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900:, along with some other Hindu texts, consistently give the height of 84,000 yojanas to Mount Meru, which translates into 672,000 miles or 1,082,000 kilometers. The Sun and Moon along with all the planets revolve around Mount Meru which connects the earth with the under world and heaven with Shiva residing on top of the mountain at
929:
further states that the mountain gleans of gold when the rays of the sun fall on it and is said to contain lovely woods, lakes, rivers adorned with fruit trees, precious stones and life saving herbs. It also describes Meru as the means to reach heaven and only a being without any sins would be able
609:
The dimensions attributed to Mount Meru — which all refer to it as a part of the Cosmic Ocean, along with several other statements that describe it in geographically vague terms (e.g., "the Sun along with all the planets circle the mountain") — make the determination of its location most difficult,
657:
Several versions of cosmology can be found in existing Hindu texts. In all of them, cosmologically, the Meru mountain was also described as being surrounded by
Mandrachala Mountain to the east, Suparshva Mountain to the west, Kumuda Mountain to the north, and
1056:
to fill Java with human beings. However, at that time, Java island was floating freely on the ocean, always tumbling and shaking. To stop the island's movement, the gods decided to nail it to the Earth by moving the part of
Mahameru in
999:. It further talks about Shiva sitting in a lotus position, engaged in deep meditation within the confines of the mountain. The mountain is home to four lakes, whose water is shared by the gods and four rivers that originate from the
1196:
704:
resides. The Sun and the Moon revolve around Mount Meru, and as the Sun passes behind it, it becomes nighttime. The mountain has four faces — each one made of a different material; the northern face is made of
801:
1220:
748:
2300:
1106:, in the form of a circle forming a diameter of 100,000 yojanas. There are two sets of sun, moon, and stars revolving around Mount Meru; while one set works, the other set rests behind Mount Meru.
1117:
shortly after his birth, after putting the
Tirthankara child's mother into a deep slumber. There, he is bathed and anointed with precious unctions. Indra and other Devas celebrate his birth.
1243:
1408:
2297:
1021:
mentions that the mountain is located amongst the highest peaks, perpetually covered with snow. Mount Meru was said to be the residence of King
Padmaja Brahma in antiquity.
760:
1292:
1269:
813:
2194:
2254:
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in China. There is no clear identification of Mount Meru with a particular geophysical location but it is always located in
Himalayan or Aravali ranges.
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offerings often include Mount Meru, as they in part represent the entire universe. It is also believed that Mount Meru is the home of the
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describes similarly with the mountain located close to a lake consisting of clear water with lotuses and lilies decked with water birds.
3103:
2838:
921:
range between
Malayavat and Gandhamadhana mountains. Some scriptures indicate that Shiva resides in a horn of the mountains called as
2860:
1437:. Bangdel, Dina., Thurman, Robert A. F., Los Angeles County Museum of Art., Columbus Museum of Art. Chicago: Serindia Publications.
2305:
5370:
4822:
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2009:
1977:
1950:
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is the earliest example of the 5th- to 6th-century depiction. Many other
Buddhist temples took on this form, such as the
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1139:) — a Sanskrit word translating literally to "peak" or "summit". Early examples of this style can be found at the
874:
can be taken to mean about 11.5 km (9 miles), though its magnitude seems to differ over periods — for example, the
125:, and spiritual universes. The mountain is also mentioned in some scriptures of non-Indian based religions such as
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52:
28:
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Shastri, Jagdish Lal; Kunst, Arnold; Bhatt, G.P.; Tagare, Ganesh
Vasudeo (1928). "Oriental literature".
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Yuan dynasty 1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a lotus.
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states that Meru is a pillar of the world, located at the heart of six mountain ranges symbolizing a
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1040:, as well as the legendary movement of portions of Mount Meru to Java. The manuscript explains that
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high, about 1,082,000 km (672,000 mi), which would be 85 times the Earth's diameter. One
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769:
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1393:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.
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24:
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The concept of a holy mountain surrounded by various circles was incorporated into ancient
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According to
Buddhist cosmology, Mount Meru (or Sumeru) is at the centre of the world, and
5280:
3895:
3764:
3690:
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3304:
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temples have been built as symbolic representations of this mountain. The "Sumeru Throne"
8:
5247:
5126:
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4885:
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4678:
4597:
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1140:
592:
3221:
3148:
701:
5310:
5215:
5057:
5020:
5015:
4945:
4895:
4842:
4837:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4688:
4673:
4658:
4653:
4592:
4572:
4535:
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4265:
3966:
3890:
3768:
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3551:
3451:
3379:
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3000:
2930:
1705:
1508:
1460:
671:
459:
420:
404:
149:
145:
114:
5109:
1812:
954:, traveled towards the summit of the mountain as a means to reach the heaven but only
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5146:
5131:
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4768:
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4197:
4187:
3868:
3715:
3700:
3571:
3494:
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3281:
3168:
2925:
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2234:
2133:
2087:
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2005:
1973:
1946:
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340:
324:
273:
204:
118:
63:
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reside. Meru is considered as the center of the universe and is described as 84,000
640:, a ninth-century text, based on mostly unpublished texts of Yāmal Tantr, mentions:
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3143:
3015:
2601:
1275:
1183:
1167:
1144:
1011:
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968:
896:
819:
766:
557:
541:
498:
482:
313:
293:
257:
246:
239:
228:
216:
4215:
2286:
1560:
5539:
5527:
5500:
5445:
5397:
5325:
5195:
4993:
4973:
4915:
4827:
4490:
4388:
4235:
3971:
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3939:
3917:
3469:
3339:
3173:
3153:
2827:
2556:
2541:
2365:
2317:
2283:
2123:
1967:
1878:
1583:
1025:
939:
905:
863:
840:
525:
436:
388:
106:
102:
4245:
3399:
3389:
2026:"Mysteries of Kailash: What Are These 9-Foot Tall Entities Found In Mansarovar?"
