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1435:. Occasionally, however, a female will lay her eggs in the nest of another pair, leading to three or four eggs in the nest. The eggs are white, 6.6 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz), 2.57–2.96 cm (1.01–1.17 in) long, 2.06–2.30 cm (0.81–0.91 in) wide, 6–7 g (0.21–0.25 oz) at laying (5–6% of female body mass). Both sexes incubate, the male from morning to afternoon, and the female the rest of the day and at night. Mourning doves are devoted parents; nests are very rarely left unattended by the adults.
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Underworld alongside her. Sky Woman, the deity who guards this door, refused them entry, eventually creating smoke to blind them and take Ayu'ra's spirit away without their knowledge. The smoke stained their feathers gray and they have been in mourning for the maiden's loss ever since. The logic behind the story is a play on words—the sound many Native
Americans attributed to the bird was "howe howe," and this is also the sound the Iroquoian peoples used to chant over the dead at funerary events.
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1178:. Once the environmental conditions were changed, the most striking morphological difference was a twisting of colored barbules that exposed more of their surface area for reflection, which explains the observed increase in brightness. Overall, the researchers suggest that some plumage colors may be more changeable than previously thought possible.
458:. It is one of the most abundant and widespread North American birds and a popular gamebird, with more than 20 million birds (up to 70 million in some years) shot annually in the U.S., both for sport and meat. Its ability to sustain its population under such pressure is due to its prolific breeding; in warm areas, one pair may raise up to six
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adult male is a distinctly bluish-grey color. Females are similar in appearance but with more brown coloring overall and a little smaller than the male. The iridescent feather patches on the neck above the shoulders are nearly absent but can be quite vivid on males. Juvenile birds have a scaly appearance and are generally darker.
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legend tells of a maiden named Ayu'ra (modernly spelled Iohara) who used to care for the bird, who came to love her a great deal. One day, she became sick and died. As her spirit traveled across the land to the entrance to the
Underworld, all the doves followed her and tried to gain entrance into the
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has longer wings and toes, a shorter beak, and is darker in color. The western subspecies has longer wings, a longer beak and shorter toes, and is more muted and lighter in color. The Panama mourning dove has shorter wings and legs, a longer beak, and is grayer in color. The
Clarion Island subspecies
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are white, contrasting with the black inners. Below the eye is a distinctive crescent-shaped area of dark feathers. The eyes are dark, with light blue skin surrounding them. The adult male has bright purple-pink patches on the neck sides, with light pink coloring reaching the breast. The crown of the
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The male then leads the female to potential nest sites, and the female will choose one. The female dove builds the nest. The male will fly about, gather material, and bring it to her. The male will stand on the female's back and give the material to the female, who then builds it into the nest. The
1157:
Feather colors are generally believed to be relatively static, changing only by small amounts over periods of months. However, a 2011 study argued that since feathers have neither nerves or blood vessels, color changes must be caused by external stimuli. Researchers analyzed how feathers of
1358:. During sleep, the head rests between the shoulders, close to the body; it is not tucked under the shoulder feathers as in many other species. During the winter in Canada, roosting flights to the roosts in the evening, and out of the roosts in the morning, are delayed on colder days.
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over land. Birds in Canada migrate the farthest, probably wintering in Mexico or further south. Those that spend the summer further south are more sedentary, with much shorter migrations. At the southern part of their range, Mourning Doves are present year-round.
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The mourning dove is a medium-sized, slender dove approximately 31 cm (12 in) in length. Mourning doves weigh 112–170 g (4.0–6.0 oz), usually closer to 128 g (4.5 oz). The mourning dove has a wingspan of 37–45 cm. The
1325:
Spring migration north runs from March to May. Fall migration south runs from
September to November, with immatures moving first, followed by adult females and then by adult males. Migration is usually during the day, in flocks, and at low altitudes.
884:. In addition, the Socorro dove has at times been considered conspecific with the mourning dove, though several differences in behavior, call, and appearance justify separation as two different species. While the three species do form a subgroup of
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begins with a noisy flight by the male, followed by a graceful, circular glide with outstretched wings and head down. After landing, the male will approach the female with a puffed-out breast, bobbing head, and loud calls. Mated pairs will often
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Mourning doves are prolific breeders. In warmer areas, these birds may raise up to six broods in a season. This fast breeding is essential because mortality is high. Each year, mortality can reach 58% a year for adults and 69% for the young.
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Mourning doves sunbathe or rain bathe by lying on the ground or a flat tree limb, leaning over, stretching one wing, and keeping this posture for up to twenty minutes. These birds can also water bathe in shallow pools or birdbaths.
1736:
The number of individual mourning doves was estimated to be approximately 475 million in 1994, and to have shown a small increase since. The large population and its vast range explain why the mourning dove is considered to be of
1576:. The species usually forages on the ground, walking but not hopping. At bird feeders, mourning doves are attracted to one of the largest ranges of seed types of any North American bird, with a preference for rapeseed, corn,
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All five subspecies of the mourning dove look similar and are not easily distinguishable. The nominate subspecies possesses shorter wings and are darker and more buff-colored than the "average" mourning dove.
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1215:) by either a male or female when threatened. In flight, the wings make a fluttery whistling sound that is hard to hear. The wing whistle is much louder and more noticeable upon take-off and landing.
1522:
takes place in about 11–15 days, before the squabs are fully grown but after they are capable of digesting adult food. They stay nearby to be fed by their father for up to two weeks after fledging.
