450:
Meadows are mainly found on the flat, fertile plains at the foot of the mountain, often in places where former oak forests have been cleared to make space for farmland. These areas tend to have non-calcareous brown soil to the wetlands. The Naip plain, which has alluvial soil, is especially rich in
197:
Generally, Mount Ganos has a semi-humid climate typical of the
Marmara region. Because of its altitude, the mountain experiences cooler temperatures and receives more rainfall than the plains below. Its average annual temperature is less than 10 °C and its average yearly rainfall is more than
683:, not very picky about the type of soil it will grow in, although on Mount Ganos it grows most commonly on the eastern side of the mountain, on slopes facing the sea. These areas tend to have bedrock dominated by sandstone, claystone, and siltstone. Most of the plant species in the
1099:
The mixed-leaf forests tend to grow in areas with non-calcareous brown forest soil overlying bedrock made of sandstone, claystone, and siltstone. Closer to the coast, the temperature tends to be milder; in these areas, the predominant oak trees are accompanied by
331:
have been identified as making up Mount Ganos: the Gaziköy
Formation (the oldest), the Keşan Formation, the Mezardere Formation, and then finally the Osmancık Formation (the youngest). These formations are primarily exposed on the south side of the mountain.
324:(which is part of the North Anatolian Fault) and being covered up by sedimentation in the Tekirdağ Basin. This process has been going on for at least the last 2 million years, and has resulted in the mountain being moved eastward by at least 40 km.
167:
Mount Ganos is basically a small mountain range that runs northeast-southwest at an approximately 70° angle. Its length in this direction is about 35 km, its width ranges from about 8 to 11 km, and its summit is 924 m above sea level.
348:
There are some wetland areas along ponds and streams, mainly in the vicinity of Yeniköy, Yazır and Işıklar. These areas have non-calcareous brown forest soil and plants that require high humidity grow here. Trees and shrubs like
651:
shrubland on "the inside of the skirts" of Mount Ganos. These areas cover more arid and rocky hills, and their plants are adapted to drier environments. The plants tend to be low-profile and are often thorny or hairy.
958:
To the south, maquis shrubland gives way to extensive oak forests. These forests span a range of elevations starting at sea level and continuing up onto the mountain. Various oak species populate these forests:
511:
exist in coastal areas where the sea makes the climate more temperate. Herbaceous flora is less common in this biome, but there is a rich array of flowering plants. The predominant tree and shrub species are
1346:, the silver linden. These grow in brown forest soils on bedrock containing a mixture of sandstone, claystone, and siltstone. The lindens are mixed in with oak, ash, and hornbeam trees. Shrubs include
1702:
1207:
In some places, the oak forests have been destroyed by human activity, turning them into maquis shrubland. In these areas, the typical maquis species are accompanied by ruderal species such as
819:
throughout the area, often mixed with other tree types. This species is resistant to winter cold and drought and mostly grows in inland areas with brown forest soil. Other trees include
451:
species diversity. Like other meadow areas, this area faces destruction and conversion into farmland. The meadow flora mainly consists of herbaceous species under the families
211:
1949:
321:
938:
are found especially in upland regions of Mount Ganos. Several distinct broadleaf forest ecosystems exist on Mount Ganos, based on the predominant type of tree.
207:
1412:
1302:). The tree and shrub cover in these hornbeam forests is extensive, which inhibits growth of herbaceous plants below. The predominant species of this layer is
605:
888:
680:
176:
1430:
1312:
1186:
1406:
1366:
991:). Other tree species are also mixed in; some areas contain a mix of broadleaf and coniferous trees, while others are unmixed broadleaf forests.
265:
The mountain's hiking and paragliding routes start near the village of Yeniköy, which is an area largely used for farming and animal husbandry.
1688:
1929:
293:
273:
1370:, but their coverage rate is relatively low, allowing herbaceous plants to grow in the understory. The dominant herbaceous plant species is
243:
1816:"From transpression to transtension: Changes in morphology and structure around a bend on the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region"
866:. These forests are still young, and many of the pine trees are still basically just shrubs. They are accompanied by maquis trees such as
340:
Due to the prevailing
Mediterranean climate, the plant species that grow on Mount Ganos are characteristic of the Mediterranean region.