879:
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110:
42:
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1029:
996:
955:
772:
714:
184:, resulting in the meaning "excellent Mount Meru" or "sublime Mount Meru".
4098:
4083:
4043:
3740:
3404:
2980:
2497:
2322:
2292:
Painting of Mount Meru found in
Buddhist cave sanctuary in Xinjiang, China
1678:
1629:
725:
653:(Sumeru is heard to be at the centre of the Earth, but is not seen there).
645:
5285:
5114:
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3118:
2990:
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122:
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2227:
Welch, Stuart Cary; Metropolitan Museum Of Art (New York, N.Y.) (1985).
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1326:
1203:
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1103:
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681:
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period. The manuscript describes the mythical origin of the island of
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1148:
1033:
823:
20:
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3668:
3434:
3216:
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2213:
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal - Asiatic Society of Bengal
1585:
The Geopolitics of South Asia: From early empires to the nuclear age
5534:
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4128:
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2778:
2750:
2720:
2706:
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2170:
2145:
1311:
1279:
1256:
1211:
1179:
1175:
1131:
963:
951:
947:
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792:
289:
189:
169:
157:
137:
130:
82:
4320:
4310:
4295:
4118:
3988:
3256:
983:. It also states that the four faces of Mount Kailash are made of
971:
located in the Mount Meru as places unlike anywhere in the world.
5240:
5183:
5168:
4315:
4305:
4280:
4155:
4150:
4108:
4078:
4010:
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3394:
3344:
3131:
2957:
2772:
2745:
2606:
2581:
2561:
2529:
2524:
2514:
2440:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2400:
1283:
1260:
1187:
984:
788:
729:
710:
618:
352:
71:
67:
59:
3927:
3695:
5320:
5305:
5141:
5003:
4983:
4758:
4420:
4300:
4290:
4225:
3853:
3809:
3794:
3784:
3754:
3678:
3561:
3329:
3201:
2945:
2940:
2716:
2711:
2676:
2664:
2654:
2621:
2611:
2546:
2465:
2445:
2383:
2378:
2125:
Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History
1741:
cf. second verse of Koorma-chakra in the book Narpatijayacharyā
1053:
1049:
1000:
938:
adorned with golden lotuses and sweet tasting water from which
931:
888:, but is said to be 5,026.5 yojanas in the Suryasiddhānta. The
871:
867:
858:
853:
685:
614:
126:
56:
5460:
5295:
5153:
5119:
5099:
5069:
4998:
4415:
4260:
4138:
4133:
4103:
4058:
3905:
3900:
3779:
3484:
3309:
3276:
3266:
2740:
2659:
2591:
2551:
2536:
2460:
2425:
2388:
1307:
1114:
1077:
1062:
1045:
297:
160:, a Burmese-style multi-tiered roof, represents Mount Meru.
5330:
4123:
3789:
3286:
2691:
2631:
2596:
2566:
2506:
2480:
2470:
2450:
2395:
1756:
History of Ancient India: From 7300 BC to 4250 BC
1156:
1037:
992:
988:
718:
706:
613:
Several researchers identify Mount Meru or Sumeru with the
141:
86:
2163:"Indian Cosmology Reflections in Religion and Metaphysics"
4988:
3524:
2086:. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 119.
1155:. This concept also continued outside India, such as in
2282:
Description of Mount Meru in the Devi-bhagavata-purana
1644:
23:. For the mountain in the Meru region of Tanzania, see
1065:) and attaching it to Java. The resulting mountain is
930:
to scale it. Meru is also said to be the residence of
807:
Tibetan Buddhist embroidery representing Mount Sumeru.
561:
16:
Sacred mountain of Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu cosmology
5511:
34:"Sumeru" redirects here. For the Bollywood film, see
1943:
Kailash Manasarovar on the Rugged Road to Revelation
1435:
The circle of bliss : Buddhist meditational art
1024:
This mythical mountain of gods was mentioned in the
468:"Sumēru-Mandara" (sometimes spelt as Ṣumeru-Mandara)
2296:Mount Meru in Encyclopedia of Buddhist Iconography
1611:
The Hindu World: An encyclopedic survey of Hinduism
958:who was accompanied by a dog, was able to make it.
2100:
1626:Hinduism: Ancient Indian tradition & mythology
1749:
1747:
1731:(2023 ed.). Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan.
172:means 'high'. The proper name of the mountain is
5559:
1563:. Sacred-texts.com. Book 8, Chapter 15
1206:, before a Hindu and later a Buddhist temple in
934:who lives near a golden gate with a lake called
596:
1801:. Berkeley, California: Asian Humanities Press.