1588:. Mourning doves do not dig or scratch for seeds, though they will push aside ground litter; instead, they eat what is readily visible. They will sometimes perch on plants and eat from there.
1091:
1860:, one of the first published Native American women authors. Mourning dove imagery also turns up in contemporary American and Canadian poetry in the work of poets as diverse as
779:
but included a description mainly based on
Catesby. He cited Edwards's description of the mourning dove and Catesby's description of the passenger pigeon. Linnaeus updated his
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2575:
Wilson's
American Ornithology: with Notes by Jardine; to which is Added a Synopsis of American Birds, Including those Described by Bonaparte, Audubon, Nuttall, and Richardson
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is particularly severe. While a mourning dove will sometimes host it without symptoms, it will often cause yellowish growth in the mouth and esophagus that will eventually
822:
for the passenger pigeon, since this was the intended use by the authors on whose work
Linnaeus had based his description. This was accepted by the ICZN, which used its
757:. Edwards's pictures of the male and female doves were drawn from live birds that had been shipped to England from the West Indies. In 1758, when the Swedish naturalist
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mourning dove nests. Mourning doves reject slightly under a third of cowbird eggs in such nests, and the mourning dove's vegetarian diet is unsuitable for cowbirds.
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The Birds of North
America, No. 117 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists' Union.
3249:
1405:, and is of flimsy construction. Mourning doves will sometimes requisition the unused nests of other mourning doves, other birds, or arboreal mammals such as
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The mourning dove occupies a wide variety of open and semi-open habitats, such as urban areas, farms, prairie, grassland, and lightly wooded areas. It avoids
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as they eat spent shot leftover in hunting fields. In some cases, the fields are specifically planted with a favored seed plant to lure them to those sites.
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words for "large" and "tail"). Mourning doves have perching feet, with three toes forward and one reversed. The legs are short and reddish colored. The
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4132:
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Ecology and management of the
Mourning Dove (T.S. Baskett, M.W. Sayre, R.E. Tomlinson, and R.E. Mirarchi, eds.) Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books,
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Doucette, D.R. & Reebs, S.G. (1994). "Influence of temperature and other factors on the daily roosting times of
Mourning Doves in winter".
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Mourning doves are light gray and brown and generally muted in color. Males and females are similar in appearance. The species is generally
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1062:
The mourning dove was thought to be the passenger pigeon's closest living relative on morphological grounds until genetic analysis showed
1255:. Much of the Canadian prairie sees these birds in summer only, and southern Central America sees them in winter only. The species is a
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2138:
Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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Mourning doves show a preference for the seeds of certain species of plant over others. Foods taken in preference to others include
481:(young) per brood. Both parents incubate and care for the young. Mourning doves eat almost exclusively seeds, but the young are fed
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at first. (Close up, a grating or throat-rattling sound may be heard preceding the first coo.) Other sounds include a nested call (
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iridescent mourning doves responded to stimulus changes of adding and evaporating water. As a result, it was discovered that
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1055:) of Africa. It was also formerly known as the "Carolina turtledove" and the "Carolina pigeon". The "mourning" part of its
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1036:. The western subspecies are found in western North America, including parts of Mexico. The Panamanian subspecies is in
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2707:"Structural color change following hydration and dehydration of iridescent mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) feathers"
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874:). Some authorities consider them a superspecies, and the three birds are sometimes classified in the separate genus
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Linnaeus, 1766, shall be the oldest available name for the Passenger Pigeon (Direction supplementary to Opinion 67)"
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of two young each in a single year. The wings make an unusual whistling sound upon take-off and landing, a form of
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2214:. Vol. 1, Section C Part C.9. London: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. pp. 113–132.
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319:
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References to mourning doves appear frequently in Native American literature. Mourning Dove was the pen name of
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in northern Canada, Alaska, and South America. It has been spotted as an accidental at least seven times in the
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The mourning dove is sometimes called the "American mourning dove" to distinguish it from the distantly related
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2075:. Vol. Part I & II. London: Printed for the author, at the College of Physicians. p. 15 Plate 15.
1972:
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is generally light gray-brown and lighter and pinkish below. The wings have black spotting, and the outer tail
17:
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1428:, or hanging flower pots. When there is no suitable elevated object, mourning doves will nest on the ground.
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Linnaeus, 1766, shall be the oldest available name for the Passenger Pigeon, the type species of the genus
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2141:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. pp. 285, 286.
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2625:
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1518:(dove's milk) for the first 3–4 days of life. Thereafter, the crop milk is gradually augmented by seeds.
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with records from the British Isles (5), the Azores (1) and Iceland (1). In 1963, the mourning dove was
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1942:
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1623:. When their favorite foods are absent, mourning doves will eat the seeds of other plants, including
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pigeons are more closely related. The mourning dove was even suggested to belong to the same genus,
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feather color changed hue, became more chromatic, and increased overall reflectance by almost 50%.
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of nearly 11,000,000 km (4,200,000 sq mi). The species is resident throughout the
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737:. For the passenger pigeon he used the common name "Pigeon of passage" and the scientific Latin
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Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
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Linnaeus, 1758, to secure that that name shall apply to the Mourning Dove and that the name
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are broad, and the head is rounded. Its tail is long and tapered ("macroura" comes from the
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3291:. National Resources Conservation Services (NRCS). February 2006. p. 2. Archived from
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2200:"Direction 18: Designation under the Plenary Powers of a lectotype for the nominal species
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1207:) by paired males to attract their female mates to the nest sites, a greeting call (a soft
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included the mourning dove with the English name "long-tail'd dove" and the Latin name
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1968:
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1279:, off the western coast of Mexico, in 1988, sixteen years after the Socorro dove was
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2991:"Rejection of Cowbird eggs by Mourning Doves: A manifestation of nest usurpation?"
