Carl Linnaeus - Knowledge

70: 915: 9132: 2163: 2113:, 17 of whom he called "apostles". They were the most promising, most committed students, and all of them made botanical expeditions to various places in the world, often with his help. The amount of this help varied; sometimes he used his influence as Rector to grant his apostles a scholarship or a place on an expedition. To most of the apostles he gave instructions of what to look for on their journeys. Abroad, the apostles collected and organised new plants, animals and minerals according to Linnaeus's system. Most of them also gave some of their collection to Linnaeus when their journey was finished. Thanks to these students, the Linnaean system of taxonomy spread through the world without Linnaeus ever having to travel outside Sweden after his return from Holland. The British botanist 2099: 3815:, and have placed man in a separate Order, under the title of the Bimana, and therefore on an equality with the orders of the Quadrumana, Carnivora, etc. Recently many of our best naturalists have recurred to the view first propounded by Linnaeus, so remarkable for his sagacity, and have placed man in the same Order with the Quadrumana, under the title of the Primates. The justice of this conclusion will be admitted: for in the first place, we must bear in mind the comparative insignificance for classification of the great development of the brain in man, and that the strongly marked differences between the skulls of man and the Quadrumana (lately insisted upon by 2541: 873:, returned to the University in March 1731 with a degree in medicine. Rosén started giving anatomy lectures and tried to take over Linnaeus's botany lectures, but Rudbeck prevented that. Until December, Rosén gave Linnaeus private tutoring in medicine. In December, Linnaeus had a "disagreement" with Rudbeck's wife and had to move out of his mentor's house; his relationship with Rudbeck did not appear to suffer. That Christmas, Linnaeus returned home to Stenbrohult to visit his parents for the first time in about three years. His mother had disapproved of his failing to become a priest, but she was pleased to learn he was teaching at the University. 639: 826:. This attracted the attention of Rudbeck; in May 1730, he selected Linnaeus to give lectures at the University although the young man was only a second-year student. His lectures were popular, and Linnaeus often addressed an audience of 300 people. In June, Linnaeus moved from Celsius's house to Rudbeck's to become the tutor of the three youngest of his 24 children. His friendship with Celsius did not wane and they continued their botanical expeditions. Over that winter, Linnaeus began to doubt Tournefort's system of classification and decided to create one of his own. His plan was to divide the plants by the number of 10257: 892: 776: 1345: 2080: 3937: 2370:('Opinion of the learned world on the writings of Carl Linnaeus, Doctor') Published in 1740, this small octavo-sized pamphlet was presented to the State Library of New South Wales by the Linnean Society of NSW in 2018. This is considered among the rarest of all the writings of Linnaeus, and crucial to his career, securing him his appointment to a professorship of medicine at Uppsala University. From this position he laid the groundwork for his radical new theory of classifying and naming organisms for which he was considered the founder of modern taxonomy. 2015: 2644: 3625:– "For a nominal species or subspecies established before 2000, any evidence, published or unpublished, may be taken into account to determine what specimens constitute the type series." and Article 73.1.2 – "If the nominal species-group taxon is based on a single specimen, either so stated or implied in the original publication, that specimen is the holotype fixed by monotypy (see Recommendation 73F). If the taxon was established before 2000 evidence derived from outside the work itself may be taken into account to help identify the specimen." 1336: 722: 1122: 8776: 2583:(in 1749). The relation between the museum and the private collection was not formalised and the steady flow of material from Linnean pupils were incorporated to the private collection rather than to the museum. Linnaeus felt his work was reflecting the harmony of nature and he said in 1754 "the earth is then nothing else but a museum of the all-wise creator's masterpieces, divided into three chambers". He had turned his own estate into a microcosm of that 'world museum'. 1525: 2251: 2928: 1108: 1076: 1748: 11966: 9460: 372: 1756: 1568: 3079: 3099: 1826:. Linnaeus suggested that children might absorb the personality of their wet nurse through the milk. He admired the child care practices of the Lapps and pointed out how healthy their babies were compared to those of Europeans who employed wet nurses. He compared the behaviour of wild animals and pointed out how none of them denied their newborns their breastmilk. It is thought that his activism played a role in his choice of the term 9470: 1796: 1096: 704:, a curriculum designed for boys preparing for the priesthood. In the last year at the gymnasium, Linnaeus's father visited to ask the professors how his son's studies were progressing; to his dismay, most said that the boy would never become a scholar. Rothman believed otherwise, suggesting Linnaeus could have a future in medicine. The doctor offered to have Linnaeus live with his family in Växjö and to teach him 1768:

called the best of these students his "apostles". His lectures were normally very popular and were often held in the Botanical Garden. He tried to teach the students to think for themselves and not trust anybody, not even him. Even more popular than the lectures were the botanical excursions made every Saturday during summer, where Linnaeus and his students explored the flora and fauna in the vicinity of Uppsala.

545: 2054:, an eminent botanist, wished to purchase the collection, but his son Carl refused the offer and instead moved the collection to Uppsala. In 1783 Carl died and Sara inherited the collection, having outlived both her husband and son. She tried to sell it to Banks, but he was no longer interested; instead an acquaintance of his agreed to buy the collection. The acquaintance was a 24-year-old medical student, 1153: 2825: 3823:, and others) apparently follow from their differently developed brains. In the second place, we must remember that nearly all the other and more important differences between man and the Quadrumana are manifestly adaptive in their nature, and relate chiefly to the erect position of man; such as the structure of his hand, foot, and pelvis, the curvature of his spine, and the position of his head. 681:) in Växjö. Also a botanist, Rothman broadened Linnaeus's interest in botany and helped him develop an interest in medicine. By the age of 17, Linnaeus had become well acquainted with the existing botanical literature. He remarks in his journal that he "read day and night, knowing like the back of my hand, Arvidh Månsson's Rydaholm Book of Herbs, Tillandz's Flora Åboensis, 2735:

Nevertheless, Linnaeus is credited with establishing the idea of a hierarchical structure of classification which is based upon observable characteristics and intended to reflect natural relationships. While the underlying details concerning what are considered to be scientifically valid "observable characteristics" have changed with expanding knowledge (for example,

6672:"A catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland, deceased: Which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner and Co. On Monday the 24th of April, 1786, and the thirty-seven following days (...) at her late dwelling-house, in Privy-Garden, Whitehall, by order of the Acting Executrix." – pp. i–viii , 3–194, pl. . . (Skinner). 1878:

added. In Hammarby, Linnaeus made a garden where he could grow plants that could not be grown in the Botanical Garden in Uppsala. He began constructing a museum on a hill behind Hammarby in 1766, where he moved his library and collection of plants. A fire that destroyed about one third of Uppsala and had threatened his residence there necessitated the move.

1719:, again commissioned by the government. With him he brought his student Olof Söderberg. On the way to Scania, he made his last visit to his brothers and sisters in Stenbrohult since his father had died the previous year. The expedition was similar to the previous journeys in most aspects, but this time he was also ordered to find the best place to grow 2596:

caused "horrible damage" to the plants and that also moths and mould had caused considerable damage. He tried to rescue them from the neglect they had suffered during his father's later years, and also added further specimens. This last activity however reduced rather than augmented the scientific value of the original material.

807:. Although Rudbeck and Roberg had undoubtedly been good professors, by then they were older and not so interested in teaching. Rudbeck no longer gave public lectures, and had others stand in for him. The botany, zoology, pharmacology and anatomy lectures were not in their best state. In Uppsala, Linnaeus met a new benefactor, 1384:. Clifford was very impressed with Linnaeus's ability to classify plants, and invited him to become his physician and superintendent of his garden. Linnaeus had already agreed to stay with Burman over the winter, and could thus not accept immediately. However, Clifford offered to compensate Burman by offering him a copy of 767:, natural scientist, physician and historian, offered Linnaeus tutoring and lodging, as well as the use of his library, which included many books about botany. He also gave the student free admission to his lectures. In his spare time, Linnaeus explored the flora of Skåne, together with students sharing the same interests. 563:, Sweden, on 23 May 1707. He was the first child of Nicolaus (Nils) Ingemarsson (who later adopted the family name Linnaeus) and Christina Brodersonia. His siblings were Anna Maria Linnæa, Sofia Juliana Linnæa, Samuel Linnæus (who would eventually succeed their father as rector of Stenbrohult and write a manual on 2820:

man and simian that from the principles of Natural History. I absolutely know of none. If only someone might tell me a single one! If I would have called man a simian or vice versa, I would have brought together all the theologians against me. Perhaps I ought to have by virtue of the law of the discipline.

1273:, to whom Linnaeus showed one of the several manuscripts he had brought with him from Sweden. The manuscript described a new system for classifying plants. When Gronovius saw it, he was very impressed, and offered to help pay for the printing. With an additional monetary contribution by the Scottish doctor 2595:

In Hammarby the Linnean private collections suffered seriously from damp and the depredations by mice and insects. Carl von Linné's son (Carl Linnaeus) inherited the collections in 1778 and retained them until his own death in 1783. Shortly after Carl von Linné's death his son confirmed that mice had

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in 1717. Linnaeus rarely studied, often going to the countryside to look for plants. At some point, his father went to visit him and, after hearing critical assessments by his preceptors, he decided to put the youth as an apprentice to some honest cobbler. He reached the last year of the Lower School

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in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and minerals,

2910:. The new classification received less criticism, but many natural historians still believed he had demoted humans from their former place of ruling over nature and not being a part of it. Linnaeus believed that man biologically belongs to the animal kingdom and had to be included in it. In his book 1767:

In 1750, Linnaeus became rector of Uppsala University, starting a period where natural sciences were esteemed. Perhaps the most important contribution he made during his time at Uppsala was to teach; many of his students travelled to various places in the world to collect botanical samples. Linnaeus

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features an article by Nicholas Sparks, librarian, Collection Strategy and Development titled "Origins of Taxonomy", describing a generous donation from the Linnean Society of NSW to supplement the State Library of New South Wales's collections on Carl Linnaeus of documents, photographs, prints and

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It does not please that I've placed Man among the Anthropomorpha, perhaps because of the term 'with human form', but man learns to know himself. Let's not quibble over words. It will be the same to me whatever name we apply. But I seek from you and from the whole world a generic difference between

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purchased the entire specimen collection, library, manuscripts, and correspondence of Carl Linnaeus from his widow and daughter and transferred the collections to London. Not all material in Linné's private collection was transported to England. Thirty-three fish specimens preserved in alcohol were

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Linnaeus was not big, not small, thin, brown-eyed, light, hasty, walked quickly, did everything promptly, could not stand lateness; was quickly moved, sensitive, worked continuously; could not spare himself. He enjoyed good food, drank good drinks; but was never inebriated by them. He cared little

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In London Smith tended to neglect the zoological parts of the collection; he added some specimens and also gave some specimens away. Over the following centuries the Linnean collection in London suffered enormously at the hands of scientists who studied the collection, and in the process disturbed

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set out as the second apostle to North America. There he spent two-and-a-half years studying the flora and fauna of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Canada. Linnaeus was overjoyed when Kalm returned, bringing back with him many pressed flowers and seeds. At least 90 of the 700 North American

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In May 1741, Linnaeus was appointed Professor of Medicine at Uppsala University, first with responsibility for medicine-related matters. Soon, he changed place with the other Professor of Medicine, Nils Rosén, and thus was responsible for the Botanical Garden (which he would thoroughly reconstruct

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Even in his early years, Linnaeus seemed to have a liking for plants, flowers in particular. Whenever he was upset, he was given a flower, which immediately calmed him. Nils spent much time in his garden and often showed flowers to Linnaeus and told him their names. Soon Linnaeus was given his own

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In later editions the naming was changed from whitish, reddish, tawny, blackish to white (albus), red (rufus), pale yellow (luridus), and black (niger). Staffan Müller-Wille "Linnaeus and the Four Corners of the World", in The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900, ed. Ralph Bauer, Kim Coles, Zit

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The establishment of universally accepted conventions for the naming of organisms was Linnaeus's main contribution to taxonomy—his work marks the starting point of consistent use of binomial nomenclature. During the 18th century expansion of natural history knowledge, Linnaeus also developed what

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Linnaeus felt Uppsala was too noisy and unhealthy, so he bought two farms in 1758: Hammarby and Sävja. The next year, he bought a neighbouring farm, Edeby. He spent the summers with his family at Hammarby; initially it only had a small one-storey house, but in 1762 a new, larger main building was

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Linnaeus ... was the most eminent naturalist of his time, a wide observer, a close thinker; but the atmosphere in which he lived and moved and had his being was saturated with biblical theology, and this permeated all his thinking. ... Toward the end of his life he timidly advanced the

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Linnaeus stayed with Clifford at Hartekamp until 18 October 1737 (new style), when he left the house to return to Sweden. Illness and the kindness of Dutch friends obliged him to stay some months longer in Holland. In May 1738, he set out for Sweden again. On the way home, he stayed in Paris for

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for their babies. Linnaeus joined an ongoing campaign to end this practice in Sweden and promote breast-feeding by mothers. In 1752 Linnaeus published a thesis along with Frederick Lindberg, a physician student, based on their experiences. In the tradition of the period, this dissertation was

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regarding the classification of mammals. Upon observing the lower jawbone of a horse at the side of a road he was travelling, Linnaeus remarked: "If I only knew how many teeth and of what kind every animal had, how many teats and where they were placed, I should perhaps be able to work out a

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near Uppsala. This resulted in a physical separation between the two collections; the museum collection remained in the botanical garden of the university. Some material which needed special care (alcohol specimens) or ample storage space was moved from the private collection to the museum.

3012:: "Europæus albesc" (whitish European), "Americanus rubesc" (reddish American), "Asiaticus fuscus" (tawny Asian) and "Africanus nigr" (blackish African). In the tenth edition of Systema Naturae he further detailed phenotypical characteristics for each variety, based on the concept of the 2734:

Linnaeus's groupings were based upon shared physical characteristics, and not based upon differences. Of his higher groupings, only those for animals are still in use, and the groupings themselves have been significantly changed since their conception, as have the principles behind them.

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for appearance, believed that the man should embellish the clothes and not vice versa. He was certainly not argumentative, so he never answered those who wrote against him, and said: If I am wrong, I will not win and if I am right, I will be shown to be right as long as Nature exists.

3652:, it certainly will be for all botanists. What botanist would not be filled with admiration if, after a long journey, he should find this wonderful plant. In his astonishment past ills would be forgotten when beholding this admirable work of the Creator!" (translated from Latin by 1867: 2039:

in 1773, and the next year, he had a stroke which partially paralysed him. He had a second stroke in 1776, losing the use of his right side and leaving him bereft of his memory; while still able to admire his own writings, he could not recognise himself as their author.

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was living in Linnaeus's house during his time as a student in Uppsala. Linnaeus was very fond of him, promising Solander his eldest daughter's hand in marriage. On Linnaeus's recommendation, Solander travelled to England in 1760, where he met the English botanist

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After his ennoblement, Linnaeus continued teaching and writing. In total, he presided at 186 PhD ceremonies, with many of the dissertations written by himself.His reputation had spread over the world, and he corresponded with many different people. For example,

2229:, so it was thus hard for Thunberg to study the flora. He did, however, manage to persuade some of the translators to bring him different plants, and he also found plants in the gardens of Dejima. He returned to Sweden in 1779, one year after Linnaeus's death. 903:; Rudbeck had made the journey in 1695, but the detailed results of his exploration were lost in a fire seven years afterwards. Linnaeus's hope was to find new plants, animals and possibly valuable minerals. He was also curious about the customs of the native 1854:, in 1753. The first volume was issued on 24 May, the second volume followed on 16 August of the same year. The book contained 1,200 pages and was published in two volumes; it described over 7,300 species. The same year the king dubbed him knight of the 630:. When Carl was born, he was named Carl Linnæus, with his father's family name. The son also always spelled it with the æ ligature, both in handwritten documents and in publications. Carl's patronymic would have been Nilsson, as in Carl Nilsson Linnæus. 1680:. He set out from Uppsala on 12 June and returned on 11 August. On the expedition his primary companion was Erik Gustaf Lidbeck, a student who had accompanied him on his previous journey. Linnaeus described his findings from the expedition in the book 4262: 1294:, who tried to convince Linnaeus to make a career there. Boerhaave offered him a journey to South Africa and America, but Linnaeus declined, stating he would not stand the heat. Instead, Boerhaave convinced Linnaeus that he should visit the botanist 3090:. Additionally, Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels. 1952:. The shield in the coat of arms is divided into thirds: red, black and green for the three kingdoms of nature (animal, mineral and vegetable) in Linnaean classification; in the centre is an egg "to denote Nature, which is continued and perpetuated 1555:

Because his finances had improved and were now sufficient to support a family, he received permission to marry his fiancée, Sara Elisabeth Moræa. Their wedding was held 26 June 1739. Seventeen months later, Sara gave birth to their first son,

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in 1758, it classified 4,400 species of animals and 7,700 species of plants. People from all over the world sent their specimens to Linnaeus to be included. By the time he started work on the 12th edition, Linnaeus needed a new invention—the

1438:. The conservative Miller actually retained in his dictionary a number of pre-Linnaean binomial signifiers discarded by Linnaeus but which have been retained by modern botanists. He only fully changed to the Linnaean system in the edition of 2436:

was first published in 1737, delineating plant genera. Around 10 editions were published, not all of them by Linnaeus himself; the most important is the 1754 fifth edition. In it Linnaeus divided the plant Kingdom into 24 classes. One,

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in Gotland. Linnaeus and the students stayed on Gotland for about a month, and then returned to Uppsala. During this expedition, they found 100 previously unrecorded plants. The observations from the expedition were later published in

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the same year. Tärnström's widow blamed Linnaeus for making her children fatherless, causing Linnaeus to prefer sending out younger, unmarried students after Tärnström. Six other apostles later died on their expeditions, including

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in 1742. Celsius's scale was originally inverted compared to the way it is used today, with water boiling at 0 °C and freezing at 100 °C. Linnaeus was the one who inverted the scale to its present usage, in 1745.