1796:
1662:History: Geographical concepts in ancient India
1015:places Kailash as located south of Mount Meru.
424:
408:
1744:
1102:) is at the centre of the world surrounded by
688:wide and 80,000 yojanas high according to the
632:("bhuva-madhya") in the land of the Jambunad (
344:
328:
301:
277:
208:
200:In other languages, Mount Meru is pronounced:
117:and is considered to be the centre of all the
2854:
2338:
628:mentions that Mt. Meru lies at the centre of
545:
502:
486:
463:
356:
317:
261:
250:
232:
220:
3636:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1710:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1698:India: Studies in the proto-history of India
1465:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1098:According to Jain cosmology, Mount Meru (or
529:
392:
180:), to which is added the approbatory prefix
156:. The highest point (the finial bud) on the
2352:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1771:
1647:Journal of the K.R. Cama Oriental Institute
787:A mural depicting Mt. Meru, in Wat Sakhet,
513:
372:
2861:
2847:
2345:
2331:
1503:
1501:
580:
475:
450:
188:is also the name of the central bead in a
152:xūmízuò style base is a common feature of
1969:Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses
1857:"Preliminary practice (ngöndro) overview"
1659:
1409:"THƯỢNG THẤT TIÊU TAI TẬP PHÚC DIỆU KINH"
908:are described as frequenting Mount Meru.
692:and 84,000 yojanas high according to the
129:, which was influenced by the arrival of
2084:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
2081:
1940:
1921:
1898:
1896:
1774:The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
1387:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.).
1076:
844:
650:Prithvī-madhye shrūyate drishyate na tu"
51:
4823:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1965:
1767:
1765:
1581:
1498:
1032:manuscript written in the 15th-century
856:believe Mount Meru to be a stairway to
5560:
5026:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2151:Schubring, Walther (1995), pp. 204–246
1999:
1677:India: Geographical data in the early
1623:
1608:
1532:
2842:
2326:
2255:"Jainism Literature Center - Rituals"
2200:from the original on 19 November 2002
2050:
1902:
1893:
1776:. Boston: Shambhala. pp. 83–84.
1695:
1386:
238:
195:
2118:
2106:
1762:
1674:
1660:Rosenthal, Bernice Glatzer (1967).
1237:, Thailand, representing Mount Meru
1214:, symbolize the peaks of Mount Meru
849:The cosmic tortoise, and Mount Meru
464:
13:
4813:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2051:Mohan, T.S. (January–March 2012).
1753:
1724:
1588:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 16.
1432:
1113:is taken to the summit of Meru by
14:
5629:
2276:
2230:India: Art and Culture, 1300-1900
1609:Curzon, George Nathaniel (1968).
1539:. Psychology Press. p. 271.
826:, India, representing Mount Meru.
717:, and the western one is made of
5545:
5533:
5521:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5041:Thai temple art and architecture
4786:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3026:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2892:
2879:
2869:
2496:
2183:
1318:
1291:
1268:
1242:
1219:
1195:
1069:, the tallest mountain in Java.
812:
800:
780:
759:
747:
41:. For the fictional nation, see
2893:
2247:
2220:
2204:
2177:
2160:
2154:
2112:
2075:
2044:
2018:
1993:
1959:
1871:
1849:
1831:
1805:
1790:
1735:
1718:
1689:
1668:
1653:
1638:
1617:
1120:
5031:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4833:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3913:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3104:Places where the Buddha stayed
2233:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1972:. Sarup and Sons. p. 93.
1728:Narapati Jayacharya Swarodayah
1602:
1575:
1553:
1526:
1473:
1426:
1401:
1380:
878:is 3,200 yojanas according to
834:
822:, a famous Buddhist temple at
775:with Mount Meru in the centre.
713:, the southern one is made of
665:
1:
5046:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1433:C., Huntington, John (2003).
1072:
917:, Meru is located amidst the
709:, the eastern one is made of
684:is south of it. It is 80,000
5573:Locations in Hindu mythology
4803:Buddhism and the Roman world
4779:Decline of Buddhism in India
4774:History of Buddhism in India
2874: Topics in
2000:Bansal, Sunita Pant (2005).
1081:Painting of Mount Meru from
882:and slightly less so in the
610:according to most scholars.
604:
163:
7:
4001:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3741:
2311:Tibetan Cosmological Models
1679:
1634:in Translation. p. 56.
1630:
1582:Chapman, Graham P. (2003).
1337:
1325:Depiction of Mount Meru at
1286:, representing Mount Sumeru
1263:, representing Mount Sumeru
1202:The five central towers of
1147:from the 8th century CE in
1003:and flow to the earth. The
646:
638:Narapatijayacharyasvarodaya
103:sacred five-peaked mountain
29:Mount Meru (disambiguation)
10:
5634:
4951:The unanswerable questions
1941:Chamaria, Pradeep (1996).
1813:"The View from Mount Meru"
1533:Sachau, Edward C. (2001).