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1199:, uttered by males to attract females, and it may be mistaken for the call of an
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and then fly away to digest while resting. They often swallow grit such as fine
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Mourning Bird new family, nesting in backyard birdhouse, June 2020, Sunnyvale CA
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2095:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 164.
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1028:. The eastern subspecies is found mainly in eastern North America, as well as
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2055:. Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. pp. 23, 24, Plates 23, 24.
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song "Careless Love" and "I Love You, I Love You (I Will Never Let You Go)".
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A Geographical and Comparative List of the Birds of Europe and North America
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track, "Wood Dove", for the "For the Birds: The Birdsong Project", Vol. 2.
1648:
1608:
1511:
1361:
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878:, but the current classification has them as separate species in the genus
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2525:. Vol. 611. Philadelphia: The Birds of North America, Inc. p. 4.
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around the edge of feather barbules, under which lies a layer of air and
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The ranges of most of the subspecies overlap a little, with three in the
970:
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59:
2610:. the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri (1990) mdc.mo.gov
2316:
South American Classification Committee American Ornithologists' Union.
1342:
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3631:
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2542:. The Biology and Natural History of the Mourning Dove. Ames, IA: Ames
1890:
The mourning dove is also mentioned in other musical tracks, including
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The mourning dove is generally monogamous and forms strong pair bonds.
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2009:"Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)"
2007:
Banks, R.C.; Weckstein, J.D.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Johnson, K.P. (2013).
1843:
The mourning dove appears as the Carolina turtle-dove on plate 286 of
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Outside the breeding season, mourning doves roost communally in dense
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To resolve the confusion over the binomial names of the two species,
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215:
109:
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Mourning doves weigh 4–6 ounces, usually close to the lesser weight.
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Mourning doves can be afflicted with several different diseases and
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possesses larger feet, a larger beak, and is darker brown in color.
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1552:, which make up more than 99% of their diet. Rarely, they will eat
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1223:
463:
235:
99:
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79:
74:
64:
3132:. Rand McNally. p. 106 "How the Dove got its Color and Song".
1985:
1211:) by males upon rejoining their mates, and an alarm call (a short
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3707:
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1416:, both deciduous and coniferous. Sometimes, they can be found in
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takes two weeks. The hatched young, called squabs, are strongly
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2052:
The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
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The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
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1911:
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2154:"Proposed use of the plenary powers to secure that the name
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2006:
1908:
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to designate the species for the respective names in 1955.
245:
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1741:, meaning that the species is not at immediate risk. As a
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2757:
2755:
2111:"The names of the passenger pigeon and the mourning dove"
1628:
1200:
741:; for the mourning dove he used "Turtle of Carolina" and
3104:
1965:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
1166:
and thin-film models revealed that color is produced by
3041:
Mirarchi, R.E., and Baskett, T.S. 1994. Mourning Dove (
2651:"Tourterelle triste – Zenaida macroura – Mourning Dove"
771:, he conflated the two species. He used the Latin name
2752:
2622:"The biology and Natural History of the Mourning Dove"
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
1917:
470:, capable of speeds up to 88 km/h (55 mph).
3784:
2322:
A classification of the bird species of South America
1020:. The West Indian subspecies is found throughout the
37:
For the Native American author of the same name, see
2589:
The Biology and natural history of the Mourning Dove
2247:
1560:. Mourning doves generally eat enough to fill their
1271:, and in 1998 there was still a small population in
2578:. Boston: Otis, Broaders, and Company. p. 717.
2447:
2443:
2441:
2396:
National Geographic Complete Birds of North America
2370:
2115:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
812:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2982:
2761:
1647:The primary predators of this species are diurnal
888:, using a separate genus would interfere with the
3319:Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the mourning dove
2393:
1943:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690736A95215602.en
1040:. The Clarion Island subspecies is found only on
733:and the mourning dove on successive pages of his
4308:
2438:
713:showing the positions of the doves in the genus
3289:Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management leaflet 31
2939:"Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)", NRCS, p. 4
2788:"Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)", NRCS, p. 2.
2517:Blockstein, David E. (2002). "Passenger Pigeon
2344:
2342:
2288:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 236, 414.
1301:Adult and squabs in the cactus-protected nest,
1195:This species' call is a distinctive, plaintive
1080:) was hunted to extinction in the early 1900s.
3329:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
3032:"Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)", NRCS, p. 6
2955:"Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)", NRCS, p. 1
2435:"Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)", NRCS, p. 3
1510:, being helpless at hatching and covered with
1142:is short and dark, usually a brown-black hue.
835:, introduced in 1838 by the French naturalist
3366:
2812:
1983:
829:The mourning dove is now placed in the genus
27:North American bird in the family Columbidae
3163:
3143:Wisconsin Historical Society (23 May 2012).
3058:Sadler, K.C. (1993) "Mourning Dove harvest.
2837:
2767:"Mourning Dove – BirdLife Species Factsheet"
2677:Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms
2673:
2598:. Ringneckdove.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-23.