1934:
247:
1944:
1264:. Because of the low tree cover, there is thick growth of grassy plants, and a high diversity of species. The predominant species is
950:
forests with a diverse mixture of tree species are found in localized patches, particularly on slopes with a mild maritime climate.
942:
forests are the most common; they occupy large areas where the climate is temperate, especially on the south side of the mountain.
61:
186:
Ganos is a steep mountain — the average slope is 24%, and over half of the mountain's surface area has a slope between 10-40°.
1664:
1144:. Herbaceous plant growth covers about 60% of the mixed-leaf forests' area and, like the unmixed forests, is dominated by
179:
also rises up sharply to form Mount Ganos's eastern flank. The mountain's southwestern end falls away steeply toward the
886:. The relatively light woody plant cover allows a diverse array of herbaceous plants to grow here. The most common is
1046:. The unmixed forests tend to have open space between trees, allowing the growth of diverse herbaceous plants in the
589:
Many maquis areas are close to areas of human settlement and subject to being tampered with. In these areas, various
779:, which both are also found throughout this biome. In some places, particularly along the coast and in valleys, the
152:
1018:) grow among the predominant oak trees. Particularly in coastal areas, maquis tree species are also mixed in:
1282:, the eastern hornbeam, are less common on Mount Ganos than oak forests. Other tree species mixed in include
1954:
1939:
946:
forests occur in a more limited range on the northern face, as well as damp riverbeds throughout the area.
54:
855:. Herbaceous plants are low in both density and species diversity; the prevalent species in this group is
1924:
1619:
316:. On a geologic time scale, the mountain is gradually moving eastward, while at the same time undergoing
309:
862:
Recent afforestation efforts, particularly in coastal areas with a mild climate, has tended to prefer
1174:
789:
has resulted in the growth of two new types of pine forest environments. These are predominated by
1380:
156:
530:
1400:
611:
313:
1827:
1150:
595:
578:
429:
328:
171:
On the north side, Mount Ganos rises abruptly from the
Thracian plain. To the east is the
101:
8:
1436:
1394:
1278:
636:
536:
520:
485:
363:
351:
1831:
254:. Geologically, this area was once a river estuary, and has now been filled in by river
1765:
1682:
1328:
1078:
967:
894:
514:
400:
151:. Byzantine Christian monks and clergymen who lived on the mountain included Patriarch
140:, on the European side of modern-day Turkey. It rises up from the western shore of the
1815:
1757:
1670:
1660:
1631:
1348:
1196:
1056:
1010:
961:
761:
624:
435:
1724:
Le sacré et son inscription dans l’espace à Byzance et en
Occident: Études comparées
1835:
1749:
1248:
1242:
1217:
1180:
935:
922:
661:
630:
564:
542:
508:
467:
423:
148:
133:
1122:). Further inland, where the temperatures get colder, more species join the mix:
1088:
983:
816:
590:
548:
491:
442:
These wetlands experience pressure from human activities, especially near Yazır.
259:
1839:
759:. In areas affected by human activity, there are also some ruderal species like
373:
grow in areas along bodies of water. In the "sunny openings" near the wetlands,
1342:
1322:
1136:
996:
767:
479:
473:
461:
214:. These conditions have led to the formation of various soil orders, including
172:
141:
121:
1719:
308:, with the lower plains to the north forming the other part. It was formed by
1918:
1761:
1674:
1635:
1102:
973:
912:
786:
665:
are widespread in these areas; they tend to grow in single-species clusters.
554:
394:
369:
255:
180:
76:
63:
1360:
1164:
675:
417:
1354:
801:
791:
262:
is also done on the plain to produce raw materials for brick factories.
1769:
1705:. Paper presented in the panel ‘Monastic mountains and deserts’, VI.6,
1047:
456:
387:
374:
357:
317:
258:. In the present day, a lot of irrigated farming is done on the plain.