1091:
838:
669:
168:Etymologically, 'meru' in
33:
18:
5479:
5431:
5346:
5261:
5036:Buddhist temples in Korea
4959:
4861:
4744:
4441:
4369:
4196:
4069:
4009:
3644:
3599:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3510:
3502:Three planes of existence
3450:
3295:
3187:
3117:
3109:Buddha in world religions
2971:
2916:
2888:
2818:
2729:
2647:
2505:
2494:
2364:
1696:Singh, M.R., Dr. (1971).
1624:Walker, Benjamin (1969).
1513:Nichiren Buddhism Library
1344:Sacred mountains of India
1166:In Buddhist temples, the
581:
562:
546:
530:
514:
487:
451:
425:
409:
393:
373:
357:
345:
329:
302:
278:
262:
233:
221:
209:
19:For the Indian peak, see
5593:Ancient Indian mountains
4818:Persecution of Buddhists
4039:Four stages of awakening
3420:Three marks of existence
3006:Physical characteristics
2802:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2082:Soekmono, Dr R. (1973).
2002:Hindu Gods and Goddesses
1966:Chandra, Suresh (1998).
1945:. Abhinav Publications.
1797:Vasubandhu (1988–1990).
1374:
1159:, where temples feature
4181:Ten principal disciples
3064:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2130:Oxford University Press
1907:. Futura Publications.
1903:Allen, Charles (1982).
1725:Mishra, Dr. Satyendra.
1233:, a Buddhist temple in
318:
251:
89:: मेरु), also known as
5583:Mythological mountains
5568:Mount Meru (mythology)
4891:Buddhism and democracy
4404:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4399:Chinese Buddhist canon
3631:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3626:Early Buddhist schools
1879:"Heruka Chakrasamvara"
1390:India through the ages
1089:
967:describes Kailash and
950:along with their wife
850:
700:is at its peak, where
597:
503:
476:
240:[mjɪ̰ɴmòtàʊɰ̃]
75:
62:of Mount Meru and the
27:. For other uses, see
5613:Mountains in Hinduism
5608:Mountains in Buddhism
4901:Eight Consciousnesses
3011:Life of Buddha in art
2316:31 March 2018 at the
1799:Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam
1675:Dube, Bechan (1972).
1561:"The Devi Bhagavatam"
1304:Pura Ulun Danu Bratan
1080:
876:Earth's circumference
862:, a heaven where the
848:
690:Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam
676:Mount Meru (Buddhism)
55:
25:Mount Meru (Tanzania)
5618:Mountains in Jainism
5378:East Asian religions
4808:Buddhism in the West
4379:Early Buddhist texts
3994:Four Right Exertions
3460:Ten spiritual realms
2953:Noble Eightfold Path
1839:"What Is a Mandala?"
1772:Robert Beer (2003).
1129:architecture with a
820:The Mahabodhi Temple
552:Maha Meru Parvathaya
5501:Religion portal
5248:Temple of the Tooth
5127:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4166:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3659:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3442:Two truths doctrine
3262:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3062:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1905:A Mountain in Tibet
1485:Sanskrit Dictionary
1369:The Eight Mountains
1329:, a Jain temple in
1231:Wat Chaiwatthanaram
1141:Harshat Mata Temple
1048:) ordered the gods
942:arises. As per the
5603:Buddhist mythology
5598:Buddhist cosmology
5423:Western philosophy
5021:Dzong architecture
4843:Vipassana movement
4838:Buddhist modernism
4266:Emperor Wen of Sui
4034:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3967:Threefold Training
3769:Vipassana movement
3485:Hungry Ghost realm
3305:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3252:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
3001:Great Renunciation
2996:Eight Great Events
2878:
2173:on 30 January 2012
1683:: A critical study
1090:
851:
672:Buddhist cosmology
572:ri gyal po ri rab)
415:Mahameru Parvatham
379:Phnom Preah Someru
196:In other languages
115:Buddhist cosmology
76:
5509:
5508:
5147:Om mani padme hum
4853:Women in Buddhism
4769:Buddhist councils
4639:Western countries
4427:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
4188:Shaolin Monastery
3765:Samatha-vipassanā
3375:Pratītyasamutpāda
3179:Metteyya/Maitreya
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
2926:Four Noble Truths
2836:
2835:
2261:on 16 August 2019
2184:Shah, Pravin K.,
2139:978-0-19-538502-1
2011:978-8-187-96772-9
1979:978-81-7625-039-9
1952:978-8-170-17336-6
1843:studybuddhism.com
1546:978-0-415-24497-8
1413:thegioivohinh.com
911:According to the
563:ཪི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་
383:Phnom Preah Somae
64:Buddhist universe
5625:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5538:
5537:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5517:
5499:
5498:
5487:
5486:
5326:Sacred languages
5174:Maya Devi Temple
5137:Mahabodhi Temple
4941:Secular Buddhism
4906:Engaged Buddhism
3746:
3594:Tibetan Buddhism
3545:Vietnamese Thiền
3144:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
2896:
2895:
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2873:
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2840:
2839:
2500:
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2340:
2333:
2324:
2323:
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2270:
2268:
2266:
2257:. Archived from
2251:
2245:
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2224:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2181:
2175:
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2169:, archived from
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2110:
2104:
2098:
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2079:
2073:
2072:
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2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:. 4 October 2023
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:. Smriti Books.