2481:
2339:
2285:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
858:The mourning dove is closely related to the
2318:"Part 3. Columbiformes to Caprimulgiformes"
1218:
3381:Game animals and shooting in North America
3373:
3359:
3166:"Dove hunting finds place on Mich. ballot"
2989:Peer, Brian & Bollinger, Eric (1998).
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2516:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
1642:
340:
177:
150:
132:
3157:
3136:
2535:
2224:
2179:
1941:
1346:Pair of doves in late winter in Minnesota
3127:
2131:
2085:
1727:
1536:
1373:
1360:
1341:
1329:
1296:
1222:
1116:
1105:
1087:
4112:american-mourning-dove-zenaida-macroura
3026:
2942:
2930:
2892:
2791:
2779:
2704:
2648:
2521:". In Poole, Alan; Gill, Frank (eds.).
2412:
2281:
2194:
2151:
2104:
2102:
2065:
2045:
14:
4309:
3208:, Cleveland State Univ Poetry Center,
2619:
2568:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2243:
2241:
2234:. London: John Van Voorst. p. 41.
1879:The mourning dove is mentioned on the
1723:
1548:Mourning doves eat almost exclusively
3835:
3834:
3354:
2966:"Mourning Dove | Audubon Field Guide"
2536:Wilmer J., Miller (16 January 1969).
2263:. International Ornithologists' Union
2108:
1967:, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, p. 730,
1431:The clutch size is almost always two
1275:. The mourning dove also appeared on
4372:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
4066:3f4adc5d-cb76-4525-8157-ed7e07925497
2845:"Check-list of North American Birds"
2398:. National Geographic. p. 303.
2350:"Check-list of North American Birds"
2328:from the original on January 9, 2010
2099:
1756:
1072:, and was listed by some authors as
922:and west USA to south central Mexico
4317:IUCN Red List least concern species
3258:Negative Blue: Selected Later Poems
2302:
2238:
2167:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
2072:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1986:"Flight-speed of the Mourning Dove"
1929:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1424:, or on artificial constructs like
755:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
24:
3462:
1787:by removing the content or adding
1251:, and the Atlantic archipelago of
25:
4383:
3310:
3105:"United States Geological Survey"
3081:"Cornell NestWatch Mourning Dove"
3818:
3806:
3794:
3247:Meditation on Song and Structure
3128:Connelly, William Elsey (1928).
2705:Shawkey, Mathew D (April 2011).
2620:Miller, Wilmer J. (1969-01-16).
2261:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
1761:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1164:Transmission electron microscopy
953:, 1758) – (nominate subspecies)
814:(ICZN) secure the specific name
725:In 1731, the English naturalist
434:. The bird is also known as the
202:
57:
4352:Birds of the Dominican Republic
3240:
3218:
3184:
3121:
3097:
3073:
3052:
3035:
2958:
2865:
2698:
2667:
2642:
2613:
2601:
2582:
2562:
2539:Should Doves be Hunted in Iowa?
2529:
2510:
2394:Jonathan Alderfer, ed. (2006).
2275:
2218:
2188:
2145:
1918:BirdLife International (2016).
1514:. Both parents feed the squabs
1190:
450:, and it was once known as the
3270:
2852:American Ornithologists' Union
2357:American Ornithologists' Union
2125:
2079:
2059:
2039:
2000:
1977:
1957:
1702:. The mouth-dwelling parasite
1397:nest is constructed of twigs,
1378:Mourning dove egg, Collection
1231:The mourning dove has a large
1083:
1044:, off Mexico's Pacific coast.
1024:. It has recently invaded the
729:described and illustrated the
13:
1:
3228:. Friends of Lorine Niedecker
2816:Lives of North American Birds
2608:The Mourning Dove in Missouri
1901:
1752:
1227:In Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
1059:comes from its doleful call.
980:Zenaida macroura clarionensis
926:Zenaida macroura carolinensis
803:for Edwards's mourning dove.
775:introduced by Edwards as the
349:Approximate distribution map
3347:at VIREO (Drexel University)
2819:. Houghton Mifflin. p.
1308:
162:Mourning Dove vocalizations
7:
4367:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3345:Mourning dove photo gallery
3164:Audi, Tamara (2006-10-16).
2874:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2495:. Microsoft. Archived from
1894:' rendition of the popular
1836:of peace. The bird is also
1824:The eastern mourning dove (
1369:
998:Zenaida macroura turturilla
912:Zenaida macroura marginella
488:
10:
4388:
4337:Birds of the United States
3339:Mourning Dove: Breed Guide
2731:10.1016/j.zool.2010.11.001
2523:The Birds of North America
2282:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2025:10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.11
1532:
847:is from the Ancient Greek
818:for the mourning dove and
810:proposed in 1952 that the
799:for the mourning dove and
795:for the passenger pigeon,
745:. In 1743, the naturalist
426:) is a member of the dove
36:
29:
3843:
3721:
3650:
3547:
3474:
3460:
3386:
3145:"Wisconsin State Symbols"
2226:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
1783:Please help Knowledge to
1732:Audubon's Carolina pigeon
1671:will prey on their eggs.
1541:Parent and two chicks in
1245:Continental United States
947:Zenaida macroura macroura
839:, commemorating his wife
650:
630:
623:
603:
596:
576:
569:
540:
520:
513:
506:
384:
377:
348:
339:
332:
327:
304:
297:
199:Scientific classification
197:
175:
166:
161:
149:
140:
131:
48:
2684:: National Press Books.