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on the advice of Rothman, who believed it would be a better choice if Linnaeus wanted to study both medicine and botany. Rothman based this recommendation on the two professors who taught at the medical faculty at Uppsala:

1498:, a catalogue of the botanical holdings in the herbarium and botanical garden of Hartekamp. He wrote it in nine months (completed in July 1737), but it was not published until 1738. It contains the first use of the name 3938: 1391:, a rare book, if he let Linnaeus stay with him, and Burman accepted. On 24 September 1735, Linnaeus moved to Hartekamp to become personal physician to Clifford, and curator of Clifford's herbarium. He was paid 1,000 5822:

McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012).

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in 1751. The book contained a complete survey of the taxonomy system he had been using in his earlier works. It also contained information of how to keep a journal on travels and how to maintain a botanical garden.

1202:. Even at the risk of incurring the mayor's wrath, Linnaeus made his observations public, dashing the mayor's dreams of selling the hydra for an enormous sum. Linnaeus and Sohlberg were forced to flee from Hamburg. 2865:), if monkeys/apes and humans were not distinctly and separately designed, that would mean monkeys and apes were created in the image of God as well. This was something many could not accept. The conflict between 2566:

was considered one of the finest collections of natural history objects in Sweden. Next to his own collection he had also built up a museum for the university of Uppsala, which was supplied by material donated by

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and noted similarities between them and man. He pointed out both species basically have the same anatomy; except for speech, he found no other differences. Thus he placed man and monkeys under the same category,

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Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, 3:145–147.

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In April 1766 parts of the town were destroyed by a fire and the Linnean private collection was subsequently moved to a barn outside the town, and shortly afterwards to a single-room stone building close to his

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Linnaeus's father began teaching him basic Latin, religion, and geography at an early age. When Linnaeus was seven, Nils decided to hire a tutor for him. The parents picked Johan Telander, a son of a local

3673:) Art. 13.4 Note 1: "The two volumes of Linnaeus' Species plantarum, ed. 1 (1753), which appeared in May and August, 1753, respectively, are treated as having been published simultaneously on 1 May 1753." 2968:

states that the new human species Linnaeus described were actually simians or native people clad in skins to frighten colonial settlers, whose appearance had been exaggerated in accounts to Linnaeus. For

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he quietly left out the strongly orthodox statement of the fixity of each species, which he had insisted upon in his earlier works. ... warnings came speedily both from the Catholic and Protestant

987:. He returned from his six-month-long, over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) expedition in October, having gathered and observed many plants, birds and rocks. Although Lapland was a region with limited 2321:) almost 200 years earlier, Linnaeus was the first to use it consistently throughout the work, including in monospecific genera, and may be said to have popularised it within the scientific community. 8499:"Gunnar Broberg. The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus. Trans. Anna Paterson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023. Illustrations. 512 pp. $ 39.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-691-21342-2" 1564:, was born, and the subsequent year Sara gave birth to Sara Magdalena, who died when 15 days old. Sara and Linnaeus would later have four other children: Lovisa, Sara Christina, Johannes and Sophia. 1250:, a friend from Uppsala with whom he had once made a pact that should either of the two predecease the other, the survivor would finish the decedent's work. Ten weeks later, Artedi drowned in the 8002:

Guide to Standard Floras of the World: an Annotated, Geographically Arranged Systematic Bibliography of the Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists, and Chorological Atlases of Different Areas

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Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas

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Species Plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas

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In December 1777, he had another stroke which greatly weakened him, and eventually led to his death on 10 January 1778 in Hammarby. Despite his desire to be buried in Hammarby, he was buried in

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In the 21st century, Linnæus's taxonomy of human "races" has been problematised and discussed. Some critics claim that Linnæus was one of the forebears of the modern pseudoscientific notion of

1540:. Three months later, he moved to Stockholm to find employment as a physician, and thus to make it possible to support a family. Once again, Linnaeus found a patron; he became acquainted with 1459:". Linnaeus would later name a genus of tropical tree Dillenia in his honour. He then returned to Hartekamp, bringing with him many specimens of rare plants. The next year, 1737, he published 811:, who was a professor of theology and an amateur botanist. He received Linnaeus into his home and allowed him use of his library, which was one of the richest botanical libraries in Sweden. 670:

when he was fifteen, which was taught by the headmaster, Daniel Lannerus, who was interested in botany. Lannerus noticed Linnaeus's interest in botany and gave him the run of his garden.

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notes, without Linnaeus's new system, it would not have been possible for the apostles to collect and organise so many new specimens. Many of the apostles died during their expeditions.

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The von Linné name ended with his son Carl, who never married. His other son, Johannes, had died aged 3. There are over two hundred descendants of Linnaeus through two of his daughters.

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Linnaeus was relieved of his duties in the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in 1763, but continued his work there as usual for more than ten years after. In 1769 he was elected to the

1198:, cobbled together from the jaws and paws of weasels and the skins of snakes. The provenance of the hydra suggested to Linnaeus that it had been manufactured by monks to represent the 3020:, and changed the description of Asians' skin tone to "luridus" (yellow). While Linnaeus believed that these varieties resulted from environmental differences between the four known 1063:. Funded by the Governor of Dalarna, the expedition was to catalogue known natural resources and discover new ones, but also to gather intelligence on Norwegian mining activities at 11195: 3086:

Linnaeus's applied science was inspired not only by the instrumental utilitarianism general to the early Enlightenment, but also by his adherence to the older economic doctrine of

3213: 1451:. He failed to make Dillenius publicly fully accept his new classification system, though the two men remained in correspondence for many years afterwards. Linnaeus dedicated his 7626:"Linnaeus was the first to use biological traits as a basis for further subdivisions of the species into varieties. It would be unfair to ascribe racist motives to this effort." 7615:

Renato G Mazzolini – Skin Color and the Origin of Physical Anthropology. in: Reproduction, Race, and Gender in Philosophy and the Early Life Sciences. Ed. Susanne Lettow. 2014

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The theological concerns were twofold: first, putting man at the same level as monkeys or apes would lower the spiritually higher position that man was assumed to have in the

2309:. These binomials could serve as a label to refer to the species. Higher taxa were constructed and arranged in a simple and orderly manner. Although the system, now known as 1395:

a year, with free board and lodging. Though the agreement was only for a winter of that year, Linnaeus practically stayed there until 1738. It was here that he wrote a book

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International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011

2692:(1627–1702) had more or less approximated the Linnaean system and his material contributed to the later development of the binomial scientific classification by Linnaeus. 1298:. After his visit, Burman, impressed with his guest's knowledge, decided Linnaeus should stay with him during the winter. During his stay, Linnaeus helped Burman with his 1024:. The account covered 534 species, used the Linnaean classification system and included, for the described species, geographical distribution and taxonomic notes. It was 3115:

Anniversaries of Linnaeus's birth, especially in centennial years, have been marked by major celebrations. Linnaeus has appeared on numerous Swedish postage stamps and

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featured a picture of Linnaeus on the cover with the heading "Linnaeus's Legacy" and devoted a substantial portion to items related to Linnaeus and Linnaean taxonomy.

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Carl von Linnés betydelse såsom naturforskare och läkare : skildringar utgifna af Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien i anledning af tvåhundraårsdagen af Linnés födelse (

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is generally used; the abbreviations L., Linnæus and Linné are also used. In older publications, the abbreviation "Linn." is found. Linnaeus's remains constitute the

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Linnaeus began his expedition from Uppsala on 12 May 1732, just before he turned 25. He travelled on foot and horse, bringing with him his journal, botanical and

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and that the animals are mere 'automata mechanica,' but I believe they would be better advised that animals have a soul and that the difference is of nobility."

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His relations with Nils Rosén having worsened, Linnaeus accepted an invitation from Claes Sohlberg, son of a mining inspector, to spend the Christmas holiday in

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Fauna svecica. Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Quadrupedia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, distributae per classes & ordines, genera & species

12085: 11163: 5602: 3394:

Philosophia botanica: in qua explicantur fundamenta botanica cum definitionibus partium, exemplis terminorum, observationibus rariorum, adiectis figuris aeneis

1402:

In July 1736, Linnaeus travelled to England, at Clifford's expense. He went to London to visit Sir Hans Sloane, a collector of natural history, and to see his

1688:, published the next year. After he returned from the journey, the Government decided Linnaeus should take on another expedition to the southernmost province 2162: 3794:. However, the many affinities between humans and other primates—and especially the great apes—made it clear that the distinction made no scientific sense. 1996:, two little animals hitherto unknown to Linnaeus). Linnaeus greatly respected Scopoli and showed great interest in his work. He named a solanaceous genus, 12095: 8914: 5702:

Tönz, Otmar (2006). "Breastfeeding in modern and ancient times: Facts, ideas and beliefs". In Koletzko, Berthold; Michaelsen, K. F.; Hernell, Olle (eds.).

3800: 2035:

Linnaeus's last years were troubled by illness. He had had a disease called the Uppsala fever in 1764, but survived due to the care of Rosén. He developed

7817:

Braziel, Jana Evans (2007). "Genre, race, erasure: a genealogical critique of "American" autobiography". In Joseph A. Young and Jana Evans Braziel (ed.).

7107: 5220: 592:

A year after Linnaeus's birth, his grandfather Samuel Brodersonius died, and his father Nils became the rector of Stenbrohult. The family moved into the

6415: 12140: 12090: 9584: 9574: 8810: 450:

and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his

9579: 9564: 8857: 1731:, where he remarked on the quality of its ferruginous water. The journey was successful, and Linnaeus's observations were published the next year in 2468:(1751) was a summary of Linnaeus's thinking on plant classification and nomenclature, and an elaboration of the work he had previously published in 956:, the twinflower that would become his favourite. He sometimes dismounted on the way to examine a flower or rock and was particularly interested in 9569: 6890: 4018: 658:. Linnaeus did not like him, writing in his autobiography that Telander "was better calculated to extinguish a child's talents than develop them". 9131: 7457: 4335: 69: 12175: 12080: 9964: 9549: 9539: 8738: 7231: 3264:, while others hold the view that while his classification was stereotyped, it did not imply that certain human "races" were superior to others. 3665:

The date of issue of both volumes was later, for practical purposes, arbitrarily set on 1 May, see Stearn, W. T. (1957), The preparation of the

2303:", were supplemented with concise and now familiar "binomials", composed of the generic name, followed by a specific epithet—in the case given, 9589: 9559: 2615:(1720–1782) (in the Linnean publications referred to as "Museum Ludovicae Ulricae" or "M. L. U."). This collection was donated by her grandson 1676:

In the summer of 1746, Linnaeus was once again commissioned by the Government to carry out an expedition, this time to the Swedish province of

1001:. However, on the expedition to Lapland, Linnaeus used Latin names to describe organisms because he had not yet developed the binomial system. 146: 3807:

The greater number of naturalists who have taken into consideration the whole structure of man, including his mental faculties, have followed

2608:

the original arrangement and labels, added specimens that did not belong to the original series and withdrew precious original type material.

12045: 11107: 9601: 9594: 9554: 9167: 7027: 6873: 6842: 5254: 522: 607:

naming system of Scandinavian countries: his father was named Ingemarsson after his father Ingemar Bengtsson. When Nils was admitted to the

10322: 8540: 7485: 6626: 6522: 3412: 3280: 12105: 6588: 2739:, unavailable in Linnaeus's time, has proven to be a tool of considerable utility for classifying living organisms and establishing their 10186: 9544: 3669:

and the introduction of binomial nomenclature, in: Species Plantarum, A Facsimile of the first edition, London, Ray Society: 72 and ICN (

7675: 2210:

in 1772–75 bound for, among other places, Oceania and South America. Sparrman made many other expeditions, one of them to South Africa.

11099: 6529:

Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens. – pp. , 1–128. Uppsala. (Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution, Zoology Section).

8847: 8838: 7516:

Eom, Young-Ho; Aragón, Pablo; Laniado, David; Kaltenbrunner, Andreas; Vigna, Sebastiano; Shepelyansky, Dima L.; Gao, Zhong-Ke (2015).

5195:

History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland (1735–2015): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook

2058:, who bought the whole collection: 14,000 plants, 3,198 insects, 1,564 shells, about 3,000 letters and 1,600 books. Smith founded the 11123: 9655: 7419: 3689:, p. 167, quotes Linnaeus explaining the real difference would necessarily be absent from his classification system, as it was not a 3445: 7586: 12185: 12035: 12025: 10553: 4240: 4103: 3498: 3437:

Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

2125:

Christopher Tärnström, the first apostle and a 43-year-old pastor with a wife and children, made his journey in 1746. He boarded a

10256: 6554:

Dance, S.P. 1967. Report on the Linnaean shell collection. – Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 178 (1): 1–24, Pl. 1–10.

4561: 3397:. originally published simultaneously by R. Kiesewetter (Stockholm) and Z. Chatelain (Amsterdam). Vienna: Joannis Thomae Trattner. 2432:

Genera plantarum: eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium

1175:

while tutoring Sohlberg in exchange for an annual salary. At the time, it was common for Swedes to pursue doctoral degrees in the

12075: 12015: 10580: 10315: 8970: 6238: 5840: 8498: 4365: 1620:, it contained both zoological and botanical observations, as well as observations concerning the culture in Öland and Gotland. 1599:

with six students from the university to look for plants useful in medicine. They stayed on Öland until 21 June, then sailed to

1209:, a university known for awarding degrees in as little as a week. He submitted a dissertation, written back in Sweden, entitled 12040: 12020: 10715: 10542: 9942: 9708: 9508: 6665: 5088: 2405:) was first published in 1753, as a two-volume work. Its prime importance is perhaps that it is the primary starting point of 12070: 12065: 12030: 11946: 8697: 8678: 8659: 8565: 8429: 8410: 8389: 8354: 8316: 8294: 8211: 8141: 8118: 8099: 8075: 8056: 8033: 8009: 7986: 7967: 7939: 7899: 7826: 7775: 7754: 7733: 7206: 6706: 5834: 5203: 4812: 4469: 4171: 3969: 1217:

arose only in areas with clay-rich soils. Although he failed to identify the true source of disease transmission, (i.e., the

8163: 6090: 6059: 6033: 4128: 3365: 3323: 2869:

that was caused by asserting man was a type of animal would simmer for a century until the much greater, and still ongoing,

12005: 9177: 7801: 7351: 1858:, the first civilian in Sweden to become a knight in this order. He was then seldom seen not wearing the order's insignia. 908: 461:

while publishing several volumes. By the time of his death in 1778, he was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe.

3618: 12060: 11267: 10558: 10064: 7624:

Kenneth A.R. Kennedy (1976), "Human Variation in Space and Time". Wm. C. Brown Company, p. 25. Kennedy writes that while

1444:

of 1768. Miller ultimately was impressed, and from then on started to arrange the garden according to Linnaeus's system.

9473: 907:, reindeer-herding nomads who wandered Scandinavia's vast tundras. In April 1732, Linnaeus was awarded a grant from the 12190: 12010: 10291: 9430: 3222:

hypothesis that all the species of one genus constituted at the creation one species; and from the last edition of his

2870: 1964:": we extend our fame by our deeds. Linnaeus inscribed this personal motto in books that were given to him by friends. 3727: 11300: 11171: 11115: 9807: 8486: 8460: 8234: 8186: 7853: 6770: 6015: 3896: 2815:

on the ground that it is illogical to describe man as human-like. In a letter to Gmelin from 1747, Linnaeus replied:

2628: 2624: 5752:

Schiebinger, Londa (1993). "Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History".

2032:

for his work. He stepped down as rector at Uppsala University in December 1772, mostly due to his declining health.

1544:, who helped him get work as a physician at the Admiralty. During this time in Stockholm, Linnaeus helped found the 12120: 11139: 10133: 9954: 2619:(1778–1837) to the museum in Uppsala in 1804. Another important collection in this respect was that of her husband 1545: 9296: 7867: 6906: 1561: 12160: 12115: 12055: 11941: 10296: 10275: 9617: 9531: 8938: 7697: 3816: 3441: 2620: 2611:

Much material which had been intensively studied by Linné in his scientific career belonged to the collection of

2572: 2280: 2255: 1890: 8910: 12135: 12050: 11131: 10995: 10945: 10930: 10568: 10368: 10198: 9342: 8748: 8505:. H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. Digital Humanities. Michigan State University. Archived from 7105: 5232: 4446: 4205:

Egerton, Frank N. (2007). "A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 23: Linnaeus and the Economy of Nature".

3110: 2217:, who embarked on a nine-year expedition in 1770. He stayed in South Africa for three years, then travelled to 2029: 8589:(June 2005). "'Not Strictly Proper for a Female Pen': Eighteenth-Century Poetry and the Sexuality of Botany". 736:

Rothman showed Linnaeus that botany was a serious subject. He taught Linnaeus to classify plants according to

603:

Carl's father was the first in his ancestry to adopt a permanent surname. Before that, ancestors had used the

12165: 12150: 11155: 10373: 9935: 9648: 8829: 6538:

Lisbet Koerner, "Carl Linnaeus in his Time and Place", in Cultures of Natural History, ed. Nicholas Jardine,

6403: 4218: 3025: 2600: 2441:, included all the plants with concealed reproductive parts (algae, fungi, mosses and liverworts and ferns). 2055: 823: 8795: 7276:(1959). "The Background of Linnaeus's Contributions to the Nomenclature and Methods of Systematic Biology". 12170: 12155: 12130: 11900: 11055: 10720: 9302: 8613:(30 January 2014). "Carl Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin and Anna Seward: Botanical Poetry and Female Education". 5310:, that the book will be, not just a lexicon of gardeners, but of botanists."; noted in Paterson 1986:40–41. 2110: 2098: 1704: 1025: 8852: 5985: 3717:

in which Linnaeus cites the significant capacity to reason as the distinguishing characteristic of humans.

3361:

Systema naturae, sive regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species

3319:

Systema naturae, sive regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species

870: 12125: 10770: 10735: 10685: 10006: 9819: 8963: 8820: 8754: 8400: 3808: 3771: 2995: 2353: 1427: 1243:

Within two weeks he had completed his oral and practical examinations and was awarded a doctoral degree.