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1938:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1859:. September 2009
1853:
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1835:
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1819:. 20 August 2013
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1550:
1536:Alberuni's India
1530:
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1471:
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1419:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1384:
1322:
1310:and his consort
1306:is dedicated to
1295:
1276:Hsinbyume Pagoda
1272:
1246:
1223:
1199:
1184:Hsinbyume Pagoda
1168:Mahabodhi Temple
1145:Harshnath Temple
1087:Samghayanarayana
1012:Bhagavata Purana
969:Lake Manasarovar
897:Bhagavata Purana
816:
804:
784:
763:
751:
694:Long Āgama Sutra
649:
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565:
564:
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532:
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516:
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489:
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467:
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455:(“Meru Pôrbôtô”)
454:
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439:: सुमेरु पर्वत (
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66:, 19th century,
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5578:Hindu cosmology
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5493:
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5427:
5342:
5257:
4994:Ordination hall
4955:
4857:
4828:Buddhist crisis
4740:
4437:
4389:Mahayana sutras
4365:
4361:Thích Nhất Hạnh
4192:
4065:
4005:
3955:Bodhisattva vow
3640:
3506:
3446:
3405:Taṇhā (Craving)
3340:Five hindrances
3291:
3183:
3113:
2967:
2912:
2884:
2867:
2837:
2832:
2828:Hindu mythology
2814:
2725:
2643:
2501:
2492:
2360:
2351:
2318:Wayback Machine
2279:
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2080:
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2053:"Kailash Yatra"
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1123:
1096:
1075:
1026:Tantu Pagelaran
961:The Hindu epic
940:Mandakini river
843:
841:Hindu cosmology
837:
832:
831:
830:
827:
817:
808:
805:
796:
785:
776:
764:
755:
752:
678:
670:Main articles:
668:
617:, northwest of
607:
587:Khao phra sumen
547:මහා මේරු පර්වතය
520:Maha Meru Malai
465:ސުމޭރު-މަންދަރަ
410:മഹാമേരു പർവ്വതം
234:မြင်းမိုရ်တောင်
198:
166:
154:Chinese pagodas
72:Trongsa, Bhutan
48:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5631:
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5600:
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5588:Jain cosmology
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5062:
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5060:
5058:Greco-Buddhist
5050:
5049:
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5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5009:Burmese pagoda
5001:
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4791:Greco-Buddhism
4788:
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4771:
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4433:Abhidharmadīpa
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4351:B. R. Ambedkar
4348:
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4328:
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4271:Songtsen Gampo
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3998:
3997:
3996:
3986:
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3950:Eight precepts
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3723:
3721:Five Strengths
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3360:Mental factors
3357:
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3259:
3254:
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3229:
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3219:
3214:
3212:Mahamoggallāna
3209:
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3199:
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3191:
3185:
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3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
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3127:Avalokiteśvara
3123:
3121:
3115:
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3112:
3111:
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2303:
2294:
2289:
2278:
2277:External links
2275:
2273:
2272:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2203:
2187:Jain Geography
2176:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2111:
2099:
2092:
2074:
2057:Hinduism Today
2043:
2017:
2010:
1992:
1978:
1958:
1951:
1920:
1913:
1892:
1870:
1848:
1830:
1804:
1789:
1783:978-1590301005
1782:
1761:
1743:
1734:
1717:
1688:
1667:
1652:
1637:
1616:
1613:. p. 184.
1601:
1594:
1574:
1552:
1545:
1525:
1509:"Mount Sumeru"
1497:
1472:
1443:
1425:
1400:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Hara Berezaiti
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1194:
1122:
1119:
1094:Jain cosmology
1092:Main article:
1083:Jain cosmology
1074:
1071:
839:Main article:
836:
833:
829:
828:
818:
811:
809:
806:
799:
797:
786:
779:
777:
765:
758:
756:
753:
746:
743:
742:
741:
667:
664:
662:to the south.
655:
654:
651:
626:Suryasiddhanta
606:
603:
602:
601:
590:
574:
555:
539:
523:
507:
496:
480:
469:
456:
444:
434:
418:
402:
386:
374:ភ្នំព្រះសុមេរុ
366:
350:
338:
322:
311:
287:
271:
255:
244:
226:
214:
197:
194:
165:
162:
44:Genshin Impact
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5630:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
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5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5263:Miscellaneous
5260:
5254:
5253:Vegetarianism
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
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5224:
5222:
5219:
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5209:
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5076:
5075:Buddha in art
5073:
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4729:United States
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4380:
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4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Padmasambhava
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
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4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4198:Major figures
4195:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
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4149:
4145:
4144:Western tulku
4142:
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4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
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3999:
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3990:
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3970:
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3948:
3946:
3945:Five precepts
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Dhamma vicaya
3921:
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3897:
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3808:
3806:
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3801:
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3766:
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3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Buddhābhiṣeka
3689:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
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3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
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3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Enlightenment
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Dhamma theory
3323:
3321:
3320:Buddha-nature
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Samantabhadra
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
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2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2793:Bhagavad Gita
2790:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:Other deities
2646:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2489:
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2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
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2407:
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2402:
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2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:Hindu deities
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2240:9780030061141
2236:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2109:, p. 90.