227:
1737:
1624:
International
Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)
1620:"Biotopes in the Ganos (Işıklar) Mountain and Near Surrounding Areas"
1231:
673:
Natural coniferous forests on Mount Ganos are mostly predominated by
305:
297:
284:
by 2011, and the rate of erosion has increased even more since then.
1892:
1753:
943:
648:
296:, which it runs parallel to. The mountain is primarily composed of
231:
292:
Mount Ganos forms an area of "anomalous" uplift at the end of the
452:
269:
251:
223:
219:
215:
147:
The mountain was home to
Christian monks and ascetics during the
1738:"The Patriarch Athanasius (1289-1293; 1303-1309) and the Church"
1340:
Locally, there are patches of forest where the main species is
654:
617:
406:
137:
44:
947:
301:
281:
20:
277:
1748:. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University: 11–28.
1618:
Ekici, Burçin; Korkut, Aslı; Özyavuz, Murat (2018-07-22).
727:) grow in this biome. The most common herbaceous plant is
415:
is the most common. Other plants that are less common are
189:
Two streams cut through Mount Ganos, flowing to the west.
939:
805:, respectively. Their area is small compared to natural
687:
forests are also found in the maquis shrubland. Besides
679:, also known as the Turkish pine. The Turkish pine is a
1893:"Scientific Use of Ganos Mountain and Its Neighborhood"
831:). This is often accompanied by maquis vegetation like
206:
The mountain's soil is predominantly classified as the
1891:
Eroğlu, İlker; Özşahin, Emre; Pektezel, Halid (2016).
1726:. Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2001. (pp. 263-275).
1890:
1050:. The most common herbaceous plant in these areas is
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
304:. It is interpreted as the steep southern part of a
183:, with the slope in some places reaching up to 50°.
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
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1591:
1589:
1587:
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1581:
1579:
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1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
593:occur, especially herbaceous plants. These include
546:. Among the lower-lying plants, the most common is
1809:
1807:
1805:
1617:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1148:. Other herbaceous species in these areas include
465:; other common plants in the meadow biome include
377:plants grow, the most common plants that grow are
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1916:
1853:
1707:21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies
783:forests are under pressure from human activity.
502:
1950:Mountains associated with Byzantine monasticism
1897:Recent Researches in Interdisciplinary Sciences
1814:Okay, Aral; Tüysüz, Okan; Kaya, Şinasi (2004).
1703:Heilige Berge: Das Ganos-Gebirge in Ostthrakien
1450:
1813:
1782:
1657:Landscape, Nature, and the Sacred in Byzantium
19:For the town named after the mountain, see
1687:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1654:
175:, where the northern edge of the undersea
1648:
272:has taken place in one area in the upper
246:, a flat alluvial plain surrounding the
994:In the unmixed broadleaf forest areas,
280:that formed around 2004 developed into
242:To the northeast of Mount Ganos is the
1917:
1735:
16:Mountain in Tekirdağ Province, Turkey
1930:Greek Orthodox monasteries in Turkey
929:
668:
1271:
13:
1736:Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry (1973).
14:
1966:
1935:Geography of the Byzantine Empire
1335:
250:river. The plain covers some 500
237:
1720:Les saintes montagnes à Byzance
1374:; other common species include
1372:Ranunculus constantinopolitanus
1054:. Other herbaceous species are
1945:Landforms of Tekirdağ Province
1729:
1712:
1695:
953:
153:Athanasius I of Constantinople
1:
1655:Della Dora, Veronica (2016).
1443:
503:Maquis and garrigue shrubland
162:
7:
1840:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.016
343:
276:basin in the 21st century.
136:, is a mountain in eastern
10:
1971:
1332:, and Raphanus rapistrum.
459:. The dominant species is
445:
335:
287:
212:thermic temperature regime
192:
49:945 m (3,100 ft)
18:
1701:Kuelzer, Andreas (2006).
125:
107:
97:
92:
53:
43:
38:
33:
28:
1306:. Other species include
1276:Forests predominated by
1175:Helianthemum nummularium
647:There are also areas of
552:; other species include
1709:. London, 21–26 August.
