470: 5443: 5406: 5379: 5355: 5321: 5298: 5283: 5272: 5249: 5230:(3): 305–318. 5214: 5184: 5165: 5150: 5117: 5094: 5081:(156): 28–30. 5061: 5024: 5001: 4946: 4923: 4904: 4870: 4837: 4800: 4762: 4743: 4721: 4718:(10): 137–144. 4690: 4656: 4643:(1): 125–131. 4619: 4581: 4543: 4505: 4479: 4460: 4425: 4420:www.wii.gov.in 4407: 4348: 4309: 4276: 4247: 4219: 4192:(1): 183–191. 4172: 4136: 4117:(3): 657–673. 4097: 4066: 4050: 4032: 3976: 3947:(4): 102–111. 3923: 3878: 3818: 3774: 3752: 3733: 3702: 3648: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3571: 3399:animal vehicle 3363: 3360: 3313: 3310: 3288:Pakistan were 3280: 3277: 3269:Kamleshwar Dam 3214:brackish water 3204: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3137: 3134: 3125: 3122: 3094:brown fish owl 3048:, but also on 3009: 3006: 2979: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2895: 2894: 2879: 2869: 2847: 2836: 2822: 2816: 2801: 2791: 2777: 2771:Madhya Pradesh 2768: 2755: 2719:Ghodaghodi Tal 2684:Sindh Province 2617: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2599: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2567: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2534: 2527:of 7,295 2456: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1575: 1573: 1565: 1550:DNA sequencing 1530: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193:of mitogenomes 1182: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1121:C. mindorensis 1113: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1006: 1001: 999: 994: 992: 989: 988: 985: 984: 980: 979: 976: 975: 967:Nile crocodile 963: 960: 959: 956: 955: 951: 950: 947: 946: 942: 941: 938: 937: 925: 922: 921: 918: 917: 905: 900: 898: 895: 894: 891: 890: 886: 885: 882: 881: 877:C. intermedius 869: 866: 865: 862: 861: 849: 844: 842: 837: 835: 830: 828: 823: 821: 812: 809: 808: 798: 795: 794: 745:Andhra Pradesh 601: 598: 597: 596: 590: 536: 533: 404: 403: 402: 401: 389: 381: 373: 358: 347: 346: 340: 339: 335: 334: 326: 325: 318: 307: 306: 300: 299: 292: 290: 286: 285: 278: 274: 273: 268: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 248: 241: 240: 235: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 174: 173: 160: 157: 156: 138: 135: 134: 129: 126: 125: 117: 116: 108: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 28: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7667: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7568: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7381: 7377: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7215: 7210: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7196: 7195: 7192: 7182: 7181: 7168: 7154: 7152: 7151:T. schlegelii 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7130: 7128: 7127:G. gangeticus 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7094: 7076: 7074: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7009:Osteolaeminae 7006: 6996: 6994: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6835: 6831: 6813: 6811: 6810:P. trigonatus 6806: 6804: 6802: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6756: 6754: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6735:C. crocodilus 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6717: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6653: 6652:Alligatorinae 6649: 6645: 6638: 6637:Alligatoridae 6632: 6628: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6585: 6577: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6317: 6310: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6284: 6280: 6279:Burton, R. F. 6274: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6185:Artibus Asiae 6179: 6172:(3): 425–427. 6171: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6041: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6009: 6000: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5912: 5903: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5841:(3): 312–315. 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5817: 5804: 5790:on 2021-08-14 5789: 5785: 5781: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5745:Hydrobiologia 5739: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5692:Daniel, J. C. 5686: 5684: 5675: 5671: 5669: 5660: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5558:(3): 147–150. 5557: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5534: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5419: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5334:"The Mugger ( 5331: 5325: 5314: 5313: 5305: 5303: 5294: 5287: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5154: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5074: 5065: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4950: 4943:(1): 100–109. 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4920:(2): 409–414. 4919: 4915: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4877: 4875: 4867:(3): 615–626. 4866: 4862: 4855: 4853: 4844: 4842: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4663: 4661: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4609:on 2018-10-20 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4585: 4571:on 2018-10-20 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4556: 4547: 4533:on 2018-10-20 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4368:(3): e31781. 