737: 308: 7445: 6887: 3636:

Inaugural thesis in medicine, in which a new hypothesis on the cause of intermittent fevers is presented

12145: 11187: 11081: 10900: 10355: 10285: 9976: 9501: 9435: 8993: 8790: 4327: 4023: 3538: 3308: 2974: 2804: 2238: 2126: 1583:, instead. In October that same year, his wife and nine-month-old son followed him to live in Uppsala. 1290:

Linnaeus became acquainted with one of the most respected physicians and botanists in the Netherlands,

1186:, where they met the mayor, who proudly showed them a supposed wonder of nature in his possession: the 674: 469: 7223: 2548: 484:

wrote: "Linnaeus was in reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist." Linnaeus has been called

10865: 10815: 10587: 10030: 10011: 9920: 9420: 9290: 9111: 6760:

Sven Horstadius, Linnaeus, animals and man, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 6 (December 1974), 269–275 (p. 273).

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that Linnaeus's work became widely known in England, following its translation from the Latin by the

2059: 2022: 1700: 1557: 1017: 351: 50: 31: 7483: 2488:(1737). Other publications forming part of his plan to reform the foundations of botany include his 638: 11761: 11237: 11005: 10830: 10518: 10398: 10338: 10040: 9641: 9425: 7798:

De Indiæ Utriusque re naturali et medica libri quatuordecim. Quorum contenta pagina sequens exhibet

7701: 7024: 3291: 3268: 3176: 2886:

After such criticism, Linnaeus felt he needed to explain himself more clearly. The 10th edition of

2875: 2612: 2087: 1973: 1440: 1373: 1172: 1140: 800: 341: 194: 17: 6865: 6834: 5262: 991:, Linnaeus described about 100 previously unidentified plants. These became the basis of his book 12180: 12110: 11631: 11396: 10695: 10181: 9873: 9730: 8534: 2345: 1894: 1855: 1728: 1591:

Ten days after he was appointed professor, he undertook an expedition to the island provinces of

586: 578: 331: 6637: 6519: 3995: 3055:"monstrosus" for "wild and monstrous humans, unknown groups, and more or less abnormal people". 2540: 1727:

trees; these trees were used by the military to make rifles. While there, they also visited the

1537: 1211:

Dissertatio medica inauguralis in qua exhibetur hypothesis nova de febrium intermittentium causa

507:

is used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for a species' name. In zoology, the abbreviation

480:, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly." Swedish author 309:

Dissertatio medica inauguralis in qua exhibetur hypothesis nova de febrium intermittentium causa

230: 11990: 11040: 10795: 10655: 10271: 10123: 10071: 9988: 9463: 9400: 9162: 8956: 6995: 3820: 3406: 2588: 2406: 1969: 1949: 1851: 1817: 1448: 1403: 1270: 891: 8129: 7146: 7091: 3743: 3714: 2279:

was printed in the Netherlands in 1735. It was a twelve-page work. By the time it reached its

775: 11925: 11835: 11293: 11179: 11035: 11015: 10960: 10592: 10148: 10052: 10047: 9983: 9910: 9494: 9172: 8893: 8023: 7997: 7659: 7256: 7126: 6476: 5809: 4510: 4000: 3566: 3140: 2703:. Kingdoms were divided into classes and they, in turn, into orders, and thence into genera ( 2310: 2206: 2129:

ship headed for China. Tärnström never reached his destination, dying of a tropical fever on

1423: 1407: 1167:

In April 1735, at the suggestion of Sohlberg's father, Linnaeus and Sohlberg set out for the

1132: 882: 465: 400: 210: 128: 46: 10820: 8626: 7166: 3786:(two-handed, i.e. humans). This distinction was taken up by other naturalists, most notably 1988:). Scopoli communicated all of his research, findings, and descriptions (for example of the 741: 12000: 11995: 11786: 11614: 11232: 10950: 10915: 10730: 10128: 10081: 9848: 9737: 9207: 9119: 9087: 9055: 9023: 9015: 8622: 8558:

The Art of Botanical Illustration: A history of classic illustrators and their achievements

7539: 7518:"Interactions of Cultures and Top People of Knowledge from Ranking of 24 Language Editions" 7495: 7104:

Nines, and Carla Peterson, 191–209 (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave, 2015

3690: 3561: 3516: 3208: 2854: 2502: 2456: 2329: 2091: 2074: 1780: 1492: 1357: 1127: 1113: 627: 11920: 11698: 6662: 3711:

and has condescended to adopt as his favorite and for which he has prepared a nobler life"

3704: 3435: 2803:, meaning "manlike". This classification received criticism from other biologists such as 8: 11951: 11880: 11781: 11673: 11656: 10895: 10845: 10790: 10670: 10406: 10176: 9681: 9395: 9332: 9270: 9103: 9007: 8576: 7909: 7480:

Egenhändiga anteckningar af Carl Linnæus om sig sjelf : med anmärkningar och tillägg

7423: 6830: 6239:"Linnaeus, Johannes (1754–1757). Swedish. Son of Carl Linnaeus and Sara Elisabet Linnaea" 6114:

Joannes A. Scopoli-Carl Linnaeus. Dopisovanje/Correspondence 1760–1775, ed. Darinka Soban

3770:

Others who followed were more inclined to give humans a special place in classification;

3550: 3193:

Egenhändiga anteckningar af Carl Linnæus om sig sjelf : med anmärkningar och tillägg

3148: 3017: 2812: 2808: 2472: 2214: 2130: 2083: 2079: 1369: 1251: 1136: 1021: 512: 10940: 10675: 9350: 8455:. Translated by Paterson, Anna. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. 8309:

Linnaeus and the Linnaeans: the Spreading of their Ideas in Systematic Botany, 1735–1789

7840: 7543: 7503: 4232: 4095: 3966: 3504: 2340:, rather confusingly labelled the 13th edition. Meanwhile, a 13th edition of the entire 2014: 760:, the Latin form of his full name, which he also used later for his Latin publications. 11872: 11766: 11320: 11060: 10990: 10850: 10805: 10705: 10481: 10205: 10113: 10076: 10059: 9947: 9696: 9390: 9187: 9151: 9146: 8865: 8723: 8638: 8523: 8270: 8223: 8089: 7562: 7529: 7517: 7332: 7301: 7293: 5785: 5769: 5063: 5036: 4558: 4072: 4055: 3599: 2918:, he said, "One should not vent one's wrath on animals, Theology decree that man has a 2752: 1929: 1816:) expounded upon by the student. Linnaeus's dissertation was translated into French by 1677: 1541: 1513: 795: 740:

system. Linnaeus was also taught about the sexual reproduction of plants, according to

608: 447: 404: 215: 189: 42: 10023: 8422:

Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 17th century

6584: 5824: 4461:

History of the Royal Society From Its Institution to the End of the Eighteenth Century

2711:

species). Below the rank of species he sometimes recognised taxa of a lower (unnamed)

2580: 2324:

After the decline in Linnaeus's health in the early 1770s, publication of editions of

685:

Serta Florea Suecana, Bromelii's Chloros Gothica and Rudbeckii's Hortus Upsaliensis".

673:

He also introduced him to Johan Rothman, the state doctor of Småland and a teacher at

611:, he had to take on a family name. He adopted the Latinate name Linnæus after a giant 11853: 11732: 11663: 11651: 11203: 11091: 11050: 10975: 10890: 10860: 10760: 10629: 10602: 10575: 10476: 10347: 10281: 9868: 9762: 9742: 9715: 9622: 9445: 9197: 9192: 9156: 9095: 9063: 8843: 8834: 8771: 8734: 8693: 8674: 8655: 8642: 8561: 8482: 8466: 8456: 8425: 8406: 8385: 8350: 8333: 8312: 8290: 8230: 8207: 8137: 8114: 8095: 8071: 8052: 8029: 8019: 8005: 7982: 7963: 7935: 7895: 7849: 7822: 7771: 7750: 7729: 7723: 7667: 7567: 7273: 7202: 6702: 6011: 5830: 5777: 5199: 5068: 4808: 4465: 4442: 4357: 4077: 3556: 3427: 3392: 3346: 3261: 3136: 3052: 3048: 3013: 2700: 2670: 2492: 2385: 2305: 2196: 2114: 2044: 1981: 1841: 1823:

La Nourrice marâtre, ou Dissertation sur les suites funestes du nourrisage mercénaire

1724: 1199: 1037: 682: 481: 140: 10775: 9405: 9230: 8815: 8506: 8045: 7305: 5789: 3172: 2102: 1344: 764: 11969: 11895: 11286: 11030: 11025: 11000: 10980: 10745: 10456: 10155: 10103: 10088: 9893: 9787: 9486: 9322: 9225: 9047: 9031: 8898: 8780: 8630: 8598: 8262: 7557: 7547: 7285: 7192: 7184: 6580: 5761: 5085: 5058: 5048: 4214: 4067: 3972: 3931: 3914: 3843: 3595: 3483: 3029: 2936:

1. Troglodyta Bontii, 2. Lucifer Aldrovandi, 3. Satyrus Tulpii, 4. Pygmaeus Edwardi

2757:

Linnaeus's system of taxonomy was especially noted as the first to include humans (

2724: 2696: 2643: 2512: 2482: 2424: 1941: 1463: 1335: 1291: 952: 923: 900: 848: 838: 84: 78: 9255: 8825: 8202:

Reveal, James L.; Pringle, James S. (1993). "7. Taxonomic Botany and Floristics".

5037:"Bad air, amulets and mosquitoes: 2,000 years of changing perspectives on malaria" 3520: 2135: 1036:

as the first example in the botanical genre of Flora writing. Botanical historian

585:

of the small village of Stenbrohult in Småland. Christina was the daughter of the

11858: 11793: 11590: 11565: 11369: 11065: 11020: 10910: 10880: 10755: 10740: 10680: 10617: 10513: 10307: 10227: 9903: 9814: 9792: 9782: 9725: 9664: 9518: 9360: 9327: 9265: 9260: 9250: 9182: 9039: 8999: 8918: 8861: 8719: 8610: 8586: 8327: 7957: 7929: 7789: 7785: 7765: 7744: 7552: 7319:

Spamer, Earle E. (1999). "Know Thyself: Responsible Science and the Lectotype of

7111: 7031: 6894: 6669: 6539: 6526: 6082: 6051: 6037: 6030: 5193: 5092: 4565: 4459: 4163: 4136: 3791: 3622: 3603: 3465: 3359: 3340: 3317: 3164: 2953: 2659: 2568: 2522: 2266: 2201: 2182: 2167: 1925: 1850:, the work which is now internationally accepted as the starting point of modern 1760: 1580: 1295: 1281: 1228: 995: 972: 886: 855: 745: 730: 693: 646: 493: 454: 184: 9286: 9240: 7359: 2139: 2109:

During Linnaeus's time as Professor and Rector of Uppsala University, he taught

1916:

until 1761. With his ennoblement, he took the name Carl von Linné (Latinised as

1893:

was released in 1758. This edition established itself as the starting point for

899:

During a visit with his parents, Linnaeus told them about his plan to travel to

539: 11890: 11885: 11746: 11727: 11646: 11526: 11384: 11364: 11341: 11010: 10970: 10920: 10905: 10885: 10835: 10800: 10785: 10765: 10750: 10622: 10563: 10416: 10237: 10035: 10018: 9888: 9878: 9802: 9797: 9767: 9440: 9307: 9220: 8932: 8767: 8448: 8282: 8085: 7913: 7887: 7863: 7836: 6542:, and Emma C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 145–162. 6003: 3958: 3812: 3795: 3787: 3615: 3543: 3295: 3235:

algorithm, applied to 24 multilingual Knowledge editions in 2014, published in

3144: 3009: 2965: 2880: 2838: 2779:

speaking in 1907 noted this as the "most important sign of Linnaeus's genius".

2771: 2736: 2731:

between kingdom and class that were not present in Linnaeus's original system.

2712: 2314: 1660: 1414:. He taught Miller about his new system of subdividing plants, as described in 1191: 1168: 1156:

Cities where he worked; those outside Sweden were only visited during 1735–1738

939: 689: 662: 477: 384: 326: 110: 8744: 8634: 8470: 4056:"Taxonomy: what's in a name? Doesn't a rose by any other name smell as sweet?" 1103:, where Carl von Linné lived and studied for three years, from 1735 until 1738 623:

in Swedish, that grew on the family homestead. This name was spelled with the

403:, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern 11984: 11910: 11808: 11720: 11688: 11641: 11580: 11501: 11440: 11421: 11390: 11336: 11242: 11045: 10985: 10955: 10935: 10840: 10825: 10810: 10780: 10725: 10650: 10461: 10441: 10431: 10220: 10215: 10143: 10108: 10093: 9971: 9959: 9777: 9415: 9385: 9312: 9215: 9079: 9071: 8928: 8602: 8304: 8174: 7925: 7879: 7819:

Erasing Public Memory: Race, Aesthetics, and Cultural Amnesia in the Americas

7671: 7188: 5821: 5053: 4096:"Carolus Linnaeus | Biography, Education, Classification System, & Facts" 4005: 3350: 3196: 3168: 3159: 3124: 2776: 2740: 2318: 2006:, after him, but because of the great distance between them, they never met. 1549: 1505: 1411: 1325: 1088: 1052: 721: 678: 161: 148: 7179:

Müller-Wille, Staffan (2014). "Linnaeus and the Four Corners of the World".

5718: 3119:. There are numerous statues of Linnaeus in countries around the world. The 2299:

Physalis annua ramosissima, ramis angulosis glabris, foliis dentato-serratis

2050:

His library and collections were left to his widow Sara and their children.

1976:, "the Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire", who was a doctor and a botanist in 1121: 834:. He began writing several books, which would later result in, for example, 11776: 11715: 11710: 11570: 11516: 11511: 11430: 11411: 11406: 11222: 10925: 10710: 10496: 10451: 10446: 10388: 10363: 10193: 9925: 9915: 9861: 9856: 9703: 9317: 8364: 8337: 7956:

Frängsmyr, Tore; Lindroth, Sten; Eriksson, Gunnar; Broberg, Gunnar (1983).

7571: 7289: 6566:"The purchase of knowledge: James Edward Smith and the Linnean collections" 5781: 5072: 4081: 3731: 3653: 3254: 3059: 2862: 2858: 2187: 2171: 2051: 1937: 1871: 1274: 1247: 1237: 1233: 1013: 988: 808: 593: 517: 10634: 8692:. 8 vols. 11 books. London & Whitby: The IK Foundation & Company. 7648:

Rachel N. Hastings (2008), "Black Eyez: Memoirs of a Revolutionary", p. 17

3474: 3339:

Linnaeus, Carl; Hendrik Engel; Maria Sara Johanna Engel-Ledeboer (1964) .

2794:. During his time at Hartekamp, he had the opportunity to examine several 2250: 2200:

in 1768–71. Solander was not the only apostle to journey with James Cook;

1524: 688:

Linnaeus entered the Växjö Katedralskola in 1724, where he studied mainly

11823: 11703: 11693: 11521: 11506: 11490: 11446: 11426: 11401: 11379: 11374: 11355: 11345: 11262: 11252: 10855: 10665: 10612: 10486: 10426: 10421: 10098: 9883: 9833: 9754: 9380: 9245: 8922: 7793: 7587:"Knowledge Reveals Most Influential Person in History, No It's Not Jesus" 3041: 2927: 2576: 2552: 2438: 2003: 1385: 1254:, leaving behind an unfinished manuscript on the classification of fish. 1176: 1107: 919: 904: 804: 779: 701: 612: 525:, since the sole specimen that he is known to have examined was himself. 473: 416: 35: 3500:

Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II

1747: 1075: 407:". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as 11915: 11683: 11636: 11585: 11550: 11496: 11480: 11460: 11455: 11451: 11360: 11257: 11247: 10965: 10870: 10700: 10690: 10660: 10503: 10471: 10436: 10378: 8886: 8878: 8274: 7336: 7297: 7197: 5990:

The Naturalist's Library. Volume VI. Ornithology. Humming birds, Part I

5773: 3963: 3779: 3087: 3044: 2986: 2866: 2363: 2285: 2191: 2175: 1944:, one of Linnaeus's favourite plants; it was given the scientific name 1206: 1020:

were first used in a practical way, making this the first proto-modern

927: 705: 666: 604: 567:), and Emerentia Linnæa. His father taught him Latin as a small child. 564: 3695:"I well know what a splendidly great difference there is a man and a 3345:(facsimile of the 1st ed.). Nieuwkoop, Netherlands: B. de Graaf. 3103: 1755: 1306:. Burman also helped Linnaeus with the books on which he was working: 560: 556: 549: 439: 435: 106: 11771: 11623: 11485: 11466: 11435: 11349: 10508: 9691: 9375: 9370: 9235: 8805: 8728: 6696: 3246: 3180: 3063: 3021: 2977:

to search for one, but they did not find any signs of its existence.

2632: 2556: 2146: 2018: 1889:

in 1735, the book had been expanded and reprinted several times; the

1808: 1703:—a mark of great respect. The same year he was elected member of the 1696: 1567: 1500: 1381: 1377: 1219: 1187: 1100: 396: 392: 9410: 8266: 7420:"A modern, international university in the Småland region of Sweden" 5765: 3098: 3078: 11813: 11600: 11595: 11575: 11560: 11555: 11545: 11475: 11470: 11416: 11227: 10607: 10118: 9930: 8945:

drawings as well as a fine portrait of Linnaeus painted about 1800.

7931:

Sex, Botany and Empire: The Story of Carl Linnaeus and Joseph Banks

3700: 3648: 3503:. Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. pp. , 144–588. Archived from 3250: 3237: 3232: 3116: 3037: 2824: 2689: 2226: 2036: 1998: 1993: 1985: 1913: 1909: 1807:

During Linnaeus's time it was normal for upper class women to have

1447:

Linnaeus also travelled to Oxford University to visit the botanist

1431: 1223: 965: 697: 575: 571: 496:

of the North". He is also considered one of the founders of modern

9633: 7534: 7450:

H.Schaef. & Kocyan | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"

3241:

in 2015, placed Carl Linnaeus at the top historical figure, above

1592: 1064: 980: 943: 749: 371: 11610: 11309: 11197:

An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus

10530: 10525: 10491: 10466: 10383: 9355: 8402:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

6010:(in Dutch). Het Zweeds Instituut/Svenska Institutet. p. 24. 3153: 3151:. Other things named after Linnaeus include the twinflower genus 3132: 3033: 2783: 2685: 2563: 1795: 1664: 1656: 1596: 1572: 1214: 1183: 1095: 1060: 1056:

perfectly natural system for the arrangement of all quadrupeds."