2108:
2103:
2095:
2093:979-413-290-X
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1914:0-7088-2411-0
1910:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1881:. Khandro.net
1880:
1874:
1858:
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5441:Bodhisattvas
5361:Christianity
5356:Baháʼí Faith
5221:Dharmachakra
5211:Prayer wheel
5201:Prayer beads
4969:Architecture
4848:969 Movement
4632:Saudi Arabia
4610:Central Asia
4603:South Africa
4425:
4408:
4341:Panchen Lama
4246:Buddhapālita
3842:Satipatthana
3837:Mindful Yoga
3750:Recollection
3664:Brahmavihara
3535:Japanese Zen
3530:Chinese Chan
3490:Animal realm
3297:Key concepts
3119:Bodhisattvas
2931:Three Jewels
2807:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2702:Gramadevatas
2636:
2485:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2249:
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2179:
2171:the original
2167:Ignca.nic.in
2166:
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2063:(1): 18–33.
2060:
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2034:. Retrieved
2029:
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1968:
1961:
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1816:
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1758:. p. 3.
1755:
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1565:. Retrieved
1555:
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1484:
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1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1389:
1382:
1299:
1250:
1226:
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1136:
1130:
1127:Hindu temple
1124:
1121:Architecture
1108:
1099:
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1067:Mount Semeru
1030:Old Javanese
1023:
1016:
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997:lapis lazuli
974:
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956:Yudhishthira
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880:Varahamihira
857:
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773:sand mandala
770:Cakrasaṃvara
737:Cakrasaṃvara
723:
715:lapis lazuli
698:Trāyastriṃśa
693:
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629:
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582:เขาพระสุเมรุ
571:
551:
536:Meru Parvata
535:
519:
515:மகா மேரு மலை
504:Bulkang Meru
492:
440:
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382:
378:
363:Meru Parvata
362:
334:
307:
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185:
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167:
136:Many famous
135:
123:metaphysical
98:
94:
90:
78:
77:
49:
43:
36:
5286:Dharma talk
5115:Asalha Puja
4911:Eschatology
4714:Switzerland
4694:New Zealand
4622:Middle East
4531:Philippines
4451:Afghanistan
4256:Bodhidharma
4241:Buddhaghosa
4161:Householder
4071:Monasticism
4024:Bodhisattva
3879:Prostration
3832:Mindfulness
3760:Anapanasati
3743:Kammaṭṭhāna
3540:Korean Seon
3480:Asura realm
3475:Human realm
3415:Ten Fetters
3370:Parinirvana
3272:Uppalavanna
3237:Mahākaccana
3222:Mahākassapa
3154:Kṣitigarbha
3149:Ākāśagarbha
3046:Suddhodāna
2991:Four sights
2918:Foundations
2786:Mahabharata
2697:Kuladevatas
2476:Vishvakarma
2071:. 70696022.
1985:6 September
1249:A Buddhist
1161:Meru towers
1111:Tirthankara
1042:Batara Guru
1006:Vayu Purana
944:Mahabharata
927:Mahabharata
914:Mahabharata
904:. Gods and
885:Aryabhatiya
835:In Hinduism
666:In Buddhism
493:Meru Parbat
319:Bantay Meru
308:Meru Parvat
284:Meru Parvat
178:Meruparvata
176:(Sanskrit:
5562:Categories
5403:Psychology
5383:Gnosticism
5371:Comparison
5366:Influences
5348:Comparison
5231:Bhavacakra
5189:Kushinagar
5164:Pilgrimage
5110:Māgha Pūjā
5065:Bodhi Tree
4881:Buddhology
4871:Abhidharma