4367: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4345:(2): 297–317. 4344: 4340: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4305: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4272: 4268: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4062: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3983: 3981: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3836: 3835:Voay robustus 3827: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3779: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3757: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3481:Hindu temples 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3438:Bharhut Stupa 3435: 3434:stone carving 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3368: 3359: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3341:Iranian rials 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3302:superstitious 3297: 3296:into rivers. 3295: 3291: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3218:apex predator 3215: 3201: 3187: 3173: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2976: 2965: 2951: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2881:Tamil Nadu's 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:Kabini Rivers 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2829:Savitri River 2826: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2813:Sabari Rivers 2810: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2621: 2614: 2604:, Maharashtra 2603: 2596: 2582: 2571: 2564: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2470:keeled scales 2467: 2453: 2439: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2406: 2405: 2397: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2370: 2369: 2361: 2360: 2352: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2273: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2227: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2118: 2117: 2109: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2021: 2020: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1930: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1913:Tirari Desert 1912: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1763: 1762: 1754: 1753: 1745: 1744: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1650: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1581:Osteolaeminae 1579: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1554:stratigraphic 1551: 1547: 1546:morphological 1543: 1539: 1523: 1522: 1514: 1513: 1505: 1504: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1072: 1071: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1004: 998: 997: 991: 990: 987: 986: 978: 977: 974: 972: 968: 962: 961: 958: 957: 949: 948: 940: 939: 936: 934: 930: 924: 923: 920: 919: 916: 914: 910: 904: 903: 897: 896: 893: 892: 884: 883: 880: 878: 874: 868: 867: 864: 863: 860: 858: 854: 848: 847: 841: 840: 834: 833: 827: 826: 819: 816: 815: 811: 810: 806: 802: 801: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 772: 771:late Pliocene 768: 767: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 737:Sivalik Hills 734: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 710: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 687: 686:paleogenomics 681: 674: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 647: 642: 638: 634: 630: 624: 619: 615: 614: 610: 606: 594: 591: 588: 584: 580: 576: 575:C. bombifrons 573: 572: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556:type specimen 553: 549: 545: 541: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:IUCN Red List 514: 510: 504: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 416: 411: 397: 390: 385: 382: 377: 374: 370: 366: 359: 356:Lesson, 1831 354: 351: 350: 348: 345: 341: 336: 332: 327: 322: 316: 314: 308: 305: 304:Binomial name 301: 297: 296: 291: 288: 287: 284: 283: 279: 276: 275: 272: 269: 266: 265: 262: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 242: 239: 236: 233: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 189: 184: 179: 175: 169: 163: 158: 152: 147: 136: 132: 127: 123: 118: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 43: 36: 32: 24: 21: 16: 7600:Crocodylidae 7340: 7171: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7114: 7072: 7064:O. tetraspis 7063: 7051: 7039: 7030: 7018: 6992: 6984:C. siamensis 6983: 6975:C. rhombifer 6974: 6965: 6956: 6948:C. palustris 6947: 6945: 6938: 6930:C. niloticus 6929: 6921:C. moreletii 6920: 6911: 6903:C. johnstoni 6902: 6893: 6884: 6875: 6863: 6855:Crocodylinae 6840:Crocodylidae 6809: 6800: 6788: 6776: 6766:Melanosuchus 6764: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6722: 6689: 6680: 6668: 6658:(Alligators) 6619:Superorder: 6613:(unranked): 6511:. Retrieved 6506: 6494: 6476: 6466: 6438: 6434:Dixit, K. M. 6428: 6419: 6406: 6397: 6384: 6375: 6362: 6353: 6343: 6334: 6324: 6315: 6309: 6300: 6291: 6282: 6273: 6256: 6250: 6241: 6231: 6222: 6213: 6191:(1): 29–36. 6188: 6184: 6178: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6146: 6136: 6127: 6114: 6105: 6080: 6070: 6061: 6051: 6033: 6024: 6020: 5998: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5932: 5923: 5919: 5910: 5902: 5883: 5873: 5864: 5860: 5847: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5803:cite journal 5792:. 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