661:

Two years after his tutoring had begun, he was sent to the Lower

497: 468:

sent him the message: "Tell him I know no greater man on Earth."

284: 274: 41:"L.", "Linn.", and "Linnaeus" redirect here. For other uses, see 8948: 8151:Östholm, Hanna (2007). Mary J. Morris and Leonie Berwick (ed.). 3214:

A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

2344:

appeared in parts between 1788 and 1793 under the editorship of

1269:

One of the first scientists Linnaeus met in the Netherlands was

1205:

Linnaeus began working towards his degree as soon as he reached

976: 570:

One of a long line of peasants and priests, Nils was an amateur

544: 11536: 10597: 10411: 8906: 8382:

The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: a Comprehensive Guide

7977:

Fries, Theodor Magnus (2011) . Jackson, Benjamin Daydon (ed.).

7790:"Historiae naturalis & medicae Indiae Orientalis libri sex" 3783: 3128: 2795: 2728: 2222: 2221:. All foreigners in Japan were forced to stay on the island of 1977: 1957: 1720: 1716: 1689: 1392: 984: 961: 831: 827: 655: 582: 443: 431: 302: 279: 7500:

History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

7325:

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

5732: 5730: 4512:

Through the Fields with Linnaeus: A Chapter in Swedish History

3858: 1623:

During the summer of 1745, Linnaeus published two more books:

1152: 11830: 11818: 11803: 11798: 8649: 8326:

Stöver, Dietrich Johann Heinrich (1794). Joseph Trapp (ed.).

8206:. Vol. 1. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7920:. Huntington, New York: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company. 7515: 5829:. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. 5704:

Short and Long Term Effects of Breast Feeding on Child Health

3444: ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. pp. , 1–824. 3242: 3191:

Linnaeus wrote a description of himself in his autobiography

2765: 2328:

went in two different directions. Another Swedish scientist,

2218: 1600: 1533: 1532:

When Linnaeus returned to Sweden on 28 June 1738, he went to

1470: 1161: 8844:

Digital edition: "Classes plantarum seu systemata plantarum"

8673:(in Dutch). Heemstede: Vereniging Oud-Heemstede-Bennebroek. 8669:

Albers, Lucia (1982). "Linnaeus' verblijf op de Hartekamp".

8004:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 24–51. 7962:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 7845:

L. studien: Carl von Linné naturuppfattning och människolära

2857:, and second, because the Bible says man was created in the 1866: 11083:

An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People

8800: 8479:

Mannen som ordnade naturen: En biografi över Carl von Linné

7696: 5727: 3885: 3882: 3861: 3708: 2919: 2759: 1972:

sent him seeds from her country. He also corresponded with

1368:

In August 1735, during Linnaeus's stay with Burman, he met

1195: 1091:. Linnaeus identified the hydra specimen as a fake in 1735. 957: 726: 11278: 8785: 6680: 6678: 1473:

of plants, and shortly thereafter he supplemented it with

1376:

and the owner of a rich botanical garden at the estate of

1326:

George Clifford, Philip Miller, and Johann Jacob Dillenius

1131:(1737). The work was a collaboration between Linnaeus and 1048:

as "the most classic and delightful" of Linnaeus's works.

942:

manuscripts and sheets of paper for pressing plants. Near

624: 8311:. Utrecht: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 3873: 3849: 3757: 1989: 1956:." At the bottom is a phrase in Latin, borrowed from the 1933: 1715:

In the spring of 1749, Linnaeus could finally journey to

1692:. This journey was postponed, as Linnaeus felt too busy. 968:, a common and economically important animal in Lapland. 8111:"Race" is a Four Letter Word. The Genesis of the Concept 6697:

Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996).

5673: 5671: 4219:

10.1890/0012-9623(2007)88[72:AHOTES]2.0.CO;2

1179:, then a highly revered place to study natural history. 1070: 934:, that became his personal emblem. Martin Hoffman, 1737. 8253:

Sprague, T. A. (1953). "Linnaeus as a nomenclaturist".

6675: 3778:(1779), proposed that the primates be divided into the 2715:; these have since acquired standardised names such as 2295:, the unwieldy names mostly used at the time, such as " 11165:

The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy

8690:

The Linnaeus Apostles – Global Science & Adventure

8153:"The Linnaean Legacy: Three Centuries after his Birth" 6663:

Portland catalogue p. 76 Lot 1715 and p. 188 Lot 3997.

6634:

Uppsala University Museum of Evolution Zoology Section

3485:

Systema vegetabilium (13th edition of Systema Naturae)

3467:

Systema vegetabilium (13th edition of Systema Naturae)

2313:, was partially developed by the Bauhin brothers (see 1516:. After his return, Linnaeus never again left Sweden. 27:

Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist (1707–1778)

8345:

Van den Hoek, C.; D.G. Mann & H.M. Jahns (2005).

6111: 5668: 4464:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. 3897: 3888: 3879: 3864: 3855: 2562:

At the end of his lifetime the Linnean collection in

2145:

Two years after Tärnström's expedition, Finnish-born

971:

Linnaeus travelled clockwise around the coast of the

854:. He also produced a book on the plants grown in the 9516: 6732: 6730: 6550: 6548: 5308:

Non erit Lexicon Hortulanorum, sed etiam Botanicorum

3870: 3846: 3384:. C. Wishoff & G.J. Wishoff, Lugdnuni Batavorum. 3302: 2579:(in 1746), Magnus Lagerström (in 1748 and 1750) and 2365:

Orbis eruditi judicium de Caroli Linnaei MD scriptis

2105:

was among the apostles who met a tragic fate abroad.

8654:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur & Kultur/Fakta. 8068:

Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking

7356:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

6829: 6515: 6513: 6209: 6207: 3876: 3852: 3290:is used to indicate this person as the author when 2213:Perhaps the most famous and successful apostle was 1171:, where Linnaeus intended to study medicine at the 1164:, where Linnaeus was permitted to visit the mines. 1059:In 1734, Linnaeus led a small group of students to 10337: 8757:from Taxonomic Literature, 2nd Edition. 1976–2009. 8560:. London: Quantum Publishing Ltd. pp. 62–71. 8453:The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus 8229:. New York and London: Columbia University Press. 8222: 8044: 6454: 6442: 4747: 4745: 4358:"Carolus Linnaeus – Biography, Facts and Pictures" 3073: 3008:, Linnaeus subdivided the human species into four 1908:The Swedish King Adolf Frederick granted Linnaeus 1051:It was during this expedition that Linnaeus had a 383:(23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after 8574: 8532: 6727: 6545: 6245:. Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle. 3726:Discussion of translation was originally made in 1936:' signifying his ennoblement. The noble family's 1194:. Linnaeus quickly discovered the specimen was a 645:(Herb book), an early Linnaeus manuscript, 1725. 12101:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 11982: 8687: 8578:The Bicentenary of the Birth of Carolus Linnaeus 8521: 8244:Slotkin, J.S. (1965). "The Eighteenth Century". 8136:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–276. 6510: 6302: 6300: 6204: 5983: 5034: 4988: 4986: 3790:. Some elevated the distinction to the level of 3028:acknowledges that his categorization's focus on 1422:. At first, Miller was reluctant to use the new 1257: 8935:, said to have been planted by Linnaeus in 1735 8739:University of California Museum of Paleontology 6701:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 4. 6116:. Ljubljana: Slovenian Natural history society. 5736: 5593:"Carl von Linnés resa till Skåne 1749: 11 juni" 5191: 5151: 5149: 4742: 3273: 2723:in zoology. Modern taxonomy includes a rank of 2695:The Linnaean system classified nature within a 2635:. The dry material was transferred to Uppsala. 1812:essentially an idea of the presiding reviewer ( 1742: 5634: 5632: 4798: 4796: 3707:has seen fit to honor with such a magnificent 3492:]. Lichfield: Lichfield Botanical Society. 1457:opus botanicum quo absolutius mundus non-vidit 446:. He received most of his higher education at 12086:Members of the American Philosophical Society 11294: 11109:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 10323: 9649: 9502: 8964: 8481:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. 6863: 6297: 5871: 5869: 5801: 5799: 5716: 5502: 5500: 5221:"Carl Linnaeus contributions and collections" 5030: 5028: 4983: 4925: 4923: 4600: 4598: 4207:Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 3734:in 2005. For an alternative translation, see 2940:Linnaeus added a second species to the genus 2934:, from the 1760 dissertation by C. E. Hoppius 2157: 1733: 1682: 1606: 1504:, which Linnaeus used to describe a genus of 617: 523:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 8289:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 8162:. Special Issue No. 8: 35–44. Archived from 7178: 6134: 6132: 5404: 5377: 5375: 5146: 5035:Hempelmann, Ernst; Krafts, Kristine (2013). 4886: 4884: 3699:when I look at them from a point of view of 3522:Praelectiones in ordines naturales plantarum 2743:), the fundamental principle remains sound. 2532:being simultaneously released in Stockholm. 1821: 1434:. Nevertheless, Linnaeus applauded Miller's 1426:, preferring instead the classifications of 1117:(1736), Linnaeus's first botanical monograph 964:, the latter a main part of the diet of the 12096:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences 10187:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom 8555: 8539:. Philadelphia: Christopher Sower Company. 7821:. Mercer University Press. pp. 35–70. 7482:Upsala, Palmblad & C, 1823 p. 123 7403: 7401: 7221: 5751: 5701: 5629: 5198:. California: Soyinfo Center. p. 222. 4793: 4158: 4156: 4154: 3628: 3590: 3588: 3002: 2960:("caveman") and published a third in 1771: 2946: 2912: 2906:as well as giving humans the full binomial 2888: 2830: 2788: 2657: 2649: 2520: 2510: 2500: 2490: 2480: 2470: 2462: 2446: 2430: 2414: 2399: 2391: 2375: 2297: 2273: 1918: 1899: 1883: 1649: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1614: 1490: 1488:His work at Hartekamp led to another book, 1475: 1461: 1416: 1355: 1316: 1308: 1300: 1279: 1260: 1213:, in which he laid out his hypothesis that 1081: 1042: 1030: 1006: 993: 860: 846: 836: 816: 794:In August 1728, Linnaeus decided to attend 784: 754: 600:patch of earth where he could grow plants. 486: 452: 421: 409: 11301: 11287: 11101:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question 10330: 10316: 9656: 9642: 9509: 9495: 8971: 8957: 8369:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 7349: 6083:"A Living Bond between Idrija and Uppsala" 6052:"A Living Bond between Idrija and Uppsala" 5866: 5796: 5497: 5192:Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2015). 5025: 5015: 5013: 4920: 4595: 4397: 4395: 4286: 4284: 4123: 4121: 4037: 4035: 4033: 3606:he was born on 12 May. (Blunt 2004, p. 12) 3594:Carl Linnaeus was born in 1707 on 13 May ( 3477:: Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich. 1699:, or chief physician, by the Swedish king 1512:about a month, visiting botanists such as 12141:Swedish expatriates in the Dutch Republic 12091:Members of the French Academy of Sciences 11125:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century 8854:Oratio de telluris habitabilis incremento 8581:. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. 8405:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). JHU Press. 8399:Wilson, Don E.; DeeAnn M. Reeder (2005). 8349:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7981:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7561: 7551: 7533: 7196: 7181:The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900 6129: 5992:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. v. 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5372: 5062: 5052: 4881: 4071: 3782:(four-handed, i.e. apes and monkeys) and 3640: 2873:began in earnest with the publication of 2707:genus), which were divided into species ( 2444: 1536:, where he entered into an engagement to 744:. In 1727, Linnaeus, age 21, enrolled in 9838:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes 8722:at the Department of Systematic Botany, 8650:Sverker Sörlin; Otto Fagerstedt (2004). 7398: 5677: 4515:. Little, Brown, and Company. p. 43 4151: 4053: 3609: 3585: 3511: 3490:A System of Vegetables 2 vols. 1783–1785 3411:. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. 3401: 3387: 3097: 3077: 2926: 2823: 2642: 2539: 2249: 2161: 2097: 2078: 2013: 1865: 1794: 1754: 1746: 1566: 1523: 1151: 1120: 1106: 1094: 1074: 913: 895:Carl Linnaeus in Laponian costume (1737) 890: 876: 774: 720: 637: 543: 8848:University and State Library Düsseldorf 8839:University and State Library Düsseldorf 8476: 8447: 8248:. Methuen Publishing. pp. 175–243. 7800:. Amsterdam: Elzevier. pp. 1–226. 7725:Carl Linnaeus: Father of Classification 7584: 6699:The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku 6002: 5086:Linnaeus's thesis on the ague (malaria) 5010: 4457: 4441:. Oxford University Press, US. Pg. 29. 4437:Gribbin, M., & Gribbin, J. (2008). 4392: 4281: 4204: 4118: 4030: 2508:: all were printed in Holland (as were 1771: 14: 12176:Taxon authorities of Hypericum species 12081:Knights of the Order of the Polar Star 11983: 10716:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 9469: 8671:Het Landgoed de Hartekamp in Heemstede 8668: 8609: 8585: 7318: 7272: 6845:from the original on 27 September 2011 6624: 6401: 6249:from the original on 27 September 2011 5387: 5218: 4807:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 8. 4129:"What people have said about Linnaeus" 3464:(1774). Murray, Johann Andreas (ed.). 3269:Scientific racism § Carl Linnaeus 3135:since 1888. Following approval by the 3082:Statue on University of Chicago campus 2727:between order and genus and a rank of 2373: 1695:In 1747, Linnaeus was given the title 975:, making major inland incursions from 708:and botany. Nils accepted this offer. 11282: 10311: 9637: 9490: 8952: 8864:(1744) – full digital facsimile from 8094:. Harvard: Harvard University Press. 8043:Gribbin, Mary; Gribbin, John (2008). 8018: 7657: 7636: 7422:. Linnaeus University. Archived from 6876:from the original on 27 February 2009 6563: 6460: 6448: 6080: 5605:from the original on 25 November 2021 5409:. Swedish Museum of Natural History. 4802: 4508: 3930: 3913: 3481: 3460: 3195:, which was published by his student 2952:based on a figure and description by 2782:Linnaeus classified humans among the 2638: 2232: 2178:(centre) on his journey to Australia. 1928:version of 'Linnæus', and the German 1647:was a strictly botanical book, while 1071:Years in the Dutch Republic (1735–38) 918:Wearing the traditional dress of the 711: 589:of Stenbrohult, Samuel Brodersonius. 12046:Academic staff of Uppsala University 8933:tree at the University of Harderwijk 7924: 7728:. United States: Enslow Publishers. 7678:from the original on 20 January 2021 7658:Gould, Stephen Jay (November 1994). 7597:from the original on 2 February 2016 7460:from the original on 20 October 2021 5843:from the original on 4 November 2013 5598:Carl von Linnés resa till Skåne 1749 4338:from the original on 3 February 2016 4174:from the original on 7 February 2021 4135:. Uppsala University. Archived from 2902:, the latter of which would replace 2786:beginning with the first edition of 2194:on his expedition to Oceania on the 2120: 1833: 1586: 909:Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala 555:Linnaeus was born in the village of 11268:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness 10065:The Naturalist on the River Amazons 9663: 8835:Digital edition: "Critica Botanica" 8347:Algae: An Introduction to Phycology 8051:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4239:. International Plant Names Index. 3415:from the original on 21 August 2020 3147:merged on 1 January 2010 to become 3051:. Additionally, Linnaeus created a 2763:) taxonomically grouped with apes ( 2575:(in 1745), Erik Petreus (in 1746), 2412: 1552:of the academy by drawing of lots. 1519: 1246:That summer Linnaeus reunited with 24: 9431:Linnean Society of New South Wales 8440: 7352:"Who is the type of Homo sapiens?" 6864:Carl Linnaeus (25 February 1747). 4267:American Museum of Natural History 4106:from the original on 28 March 2023 3525:. Hamburg: Benj. Gottl. Hoffmanni. 2599:In 1784 the young medical student 2551:(1899), outside the Palm House at 2336:section separately in 1774 as the 2243: 1751:Summer home at his Hammarby estate 1663:had created the temperature scale 1277:, the manuscript was published as 814:In 1729, Linnaeus wrote a thesis, 725:Statue as a university student in 633: 25: 12202: 11173:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 11093:The Outline of History of Mankind 8978: 8806:Linnaeus's Disciples and Apostles 8708: 8496: 8419: 8287:Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics 8132:. In Muehlenbein, Michael (ed.). 8130:"Ten facts about human variation" 7918:Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy 7848:. Uppsala: Almquist and Wiksell. 7804:from the original on 21 July 2017 7767:Linnaeus: the compleat naturalist 7746:Linnaeus: the compleat naturalist 6993:C. E. Hoppius, "Anthropomorpha", 6841:. St. Petersburg, Russia. L0759. 6625:Wallin, Lars (14 February 2001). 6436: 6418:from the original on 3 April 2019 6093:from the original on 20 June 2012 6062:from the original on 20 June 2012 6049: 5261:. 17 January 2013. Archived from 4368:from the original on 6 April 2019 3616:ICZN Chapter 16, Article 72.4.1.1 3448:from the original on 6 March 2016 3368:from the original on 19 June 2018 3326:from the original on 19 June 2018 3303:Selected publications by Linnaeus 3179:, and the cobalt sulfide mineral 3175:on the Earth's moon, a street in 3047:and provided the foundations for 2828:Detail from the sixth edition of 2746: 2629:Swedish Museum of Natural History 2625:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1924:), 'Linné' being a shortened and 1788: 1226:), he did correctly predict that 12106:People from Älmhult Municipality 11965: 11964: 11684:Mammalian anatomy and morphology 11141:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics 10255: 9468: 9459: 9458: 9130: 8911:definition of the order Primates 8731:at The Linnean Society of London 8543:from the original on 8 July 2017 8221:Simpson, George Gaylord (1961). 7894:. Stockholm: Swedish Institute. 7872:Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek 7862: 7835: 7690: 7651: 7642: 7630: 7618: 7609: 7585:Tamblyn, Thomas (12 June 2014). 7578: 7509: 7489: 7472: 7438: 7412: 7386: 7374: 7350:Notton, David; Stringer, Chris. 7343: 7312: 7266: 7260: 7246: 7234:from the original on 4 June 2023 7215: 7172: 7156: 7132: 7116: 7097: 7081: 7065: 7049: 7037: 7014: 7002: 6987: 6971: 6955: 6943: 6927: 6911: 6900: 6857: 6823: 6807: 6791: 6779: 6763: 6754: 6742: 6715: 6690: 6655: 6627:"Catalogue of type specimens. 4" 6618: 6606: 6557: 6532: 6498: 6482: 6466: 6430: 6395: 6384: 6372: 6360: 6348: 6336: 6324: 6312: 6285: 6273: 6261: 6231: 6219: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6144: 6120: 6105: 6089:. Slovene Emigrant Association. 6074: 6043: 6031:Uppsala University, Linné Online 6024: 5996: 5977: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5893: 5881: 5855: 5815: 5745: 5710: 5695: 5683: 5656: 5644: 5617: 5584: 5572: 5560: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5512: 4243:from the original on 14 May 2019 3842: 3764: 3749: 3720: 3676: 3659: 3093: 2894:introduced new terms, including 1671: 1546:Royal Swedish Academy of Science 1343: 1334: 1182:On the way, the pair stopped in 818:Praeludia Sponsaliorum Plantarum 786:Praeludia Sponsaliorum Plantarum 370: 68: 12186:University of Harderwijk alumni 12036:18th-century Swedish zoologists 12026:18th-century Swedish physicians 10297:List of natural history dealers 9965:The Natural History of Selborne 8777:Works by or about Carl Linnaeus 8379: 8332:. London: Library of Congress. 8329:The life of Sir Charles Linnæus 8028:. New York: W W Norton and Co. 7698:International Plant Names Index 7252: 6866:"Letter to Johann Georg Gmelin" 5485: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5413:from the original on 3 May 2007 5360: 5349: 5337: 5325: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5247: 5212: 5185: 5173: 5161: 5134: 5122: 5110: 5098: 5079: 4998: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4935: 4908: 4896: 4869: 4857: 4845: 4833: 4821: 4781: 4769: 4757: 4730: 4718: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4583: 4571: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4451: 4431: 4419: 4407: 4380: 4350: 4320: 4308: 4296: 4255: 4225: 4198: 4186: 3946: 3364:. Leiden: Haak. pp. 1–12. 3322:. Leiden: Haak. pp. 1–12. 3074:Influences and economic beliefs 2981:has since been reclassified as 2154:had been brought back by Kalm. 1560:. Two years later, a daughter, 492:(Prince of Botanists) and "The 242: 12076:Historical definitions of race 12016:18th-century Swedish botanists 11133:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples 10339:Historical definitions of race 10199:Adaptive Coloration in Animals 8688:Lars Hansen, ed. (2007–2011). 8424:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 8420:Windelspecht, Michael (2002). 8246:Readings in early Anthropology 8070:. Princeton University Press. 7959:Linnaeus, the man and his work 7955: 7742: 7722:Anderson, Margaret J. (1997). 7222:Charmantier, Isabelle (2020). 7071: 7055: 6977: 6961: 6933: 6917: 6813: 6797: 6225: 6081:Soban, Branko (January 2005). 5984:Jardine, William, ed. (1865). 5754:The American Historical Review 5366: 5283: 5128: 5019: 4977: 4953: 4941: 4863: 4827: 4787: 4751: 4088: 4047: 4012: 3988: 3921: 3834: 3703:. Man is the animal which the 3682: 3111:Commemoration of Carl Linnaeus 3062:designated Linnaeus to be the 2871:creation–evolution controversy 2604:not sent and were later lost. 2535: 2190:. With Banks, Solander joined 2030:American Philosophical Society 2009: 1861: 1139:, one of the directors of the 472:wrote: "With the exception of 13: 1: 12041:18th-century writers in Latin 12021:18th-century Swedish nobility 11157:The Passing of the Great Race 9365:including the Linnaeus Museum 9297:Elisabeth Christina von Linné 8830:Biodiversity Heritage Library 8786:The Linnean Society of London 8225:Principles of Animal Taxonomy 7721: 6585:10.1016/S0160-9327(99)01212-0 6342: 6330: 6291: 6213: 5167: 5140: 5104: 4992: 4851: 4839: 4775: 4763: 4263:"Type Specimens: An Overview" 3598:) or 23 May according to the 3573: 3186: 2753:Human taxonomy § History 2647:Table of the Animal Kingdom ( 2627:, and is today housed in the 2571:(in 1744–1745), crown-prince 1881:Since the initial release of 1705:Academy of Sciences in Berlin 1608:Öländska och Gothländska Resa 1477:Corollarium Generum Plantarum 1028:who attributed Linnaeus with 946:he found great quantities of 528: 352:Author abbrev. (zoology) 12071:Fellows of the Royal Society 12066:Burials at Uppsala Cathedral 12031:18th-century Swedish writers 11056:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer 8591:Comparative Critical Studies 8303: 8252: 8243: 8220: 8173: 8150: 8084: 8042: 7886: 7878:(1–2): 29–43. Archived from 7816: 7784: 7553:10.1371/journal.pone.0114825 7407: 7392: 7380: 7142: 7122: 7020: 6786:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 6785: 6748: 6721: 6661:Examples are evident in the 6504: 6279: 6198: 6187:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 6186: 6174: 5948:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 5947: 5876:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 5875: 5861: 5651:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 5650: 5638: 5542: 5506: 5492:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 5491: 5467: 5455: 5381: 4902: 4890: 4413: 4314: 4233:"Linnaeus, Carl (1707–1778)" 4192: 3981: 3968:(2017 publication); Linnæus 3774:in the first edition of his 3739: 3736:Gribbin & Gribbin (2008) 3735: 3274:Standard author abbreviation 2174:(left, sitting) accompanied 1830:for the class of organisms. 1743:Rector of Uppsala University 1469:, in which he described 935 1147: 1079:The Hamburg Hydra, from the 1026:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle 869:Rudbeck's former assistant, 533: 503:In botany, the abbreviation 342:Author abbrev. (botany) 7: 12006:18th-century lexicographers 11308: 10771:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt 10736:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 10686:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 9955:Bernard Germain de Lacépède 8398: 8380:Willoughby, Pamela (2007). 8363: 8325: 8201: 8113:. Oxford University Press. 8108: 8091:Linnaeus: Nature and Nation 8065: 7995: 7770:. London: Frances Lincoln. 7749:. London: Frances Lincoln. 7162: 7138: 7087: 6772:The Book of Popular Science 6685:Reveal & Pringle (1993) 6684: 6243:The Linnaeus Correspondence 6162: 6112:Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio. 5887: 5739:Linnaeus: Nature and Nation 5578: 5530: 5479: 5443: 5431: 5355: 5343: 5331: 5319: 5295: 5179: 5095:, 2008, Uppsala University. 4965: 4929: 4914: 4712: 4676: 4664: 4640: 4616: 4577: 4545: 4496: 4302: 3772:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 3755:"antropomorphon" [ 3531: 2996:Race (human categorization) 2354:Lichfield Botanical Society 2288:—to track classifications. 2068: 1612:, written in Swedish. Like 1428:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort 1236:) would become a source of 10: 12207: 12061:Botanists active in Europe 9977:A History of British Birds 9436:Linnean Tercentenary Medal 8811:The Linnaean Dissertations 8801:The Linnean Correspondence 8575:Edmund Otis Hovey (1908). 8533:Edward Lee Greene (1912). 8475:512 pages. Original book: 8281: 8134:Human Evolutionary Biology 8127: 7976: 7908: 7763: 7714: 7454:Plants of the World Online 7150: 7088:Wilson & Reeder (2005) 7043: 7008: 6949: 6872:. Uppsala, Sweden. L0783. 6870:The Linnean Correspondence 6839:The Linnean Correspondence 6737:Davis & Heywood (1973) 6736: 6612: 6472: 6390: 6378: 6366: 6354: 6318: 6306: 6267: 6150: 6138: 6040:, English language version 5971: 5959: 5935: 5923: 5911: 5899: 5805: 5689: 5662: 5623: 5566: 5554: 5518: 5231:(1): 27–34. Archived from 5225:The Great Basin Naturalist 5155: 5116: 5004: 4875: 4803:Black, David, ed. (1979). 4736: 4724: 4700: 4688: 4652: 4628: 4604: 4589: 4533: 4484: 4425: 4401: 4386: 4290: 4041: 4024:Oxford Dictionaries Online 3496: 3433: 3357: 3338: 3315: 3309:Carl Linnaeus bibliography 3306: 3266: 3108: 2993: 2975:Swedish East India Company 2805:Johan Gottschalk Wallerius 2750: 2741:evolutionary relationships 2668: 2655:) from the 1st edition of 2454: 2422: 2383: 2264: 2239:Carl Linnaeus bibliography 2236: 2158:Cook expeditions and Japan 2127:Swedish East India Company 2072: 1839: 1406:, as well as to visit the 1389:Natural History of Jamaica 1190:remains of a seven-headed 880: 770: 537: 470:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 430:Linnaeus was the son of a 40: 29: 12191:Uppsala University alumni 12011:18th-century male writers 11960: 11934: 11871: 11846: 11754: 11745: 11672: 11622: 11609: 11535: 11329: 11316: 11215: 11074: 10866:Georges Vacher de Lapouge 10643: 10541: 10397: 10354: 10345: 10292:Natural History Societies 10264: 10253: 10169: 10160:The Royal Natural History 10012:Ornithological Dictionary 9999: 9921:Johan Christian Fabricius 9847: 9753: 9680: 9671: 9610: 9530: 9454: 9421:Linnean Society of London 9341: 9291:Carl Linnaeus the Younger 9279: 9206: 9159:(Linnaean classification) 9139: 9128: 9112:Mantissa Plantarum Altera 8986: 8877:Linnaeus was depicted by 8821:The Linnaeus Tercentenary 8635:10.1007/s11191-014-9677-y 8522:Brightwell, C.L. (1858). 