4863:Philosophy
4796:Menander I
4664:Costa Rica
4615:Uzbekistan
4456:Bangladesh
4410:Dhammapada
4394:Pali Canon
4356:Ajahn Chah
4336:Dalai Lama
4236:Kumārajīva
4231:Vasubandhu
4206:The Buddha
4114:Zen master
4049:Sakadagami
4029:Buddhahood
3960:Pratimokṣa
3775:Shikantaza
3731:Meditation
3706:Deity yoga
3577:Madhyamaka
3470:Deva realm
3365:Mindstream
3315:Bodhicitta
3227:Aṅgulimāla
3094:Devadatta
3070:Yaśodharā
2973:The Buddha
2963:Middle Way
2768:Upanishads
2687:Gandharvas
2411:Dattatreya
2120:Cort, John
2036:1 December
1863:10 October
1817:Lions Roar
1444:1932476016
1364:Axis mundi
1327:Jambudweep
1204:Angkor Wat
1104:Jambūdvīpa
1073:In Jainism
1059:Jambudvipa
682:Jambūdvīpa
634:Jambudvīpa
593:Vietnamese
531:మేరు పర్వత
452:ମେରୁ ପର୍ବତ
431:Sümber Uul
426:Сүмбэр Уул
358:ಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತ
303:मेरु पर्वत
279:મેરૂ પર્વત
252:Bukid Meru
222:মেরু পর্বত
210:মেৰু পর্বত
79:Mount Meru
5471:Festivals
5451:Buddhists
5413:Theosophy
5216:Symbolism
5206:Hama yumi
5179:Bodh Gaya
4946:Socialism
4921:Evolution
4896:Economics
4734:Venezuela
4649:Australia
4644:Argentina
4568:Sri Lanka
4563:Singapore
4481:Indonesia
4443:Countries
4384:Tripiṭaka
4346:Ajahn Mun
4221:Nagarjuna
4216:Aśvaghoṣa
4099:Anagārika
4094:Śrāmaṇerī
4089:Śrāmaṇera
4084:Bhikkhunī
4044:Sotāpanna
3933:Passaddhi
3874:Offerings
3849:Nekkhamma
3726:Iddhipada
3646:Practices
3616:Theravada
3589:Vajrayana
3582:Yogachara
3552:Pure Land
3465:Six Paths
3452:Cosmology
3232:Anuruddha
3207:Sāriputta
3197:Kaundinya
3189:Disciples
3164:Vajrapāṇi
3016:Footprint
2981:Tathāgata
2707:Rakshasas
2577:Mahavidya
2520:Saraswati
2507:Goddesses
2436:Kartikeya
2265:16 August
2122:(2010) ,
2107:Cort 2010
2069:0896-0801
1823:17 August
1706:cite book
1518:17 August
1490:16 August
1461:cite book
1359:Yggdrasil
1354:Himavanta
1235:Ayutthaya
1208:Siem Reap
1172:Bodh Gaya
1149:Rajasthan
1085:from the
1034:Majapahit
726:Vajrayāna
630:the Earth
605:Geography
598:Núi Tu-di
488:ਮੇਰੂ ਪਰਬਤ
460:Maldivian
421:Mongolian
405:Malayalam
164:Etymology
101:, is the
57:Bhutanese
21:Meru Peak
5540:Religion
5528:Hinduism
5489:Category
5418:Violence
5388:Hinduism
5336:Sanskrit
5291:Hinayana
5276:Amitābha
5236:Swastika
5105:Uposatha
5095:Holidays
5080:Calendar
4926:Humanism
4764:Kanishka
4754:Timeline
4578:Thailand
4546:Kalmykia
4541:Buryatia
4526:Pakistan
4511:Mongolia
4506:Maldives
4501:Malaysia
4466:Cambodia
4331:Shamarpa
4326:Nichiren
4276:Xuanzang
4211:Nagasena
4129:Rinpoche
3859:Pāramitā
3701:Devotion
3621:Navayana
3609:Dzogchen
3572:Nichiren
3520:Mahayana
3512:Branches
3390:Saṅkhāra
3139:Mañjuśrī
3096:(cousin)
3088:(cousin)
3056:(mother)
3048:(father)
3036:Miracles
2986:Birthday
2903:Glossary
2876:Buddhism
2823:Hinduism
2779:Ramayana
2721:Yakshini
2627:Shashthi
2587:Matrikas
2572:Mahadevi
2374:Trimurti
2314:Archived
2195:archived
1453:52430713
1338:See also
1312:Parvathi
1280:Mandalay
1257:Wat Arun
1212:Cambodia
1182:and the
1180:Thailand
1176:Wat Arun
1132:Shikhara
964:Ramayana
952:Draupadi
948:Pandavas
923:Saivatra
902:Kailasha
894:and the
824:Bodhgaya
793:Thailand
660:Kailasha
349:(Semeru)
341:Javanese
335:Shumisen
325:Japanese
290:Sanskrit
274:Gujarati
268:Xūmíshān
205:Assamese
170:Sanskrit
158:pyatthat
146:Buddhist
131:Buddhism
119:physical
99:Mahāmeru
83:Sanskrit
5514:Portals
5466:Temples
5446:Buddhas
5408:Science
5398:Judaism
5393:Jainism
5311:Lineage
5271:Abhijñā
5241:Thangka
5184:Sarnath
5169:Lumbini
5090:Funeral
5085:Cuisine
4961:Culture
4936:Reality
4886:Creator
4876:Atomism
4746:History
4719:Ukraine
4679:Germany
4598:Senegal
4588:Vietnam
4516:Myanmar
4316:Shinran
4306:Karmapa
4281:Shandao
4251:Dignāga
4176:Śrāvaka
4156:Donchee
4151:Kappiya
4109:Sayadaw
4079:Bhikkhu
4054:Anāgāmi
4011:Nirvana
3977:Samadhi
3864:Paritta