1381:Brachypodium sylvaticum
201:
157:Maximos of Kafsokalyvia
1440:are more rarely seen.
531:Paliurus spina-christi
322:Central Anatolia Fault
1742:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
1718:Talbot, Alice-Mary. "
1401:Euphorbia helioscopia
1202:Scabiosa atropurpurea
1116:Pistacius terebinthus
918:Scabiosa atropurpurea
777:Scabiosa atropurpurea
757:Scabiosa atropurpurea
612:Scabiosa atropurpurea
329:geological formations
314:North Anatolian Fault
208:xeric moisture regime
77:41.00972°N 27.51611°E
1413:Hypericum bithynicum
1386:Centaurea calcitrapa
1262:Hypericum perforatum
1209:Centaurea calcitrapa
1151:Agrostis stolonifera
1084:Hypericum perforatum
1070:Centaurea calcitrapa
1020:Pistacia terebinthus
876:Pistacia terebinthus
833:Pistacia terebinthus
733:Centaurea calcitrapa
729:Hypericum perforatum
713:Pistacia terebinthus
596:Centaurea calcitrapa
579:Hypericum perforatum
430:Convolvulus arvensis
390:constantinopolitanus
1955:Geography of Thrace
1940:Mountains of Turkey
1832:2004Tectp.391..259O
1722:". Kaplan, Michel.
1437:Cardamine pratensis
1426:Trifolium campestre
1395:Cynosurus echinatus
1279:Carpinus orientalis
1227:Psorolea bituminosa
1223:Plantago lanceolata
1192:Psorolea bituminosa
1142:Platanus orientalis
1132:Carpinus orientalis
1094:Psorolea bituminosa
1040:Phillyrea latifolia
1032:Juniperus oxycedrus
1006:Carpinus orientalis
934:Dry and semi-moist
868:Juniperus oxycedrus
845:Juniperus oxycedrus
821:Carpinus orientalis
815:grows in scattered
773:Psorolea bituminosa
753:Psorolea bituminosa
705:Phillyrea latifolia
697:Juniperus oxycedrus
637:Rumex conglomeratus
606:Psorolea bituminosa
537:Phillyrea latifolia
521:Juniperus oxycedrus
486:Cynosurus echinatus
364:Phillyrea latifolia
352:Platanus orientalis
73: /
1925:Byzantine Anatolia
1329:Onopordum tauricum
1254:Dactylis glomerata
1156:Anthemis tinctoria
1079:Dactylis glomerata
1028:Cistus parviflorus
968:Quercus infectoria
895:Anthemis tinctoria
889:Trifolium pretense
884:Cistus parviflorus
841:Cistus parviflorus
693:Cistus parviflorus
515:Cistus parviflorus
413:Scirpus sylvaticus
401:Scirpus sylvaticus
128:), today known as
82:41.00972; 27.51611
39:Highest point
1666:978-1-316-48838-6
1349:Ligustrum vulgare
1197:Rapistrum rugosum
1057:Agrostis gigantea
1011:Sorbus torminalis
962:Quercus frainetto
936:broadleaf forests
930:Broadleaf forests
762:Datura stramonium
731:; others include
681:congenial species
669:Coniferous forest
625:Euphorbia falcata
436:Lycopus europaeus
115:
114:
102:Tekirdağ Province
1962:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1811:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1615:
1431:Asperula tenella
1376:Anthemis cretica
1318:Digitalis lanata
1313:Cirsium baytopae
1308:Anthemis cretica
1304:Torilis arvensis
1272:Hornbeam forests
1249:Cirsium italicum
1243:Malva sylvestris
1218:Crepis vesicaria
1187:Phleum subulatum
1181:Origanum vulgare
1044:Spartium junceum
923:Torilis arvensis
853:Spartium junceum
817:tree plantations
709:Spartium junceum
662:Digitalis lanata
631:Plantago lagopus
565:Crupina vulgaris
543:Spartium junceum
509:maquis shrubland
468:Anthemis cretica
424:Clematis vitalba
379:Lamium purpureum
149:Byzantine period
127:
88:
87:
85:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
26:
25:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1812:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1754:10.2307/1291332
1734:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1700:
1696:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1616:
1451:
1446:
1407:Geraniaum molle
1338:
1274:
1170:Glaucium flavum
1089:Muscari comosum
984:Quercus petraea
956:
932:
904:Hordeum murinum
741:Hordeum murinum
721:Quercus petraea
671:
591:ruderal species
570:Hordeum murinum
549:Glaucium flavum
507:Large areas of
505:
492:Hordeum murinum
448:
346:
338:
290:
260:Open-pit mining
240:
204:
195:
165:
81:
79:
75:
72:
67:
64:
62:
60:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1911:
1910:
1852:
1820:Tectonophysics
1781:
1728:
1711:
1694:
1665:
1647:
1630:(1): 264–274.