1936:: e.T22690736A95215602.
1840:'s state bird of peace.
1599:seeds, and the seeds of
1303:High Desert (California)
1219:Distribution and habitat
1076:. The passenger pigeon (
837:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
30:Not to be confused with
4362:Birds described in 1758
1643:Predators and parasites
1393:each other's feathers.
1170:from a single layer of
466:. The bird is a strong
404:Ectopistes carolinensis
4347:Birds of the Caribbean
4332:Birds of North America
3587:Cougar (mountain lion)
3468:
2813:Kaufman, Kenn (1996).
2763:Birdlife International
2519:Ectopistes migratorius
2181:10.5962/bhl.part.10238
1984:Bastin, E. W. (1952).
1733:
1545:
1382:
1366:
1347:
1305:
1228:
1197:cooOOoo-wooo-woo-woooo
1168:thin-film interference
1126:
1114:
1103:
1078:Ectopistes migratorius
1053:Streptopelia decipiens
1049:mourning collared dove
783:again in 1766 for the
446:, colloquially as the
436:American mourning dove
39:Mourning Dove (author)
32:Mourning collared dove
4276:Paleobiology Database
4263:Paleobiology Database
3466:
3109:www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov
2674:Borror, D.J. (1960).
1731:
1540:
1377:
1364:
1345:
1330:Behaviour and ecology
1300:
1226:
1120:
1109:
1098:
407:(Linnaeus, 1766)
4061:Fauna Europaea (new)
3439:Snipe (common snipe)
3419:Ring-necked pheasant
3333:Mourning dove Movies
2550:on 20 September 2012
2152:Hemming, F. (1952).
1963:Torres, J.K. (1982)
1858:Christine Quintasket
1785:improve this section
1716:is a common, insect-
1705:Trichomonas gallinae
1313:Most mourning doves
739:Palumbus migratorius
396:Columba carolinensis
3434:Sharp-tailed grouse
3404:Hungarian partridge
2854:. 1998. p. 224
2723:2011Zool..114...59S
2570:Brewer, Thomas Mayo
2461:. Abbeville Press.
2449:Audubon, John James
2359:. 1998. p. 225
1797:independent sources
1724:Conservation status
1712:the host to death.
1462:Nesting in progress
1439:Hatching and growth
1339:is common as well.
1099:Mourning dove on a
855:meaning "-tailed".
851:meaning "long" and
797:Columba cariolensis
791:and instead coined
743:Turtur carolinensis
456:Carolina turtledove
399:Linnaeus, 1766
391:Linnaeus, 1758
169:Conservation status
55:Pleistocene–present
3658:American alligator
3469:
3280:(Zenaida macroura)
3252:2008-07-25 at the
3200:2003-08-22 at the
2919:Lab of Ornithology
2594:2012-09-20 at the
2251:; Donsker, David;
2206:Columba migratoria
2156:Columba migratoria
2109:Bangs, O. (1906).
1826:Z. m. carolinensis
1734:
1659:. During nesting,
1546:
1412:Most nests are in
1383:
1367:
1348:
1306:
1283:from that island.
1261:Western Palearctic
1229:
1184:Z. m. carolinensis
1127:
1115:
1104:
963:Dominican Republic
864:Zenaida auriculata
793:Columba migratoria
543:West Peruvian dove
485:by their parents.
4304:
4303:
3837:Taxon identifiers
3782:
3781:
3754:Waterfowl hunting
3602:White-tailed deer
3467:Waterfowl hunters
2453:"Plate CCLXXXVVI"
2295:978-1-4081-2501-4
2253:Rasmussen, Pamela
1814:
1813:
1125:, Ontario, Canada
1121:Mourning dove in
1110:Mourning dove in
1096:
801:Columba marginata
723:
722:
704:
703:
695:
694:
686:
685:
677:
676:
668:
667:
558:
557:
523:White-winged dove
414:
413:
366: Nonbreeding
192:
155:
16:(Redirected from
4379:
4297:
4296:
4294:Zenaida-macroura
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4206:
4205:
4193:
4192:
4190:NHMSYS0000530715
4180:
4179:
4167:
4166:
4154:
4153:
4141:
4140:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4114:
4102:
4101:
4092:
4091:
4079:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4029:
4017:
4016:
4004:
4003:
3991:
3990:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3928:
3926:00124D987C95811B
3916:
3915:
3913:zenaida-macroura
3903:
3902:
3900:Zenaida_macroura
3890:
3889:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3875:Zenaida macroura
3864:
3863:
3862:
3845:Zenaida macroura
3832:
3831:
3823:
3822:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3734:Big-game hunting
3519:Northern pintail
3375:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3326:Zenaida macroura
3324:Mourning dove –
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3286:
3264:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3222:
3216:
3195:"Mourning Doves"
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3077:
3071:
3056:
3050:
3043:Zenaida macroura
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3023:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2940:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2909:
2890:
2889:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2810:
2789:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2624:. Archived from
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2546:. Archived from
2533:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2458:Birds of America
2445:
2436:
2433:
2410:
2409:
2391:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2202:Columba macroura
2196:Hemming, Francis
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1981:
1975:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1922:Zenaida macroura
1915:
1870:Lorine Niedecker
1850:Birds of America
1809:
1806:
1800:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1667:, housecats, or
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1380:Museum Wiesbaden
1237:Greater Antilles
1132:elliptical wings
1097:
1022:Greater Antilles
872:Zenaida graysoni
845:specific epithet
789:Columba macroura
773:Columba macroura
751:Columba macroura
731:passenger pigeon
626:
625:
599:
598:
572:
571:
516:
515:
509:
508:
498:
497:
493:
492:
423:Zenaida macroura
408:
400:
392:
388:Columba macroura
372: Introduced
371:
365:
360: Year-round
359:
353:
344:
310:
308:Zenaida macroura
290:Z. macroura
207:
206:
186:
181:
180:
157:
156:
145:, New York, USA
136:
126:
56:
52:Temporal range:
46:
45:
21:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4342:Birds of Mexico
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4224:Observation.org
4222:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4175:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4136:
4131:
4123:
4118:
4110:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4020:
4012:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3986:
3981:
3973:
3968:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3919:
3911:
3906:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3839:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3717:
3646:
3577:Bison (buffalo)
3543:
3470:
3458:
3409:Prairie chicken
3382:
3379:
3341:Pigeonpedia.com
3313:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3284:
3278:"Mourning Dove