3805:Tonglen
3800:Mandala
3755:Smarana
3736:Mantras
3684:Upekkha
3654:Bhavana
3604:Shingon
3557:Tiantai
3410:Tathātā
3400:Śūnyatā
3395:Skandha
3385:Saṃsāra
3380:Rebirth
3355:Kleshas
3345:Indriya
3247:Subhūti
3132:Guanyin
3086:Ānanda
3078:Rāhula
2958:Nirvana
2898:Outline
2773:Puranas
2761:Atharva
2730:Texts (
2717:Yakshas
2712:Vahanas
2682:Dikpāla
2655:Apsaras
2607:Rukmini
2582:Matangi
2530:Parvati
2525:Lakshmi
2515:Tridevi
2441:Krishna
2421:Hanuman
2416:Ganesha
2406:Chandra
2401:Ashvins
1885:2 March
1680:Purāṇas
1631:Purāṇas
1567:2 March
1418:8 March
1284:Myanmar
1261:Bangkok
1188:Myanmar
1137:Śikhara
985:crystal
919:Himavat
868:yojanas
789:Bangkok
767:Tibetan
730:maṇḍala
711:crystal
686:yojanas
647:Sumeruḥ
619:Kashmir
558:Tibetan
542:Sinhala
499:Tagalog
483:Punjabi
399:Sumisan
353:Kannada
314:Ilocano
294:Marathi
258:Chinese
247:Cebuano
229:Burmese
217:Bengali
60:thangka
5461:Sutras
5456:Suttas
5321:Siddhi
5306:Koliya
5281:Brahmā
5196:Poetry
5142:Mantra
5132:Kasaya
5004:Pagoda
4984:Kyaung
4979:Vihāra
4974:Temple
4916:Ethics
4759:Ashoka
4709:Sweden
4704:Poland
4699:Norway
4689:Mexico
4674:France
4659:Canada
4654:Brazil
4593:Africa
4573:Taiwan
4536:Russia
4461:Bhutan
4421:Vinaya
4301:Naropa
4291:Saraha
4226:Asanga
3982:Prajñā
3891:Refuge
3854:Nianfo
3815:Tertön
3810:Tantra
3795:Ganana
3785:Tukdam
3711:Dhyāna
3679:Mudita
3674:Karuṇā
3567:Risshū
3562:Huayan
3495:Naraka
3435:Anattā
3430:Dukkha
3425:Anicca
3330:Dharma
3282:Channa
3217:Ānanda
3202:Assaji
3169:Skanda
3072:(wife)
3041:Family
3021:Relics
2946:Sangha
2941:Dharma
2936:Buddha
2677:Devata
2670:Danava
2665:Daitya
2660:Asuras
2622:Shakti
2612:Sanjna
2602:Rohini
2562:Shachi
2547:Chhaya
2466:Varuna
2456:Shasta
2446:Kubera
2384:Vishnu
2379:Brahma
2237:
2216:, 1834
2136:
2090:
2067:
2030:News24
2008:
1976:
1949:
1911:
1780:
1592:
1543:
1481:"Meru"
1451:
1441:
1109:Every
1100:Sumeru
1054:Vishnu
1050:Brahma
1001:Ganges
995:, and
946:, the
932:Kubera
872:yojana
859:Svarga
854:Hindus
734:Buddha
615:Pamirs
526:Telugu
477:Sineru
437:Nepali
389:Korean
381:) or (
346:ꦱꦼꦩꦺꦫꦸ
150:zh:须弥座
144:, and
127:Taoism
113:, and
95:Sineru
91:Sumeru
39:(film)
37:Sumeru
5552:India
5433:Lists
5301:Kalpa
5296:Iddhi
5159:Music
5154:Mudra
5120:Vassa
5100:Vesak
5070:Budai
5016:Candi
4999:Stupa
4931:Logic
4684:Italy
4583:Tibet
4521:Nepal
4491:Korea
4486:Japan
4476:India
4471:China
4416:Sutra
4371:Texts
4321:Dōgen
4311:Hōnen
4296:Atiśa
4261:Zhiyi
4171:Achar
4139:Tulku
4134:Geshe
4119:Rōshi
4104:Ajahn
4059:Arhat
4019:Bodhi
3989:Vīrya
3906:Sacca
3901:Satya
3896:Sādhu
3884:Music
3827:Merit
3820:Terma
3780:Zazen
3716:Faith
3669:Mettā
3350:Karma
3310:Bardo
3277:Asita
3267:Khema
3257:Upāli
3242:Nanda
3080:(son)
3054:Māyā
3031:Films
2908:Index
2756:Yajur
2741:Vedas
2592:Radha
2557:Ganga
2552:Durga
2542:Bhumi
2537:Aditi
2461:Surya
2426:Indra
2389:Shiva
2358:texts
2306:Ngari
2198:(PDF)
2191:(PDF)
2161:CIL,
1649:: 38.
1375:Notes
1308:Shiva
1252:prang
1227:Prang
1115:Indra
1063:India
1046:Shiva
1028:, an
981:lotus
936:Alaka
906:devas
864:devas
702:Śakra
568:Wylie
510:Tamil
369:Khmer
298:Hindi
138:Hindu
107:Hindu
97:, or
5331:Pāḷi
5316:Māra
5226:Flag
4627:Iran
4551:Tuva
4496:Laos
4124:Lama
3972:Śīla
3940:Śīla
3928:Pīti
3918:Sati
3869:Puja
3790:Koan
3696:Dāna
3287:Yasa
3174:Tārā
2809:more
2751:Sama
2732:list
2692:Gana
2638:more
2632:Sita
2617:Sati
2597:Rati
2567:Kali
2487:more
2481:Yama
2471:Vayu
2451:Rama
2431:Kama
2396:Agni
2366:Gods
2356:and
2267:2019
2235:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2065:ISSN
2038:2023
2006:ISBN
1987:2023
1974:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1887:2012
1865:2016
1825:2019
1778:ISBN
1712:link
1590:ISBN
1569:2012
1541:ISBN
1520:2019
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