1448:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1418:Lolium perenne
1367:Smilax excelsa
1343:Tilia argentea
1337:
1336:Linden forests
1334:
1323:Melilotus alba
1292:Fraxinus ornus
1284:Acer campestre
1273:
1270:
1266:Lolium perenne
1146:Lolium perenne
1137:Fraxinus ornus
1124:Acer campestre
1052:Lolium perenne
997:Acer campestre
955:
952:
931:
928:
900:Avena sterilis
857:Lolium perenne
768:Malva neglecta
749:Lolium perenne
670:
667:
584:Lolium perenne
504:
501:
480:Bromus ramosus
474:Avena sterilis
462:Lolium perenne
447:
444:
345:
342:
337:
334:
289:
286:
239:
238:Specific areas
236:
203:
200:
198:1000 mm.
194:
191:
177:Tekirdağ Basin
173:Sea of Marmara
164:
161:
142:Sea of Marmara
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
57:
51:
50:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1967:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1826:(1): 259–82.
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
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1732:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:. Cambridge.
1658:
1651:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
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1534:
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1526:
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1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
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1478:
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1474:
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1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1422:Poa trivialis
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1351:
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1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:Quercus robur
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1224:
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1219:
1214:
1210:
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1199:
1198:
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1189:
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1183:
1182:
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1147:
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1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1103:Olea europaea
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Avena barbata
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
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976:
975:
974:Quercus robur
970:
969:
964:
963:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
927:
925:
924:
919:
915:
914:
913:Poa trivialis
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:
892:; others are
891:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Quercus robur
822:
818:
814:
810:
808:
804:
803:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:Afforestation
784:
782:
778:
774:
771:; as well as
770:
769:
764:
763:
758:
754:
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746:
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738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
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690:
686:
682:
678:
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664:
663:
658:
656:
650:
645:
643:
642:Rumex crispus
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
626:
621:
620:angustifolium
619:
614:
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608:
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602:
598:
597:
592:
587:
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
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555:Avena barbata
551:
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545:
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510:
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395:Rumex crispus
391:
389:
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371:
370:Rubus sanctus
366:
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341:
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256:sedimentation
253:
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235:
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217:
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190:
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181:Gulf of Saros
178:
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119:
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1896:
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1823:
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1745:
1741:
1731:
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1627:
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1429:
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1421:
1417:
1411:
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1389:
