456:
the site is located, there is an abundance of these secondary jar burials. Excavations of the site Mueang Fa Deat Song Yang had many secondary jar burials that were on mounds and surrounded by moats and with them, they found iron slag. These indicators of the iron-smelting processes were found with the jars, which helps reinforce the chronology of the site, post-Iron Age. The jar burials that were excavated from Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang included bronze ornaments (bells, rings, and bracelets), iron implements, pottery vessels, and glass beads along with human bones and skulls. These are interpreted to be funerary gifts and offerings to the dead. The size and styles of the ceramic jars vary greatly, for example, some have a corded design and are finely baked, and some are more crudely fired. This gives insight to possible socio-cultural rituals or aspects of life that this monastery had. Their beliefs can be interpreted as well, as communities that typically practice this type of burial process put a value on the bones of their ancestors and see a connection with their bones and spirits. It is explained that families believe that their potential fortunes can depend on this burial ritual, as their relationship with their dead. Primary burials are thought to be dated to the 7th-11th century and secondary burials from the 12th-13th century.
66:
332:
communities.It is believed that there was a surplus of agriculture which was used to trade for stone and metal used in an abundance of buddhist art. The presence of the rivers nearby also contributed to the spread of ideas and practices such as the
Buddhist religion. It was originally thought that the waterways may have provided protection for the people living in Mueang Fa Daet but the position of stupas outside of the moat may disagree with that. The location of the site seems to be well thought through, as its near river systems that could have been potentially utilized for transportation and trade. It can also be interpreted that there was a dynamic relationship between the monastery and the community nearby. The monastery may have gotten food and other donations from the community to sustain themselves. The landscape and layout of the site and settlement, especially the stupas outside the moats, also suggest that
412:
earlier evidence buried under the later Khmer period temples that are yet to be identified. The distribution of these sites can elude a lower population density during this time period and potentially unstable power centers. A disagreement in interpreting evidence from Muang Fa Daed lies in the discussion of outside contact and where it exactly came from, and theories vary based on the profession of the individual presenting evidence. One interpretation, from art historians, is that the links from the Khorat
Plateau to outside contact were mainly the Chao Phraya River Valley in central Thailand, a place where the Dvaravati culture and styles thrived. Close connections were seen in Buddhist art and pottery styles (cord-marked) between the southwest Dvaravati culture and that of Mueang Fa Daet. Another interpretation taken by historians is that the epigraphic evidence presented points to
345:
365:, which are boundary markers that had religious scenes depicted on them. Pictorial semas with religious scenes reflecting Buddhism start to appear around the 9th to the 11th century. When looking at these mounds and structures and their placements, it is evident that there are no main or central habituation mounds present but just smaller ones. This suggests that there wasn’t a big village present at the site that would have had economic or administrative centers, although it could have been a larger, sacred ceremonial center. More evidence pointing to this site being a monastery besides looking at the specific stupa bases are the numerous carvings and inscriptions found depicting Buddhist religious imagery with Dvaravati-style iconography. Some of these carvings included scenes from the
473:. Indrawooth dug nine test pits total which revealed much more information about what life was like in Mueang Fa Daet. The first five test pits were larger revealing evidence of pottery production and included multiple burials and their grave goods. The last four test pits were smaller in size but exposed evidence of jar burials and cremation burials. The site is believed to be first occupied starting in 300 B.C. - 200 A.D and shows burial practices dated to around the 7th - 11th centuries for the jar burials and the 12th-13th century for cremation burials.
324:
390:
1128:
403:
might have been a place of pottery production with large amounts of clay and remnants of a kiln left behind The narrative art found on many sema stones is also believed to have originated in Mueang Fa Daet. The appearance of narrative art sema stones is very limited with the site of Muang Fa Daed having the largest number with a total of 15.