8344: 8109:Loring Brace, C. (2005). 7998:"The evolution of floras" 7934:. Cambridge: Icon Books. 6835:"Letter to Carl Linnaeus" 6488: 5601:(in Swedish). Stockholm. 5219:Tanner, Vasco M. (1959). 4458:Thomson, Thomas (2011) . 3776:Manual of Natural History 3482:Linné, Carl von (1785) . 3121:Linnean Society of London 2956:from a 1658 publication: 2682:scientific classification 2589:country house at Hammarby 2060:Linnean Society of London 2023:Carl Linnaeus the Younger 1710: 824:plant sexual reproduction 596:from the curate's house. 369: 364: 360: 350: 340: 319: 301: 293: 267: 260: 252: 224: 203: 177: 136: 117: 92: 67: 60: 51:Linnaeus (disambiguation) 32:Carl Linnaeus the Younger 11238:History of anthropometry 11006:Charles Gabriel Seligman 10831:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman 10519:Sinodonty and Sundadonty 10138:The Naturalist's Library 10041:On the Origin of Species 9426:Swedish Linnaeus Society 8603:10.3366/ccs.2005.2.2.191 8528:. London: J. Van Voorst. 8477:Broberg, Gunnar (2019). 8128:Marks, Jonathan (2010). 8066:Keevak, Michael (2011). 7189:10.1057/9781137338211_10 5737:Koerner, Lisbet (2009). 5054:10.1186/1475-2875-12-232 4564:24 February 2021 at the 4509:Caddy, Florence (1887). 4060:Croatian Medical Journal 3952:Examples of uses of the 3932:[ˈkɑːɭfɔnlɪˈneː] 3646:"If this is not Helen's 3578: 3497:Linné, Carl von (1771). 3177:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3000:In the first edition of 2876:On the Origin of Species 2842:with a division between 1974:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli 1912:in 1757, but he was not 1579:and expand), botany and 1542:Count Carl Gustav Tessin 1441:The Gardeners Dictionary 1374:Dutch East India Company 1271:Johan Frederik Gronovius 1173:University of Harderwijk 856:Uppsala Botanical Garden 801:Olof Rudbeck the Younger 438:, in the countryside of 195:University of Harderwijk 30:Not to be confused with 12121:Swedish autobiographers 11397:Biological anthropology 10696:Daniel Garrison Brinton 10272:Natural history museums 9874:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 9168:Zoological nomenclature 8917:2 December 2010 at the 8887:Good ol' Charlie Darwin 8860:29 October 2020 at the 8826:Works by Carl von Linné 8796:The Linnean Collections 8768:Works by Carl von Linné 8652:Linné och hans apostlar 8627:2014Sc&Ed..23..673G 8615:Science & Education 7764:Blunt, Wilfrid (2004). 7743:Blunt, Wilfrid (2001). 7478:Afzelius A., Linné C., 6668:18 October 2019 at the 6525:27 October 2012 at the 6036:23 January 2012 at the 5986:"Anecdotes of Linnaeus" 5706:. Springer. p. 12. 5591:Linnaeus, Carl (1751). 4100:Encyclopædia Britannica 3915:[ˈkɑːɭlɪˈněːɵs] 3539:Linnaeus's flower clock 3434:Linnaeus, Carl (1758). 3358:Linnaeus, Carl (1735). 3316:Linnaeus, Carl (1735). 3032:and later inclusion of 2769:), under the header of 2688:. A previous zoologist 2684:now widely used in the 2549:Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud 2346:Johann Friedrich Gmelin 1940:prominently features a 1895:zoological nomenclature 1856:Order of the Polar Star 1012:Linnaeus's ideas about 948:Campanula serpyllifolia 752:. He was registered as 716: 332:Johann Friedrich Gmelin 12161:Swedish ornithologists 12116:Swedish arachnologists 12056:Botanical nomenclature 11041:Thomas Griffith Taylor 10796:Reginald Ruggles Gates 10124:William Jackson Hooker 10072:Alexander von Humboldt 9989:Philosophie zoologique 9772:Pinax theatri botanici 9178:Taxa named by Linnaeus 9163:Botanical nomenclature 8749:Natural History Museum 8204:Flora of North America 7660:"The Geometer of Race" 6996:Amoenitates Academicae 6636:(6): 4. Archived from 6404:"Information Overload" 6402:Everts, Sarah (2016). 5717:Carl Linnaeus (1752). 5091:12 August 2014 at the 4170:. Uppsala University. 3928:Swedish pronunciation: 3825: 3229: 3206: 3106: 3083: 3003: 2947: 2937: 2913: 2889: 2850: 2831: 2822: 2789: 2699:, starting with three 2666: 2658: 2650: 2559: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2491: 2481: 2471: 2463: 2447: 2431: 2415: 2400: 2392: 2376: 2358:A System of Vegetables 2298: 2274: 2262: 2179: 2106: 2095: 2025: 1970:Catherine II of Russia 1962:Famam extendere factis 1919: 1900: 1884: 1874: 1852:botanical nomenclature 1822: 1804: 1764: 1752: 1734: 1683: 1650: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1615: 1607: 1575: 1548:; he became the first 1529: 1491: 1481:, with another sixty ( 1476: 1462: 1449:Johann Jacob Dillenius 1417: 1356: 1317: 1309: 1301: 1280: 1261: 1157: 1144: 1118: 1104: 1092: 1082: 1043: 1031: 1007: 994: 935: 896: 861: 847: 837: 817: 791: 785: 755: 733: 650: 618: 552: 487: 453: 422: 410: 12136:Swedish entomologists 12051:Age of Liberty people 11926:Alfred Russel Wallace 11836:Water vascular system 11181:Annihilation of Caste 11085:in Different Climates 11036:William Graham Sumner 11016:Samuel Stanhope Smith 10961:James Cowles Prichard 10593:Racial discrimination 10210:The Study of Instinct 10149:Kunstformen der Natur 10053:The Malay Archipelago 10048:Alfred Russel Wallace 9984:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 9173:Binomial nomenclature 8994:Linnaeus bibliography 8791:The Linnaeus Apostles 8724:University of Uppsala 8367:(1897). "Nepenthes". 8025:The Mismeasure of Man 7996:Frodin, D.G. (2001). 4805:Carl Linnaeus Travels 4054:Calisher, CH (2007). 4001:CollinsDictionary.com 3805: 3567:Scientific revolution 3517:Giseke, Paul Dietrich 3507:on 30 September 2011. 3219: 3201: 3101: 3081: 2930: 2827: 2817: 2646: 2543: 2348:. It was through the 2311:binomial nomenclature 2271:The first edition of 2253: 2165: 2150:species described in 2111:many devoted students 2101: 2082: 2017: 1869: 1798: 1758: 1750: 1570: 1527: 1424:binomial nomenclature 1408:Chelsea Physic Garden 1155: 1133:Georg Dionysius Ehret 1124: 1110: 1098: 1078: 917: 894: 883:Expedition to Lapland 877:Expedition to Lapland 778: 724: 641: 547: 466:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 401:binomial nomenclature 211:Binomial nomenclature 162:59.85806°N 17.63333°E 47:Linn (disambiguation) 12166:Swedish phycologists 12151:Swedish mammalogists 11787:Cellular respiration 11233:Great chain of being 10951:Ludwig Hermann Plate 10916:Samuel George Morton 10731:Samuel A. Cartwright 10581:in the United States 10129:Joseph Dalton Hooker 10082:The Birds of America 9303:Students of Linnaeus 9208:Apostles of Linnaeus 9120:Systema Vegetabilium 9088:Philosophia Botanica 9056:Hortus Cliffortianus 9016:Bibliotheca Botanica 8556:Lys de Bray (2001). 7496:Andrew Dickson White 7290:10.2307/sysbio/8.1.4 7110:24 June 2020 at the 7030:21 July 2017 at the 6833:(30 December 1746). 6564:White, Paul (1999). 4362:FamousScientists.org 3971:(AnimalBase); Linné 3562:History of phycology 3380:Linnaeus, Carl 1846 3209:Andrew Dickson White 3102:1907 celebration in 2964:. Swedish historian 2855:great chain of being 2676:became known as the 2617:King Gustav IV Adolf 2503:Bibliotheca Botanica 2464:Philosophia Botanica 2457:Philosophia Botanica 2448:Philosophia Botanica 2409:as it exists today. 2350:Systema Vegetabilium 2338:Systema Vegetabilium 2330:Johan Andreas Murray 2075:Apostles of Linnaeus 1897:, the equivalent of 1781:Philosophia Botanica 1773:Philosophia Botanica 1538:Sara Elisabeth Moræa 1493:Hortus Cliffortianus 1436:Gardeners Dictionary 1397:Hortus Cliffortianus 1372:, a director of the 1358:Hortus Cliffortianus 1318:Bibliotheca Botanica 1302:Thesaurus Zeylanicus 1128:Hortus Cliffortianus 488:Princeps botanicorum 415:and, after his 1761 231:Sara Elisabeth Moræa 12171:Swedish taxonomists 12156:Swedish mycologists 12131:Swedish bryologists 11952:Timeline of zoology 11881:Karl Ernst von Baer 11782:Respiratory pigment 11657:Mineralized tissues 11189:The Races of Europe 11117:The Races of Europe 10896:Dominick McCausland 10846:Thomas Henry Huxley 10791:Stanley Marion Garn 10671:Robert Bennett Bean 10399:Historical concepts 10177:Martinus Beijerinck 9720:De Natura Animalium 9401:Linnaeus's Hammarby 9396:Linnaeus University 9333:George Clifford III 9271:Carl Peter Thunberg 9104:Centuria Insectorum 9008:Fundamenta Botanica 8894:15 March 2007 issue 8183:National Geographic 7882:on 12 January 2013. 7544:2015PLoSO..1014825E 7228:The Linnean Society 7224:"Linnaeus and Race" 7139:Loring Brace (2005) 6893:4 July 2011 at the 6831:Johann Georg Gmelin 6687:, pp. 160–161. 6437:Windelspecht (2002) 4164:"Linnaeus deceased" 4019:"Linnaeus, Carolus" 3956:for the taxon name 3621:8 June 2011 at the 3602:. According to the 3551:Centuria Insectorum 3281:author abbreviation 3149:Linnaeus University 3018:classical antiquity 2973:Linnaeus asked the 2813:Johann Georg Gmelin 2809:Jacob Theodor Klein 2775:. German biologist 2686:biological sciences 2613:Queen Lovisa Ulrika 2473:Fundamenta Botanica 2215:Carl Peter Thunberg 2092:apostle of Linnaeus 2084:Carl Peter Thunberg 2021:of him and his son 1846:Linnaeus published 1778:Linnaeus published 1729:Ramlösa mineral spa 1562:Elisabeth Christina 1370:George Clifford III 1310:Fundamenta Botanica 1252:canals of Amsterdam 1200:Beast of Revelation 1137:George Clifford III 158: / 12126:Swedish biologists 11767:Respiratory system 11755:General physiology 11652:Connective tissues 11061:Alexander Winchell 10991:Henric Sanielevici 10851:Calvin Ira Kephart 10821:Hans F. K. Günther 10806:Arthur de Gobineau 10706:Alice Mossie Brues 10603:Racial stereotypes 10282:Parson-naturalists 10114:Philip Henry Gosse 10077:John James Audubon 10060:Henry Walter Bates 9948:Histoire Naturelle 9936:Historia Plantarum 9824:Avium Praecipuarum 9808:Historia animalium 9709:Historia Plantarum 9697:History of Animals 9391:Linnaeus Arboretum 9188:History of biology 9152:Linnaean Herbarium 9147:Taxonomy (biology) 8866:Linda Hall Library 8745:biographical video 8525:A Life of Linnaeus 8509:on 22 January 2024 8384:. AltaMira Press. 8020:Gould, Stephen Jay 7868:"The Dragonslayer" 7666:. pp. 65–69. 7426:on 7 February 2019 7278:Systematic Zoology 6886:Also available as 6643:on 27 October 2012 5405:Louise Petrusson. 5265:on 2 February 2017 4328:"Nicolaus Linnæus" 4269:. 26 February 2015 3801:The Descent of Man 3600:Gregorian calendar 3127:for excellence in 3107: 3084: 2938: 2851: 2836:(1748) describing 2667: 2639:System of taxonomy 2621:King Adolf Fredrik 2601:James Edward Smith 2560: 2407:plant nomenclature 2263: 2254:Title page of the 2233:Major publications 2180: 2107: 2096: 2062:five years later. 2056:James Edward Smith 2026: 1930:nobiliary particle 1875: 1805: 1765: 1753: 1576: 1530: 1514:Antoine de Jussieu 1158: 1145: 1119: 1105: 1093: 936: 897: 796:Uppsala University 792: 742:Sébastien Vaillant 734: 712:University studies 651: 609:University of Lund 553: 448:Uppsala University 297:Uppsala University 190:Uppsala University 167:59.85806; 17.63333 43:L (disambiguation) 12146:Swedish Lutherans 11978: 11977: 11921:Jakob von Uexküll 11867: 11866: 11854:Insect physiology 11747:Animal physiology 11741: 11740: 11733:Insect morphology 11664:Molecular anatomy 11637:Epithelial tissue 11615:Animal morphology 11276: 11275: 11205:The Race Question 11051:John H. Van Evrie 10976:William Z. Ripley 10946:Charles Pickering 10891:Felix von Luschan 10861:Robert E. Kuttner 10761:Charles Davenport 10630:Whiteness studies 10356:Color terminology 10348:Scientific racism 10305: 10304: 10251: 10250: 9869:Marcello Malpighi 9763:Ulisse Aldrovandi 9743:De Materia Medica 9631: 9630: 9623:Animalia Paradoxa 9484: 9483: 9446:Linneus, Missouri 9198:Scientific racism 9193:History of botany 9157:Linnaean taxonomy 9096:Species Plantarum 9064:Classes Plantarum 9024:Musa Cliffortiana 8816:Linnean Herbarium 8772:Project Gutenberg 8699:978-1-904145-26-4 8680:978-90-70712-01-3 8661:978-91-27-35590-3 8567:978-1-86160-425-5 8431:978-0-313-31501-5 8412:978-0-8018-8221-0 8391:978-0-7591-0119-7 8356:978-0-521-30419-1 8318:978-90-6046-064-1 8305:Stafleu, Frans A. 8296:978-0-521-42785-2 8213:978-0-19-505713-3 8143:978-0-521-87948-4 8120:978-0-19-517351-2 8101:978-0-674-09745-2 8077:978-0-691-14031-5 8058:978-0-19-956182-7 8035:978-0-393-01489-1 8011:978-0-521-79077-2 7988:978-1-108-03723-5 7969:978-0-7112-1841-3 7941:978-1-84046-444-3 7901:978-91-520-0912-3 7828:978-0-88146-076-6 7777:978-0-7112-2362-2 7756:978-0-7112-1841-3 7735:978-0-89490-786-9 7323:Linnaeus, 1758". 7253:Willoughby (2007) 7208:978-1-349-46395-4 6907:Genesis 1:26–1:27 6751:, pp. 56–57. 6724:, pp. 16–19. 6708:978-962-593-076-3 6594:on 13 August 2017 5836:978-3-87429-425-6 5741:. pp. 69–70. 5205:978-1-928914-80-8 4814:978-0-684-15976-8 4471:978-1-108-02815-8 3974:(Titan database). 3667:Species Plantarum 3557:History of botany 3428:Species Plantarum 3262:scientific racism 3257:(in that order). 3231:The mathematical 3137:Riksdag of Sweden 3053:wastebasket taxon 3049:scientific racism 3014:four temperaments 2678:Linnaean taxonomy 2671:Linnaean taxonomy 2493:Classes Plantarum 2397:(or, more fully, 2393:Species Plantarum 2386:Species Plantarum 2377:Species Plantarum 2334:Regnum Vegetabile 2306:Physalis angulata 2152:Species Plantarum 2121:Early expeditions 2115:William T. Stearn 2090:physician and an 2045:Uppsala Cathedral 1982:Duchy of Carniola 1948:in his honour by 1901:Species Plantarum 1848:Species Plantarum 1842:Species Plantarum 1835:Species Plantarum 1725:Swedish whitebeam 1587:Öland and Gotland 1386:Sir Hans Sloane's 1114:Musa Cliffortiana 950:, later known as 930:, later known as 911:for his journey. 862:Adonis Uplandicus 482:August Strindberg 378: 377: 262:Scientific career 141:Uppsala Cathedral 16:(Redirected from 12198: 11968: 11967: 11896:Jean-Henri Fabre 11752: 11751: 11620: 11619: 11303: 11296: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11084: 11031:Lothrop Stoddard 11026:Morris Steggerda 11001:Ilse Schwidetzky 10996:Heinrich Schmidt 10981:Alfred Rosenberg 10941:Isaac La Peyrère 10746:Carleton S. Coon 10721:Charles Caldwell 10676:François Bernier 10559:in Latin America 10332: 10325: 10318: 10309: 10308: 10259: 10232:The Dancing Bees 10156:Richard Lydekker 10104:Jean-Henri Fabre 10089:William Buckland 9894:Regnier de Graaf 9788:Andrea Cesalpino 9678: 9677: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9635: 9634: 9511: 9504: 9497: 9488: 9487: 9472: 9471: 9462: 9461: 9351:Expedition Linné 9323:Herman Boerhaave 9226:Johan Peter Falk 9134: 9048:Genera Plantarum 9032:Critica Botanica 8973: 8966: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8781:Internet Archive 8747:from the London 8703: 8684: 8665: 8646: 8606: 8582: 8571: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8536:Carolus Linnaeus 8529: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8492: 8474: 8435: 8416: 8395: 8376: 8360: 8341: 8322: 8300: 8278: 8249: 8240: 8228: 8217: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8189:on 15 April 2010 8185:. Archived from 8179:"The Name Giver" 8170: 8169:on 17 July 2011. 8168: 8157: 8147: 8124: 8105: 8081: 8062: 8050: 8039: 8015: 7992: 7973: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7921: 7905: 7883: 7859: 7832: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7781: 7760: 7739: 7708: 7707: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7655: 7649: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7565: 7555: 7537: 7513: 7507: 7493: 7487: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7416: 7410: 7405: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7358:. 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Archived from 6570: 6561: 6555: 6552: 6543: 6536: 6530: 6520:Wallin, L. 2001. 6517: 6508: 6502: 6496: 6486: 6480: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6399: 6393: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6127: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6047: 6041: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5864: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5819: 5813: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5402: 5385: 5379: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5235:on 10 March 2016 5216: 5210: 5209: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5066: 5056: 5032: 5023: 5017: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4800: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4455: 4449: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4160: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4028: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3992: 3975: 3950: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3838: 3826: 3768: 3762: 3753: 3747: 3724: 3718: 3715:books.google.com 3693:characteristic: 3680: 3674: 3663: 3657: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3613: 3607: 3596:Swedish calendar 3592: 3526: 3508: 3493: 3478: 3472: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3398: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3354: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3299: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3141:Växjö University 3123:has awarded the 3040:traits cemented 3006: 2971:Homo troglodytes 2958:Homo troglodytes 2950: 2916: 2892: 2834: 2792: 2697:nested hierarchy 2680:; the system of 2663: 2653: 2526: 2516: 2513:Genera Plantarum 2506: 2496: 2486: 2483:Critica Botanica 2476: 2466: 2450: 2434: 2425:Genera Plantarum 2418: 2416:Genera Plantarum 2403: 2395: 2379: 2301: 2277: 2256:10th edition of 2204:followed on the 2170:(far left) with 2002:, the source of 1946:Linnaea borealis 1922: 1903: 1887: 1825: 1737: 1686: 1653: 1645: 1637: 1629: 1618: 1610: 1528:Wedding portrait 1520:Return to Sweden 1496: 1479: 1467: 1464:Genera Plantarum 1453:Critica Botanica 1420: 1410:and its keeper, 1361: 1353:Leaf forms from 1347: 1338: 1320: 1312: 1304: 1292:Herman Boerhaave 1285: 1264: 1085: 1053:flash of insight 1046: 1034: 1010: 999: 953:Linnaea borealis 932:Linnaea borealis 864: 852: 849:Critica Botanica 842: 839:Genera Plantarum 820: 788: 758: 621: 615:(or lime tree), 515:for the species 490: 458: 434:and was born in 425: 413: 391:, was a Swedish 374: 320:Notable students 315: 246: 244: 173: 172: 170: 169: 168: 163: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 124: 102: 100: 85:Gripsholm Castle 83:(oil on canvas, 79:Alexander Roslin 72: 58: 57: 21: 12206: 12205: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12195: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11956: 11930: 11863: 11859:Fish physiology 11842: 11794:Vascular system 11737: 11675: 11668: 11642:Muscular tissue 11613: 11605: 11591:Platyhelminthes 11566:Xenacoelomorpha 11531: 11370:Lepidopterology 11325: 11312: 11307: 11277: 11272: 11211: 11149:Castes in India 11070: 11066:Ludwig Woltmann 11021:Herbert Spencer 10911:Lewis H. Morgan 10881:Cesare Lombroso 10756:Jan Czekanowski 10741:Sonia Mary Cole 10681:Renato Biasutti 10639: 10618:Nazism and race 10537: 10514:Proto-Mongoloid 10393: 10350: 10341: 10336: 10306: 10301: 10260: 10247: 10228:Karl von Frisch 10165: 10134:William Jardine 10024:Le Règne Animal 9995: 9943:Comte de Buffon 9904:Systema Naturae 9843: 9815:Frederik Ruysch 9793:Valerius Cordus 9783:Hieronymus Bock 9749: 9731:Natural History 9726:Pliny the Elder 9683: 9673: 9667: 9665:Natural history 9662: 9632: 9627: 9606: 9526: 9519:Systema Naturae 9515: 9485: 9480: 9450: 9361:Linnaean Garden 9337: 9328:Johannes Burman 9275: 9266:Anders Sparrman 9261:Daniel Solander 9251:Daniel Rolander 9202: 9183:Natural history 9135: 9126: 9040:Flora Lapponica 9000:Systema Naturae 8987:Published works 8982: 8977: 8921:) mentioned by 8919:Wayback Machine 8881:in a parody of 8862:Wayback Machine 8711: 8706: 8700: 8681: 8662: 8568: 8546: 8544: 8512: 8510: 8494: 8489: 8463: 8449:Broberg, Gunnar 8443: 8441:Further reading 8438: 8432: 8413: 8392: 8357: 8319: 8297: 8283:Stace, Clive A. 8267:10.2307/1217339 8237: 8214: 8192: 8190: 8166: 8155: 8144: 8121: 8102: 8086:Koerner, Lisbet 8078: 8059: 8036: 8012: 7989: 7970: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7902: 7888:Broberg, Gunnar 7864:Broberg, Gunnar 7856: 7829: 7807: 7805: 7778: 7757: 7736: 7717: 7712: 7711: 7695: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7656: 7652: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7623: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7583: 7579: 7528:(3): e0114825. 7514: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7348: 7344: 7317: 7313: 7271: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7177: 7173: 7161: 7157: 7137: 7133: 7121: 7117: 7112:Wayback Machine 7102: 7098: 7086: 7082: 7070: 7066: 7054: 7050: 7044:Linnaeus (1771) 7042: 7038: 7032:Wayback Machine 7019: 7015: 7009:Linnaeus (1758) 7007: 7003: 6992: 6988: 6976: 6972: 6960: 6956: 6948: 6944: 6932: 6928: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6901: 6895:Wayback Machine 6879: 6877: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6828: 6824: 6812: 6808: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6780: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6755: 6747: 6743: 6735: 6728: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6695: 6691: 6683: 6676: 6670:Wayback Machine 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6568: 6562: 6558: 6553: 6546: 6540:James A. Secord 6537: 6533: 6527:Wayback Machine 6518: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6487: 6483: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6400: 6396: 6391:Linnaeus (1735) 6389: 6385: 6377: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6353: 6349: 6343:Anderson (1997) 6341: 6337: 6331:Anderson (1997) 6329: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6305: 6298: 6292:Anderson (1997) 6290: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6214:Anderson (1997) 6212: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6185: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6050:Soban, Branko. 