3276:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3254:Wayback Machine
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3202:Wayback Machine
3189:
3185:
3176:
3174:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3057:
3053:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3012:10.2307/4089523
2993:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2920:
2913:"Mourning Dove"
2911:
2910:
2893:
2886:10.1139/z94-171
2870:
2866:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2811:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2655:www.oiseaux.net
2647:
2643:
2631:
2629:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2596:Wayback Machine
2587:
2583:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2544:Audubon Society
2534:
2530:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2413:
2406:
2392:
2371:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2303:
2296:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:, eds. (2020).
2246:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2193:
2189:
2162:Swainson, 1827"
2150:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2067:Edwards, George
2064:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2005:
2001:
1990:Wilson Bulletin
1982:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1782:
1778:popular culture
1766:
1762:
1755:
1726:
1645:
1586:sunflower seeds
1572:to assist with
1535:
1499:
1496:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1399:conifer needles
1372:
1332:
1311:
1221:
1193:
1088:
1086:
1074:E. carolinensis
1038:Central America
903:There are five
808:Francis Hemming
785:twelfth edition
781:Systema Naturae
764:Systema Naturae
705:
696:
687:
678:
669:
559:
491:
452:Carolina pigeon
406:
398:
390:
373:
369:
367:
363:
361:
357:
355:
351:
323:
312:
306:
293:
201:
193:
182:
178:
171:
151:
127:
125:
124:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Birds of Haiti
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4194:
4181:
4168:
4155:
4142:
4129:
4116:
4103:
4093:
4080:
4070:
4057:
4048:Fauna Europaea
4044:
4031:
4018:
4005:
3992:
3979:
3966:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3880:
3865:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3774:Upland hunting
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
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3394:Bobwhite quail
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3355:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3335:(Tree of Life)
3330:
3321:
3312:
3311:External links
3309:
3308:
3307:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:Charles Wright
3239:
3217:
3206:After the Rain
3183:
3156:
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3120:
3096:
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3051:
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3025:
3006:(4): 1057–62.
2981:
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2880:(7): 1287–90.
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2237:
2217:
2198:, ed. (1955).
2187:
2144:
2133:Linnaeus, Carl
2124:
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2087:Linnaeus, Carl
2078:
2058:
2038:
2019:(2): 184–188.
1999:
1976:
1956:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1874:Charles Wright
1812:
1811:
1776:references to
1769:
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1754:
1751:
1747:lead poisoning
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1277:Socorro Island
1220:
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1082:
1042:Clarion Island
1010:
1009:
995:
988:Clarion Island
977:
944:
942:Bahama Islands
936:and east USA,
923:
824:plenary powers
747:George Edwards
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18:Mourning doves
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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4269:
4264:
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4256:
4255:mourning-dove
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
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4221:
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4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
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4099:mourning-dove
4094:
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4077:
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4067:
4062:
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3765:
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3752:
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3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Bison hunting
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3713:Snowshoe hare
3711:
3709:
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3704:
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3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:Gray squirrel
3686:
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3623:
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3612:Mountain goat
3610:
3608:
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3600:
3598:
3595:
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3583:
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3557:Bighorn sheep
3555:
3554:
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3546:
3540:
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3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
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3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Greater scaup
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
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3487:
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3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
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3447:
3445:
3444:Spruce grouse
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:Ruffed grouse
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:Mourning dove
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
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3376:
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3340:
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3334:
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3328:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3298:on 2006-09-23
3294:
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3275:
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3248:
3243:
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3191:Carter, Jared
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2649:Oiseaux.net.