1058:
455:
There are two types of jar burials, primary and secondary burials, wherein primary burials consist of earthenware jars with enclosed human remains that include flesh and secondary burials have enclosed bones that have been defleshed. In northeast
Thailand, specifically, the Mun and Chi valleys where
314:
culture based on the multitude of artifacts and features found at the site. The site was first excavated in 1968 and later by
Phasook Indrawood in 1991, who dug nine test pits and found two phases of occupation. This region also indicated that agriculture was a large part of the lifestyle here. The
464:
The first excavation of Muang Fa Daet took place in 1968 which exposed 14 monuments related to the
Dvaravati period. These monuments included stupas and votive tablets that date back, in style, to the 7th-11th centuries which is when people are believed to have inhabited this area. Although there
446:
of charcoal samples from multiple burial sites. Burials found from this time period were extended burials placed on a western alignment and possessed no grave goods. The second phase was during the
Dvaravati period which included burials in the primary and secondary burials. Both types of burials
397:
The site of Muang Fa Daet was likely a
Buddhist society based on the style of artifacts and features found there. The time period and style of ceramics and Buddhist artifacts found here link the culture to the Davaravati period based on its similarity to other Thailand Davaravati sites. With this
402:
is also thought to influence the culture and religious themes of Mueang Fa Daet as it spread throughout
Thailand. The influence of the Khmer Empire can be seen in the specific pottery styles which included corded patterns, incised sherds, and carinated pots. There is also evidence that this site
411:
It’s evident that there is contact with others, as ideas, religions, and cultures flow and interacted within the site of Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang. Although there is not enough evidence to detect exactly where the spread of culture and where political power flows were taking place, there may be
331:
Located on the Pao River on the Khorat
Plateau, it is south of the Sakhon Nakhon basin and north of the Chi River system. This site is located near multiple waterways making it an excellent location for rice farming. The access to nearby waterways also made it easier for trade among nearby
441:
When this site was excavated in 1991 it was discovered that there were two phases of occupation. The first phase took place during the so-called “iron age” and the second during the early
Dvaravati period. The first phase was dated to around 300 BC-AD 200 determined from
381:. Across the Khorat Plateau and Chao Phraya Basin around this time, the early historical period, themes of Dvaravati ideologies, architecture, and sculptures can be found, as there was an increase of large ceremonial centers, changing the archaeological landscape.
398:
site being a Buddhist society it is thought that there was a presence of Monks in the city. Based on the estimated population size there could have been as many as 85-164 men who could have taken on this role without disturbing the aspects of everyday life. The
309:
system to the south. The site on Muang Fa Daed was also an excellent location for trade and transportation due to its proximity to multiple waterways. This site shows evidence of a large-scale Buddhist community and is often associated with the
508:"Buddhism and its Relationship to Dvaravati Period Settlement Patterns and Material Culture in Northeast Thailand and Central Laos c. Sixth–Eleventh Centuries a.d. : A Historical Ecology Approach to the Landscape of the Khorat Plateau"
1012:
447:
from this phase included burials graves with the primary ones including things such as pottery, bracelets, beads, etc. The secondary burials were unique in that they had boxes with bones and ashes inside.
352:
Muang Fa Daet Song Yang is a moated monastery with a water reservoir, several scattered structures, and a large ceremonial center. The site is known for its architectural features, including large brick
948:
1053:
70:
Prataduyaku, the central Stupa, is characteristic of the Dvaravati architectural style integrated with Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin styles, dating back around the 7th-11th century CE.
1019:
465:
have been many findings at this site there has not been any evidence that it was a place of habitation during the Dvaravati period and didn't become inhabited until the
1024:
1046:
1007:
955:
65:
1096:
1091:
1041:
579:
Crossing Borders: Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists
1151:
21:
344:
595:
844:
507:
941:
670:
266:
166:
900:
760:"Northeast Thailand before Angkor: Evidence from an Archaeological Excavation at the Prasat Hin Phimai"
645:
643:
641:
639:
636:
1065:
469:. It wasn't until May 1991 that the site was investigated further by Phasook Indrawooth from the
336:
moved into the site, and prior to this the moat was used to keep things out, as protection.
710:"Archaeology of Northeast Thailand in Relation to the Pre-Khmer and Khmer Historical Records"
416:
being their main outside source of contact. The evidence are texts found that are written in
302:
470:
333:
234:
845:"The case for proto-Dvāravatī: A review of the art historical and archaeological evidence"
8:
323:
286:
1036:
1031:
872:
797:
737:
601:
545:
443:
361:. The site also features Dvaravati style architecture including an ubosot and over 170
290:
83:
920:
876:
864:
801:
789:
741:
729:
666:
591:
537:
466:
549:
271:
171:
912:
856:
779:
771:
721:
658:
583:
527:
519:
294:
101:
87:
624:
Talbot, Sarah. "Before Angkor: Early historic communities in Northeast Thailand".
1132:
148:
650:
370:
298:
983:
916:
860:
725:
662:
389:
1145:
1070:
933:
924:
868:
828:
Indrawood, P (1991). "Muang Fa Daed Song Yang: New Archaeological Evidence".