6048: 6044: 6038:Wayback Machine 6029: 6025: 6018: 6004:Broberg, Gunnar 6001: 5997: 5982: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5934: 5930: 5922: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5837: 5820: 5816: 5804: 5797: 5766:10.2307/2166840 5750: 5746: 5735: 5728: 5715: 5711: 5700: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5407:"Carl Linnaeus" 5403: 5388: 5380: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5306: 5302: 5294: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5168:Anderson (1997) 5166: 5162: 5154: 5147: 5141:Anderson (1997) 5139: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5105:Anderson (1997) 5103: 5099: 5093:Wayback Machine 5084: 5080: 5041:Malaria Journal 5033: 5026: 5018: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4993:Anderson (1997) 4991: 4984: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4882: 4874: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4852:Anderson (1997) 4850: 4846: 4840:Anderson (1997) 4838: 4834: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4801: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4776:Anderson (1997) 4774: 4770: 4764:Anderson (1997) 4762: 4758: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4566:Wayback Machine 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4456: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4400: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4162: 4161: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4127: 4126: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4031: 4017: 4013: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3978: 3954:author citation 3951: 3947: 3936: 3935: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3910: 3903: 3899: 3869: 3845: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3829: 3769: 3765: 3754: 3750: 3725: 3721: 3681: 3677: 3664: 3660: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3623:Wayback Machine 3614: 3610: 3604:Julian calendar 3593: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3534: 3529: 3470: 3462:Linné, Carl von 3451: 3449: 3440:. Vol. 1 ( 3418: 3416: 3371: 3369: 3342:Systema Naturae 3329: 3327: 3311: 3305: 3300: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3271: 3189: 3165:monotypic genus 3113: 3096: 3076: 3026:Linnean Society 3004:Systema Naturae 2998: 2954:Jacobus Bontius 2948:Systema Naturae 2935: 2914:Dieta Naturalis 2890:Systema Naturae 2832:Systema Naturae 2790:Systema Naturae 2755: 2749: 2673: 2641: 2581:Jonas Alströmer 2569:Carl Gyllenborg 2538: 2523:Systema Naturae 2459: 2453: 2427: 2421: 2388: 2382: 2368: 2326:Systema Naturae 2293:Systema Naturae 2275:Systema Naturae 2269: 2267:Systema Naturae 2248: 2245:Systema Naturae 2241: 2235: 2202:Anders Sparrman 2183:Daniel Solander 2168:Daniel Solander 2160: 2123: 2077: 2071: 2047:on 22 January. 2012: 1960:, which reads " 1920:Carolus a Linné 1885:Systema Naturae 1864: 1844: 1838: 1793: 1776: 1761:Linnaean Garden 1745: 1713: 1701:Adolf Frederick 1674: 1665:named after him 1616:Flora Lapponica 1589: 1581:natural history 1522: 1418:Systema Naturae 1366: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1340: 1339: 1328: 1296:Johannes Burman 1282:Systema Naturae 1267: 1262:Systema Naturae 1229:Artemisia annua 1150: 1073: 1044:Flora Lapponica 1032:Flora Lapponica 1008:Flora Lapponica 996:Flora Lapponica 973:Gulf of Bothnia 889: 887:Flora Lapponica 881:Main articles: 879: 773: 756:Carolus Linnæus 746:Lund University 731:Ansgar Almquist 719: 714: 647:Lund University 636: 634:Early education 542: 536: 531: 455:Systema Naturae 423:Carolus a Linné 411:Carolus Linnæus 399:who formalised 336: 313: 289: 248: 245: 1739) 240: 236: 233: 220: 199: 185:Lund University 178:Alma mater 166: 164: 160: 157: 152: 149: 147: 145: 144: 143: 132: 126: 122: 121:10 January 1778 113: 104: 98: 96: 88: 82: 63: 54: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12204: 12194: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12181:Terminologists 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12111:Pteridologists 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11938: 11936: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11891:Charles Darwin 11888: 11886:Georges Cuvier 11883: 11877: 11875: 11869: 11868: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11861: 11856: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11806: 11801: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11758: 11756: 11749: 11743: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11728:Spider anatomy 11725: 11724: 11723: 11713: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11680: 11678: 11676:and morphology 11670: 11669: 11667: 11666: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11647:Nervous tissue 11644: 11639: 11628: 11626: 11617: 11611:Animal anatomy 11607: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11542: 11540: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11527:Zooarchaeology 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11464: 11458: 11449: 11444: 11438: 11433: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11388: 11385:Orthopterology 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11365:Coleopterology 11358: 11353: 11342:Arthropodology 11339: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11323: 11317: 11314: 11313: 11306: 11305: 11298: 11291: 11283: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11219: 11217: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11209: 11201: 11193: 11185: 11177: 11169: 11161: 11153: 11145: 11137: 11129: 11121: 11119:(Ripley, 1899) 11113: 11105: 11097: 11089: 11078: 11076: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11011:Giuseppe Sergi 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10971:Gustaf Retzius 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10921:Josiah C. Nott 10918: 10913: 10908: 10906:Ashley Montagu 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10886:Bertil Lundman 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10836:Earnest Hooton 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10801:George Gliddon 10798: 10793: 10788: 10786:Francis Galton 10783: 10778: 10776:Anténor Firmin 10773: 10768: 10766:Joseph Deniker 10763: 10758: 10753: 10751:Georges Cuvier 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10647: 10645: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10623:Racial hygiene 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10590: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10556: 10547: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10534: 10533: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10516: 10506: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10414: 10409: 10403: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10360: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10335: 10334: 10327: 10320: 10312: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10279: 10268: 10266: 10262: 10261: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10238:Ronald Lockley 10235: 10225: 10213: 10206:Niko Tinbergen 10203: 10191: 10179: 10173: 10171: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10163: 10153: 10141: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10074: 10069: 10057: 10045: 10036:Charles Darwin 10033: 10028: 10019:Georges Cuvier 10016: 10007:George Montagu 10003: 10001: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9993: 9981: 9969: 9957: 9952: 9940: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9896: 9891: 9889:Jan Swammerdam 9886: 9881: 9879:William Derham 9876: 9871: 9866: 9853: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9831: 9820:William Turner 9817: 9812: 9803:Conrad Gessner 9800: 9798:Leonhart Fuchs 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9768:Gaspard Bauhin 9765: 9759: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9735: 9723: 9713: 9701: 9688: 9686: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9661: 9660: 9653: 9646: 9638: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9625: 9620: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9536: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9514: 9513: 9506: 9499: 9491: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9466: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9441:Linneus, Maine 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9406:Linné (crater) 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9308:Gaspard Bauhin 9305: 9300: 9294: 9283: 9281: 9280:Related people 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9231:Peter Forsskål 9228: 9223: 9221:Andreas Berlin 9218: 9212: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9124: 9116: 9108: 9100: 9092: 9084: 9076: 9068: 9060: 9052: 9044: 9036: 9028: 9020: 9012: 9004: 8996: 8990: 8988: 8984: 8983: 8976: 8975: 8968: 8961: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8936: 8925: 8909:of Linnaeus's 8903: 8890: 8869: 8868: 8850: 8841: 8832: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8774: 8759: 8758: 8752: 8743:A four-minute 8741: 8732: 8726: 8710: 8709:External links 8707: 8705: 8704: 8698: 8685: 8679: 8666: 8660: 8647: 8621:(3): 673–694. 8607: 8597:(2): 191–210. 8583: 8572: 8566: 8553: 8530: 8519: 8497:Roman, Hanna. 8487: 8461: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8436: 8430: 8417: 8411: 8396: 8390: 8377: 8361: 8355: 8342: 8323: 8317: 8301: 8295: 8279: 8250: 8241: 8235: 8218: 8212: 8199: 8175:Quammen, David 8171: 8148: 8142: 8125: 8119: 8106: 8100: 8082: 8076: 8063: 8057: 8047:Flower Hunters 8040: 8034: 8016: 8010: 7993: 7987: 7974: 7968: 7953: 7940: 7926:Fara, Patricia 7922: 7906: 7900: 7884: 7860: 7854: 7833: 7827: 7814: 7782: 7776: 7761: 7755: 7740: 7734: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7689: 7650: 7641: 7629: 7617: 7608: 7577: 7508: 7506:pp. 59–61 7488: 7471: 7437: 7411: 7408:Östholm (2007) 7397: 7393:Koerner (1999) 7385: 7381:Koerner (1999) 7373: 7362:on 14 May 2019 7342: 7311: 7265: 7261:Broberg (1975) 7245: 7214: 7207: 7171: 7155: 7143:Slotkin (1965) 7131: 7123:Braziel (2007) 7115: 7096: 7080: 7064: 7048: 7036: 7021:Bontius (1658) 7013: 7001: 6999:vol. 6 (1763). 6986: 6970: 6968:, pp. 191–192. 6954: 6942: 6926: 6924:, pp. 171–172. 6910: 6899: 6856: 6822: 6806: 6790: 6788:, pp. 173–174. 6778: 6762: 6753: 6749:Simpson (1961) 6741: 6726: 6722:Simpson (1961) 6714: 6707: 6689: 6674: 6654: 6617: 6615:, pp. 342–357. 6605: 6556: 6544: 6531: 6509: 6505:Stafleu (1971) 6497: 6481: 6465: 6453: 6441: 6429: 6394: 6383: 6381:, pp. 193–194. 6371: 6369:, pp. 192–193. 6359: 6357:, pp. 191–192. 6347: 6335: 6323: 6321:, pp. 185–186. 6311: 6309:, pp. 184–185. 6296: 6284: 6280:Broberg (2006) 6272: 6270:, pp. 189–190. 6260: 6230: 6228:, pp. 238–240. 6218: 6216:, pp. 104–106. 6203: 6199:Quammen (2007) 6191: 6179: 6175:Broberg (2006) 6167: 6165:, pp. 243–245. 6155: 6143: 6128: 6119: 6104: 6087:Slovenija.svet 6073: 6042: 6023: 6016: 5995: 5976: 5974:, pp. 229–230. 5964: 5952: 5940: 5928: 5926:, pp. 220–224. 5916: 5904: 5892: 5890:, pp. 198–199. 5880: 5865: 5862:Sprague (1953) 5854: 5835: 5814: 5795: 5760:(2): 382–411. 5744: 5726: 5720:Nutrix Noverca 5709: 5694: 5682: 5667: 5665:, pp. 173–174. 5655: 5643: 5639:Koerner (1999) 5628: 5626:, pp. 198–205. 5616: 5583: 5571: 5559: 5547: 5543:Koerner (1999) 5535: 5533:, pp. 117–118. 5523: 5521:, pp. 137–142. 5511: 5507:Koerner (1999) 5496: 5484: 5472: 5470:, pp. 103–105. 5468:Koerner (1999) 5460: 5456:Koerner (1999) 5448: 5446:, pp. 146–147. 5436: 5424: 5386: 5382:Koerner (1999) 5371: 5359: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5300: 5288: 5286:, pp. 106–107. 5276: 5246: 5211: 5204: 5184: 5172: 5160: 5158:, pp. 100–102. 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5097: 5078: 5024: 5009: 4997: 4982: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4934: 4919: 4907: 4903:Quammen (2007) 4895: 4891:Broberg (2006) 4880: 4868: 4856: 4844: 4832: 4820: 4813: 4792: 4780: 4768: 4756: 4741: 4729: 4717: 4705: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4609: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4501: 4489: 4477: 4470: 4450: 4439:Flower hunters 4430: 4418: 4414:Quammen (2007) 4406: 4391: 4379: 4349: 4319: 4315:Broberg (2006) 4307: 4295: 4280: 4254: 4237:Author Details 4224: 4197: 4193:Broberg (2006) 4185: 4150: 4139:on 8 June 2011 4117: 4087: 4066:(2): 268–270. 4046: 4029: 4011: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3959:Cerambyx cerdo 3945: 3920: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3796:Charles Darwin 3788:Georges Cuvier 3763: 3748: 3740:Slotkin (1965) 3719: 3675: 3671:Melbourne Code 3658: 3639: 3627: 3608: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3544:Johann Bartsch 3541: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3513:Linnaeus, Carl 3509: 3494: 3479: 3458: 3431: 3403:Linnaeus, Carl 3399: 3389:Linnaeus, Carl 3385: 3378: 3355: 3336: 3312: 3307:Main article: 3304: 3301: 3296:botanical name 3277: 3275: 3272: 3224:Systema Naturæ 3188: 3185: 3171:), the crater 3167:in the family 3145:Kalmar College 3109:Main article: 3095: 3092: 3075: 3072: 2966:Gunnar Broberg 2932:Anthropomorpha 2904:Anthropomorpha 2881:Charles Darwin 2801:Anthropomorpha 2772:Anthropomorpha 2751:Main article: 2748: 2747:Human taxonomy 2745: 2737:DNA sequencing 2719:in botany and 2669:Main article: 2660:Systema Naturæ 2651:Regnum Animale 2640: 2637: 2537: 2534: 2455:Main article: 2452: 2443: 2423:Main article: 2420: 2411: 2384:Main article: 2381: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2315:Gaspard Bauhin 2265:Main article: 2258:Systema Naturæ 2247: 2242: 2237:Main article: 2234: 2231: 2159: 2156: 2131:Côn Sơn Island 2122: 2119: 2103:Peter Forsskål 2073:Main article: 2070: 2067: 2011: 2008: 1863: 1860: 1840:Main article: 1837: 1832: 1818:J. E. Gilibert 1801:Nutrix Noverca 1792: 1790:Nutrix Noverca 1787: 1775: 1770: 1744: 1741: 1712: 1709: 1673: 1670: 1661:Anders Celsius 1588: 1585: 1521: 1518: 1506:pitcher plants 1352: 1351: 1342: 1341: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1266: 1258:Publishing of 1256: 1169:Dutch Republic 1149: 1146: 1135:, financed by 1125:Title page of 1111:Title page of 1072: 1069: 1018:classification 940:ornithological 926:, holding the 878: 875: 772: 769: 765:Kilian Stobæus 718: 715: 713: 710: 675:Katedralskolan 663:Grammar School 635: 632: 548:Birthplace at 535: 532: 530: 527: 521:following the 389:Carl von Linné 376: 375: 367: 366: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 348: 347: 344: 338: 337: 335: 334: 329: 327:Peter Ascanius 323: 321: 317: 316: 305: 299: 298: 295: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 277: 271: 269: 265: 264: 258: 257: 254: 250: 249: 238: 234: 229: 228: 226: 222: 221: 219: 218: 213: 207: 205: 204:Known for 201: 200: 198: 197: 192: 187: 181: 179: 175: 174: 138: 134: 133: 127: 125:(aged 70) 119: 115: 114: 105: 94: 90: 89: 75:Carl von Linné 73: 65: 64: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12203: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11991:Carl Linnaeus 11989: 11988: 11986: 11971: 11963: 11962: 11959: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11933: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11911:Konrad Lorenz 11909: 11907: 11906:Carl Linnaeus 11904: 11902: 11901:William Kirby 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11845: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11811: 11810: 11809:Blood vessels 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11721:Shark anatomy 11719: 11718: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11671: 11665: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11581:Aschelminthes 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11502:Neuroethology 11500: 11498: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11442: 11441:Testudinology 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11422:Helminthology 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11392: 11391:Myriapodology 11389: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11337:Anthrozoology 11335: 11334: 11332: 11328: 11322: 11319: 11318: 11315: 11311: 11304: 11299: 11297: 11292: 11290: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11243:Miscegenation 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11214: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11138: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11046:Paul Topinard 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10986:Benjamin Rush 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10956:Alfred Ploetz 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10936:Oscar Peschel 10934: 10932: 10931:Roger Pearson 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10901:John Mitchell 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10876:Carl Linnaeus 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10841:Julian Huxley 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10826:Ernst Haeckel 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10811:Madison Grant 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781:Eugen Fischer 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10726:Petrus Camper 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10651:Louis Agassiz 10649: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10595: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10544: 10540: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10527: 10524: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10482:Mediterranean 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10344: 10340: 10333: 10328: 10326: 10321: 10319: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10263: 10258: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10233: 10229: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10221:On Aggression 10217: 10216:Konrad Lorenz 10214: 10211: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10182:Abbott Thayer 10180: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10168: 10161: 10157: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10145: 10144:Ernst Haeckel 10142: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10109:Louis Agassiz 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10094:Charles Lyell 10092: 10090: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10054: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10031:William Smith 10029: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9991: 9990: 9985: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9972:Thomas Bewick 9970: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9960:Gilbert White 9958: 9956: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9944: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9911:Georg Steller 9909: 9906: 9905: 9900: 9899:Carl Linnaeus 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9849:Enlightenment 9846: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9778:Otto Brunfels 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9752: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9714: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9679: 9676: 9670: 9666: 9659: 9654: 9652: 9647: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9636: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9524:Carl Linnaeus 9521: 9520: 9512: 9507: 9505: 9500: 9498: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9477: 9476: 9467: 9465: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9416:Linnean Medal 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9386:7412 Linnaeus 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9313:Johann Bauhin 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9256:Göran Rothman 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9216:Adam Afzelius 9214: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9133: 9122: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9080:Fauna Svecica 9077: 9074: 9073: 9072:Flora Svecica 9069: 9066: 9065: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8980:Carl Linnaeus 8974: 8969: 8967: 8962: 8960: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8943: 8942:, Spring 2018 8941: 8937: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8929:Ginkgo biloba 8926: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8653: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8559: 8554: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8520: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8490: 8488:9789127153882 8484: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8462:9780691213422 8458: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8433: 8427: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8383: 8378: 8375:(2): 226–262. 