2645:
2638:
2628:on 2012-09-20
2627:
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2524:
2520:
2513:
2499:on 2009-10-29
2498:
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2468:1-55859-128-1
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2062:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:Catesby, Mark
2042:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
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1822:
1819:
1818:Huron/Wyandot
1808:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:This section
1768:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:least concern
1730:
1721:
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1658:
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1649:birds of prey
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1598:
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1521:
1517:
1516:pigeon's milk
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1014:United States
1008:, west Panama
1007:
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927:
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917:
913:
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909:
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899:
896:by making it
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827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:. He dropped
786:
782:
778:
777:binomial name
774:
770:
769:tenth edition
766:
765:
760:
759:Carl Linnaeus
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
718:
717:
712:
709:
708:
700:
699:
691:
690:
682:
681:
673:
672:
664:
663:
660:
658:
654:
653:Mourning dove
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:
628:
627:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
611:
610:Z. auriculata
607:
601:
600:
594:
593:
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586:
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567:
566:
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517:
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510:
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469:
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457:
453:
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445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
419:
418:mourning dove
405:
402:
397:
394:
389:
386:
385:
383:
380:
376:
347:
343:
338:
335:
331:
326:
321:
317:
311:
309:
303:
300:
299:Binomial name
296:
292:
291:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:Columbiformes
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
196:
190:
185:
184:Least Concern
174:
170:
165:
160:
148:
144:
143:Prospect Park
139:
135:
130:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
49:Mourning dove
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3844:
3769:Wolf hunting
3744:Deer hunting
3729:Bear hunting
3678:Fox squirrel
3651:Other quarry
3529:Ross's goose
3509:Lesser scaup
3489:Canada goose
3413:
3325:
3314:
3300:. Retrieved
3293:the original
3288:
3279:
3257:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3220:
3205:
3186:
3175:. Retrieved
3169:
3159:
3148:. Retrieved
3138:
3130:Indian Myths
3129:
3123:
3112:. Retrieved
3108:
3099:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:
3075:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3028:
3003:
2997:
2984:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2921:. Retrieved
2877:
2873:
2867:
2856:. Retrieved
2839:
2815:
2770:. Retrieved
2742:. Retrieved
2717:(2): 59–68.
2714:
2710:
2700:
2676:
2669:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:
2644:
2636:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:the original
2615:
2603:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:the original
2538:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2492:
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2456:
2395:
2361:. Retrieved
2330:. Retrieved
2321:
2284:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2260:
2230:
2220:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2137:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1964:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1933:
1927:
1921:
1889:
1885:Warren Ellis
1878:
1866:Jared Carter
1855:
1848:
1842:
1832:'s official
1825:
1823:
1815:
1802:
1772:may contain
1771:
1735:
1703:
1686:, including
1681:
1646:
1609:canary grass
1590:
1547:
1528:
1524:
1502:
1430:
1411:
1403:grass blades
1395:
1384:
1349:
1333:
1324:
1312:
1285:
1230:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1191:Vocalization
1183:
1180:
1156:
1144:
1128:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1026:Florida Keys
1011:
997:
984:Townsend, CH
979:
946:
925:
911:
902:
898:paraphyletic
893:
885:
879:
875:
871:
868:Socorro dove
863:
857:
852:
848:
830:
828:
819:
815:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
780:
772:
762:
761:updated his
754:
750:
742:
738:
734:
727:Mark Catesby
724:
714:
656:
652:
651:
636:
633:Socorro dove
631:
609:
604:
582:
579:Zenaida dove
577:
546:
541:
526:
521:
501:
472:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
422:
421:
417:
415:
403:
395:
387:
333:
307:
305:
289:
288:
276:
43:
4211:Neotropical
4172:NatureServe
4120:iNaturalist
3869:Wikispecies
3749:Fox hunting
3271:Cited texts
3232:25 November
2249:Gill, Frank
1949:12 November
1892:Ray Charles
1450:Egg in nest
1337:Dustbathing
1247:, southern
1176:melanosomes
1084:Description
1065:Patagioenas
1057:common name
971:Puerto Rico
934:east Canada
920:west Canada
820:migratorius
657:Z. macroura
637:Z. graysoni
527:Z. asiatica
477:, with two
448:turtle dove
328:Subspecies
4327:Game birds
4311:Categories
4289:Xeno-canto
3637:Polar bear
3632:Dall sheep
3572:Brown bear
3562:Black bear
3534:Snow goose
3494:Canvasback
3484:Black duck
3387:Game birds
3302:2006-10-08
3214:0914946978
3177:2006-10-25
3150:2014-07-30
3114:2018-03-07
3090:2018-03-07
3068:0811719405
2975:2024-04-20
2923:2006-10-18
2858:2007-06-29
2772:2006-10-08
2660:2020-09-26
2632:2008-04-14
2503:2007-02-17
2474:2006-10-18
2363:2007-06-29
2332:2006-10-11
2160:Ectopistes
1973:0517032880
1902:References
1862:Robert Bly
1774:irrelevant
1753:In culture
1677:parasitize
1669:rat snakes
1651:, such as
1633:goosegrass
1504:Incubation
1486:A juvenile
1290:and thick
1281:extirpated
1273:North Kona
1265:introduced
1239:, most of
1160:iridescent
1112:California
1070:Ectopistes
1006:Costa Rica
1004:, 1956) –
990:(off west
986:, 1890) –
959:Hispaniola
932:, 1766) –
918:, 1852) –
905:subspecies
866:) and the
860:eared dove
606:Eared dove
475:monogamous
432:Columbidae
266:Columbidae
3622:Pronghorn
3617:Mule deer
3567:Razorback
3539:Wood duck
3476:Waterfowl
3424:Ptarmigan
3171:USA Today
3085:NestWatch
2682:Palo Alto
2257:"Pigeons"
2174:: 80–84.
1881:Nick Cave
1830:Wisconsin
1805:June 2024
1789:citations
1720:disease.