793:
733:
709:
576:
Tjoa-Bonatz, Mai Lin; Reinecke, Andreas; Bonatz, Dominik, eds. (2012-01-01).
541:
261:
161:
36:
23:
605:
587:
399:
366:
775:
577:
523:
192:
784:
532:
187:
289:
in Northeast Thailand along the Pao River. The site is located in the
975:
315:
site was thought to have been founded by Chao Fa Ra-ngum in 621 AD.
311:
306:
759:
1002:
417:
413:
362:
91:
1114:
358:
651:"10. Sīhaḷa Saṅgha and Laṅkā in Later Premodern Southeast Asia"
425:
378:
655:
Buddhist Dynamics in Premodern and Early Modern Southeast Asia
374:
354:
421:
575:
901:"The practice of jar burial in the Mun and Chi valleys"
905:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
657:, ISEAS Publishing, pp. 307–332, 2015-12-31,
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
1143:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
830:Récentes recherches en archéologie en Thaïlande
714:International Journal of Historical Archaeology
420:, the common language of Cambodia, rather than
963:
883:
459:
949:
808:
757:
753:
751:
556:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
956:
942:
898:
748:
482:
64:
827:
783:
684:
531:
406:
369:and the most famous scene is an image of
758:Talbot, Sarah; Chutima, Janthed (2001).
619:
617:
615:
388:
343:
322:
436:
393:Sema stone recovered from Muang Fa Daed
1144:
842:
505:
348:Brick stupa monument at Muang Fa Daed
937:
707:
612:
384:
357:bases (about 14), mounds, moats, and
111:1.67 square kilometres (167 ha)
431:
13:
899:Indrawooth, Phasook (1997-01-25).
849:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
623:
14:
1163:
1152:Archaeological sites in Thailand
1126:
424:, and they state connections to
428:, a pre-Angkorian Khmer state.
339:
16:Archaeological site in Thailand
836:
1:
476:
318:
305:basin to the north, and the
7:
843:Murphy, Stephen A. (2016).
626:Journal of the Siam Society
506:Murphy, Stephen A. (2013).
460:Site and excavation history
10:
1168:
964:Dvaravati Historical Sites
450:
1123:
1107:
1079:
995:
969:
917:10.7152/bippa.v16i0.11655
861:10.1017/S0022463416000242
663:10.1355/9789814519076-012
254:
249:
241:
230:
222:
214:
206:
201:
180:
154:
144:
136:
128:
120:
115:
107:
97:
79:
75:
63:
56:
708:Welch, David J. (1998).
285:is a significant moated
283:Maeung Fa Daet Song Yang
57:
52:Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang
726:10.1023/a:1027320309113
588:10.2307/j.ctv1nthm4.12
407:Contact and influences
394:
349:
328:
37:16.31528°N 103.51639°E
1080:Northeastern Thailand
776:10.1353/asi.2001.0027
524:10.1353/asi.2013.0017
392:
347:
326:
207:Excavation dates
140:After 17th century AD
471:Silpakorn University
437:Phases of occupation
255:Architectural styles
235:Fine Arts Department
181:Associated with
1133:Thailand portal
1008:Chula Prathon Chedi
984:Haripuñjaya Kingdom
287:archaeological site
218:Partial restoration
53:
42:16.31528; 103.51639
33: /
1037:Phra Pathommachedi
1032:Phra Prathon Chedi
987:(7th–13th century)
979:(7th–11th century)
764:Asian Perspectives
512:Asian Perspectives
444:radiocarbon dating
395:
385:Cultural practices
373:side by side with
350:
329:
291:Kamalasai district
242:Public access
84:Kamalasai district
51:
1139:
1138:
1087:Fa Daet Song Yang
976:Dvaravati Kingdom
597:978-9971-69-677-1
327:Prataduyaku Stupa
280:
279:
1159:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1108:Western Thailand
1100:
1062:
1050:
1028:
1016:
996:Central Thailand
958:
951:
944:
935:
934:
929:
928:
896:
881:
880:
840:
834:
833:
825:
806:
805:
787:
755:
746:
745:
705:
682:
681:
680:
679:
647:
634:
633:
621:
610:
609:
573:
554:
553:
535:
503:
467:Ayutthaya period
432:Mortuary rituals
295:Kalasin province
193:Thai Isan people
102:Human settlement
68:
58:เมืองฟ้าแดดสงยาง
54:
50:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1103:
1094:
1075:
1056:
1044:
1022:
1010:
991:
990:
965:
962:
932:
897:
884:
841:
837:
826:
809:
756:
749:
706:
685:
677:
675:
673:
649:
648:
637:
622:
613:
598:
574:
557:
504:
483:
479:
462:
453:
439:
434:
409:
387:
342:
321:
276:
197:
176:
149:Ancient history
124:Chao Fa Ra-ngum
71:
59:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1017:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
980:
971:
970:
967:
966:
961:
960:
953:
946:
938:
931:
930:
882:
855:(3): 366–392.