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1371:
1365:
1361:Rubus hirtus
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:(subspecies
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:(subspecies
1283:
1277:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:(subspecies
1253:
1247:
1241:
1238:amygdaloides
1237:
1234:amygdaloides
1230:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1191:
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1169:
1165:Briza maxima
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
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1127:
1126:(subspecies
1123:
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1112:Pinus brutia
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:(subspecies
1061:
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1051:
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1039:
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1034:(subspecies
1031:
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1023:
1022:(subspecies
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:(subspecies
995:
993:
988:
987:(subspecies
982:
978:
977:(subspecies
972:
966:
960:
957:
933:
921:
917:
911:
907:
906:(subspecies
903:
899:
893:
887:
883:
879:
878:(subspecies
875:
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870:(subspecies
867:
863:
861:
856:
852:
848:
847:(subspecies
844:
840:
836:
835:(subspecies
832:
828:
827:(subspecies
824:
820:
812:
811:
807:Pinus brutia
806:
800:
796:
795:(subspecies
790:
785:
781:Pinus brutia
780:
776:
772:
766:
760:
756:
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748:
744:
743:(subspecies
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736:
732:
728:
724:
723:(subspecies
720:
716:
715:(subspecies
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:(subspecies
696:
692:
691:, the trees
689:Pinus brutia
688:
685:Pinus brutia
684:
676:Pinus brutia
674:
672:
660:
653:
646:
641:
635:
629:
623:
616:
610:
604:
600:
594:
588:
583:
577:
573:
572:(subspecies
569:
563:
559:
558:(subspecies
553:
547:
541:
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524:(subspecies
519:
513:
506:
496:
495:(subspecies
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
449:
441:
434:
428:
422:
418:Arundo donax
416:
412:
411:. Of these,
405:
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382:
378:
368:
362:
356:
350:
347:
339:
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267:
264:
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205:
196:
188:
185:
170:
166:
146:
130:Işıklar Dağı
129:
117:
116:
34:Işıklar Dağı
1355:Rosa canina
1120:terebinthus
1024:terebinthus
954:Oak forests
880:terebinthus
864:Pinus pinea
837:terebinthus
813:Pinus nigra
802:Pinus pinea
792:Pinus nigra
717:terebinthus
327:Four major
294:Ganos Fault
274:Kavak River
228:inceptisols
118:Mount Ganos
80: /
55:Coordinates
29:Mount Ganos
1919:Categories
1775:2022-06-15
1641:2022-06-15
1444:References
1390:calcitrapa
1213:calcitrapa
1074:calcitrapa
1048:understory
1016:torminalis
797:pallasiana
737:calcitrapa
601:calcitrapa
457:Asteraceae
388:Ranunculus
375:herbaceous
358:Salix alba
320:along the
318:subsidence
312:along the
244:Naip Plain
126:Όρος Γάνος
68:27°30′58″E
65:41°00′35″N
1762:0070-7546
1683:cite book
1675:938434170
1636:2307-4531
1288:campestre
1258:hispanica
1232:Euphorbia
1160:tinctoria
1128:campestre
1036:oxycedrus
1002:campestre
872:oxycedrus
849:oxycedrus
809:forests.
701:oxycedrus
574:leporinum
526:oxycedrus
383:maculatum
306:monocline
298:sandstone
232:mollisols
163:Geography
93:Geography
45:Elevation
1903:26 March
1899:: 478–87
1845:27 March
1108:europaea
944:Hornbeam
649:garrigue
409:aquatica
344:Wetlands
310:slipping
252:hectares
248:Ana Dere
224:entisols
220:andisols
216:alfisols
210:and the
98:Location
1828:Bibcode
1770:1291332
1260:), and
1066:barbata
989:petraea
981:), and
920:, and
908:glaucum
745:glaucum
725:petraea
719:), and
657:persica
560:barbata
497:glaucum
453:Poaceae
446:Meadows
381:(var.
336:Ecology
288:Geology
282:gullies
270:erosion
193:Climate
134:Turkish
108:Country
1768:
1760:
1673:
1663:
1634:
1424:, and
1388:(var.
1364:, and
1294:, and
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1200:, and
1158:(var.
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1008:, and
948:Linden
882:) and
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755:, and
735:(var.
655:Morina
618:Echium
599:(var.
582:, and
407:Alisma
404:, and
367:, and
268:Rapid
230:, and
138:Thrace
111:Turkey
1766:JSTOR
1300:robur
979:robur
829:robur
302:shale
278:Rills
122:Greek
21:Ganos
1905:2023
1847:2023
1758:ISSN
1689:link
1671:OCLC
1661:ISBN
1632:ISSN
1434:and
823:and
775:and
765:and
659:and
640:and
540:and
489:and
455:and
433:and
300:and
202:Soil
155:and
1836:doi
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