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8352: 8348: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8251: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8236:9780231024273 8232: 8227: 8226: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8205: 8200: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8177:(June 2007). 8176: 8172: 8165: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8112: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8041: 8037: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7980: 7975: 7971: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7954: 7943: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7914:Heywood, V H. 7911: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7893: 7892:Carl Linnaeus 7889: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7855:91-85286-05-2 7851: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7820: 7815: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7794:Gulielmo Piso 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7762: 7758: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7705: 7704: 7699: 7693: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7654: 7645: 7638: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7612: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7448:Linnaeosicyos 7441: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7404: 7402: 7394: 7389: 7382: 7377: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7315: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7274:Stearn, W. T. 7269: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7164: 7163:Keevak (2011) 7159: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7135: 7128: 7124: 7119: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7100: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7077: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7040: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7010: 7005: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6921: 6914: 6908: 6903: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6860: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6819: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6782: 6774: 6773: 6766: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6738: 6733: 6731: 6723: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6658: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6609: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6551: 6549: 6541: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6506: 6501: 6494: 6492: 6489:Van den Hoek 6485: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6462: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6438: 6433: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6408:Distillations 6405: 6398: 6392: 6387: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6363: 6356: 6351: 6344: 6339: 6332: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6293: 6288: 6281: 6276: 6269: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6215: 6210: 6208: 6200: 6195: 6188: 6183: 6176: 6171: 6164: 6163:Stöver (1794) 6159: 6152: 6147: 6140: 6135: 6133: 6123: 6115: 6108: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6056:The Slovenian 6053: 6046: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6027: 6019: 6017:91-520-0919-X 6013: 6009: 6008:Carl Linnaeus 6005: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5949: 5944: 5937: 5932: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5888:Stöver (1794) 5884: 5877: 5872: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5818: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5800: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5748: 5740: 5733: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5686: 5679: 5678:Linnaeus 1751 5674: 5672: 5664: 5659: 5652: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5633: 5625: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5579:Stöver (1794) 5575: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5551: 5544: 5539: 5532: 5531:Stöver (1794) 5527: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5501: 5493: 5488: 5481: 5480:Stöver (1794) 5476: 5469: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5444:Stöver (1794) 5440: 5433: 5432:Stöver (1794) 5428: 5412: 5408: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5356:Veitch (1897) 5352: 5345: 5344:Stöver (1794) 5340: 5333: 5332:Stöver (1794) 5328: 5321: 5320:Stöver (1794) 5316: 5309: 5304: 5297: 5296:Stöver (1794) 5292: 5285: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5255:"Linnaeushof" 5250: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5188: 5181: 5180:Stöver (1794) 5176: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5142: 5137: 5130: 5125: 5119:, pp. 98–100. 5118: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5021: 5016: 5014: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4979: 4974: 4967: 4966:Stöver (1794) 4962: 4955: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4931: 4930:Frodin (2001) 4926: 4924: 4916: 4915:Stöver (1794) 4911: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4885: 4877: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4853: 4848: 4841: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4797: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4738: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4713:Stöver (1794) 4709: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4677:Stöver (1794) 4673: 4666: 4665:Stöver (1794) 4661: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4641:Stöver (1794) 4637: 4630: 4625: 4618: 4617:Stöver (1794) 4613: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4578:Stöver (1794) 4574: 4567: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4547: 4546:Stöver (1794) 4542: 4535: 4530: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4498: 4497:Stöver (1794) 4493: 4486: 4481: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4454: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4427: 4422: 4415: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4388: 4383: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4334:. July 1674. 4333: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4304: 4303:Stöver (1794) 4299: 4292: 4287: 4285: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4168:Linné on line 4165: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4138: 4134: 4133:Linné on line 4130: 4124: 4122: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4007: 4006:HarperCollins 4003: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3949: 3939: 3933: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3907: 3893: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3691:morphological 3688: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3584: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3297: 3293: 3282: 3279:The standard 3270: 3265: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3197:Adam Afzelius 3194: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169:Cucurbitaceae 3166: 3162: 3161: 3160:Linnaeosicyos 3156: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3125:Linnean Medal 3122: 3118: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3094:Commemoration 3091: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3005: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983:Hylobates lar 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2839:Antropomorpha 2835: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2777:Ernst Haeckel 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2645: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573:Adolf Fredrik 2570: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2533: 2531: 2528:(1735)), the 2527: 2525: 2524: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2378: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2360:(1783–1785). 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2332:, issued the 2331: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2319:Johann Bauhin 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2268: 2260: 2259: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2155: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2136:Pehr Forsskål 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2007: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1896: 1892: 1891:tenth edition 1888: 1886: 1879: 1873: 1868: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1757: 1749: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1684:Wästgöta-Resa 1679: 1678:Västergötland 1672:Västergötland 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1651:Fauna Suecica 1646: 1644: 1643:Flora Suecica 1638: 1636: 1635:Fauna Suecica 1630: 1628: 1627:Flora Suecica 1621: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1413: 1412:Philip Miller 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1346: 1337: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1240:medications. 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1154: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1090: 1089:Albertus Seba 1086: 1084: 1077: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1002: 1000: 998: 997: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 954: 949: 945: 941: 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 912: 910: 906: 902: 893: 888: 884: 874: 872: 867: 865: 863: 857: 853: 851: 850: 843: 841: 840: 833: 829: 825: 821: 819: 812: 810: 806: 802: 797: 789: 787: 781: 777: 768: 766: 761: 759: 757: 751: 747: 743: 739: 732: 728: 723: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 671: 668: 664: 659: 657: 648: 644: 640: 631: 629: 626: 622: 620: 614: 610: 606: 601: 597: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 551: 546: 541: 526: 524: 520: 519: 514: 513:type specimen 510: 506: 501: 499: 495: 491: 489: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 459: 457: 456: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 428: 426: 424: 418: 414: 412: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381:Carl Linnaeus 373: 368: 363: 359: 355: 353: 349: 345: 343: 339: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 322: 318: 311: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 272: 270: 266: 263: 259: 255: 251: 232: 227: 223: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 206: 202: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 180: 176: 171: 142: 139: 137:Resting place 135: 130: 120: 116: 112: 108: 95: 91: 86: 80: 76: 71: 66: 62:Carl Linnaeus 59: 56: 52: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 11905: 11777:Gas exchange 11716:Fish anatomy 11711:Bird anatomy 11571:Ambulacraria 11517:Paleozoology 11512:Parasitology 11431:Batrachology 11412:Ethnozoology 11407:Cnidariology 11223:Ethnogenesis 11204: 11196: 11191:(Coon, 1939) 11188: 11180: 11172: 11164: 11156: 11148: 11140: 11132: 11124: 11116: 11108: 11100: 11092: 11082: 11075:Publications 10926:Karl Pearson 10875: 10816:John Grattan 10711:Halfdan Bryn 10576:in Singapore 10543:Sociological 10241: 10231: 10219: 10209: 10197: 10194:Hugh B. Cott 10185: 10170:20th century 10159: 10147: 10137: 10080: 10063: 10051: 10039: 10022: 10010: 10000:19th century 9987: 9975: 9963: 9946: 9934: 9926:James Hutton 9916:Joseph Banks 9902: 9898: 9862:Micrographia 9860: 9857:Robert Hooke 9837: 9827: 9823: 9806: 9771: 9741: 9729: 9719: 9707: 9704:Theophrastus 9695: 9618:12th edition 9532:10th edition 9523: 9517: 9474: 9364: 9343:Recognitions 9318:Peter Artedi 9241:Pehr Löfling 9118: 9110: 9102: 9094: 9086: 9078: 9070: 9062: 9054: 9046: 9038: 9030: 9022: 9014: 9006: 8998: 8979: 8939: 8927: 8897: 8882: 8871: 8870: 8853: 8761: 8760: 8713: 8712: 8689: 8670: 8651: 8618: 8614: 8594: 8590: 8577: 8557: 8545:. Retrieved 8535: 8524: 8513:14 September 8511:. Retrieved 8507:the original 8502: 8478: 8452: 8421: 8401: 8381: 8372: 8368: 8365:Veitch, H.J. 8346: 8328: 8308: 8286: 8261:(3): 40–46. 8258: 8254: 8245: 8224: 8203: 8191:. Retrieved 8187:the original 8182: 8164:the original 8159: 8133: 8110: 8090: 8067: 8046: 8024: 8001: 7978: 7958: 7945:. Retrieved 7930: 7917: 7891: 7880:the original 7875: 7871: 7844: 7843:Homo sapiens 7841: 7818: 7806:. Retrieved 7797: 7766: 7745: 7724: 7702: 7692: 7682:26 September 7680:. Retrieved 7663: 7653: 7644: 7639:, p. 67 7632: 7625: 7620: 7611: 7599:. Retrieved 7590: 7580: 7525: 7521: 7511: 7499: 7491: 7479: 7474: 7462:. Retrieved 7453: 7447: 7440: 7428:. Retrieved 7424:the original 7414: 7388: 7376: 7364:. Retrieved 7360:the original 7355: 7345: 7328: 7324: 7321:Homo sapiens 7320: 7314: 7281: 7277: 7268: 7248: 7236:. Retrieved 7227: 7217: 7180: 7174: 7158: 7151:Marks (2010) 7134: 7118: 7099: 7083: 7073: 7067: 7057: 7051: 7039: 7016: 7004: 6994: 6989: 6979: 6973: 6963: 6957: 6950:Blunt (2004) 6945: 6935: 6929: 6919: 6913: 6902: 6878:. Retrieved 6869: 6859: 6847:. Retrieved 6838: 6825: 6815: 6809: 6799: 6793: 6781: 6771: 6765: 6756: 6744: 6717: 6698: 6692: 6657: 6645:. Retrieved 6638:the original 6633: 6620: 6613:Fries (2011) 6608: 6596:. 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Retrieved 3318: 3259: 3255:Adolf Hitler 3236: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3158: 3152: 3114: 3085: 3067: 3060:W. T. 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L. Greene 1029: 1014:nomenclature 1005: 1003: 992: 989:biodiversity 970: 951: 947: 937: 931: 898: 868: 859: 845: 835: 815: 813: 809:Olof Celsius 793: 783: 782:depicted in 762: 753: 738:Tournefort's 735: 687: 672: 660: 652: 642: 616: 602: 598: 591: 569: 554: 540:Linné family 518:Homo sapiens 516: 508: 504: 502: 485: 464:Philosopher 463: 451: 429: 420: 408: 388: 380: 379: 307: 294:Institutions 261: 123:(1778-01-10) 74: 55: 12001:1778 deaths 11996:1707 births 11947:Post-Darwin 11824:Capillaries 11762:Respiration 11522:Planktology 11507:Ornithology 11491:Primatology 11447:Ichthyology 11427:Herpetology 11402:Bryozoology 11380:Myrmecology 11375:Melittology 11356:Carcinology 11346:Arachnology 11263:Pre-Adamite 11253:Multiracial 10856:Robert Knox 10666:John Beddoe 10613:Master race 10569:in Colombia 10457:East Baltic 10242:Shearwaters 10099:Mary Anning 9884:Hans Sloane 9834:John Gerard 9828:New Herball 9755:Renaissance 9738:Dioscorides 9674:naturalists 9585:Hymenoptera 9575:Lepidoptera 9381:Linnaemyini 9299:(daughter)) 9246:Pehr Osbeck 8940:SL Magazine 8923:Carl Zimmer 8714:Biographies 8611:George, Sam 8587:George, Sam 8160:The Linnean 7947:22 February 7910:Davis, P.H. 7837:Broberg, G. 7786:Bontius, J. 7383:, p. 95–96. 7331:: 109–114. 7284:(1): 4–22. 7238:30 November 7198:10871/16833 7183:: 191–209. 7147:pp. 176–178 6647:25 February 5723:(in Latin). 5269:17 February 5239:17 February 4619:, pp. 8–11. 3965:(GBIF); L. 3962:: Linnaeus 3728:this thread 3713:. See also 3546:, colleague 3045:stereotypes 2867:world views 2577:Claes Grill 2553:Sefton Park 2536:Collections 2530:Philosophia 2518:(1737) and 2478:(1736) and 2439:Cryptogamia 2010:Final years 2004:scopolamine 1862:Ennoblement 1820:in 1770 as 1188:taxidermied 1177:Netherlands 920:Sami people 905:Sami people 805:Lars Roberg 780:Pollination 702:mathematics 613:linden tree 474:Shakespeare 442:, southern 417:ennoblement 387:in 1761 as 385:ennoblement 165: / 103:23 May 1707 36:Karl Linnas 11985:Categories 11942:Pre-Darwin 11916:Thomas Say 11873:Zoologists 11847:By species 11586:Arthropoda 11551:Ctenophora 11497:Nematology 11481:Felinology 11461:Teuthology 11456:Conchology 11452:Malacology 11361:Entomology 11258:Polygenism 11248:Monogenism 10966:Otto Reche 10871:Fritz Lenz 10701:Paul Broca 10691:Franz Boas 10661:Erwin Baur 10656:John Baker 10550:By region 10407:Australoid 9672:Pioneering 9580:Neuroptera 9565:Coleoptera 8879:Jay Hosler 8751:on YouTube 8547:13 January 8493:516 pages. 8471:1346293437 7808:13 January 7637:Gould 1981 7601:28 January 7366:3 December 7072:Frängsmyr 7056:Frängsmyr 6978:Frängsmyr 6962:Frängsmyr 6934:Frängsmyr 6918:Frängsmyr 6814:Frängsmyr 6798:Frängsmyr 6598:28 January 6579:(3): 126. 6461:Linné 1785 6449:Linné 1774 6097:1 December 5609:30 January 5259:Hollan.com 5047:(1): 232. 4548:, pp. 5–6. 4447:0199561826 4342:27 January 3996:"Linnaeus" 3809:Blumenbach 3798:wrote, in 3780:Quadrumana 3683:Frängsmyr 3574:References 3372:13 January 3330:13 January 3267:See also: 3187:Commentary 3088:Cameralism 3068:H. sapiens 3038:behavioral 3030:skin color 3022:continents 2994:See also: 2987:lar gibbon 2721:subspecies 2547:marble by 2286:index card 2207:Resolution 2192:James Cook 2176:James Cook 1984:(nowadays 1942:twinflower 1926:gallicised 1809:wet nurses 1763:in Uppsala 1657:zoological 1485:) genera. 1207:Harderwijk 1087:(1734) of 1040:described 928:twinflower 871:Nils Rosén 763:Professor 706:physiology 683:Palmberg's 605:patronymic 581:, and the 565:beekeeping 538:See also: 529:Early life 153:17°38′00″E 150:59°51′29″N 99:1707-05-23 11772:Breathing 11624:Histology 11486:Hippology 11467:Mammalogy 11436:Ophiology 11350:Acarology 10635:Négritude 10564:in Brazil 10509:Mongoloid 10417:Caucasoid 9692:Aristotle 9684:antiquity 9682:Classical 9570:Hemiptera 9475:Wikiquote 9376:Linnaemya 9371:Linnaeite 9236:Pehr Kalm 8762:Resources 8755:Biography 8737:from the 8735:Biography 8729:Biography 8720:Biography 8643:142994653 8503:h-net.org 7672:0274-7529 7535:1405.7183 7430:3 October 7263:, p. 291. 7259:, citing 7257:pp. 33–34 7153:, p. 265. 7141:, p. 27. 7127:pp. 43–44 7078:, p. 186. 7062:, p. 187. 7046:, p. 521. 6984:, p. 166. 6940:, p. 175. 6880:4 October 6849:4 October 6820:, p. 167. 6804:, p. 170. 6573:Endeavour 6507:, p. 157. 6253:4 October 6153:, p. 232. 6141:, p. 245. 5962:, p. 199. 5914:, p. 219. 5902:, p. 166. 5692:, p. 221. 5641:, p. 116. 5581:, p. 167. 5569:, p. 165. 5557:, p. 159. 5545:, p. 204. 5509:, p. 115. 5482:, p. 382. 5434:, p. 141. 5369:, p. 123. 4389:, p. 376. 4247:1 October 4178:3 October 4143:3 October 4044:, p. 171. 3982:Citations 3902:-əs, lin- 3840:English: 3804:in 1871: 3649:Nepenthes 3634:That is, 3475:Göttingen 3471:(2 vols.) 3452:19 August 3426:see also 3419:6 January 3391:(1755) . 3351:460298195 3247:Aristotle 3211:wrote in 3199:in 1823: 3181:Linnaeite 3117:banknotes 3064:lectotype 3058:In 1959, 3010:varieties 2883:in 1859. 2709:singular: 2705:singular: 2633:Stockholm 2557:Liverpool 2197:Endeavour 2147:Pehr Kalm 2019:Headstone 1950:Gronovius 1799:Cover of 1697:archiater 1571:House in 1501:Nepenthes 1483:sexaginta 1382:Heemstede 1378:Hartekamp 1220:Anopheles 1148:Doctorate 1101:Hartekamp 1083:Thesaurus 679:gymnasium 643:Örtaboken 534:Childhood 397:physician 393:biologist 365:Signature 11970:Category 11814:Arteries 11699:Elephant 11674:Anatomy 11601:Annelida 11596:Mollusca 11576:Chordata 11561:Cnidaria 11556:Placozoa 11546:Porifera 11476:Cynology 11471:Cetology 11417:Ethology 11330:Branches 11228:Eugenics 10608:Colorism 10554:in India 10462:Ethiopid 10442:Atlantid 10432:Armenoid 10119:Asa Gray 9931:John Ray 9611:See also 9550:Amphibia 9540:Mammalia 9464:Category 8915:Archived 8885:titled " 8858:Archived 8541:Archived 8495:Review: 8451:(2023). 8307:(1971). 8285:(1991). 8088:(1999). 8022:(1981). 7979:Linnaeus 7928:(2003). 7916:(1973). 7890:(2006). 7866:(2008). 7839:(1975). 7802:Archived 7788:(1658). 7676:Archived 7664:Discover 7595:Archived 7591:HuffPost 7572:25738291 7522:PLOS ONE 7458:Archived 7395:, p. 97. 7306:85221313 7232:Archived 7108:Archived 7028:Archived 7011:, p. 24. 6891:Archived 6874:Archived 6843:Archived 6739:, p. 17. 6666:Archived 6523:Archived 6439:, p. 28. 6422:20 March 6416:Archived 6345:, p. 96. 6247:Archived 6189:, p. 63. 6177:, p. 42. 6091:Archived 6060:Archived 6034:Archived 6006:(2006). 5950:, p. 62. 5878:, p. 47. 5841:Archived 5790:46119192 5782:11623150 5603:Archived 5458:, p. 16. 5411:Archived 5384:, p. 56. 5346:, p. 95. 5298:, p. 89. 5170:, p. 64. 5131:, p. 98. 5107:, p. 66. 5089:Archived 5073:23835014 5022:, p. 94. 5007:, p. 90. 4968:, p. 71. 4956:, p. 74. 4944:, p. 54. 4932:, p. 27. 4893:, p. 29. 4854:, p. 46. 4790:, p. 38. 4766:, p. 40. 4667:, p. 15. 4643:, p. 13. 4631:, p. 18. 4562:Archived 4536:, p. 16. 4519:10 April 4428:, p. 15. 4404:, p. 13. 4372:10 April 4366:Archived 4336:Archived 4317:, p. 10. 4293:, p. 12. 4273:25 April 4241:Archived 4172:Archived 4110:12 April 4104:Archived 4082:17436393 3911:Swedish: 3817:Bischoff 3701:morality 3619:Archived 3532:See also 3515:(1792). 3446:Archived 3413:Archived 3405:(1753). 3366:Archived 3324:Archived 3251:Napoleon 3238:PLOS ONE 3233:PageRank 3217:(1896): 3042:colonial 3034:cultural 2979:Homo lar 2962:Homo lar 2900:Primates 2896:Mammalia 2784:primates 2701:kingdoms 2690:Rumphius 2545:Linnaeus 2227:Nagasaki 2225:outside 2166:Apostle 2069:Apostles 2037:sciatica 1999:Scopolia 1994:dormouse 1992:and the 1986:Slovenia 1914:ennobled 1910:nobility 1828:Mammalia 1432:John Ray 1287:(1735). 1234:wormwood 1224:mosquito 1099:View of 966:reindeer 698:theology 649:Library. 628:ligature 579:minister 576:Lutheran 572:botanist 509:Linnaeus 405:taxonomy 356:Linnaeus 253:Children 216:Taxonomy 131:, Sweden 129:Hammarby 18:Linnaeus 11935:History 11632:Tissues 11321:Outline 11310:Zoology 11216:Related 10644:Writers 10588:Passing 10531:Negrito 10526:Negroid 10497:Turanid 10492:Semites 10467:Hamites 10452:Dinaric 10447:Caspian 9590:Diptera 9560:Insecta 9356:Linnaea 9140:General 8883:Peanuts 8846:by the 8837:by the 8828:at the 8779:at the 8623:Bibcode 8338:5660395 8275:1217339 8193:3 April 7796:(ed.). 7715:Sources 7703: L 7563:4349893 7540:Bibcode 7502:(1922) 7337:4065043 7298:2411603 7167:pp. 3–4 6952:, p. 8. 6775:. 1963. 6201:, p. 4. 6066:4 April 5938:, p. 6. 5847:28 July 5774:2166840 5417:3 April 5064:3723432 4905:, p. 2. 4580:, p. 6. 4499:, p. 5. 4416:, p. 1. 4305:, p. 8. 4195:, p. 7. 4073:2080517 4021:in the 3705:Creator 3519:(ed.). 3154:Linnaea 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