835:
807:
770:(2): 179–194.
747:
720:(3): 205–233.
683:
671:
635:
611:
596:
555:
518:(2): 300–326.
480:
478:
475:
461:
458:
452:
449:
438:
435:
433:
430:
408:
405:
386:
383:
341:
338:
320:
317:
299:Khorat Plateau
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
258:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
237:, no entry fee
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
199:
198:
196:
195:
190:
184:
182:
178:
177:
175:
174:
169:
164:
158:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
81:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1164:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1134:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
986:
985:
981:
978:
977:
973:
972:
968:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
939:
936:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
839:
831:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:
752:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
674:
672:9789814519076
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
646:
644:
642:
640:
631:
627:
620:
618:
616:
607:
603:
599:
593:
589:
585:
582:. NUS Press.
581:
580:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
481:
474:
472:
468:
457:
448:
445:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
404:
401:
391:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Jatakas tales
364:
360:
356:
346:
337:
335:
325:
316:
313:
308:
304:
303:Sakhon Nakhon
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
257:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
183:
179:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
67:
62:
55:
49:
46:
1086:
982:
974:
908:
904:
852:
848:
838:
829:
767:
763:
717:
713:
676:, retrieved
654:
629:
625:
578:
515:
511:
463:
454:
440:
410:
400:Khmer Empire
396:
351:
340:Architecture
330:
282:
281:
272:Rattanakosin
250:Architecture
172:Rattanakosin
18:
1095: [
1057: [
1045: [
1023: [
1020:Dong Lakhon
1011: [
911:: 149–152.
785:10125/17152
606:j.ctv1nthm4
533:10125/38732
363:sema stones
40: /
28:103°30′59″E
1054:Si Mahosot
678:2022-03-12
477:References
312:Davaravati
231:Management
202:Site notes
188:Mon people
25:16°18′55″N
925:1835-1794
877:163844418
869:0022-4634
832:: 98–111.
802:162303320
794:1535-8283
742:141979595
734:1092-7697
542:1535-8283
319:Landscape
307:Chi River
301:with the
267:Ayutthaya
262:Dvaravati
223:Ownership
215:Condition
167:Ayutthaya
162:Dvaravati
137:Abandoned
132:c. 621 AD
1146:Category
1042:Phra Rot
1003:Chan Sen
632:: 75–83.
550:53315185
418:Sanskrit
414:Cambodia
334:Buddhism
155:Cultures
92:Thailand
80:Location
1115:Khu Bua
1066:Si Thep
451:Burials
359:viharas
297:on the
145:Periods
129:Founded
121:Builder
116:History
88:Kalasin
1071:Uthong
923:
875:
867:
800:
792:
740:
732:
669:
604:
594:
548:
540:
426:Chenla
379:Brahma
371:Buddha
226:Public
1099:]
1061:]
1049:]
1027:]
1015:]
873:S2CID
798:S2CID
738:S2CID
602:JSTOR
546:S2CID
375:Indra
355:stupa
1092:Sema
921:ISSN
865:ISSN
790:ISSN
730:ISSN
667:ISBN
592:ISBN
538:ISSN
422:Pali
377:and
210:1968
108:Area
98:Type
913:doi
857:doi
780:hdl
772:doi
722:doi
659:doi
584:doi
528:hdl
520:doi
245:Yes
1148::
1097:th
1059:th
1047:th
1025:th
1013:th
919:.
909:16
907:.
903:.
885:^
871:.
863:.
853:47
851:.
847:.
810:^
796:.
788:.
778:.
768:40
766:.
762:.
750:^
736:.
728:.
716:.
712:.
686:^
665:,
653:,
638:^
630:91
628:.
614:^
600:.
590:.
558:^
544:.
536:.
526:.
516:52
514:.
510:.
484:^
293:,
90:,
86:,
957:e
950:t
943:v
927:.
915::
879:.
859::
804:.
782::
774::
744:.
724::
718:2
661::
608:.
586::
552:.
530::
522::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.