1714:Avian pox
1692:nematodes
1688:tapeworms
1684:parasites
1637:smartweed
1625:buckwheat
1601:pokeberry
1582:safflower
1574:digestion
1508:altricial
1426:buildings
1407:squirrels
1386:Courtship
1354:trees or
1352:deciduous
1309:Migration
916:Woodhouse
890:monophyly
876:Zenaidura
711:Cladogram
583:Z. aurita
547:Z. meloda
483:crop milk
444:chueybird
440:rain dove
334:See text
284:Species:
222:Kingdom:
216:Eukaryota
4177:2.104326
4164:22690736
4138:10195247
4001:45509402
3939:22690736
3934:BirdLife
3854:Wikidata
3722:See also
3683:Gray fox
3549:Big game
3454:Woodcock
3250:Archived
3226:"Poetry"
3198:Archived
2744:25 April
2739:21411302
2592:Archived
2572:(1840).
2554:23 April
2489:"Pigeon"
2451:(1990).
2326:Archived
2267:20 March
2228:(1838).
2135:(1766).
2121:: 43–44.
2089:(1758).
2069:(1743).
2049:(1731).
2033:26312335
1996:(1): 47.
1838:Michigan
1793:reliable
1743:gamebird
1718:vectored
1673:Cowbirds
1665:grackles
1605:amaranth
1597:sweetgum
1520:Fledging
1370:Breeding
1356:conifers
1151:feathers
1032:and the
951:Linnaeus
930:Linnaeus
816:macroura
767:for the
489:Taxonomy
464:sonation
379:Synonyms
316:Linnaeus
262:Family:
236:Chordata
232:Phylum:
226:Animalia
212:Domain:
189:IUCN 3.1
4322:Zenaida
4242:1485214
4089:2495347
3921:Avibase
3860:Q750027
3825:Biology
3813:Animals
3787:Portals
3764:Fishing
3759:Whaling
3708:Red fox
3703:Raccoon
3693:Opossum
3582:Caribou
3524:Redhead
3514:Mallard
3499:Gadwall
3193:(1993)
3020:4089523
2999:The Auk
2970:Audubon
2917:Cornell
2719:Bibcode
2711:Zoology
2013:Zootaxa
1845:Audubon
1675:rarely
1661:corvids
1653:falcons
1558:insects
1543:Arizona
1533:Feeding
1319:flyways
1315:migrate
1257:vagrant
1253:Bermuda
1205:cooOOoo
1172:keratin
1147:plumage
1101:seawall
1034:Bahamas
1030:Bermuda
1002:Wetmore
975:Jamaica
938:Bermuda
894:Zenaida
886:Zenaida
881:Zenaida
841:Zénaïde
832:Zenaida
753:in his
716:Zenaida
504:
502:Zenaida
277:Zenaida
272:Genus:
252:Order:
242:Class:
187: (
121:↓
4281:289527
4268:368077
4216:moudov
4151:177125
4096:GNAB:
4073:FEIS:
4035:EURING
4027:100981
4014:ZENDMA
3988:moudov
3962:moudov
3908:ARKive
3888:moudov
3698:Rabbit
3673:Coyote
3668:Bobcat
3663:Badger
3642:Whales
3627:Muskox
3449:Turkey
3399:Chukar
3212:
3066:
3018:
2827:
2737:
2688:
2465:
2402:
2292:
2031:
1971:
1872:, and
1834:symbol
1710:starve
1698:, and
1619:, and
1617:sesame
1595:nuts,
1584:, and
1578:millet
1566:gravel
1554:snails
1474:Squabs
1418:shrubs
1317:along
1292:forest
1288:swamps
1269:Hawaii
1249:Canada
1243:, the
1241:Mexico
1213:roo-oo
1123:Guelph
1018:Canada
992:Mexico
853:-ouros
849:makros
843:. The
479:squabs
460:broods
442:, the
438:, the
428:family
370:
364:
358:
352:
4229:72489
4203:47245
4133:IRMNG
4053:97017
4022:EUNIS
3983:eBird
3975:5D2BZ
3959:BOW:
3801:Birds
3597:Moose
3296:(PDF)
3285:(PDF)
3256:from
3204:, in
3016:JSTOR
2994:(PDF)
2848:(PDF)
2353:(PDF)
1896:blues
1828:) is
1696:mites
1657:hawks
1621:wheat
1562:crops
1550:seeds
1498:Adult
1422:vines
1414:trees
1401:, or
1391:preen
1233:range
1136:Greek
967:Haiti
468:flier
4250:ODNR
4237:OBIS
4198:NCBI
4159:IUCN
4146:ITIS
4125:3454
4084:GBIF
4076:zema
4040:6950
4009:EPPO
3952:9959
3947:BOLD
3607:Wolf
3234:2012
3210:ISBN
3064:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2746:2020
2735:PMID
2686:ISBN
2556:2013
2463:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2269:2020
2029:PMID
2017:3669
1969:ISBN
1951:2021
1934:2016
1883:and
1795:and
1700:lice
1655:and
1635:and
1613:corn
1593:pine
1570:sand
1512:down
1433:eggs
1145:The
1140:beak
965:and
955:Cuba
454:and
416:The
320:1758
246:Aves
60:PreꞒ
4185:NBN
4107:IBC
3996:EoL
3970:CoL
3895:ADW
3884:ABA
3592:Elk
3260:by
3045:).
3008:doi
3004:115
2882:doi
2821:293
2727:doi
2715:114
2176:doi
2021:doi
1938:doi
1847:'s
1791:to
1629:rye
1568:or
1556:or
1267:to
1209:ork
1201:owl
1016:or
969:),
892:of
141:In
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