474:
444:
205:
363:
38:
459:
198:
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333:
488:
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842:
4238:
665:
878:
1649:
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833:, the area covered by glaciation was much larger and the climatic snow line was between 600 and 1,100 metres (2,000 and 3,600 ft) below what is seen in the present day. The glaciers on Damavand as well as a few other isolated locations are the source of the few permanently flowing rivers in Iran.
860:
There are at least 16 known routes to the summit, with varying levels of difficulty. Some of them are dangerous and require ice climbing. The most popular route is the southern route which has steps and a camp midway called Bargah Sevom Camp/Shelter at 4,220 m (13,850 ft). The
Northeastern
816:
in a village by the name of
Larijan in the district of Larijan Amol in Lar Valley. The water from this spring is believed to be useful in the treatment of chronic wounds and skin diseases and is bottled for distribution throughout Iran. Near these springs there are public baths with small pools for
1935:
is based on the
Persian language 1999 Iranian government 1:50,000 mapping which plots two 5620 contour circles, with a 5628 m spot height for the highest spot on the crater rim (WNW side) and 5626 m for the highest point on the southeast side (and a 5610 m spot height in the due north position.)
1760:
An anthropologist of
Mazandaran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department, Touba Osanlou, has said that a proposal has been made by a group of Iranian mountaineers to register the highest peak in the Middle East, Mount Damavand as a national heritage site. Mazandaran Cultural Heritage and Tourism
808:
near the summit indicate a hot or cooling magma body still present beneath the volcano. The area around the volcano is the most thermally active in Iran and the springs are being monitored to see if fluctuations in water volume and mineral content are useful in crude prediction of large regional
473:
720:
Most volcanic activity originates from the summit area. A few flank vents have been noted, but these are largely on the upper slopes to the southwest and northeast of the summit. A secondary crater, termed Haji Dela, has some young lava flows 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the summit.
716:
is present between 2 and 5 kilometres (1.2 and 3.1 mi) below the surface. This is separated into two areas - an inner region of hot, likely molten, magma between 3 and 4.5 kilometres (1.9 and 2.8 mi) depth that is surrounded by an area of dense cooled magma. The top of the chamber is
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791:
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route is the longest and requires two days to reach the summit starting from the downhill village of Nāndal and a night stay at Takht-e
Fereydoun (elevation 4,300 m (14,100 ft), a two-story shelter. The western route is noted for its sunset view.
792:
660:
The origins and meaning of the word "Damavand" are unclear, yet some prominent researchers have speculated that it probably means "The mountain from which smoke and ash arises", alluding to the volcanic nature of the mountain.
789:
774:
at a rate of 5 millimetres (0.20 in) per year and horizontal expansion at 6 millimetres (0.24 in) per year was observed there between 2003 and 2008, but was gravity driven rather than a result of magmatic activity.
2372:
Moradi, Anvar; Maghsoudi, Mehran; Moghimi, Ebrahim; Yamani, Mojtaba; Rezaei, Nasser (June 2021). "A Comprehensive
Assessment of Geomorphodiversity and Geomorphological Heritage for Damavand Volcano Management, Iran".
364:
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sediments. The volcano is crowned by a small crater with sulfuric deposits. Despite the lack of historical eruptions, ongoing thermal activity at Mount
Damavand suggests the volcano is not extinct.
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are mainly located on the volcano's flanks and at the base, giving evidence of volcanic heat comparatively near the surface of the earth. Hot springs at the base and on the flanks and
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to rise and does not usually create volcanic activity. Despite this, recent research suggests that a hot region created by the collision is what caused the volcano to rise.
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Shirzaei, M.; Walter, T.R.; Nankali, H.R.; Holohan, E.P. (March 2011). "Gravity-driven deformation of
Damavand volcano, Iran, detected through InSAR time series".
1738:
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1684:) is common in the higher altitudes. On northern slopes, because of higher humidity, there are wild oak, beech, hornbean and hazel trees like: Persian oak (
1732:
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865:(Sīmorgh/Sīmurgh) shelter in this route at 4,100 m (13,500 ft) is a newly constructed two-story shelter. There is a frozen waterfall/icefall (
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4996:
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Shomali, Z. Hossein; Shirzad, Taghi (January 2015). "Crustal structure of
Damavand volcano, Iran, from ambient noise and earthquake tomography".
1327:
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deposits have been noted in drainages radiating from the mountain. One major explosive event is known to have erupted about 280,000 years ago.
2122:
Davidson, Jon; Hassanzadeh, Jamshid; Berzins, Reinis; Stockli, Daniel F.; Bashukooh, Behrooz; Turrin, Brent; Pandamouz, Ali (1 January 2004).
4274:
137:
1319:
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Lay, D.M. A Study of the
Mammals of Iran (Resulting From the Street Expedition ). Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago .1967.
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was chained within Mount Damāvand, there to remain until the end of the world. In a later version of the same legend, the tyrant
3743:
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2575:
2474:
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2228:
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Mokhtari, Mohammad (February 2010). "Earthquake prediction activities and Damavand earthquake precursor test site in Iran".
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3400:
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115:
2718:
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1932:
1744:
90:
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523:. It is the symbol of Iranian resistance against despotism and foreign rule in Persian poetry and literature. In
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is presently in the process of renaming an upcoming ancient festivity after Mount Damavand. "We have proposed
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1940:
130:
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1812:
1807:
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292:
82:
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1802:
20:
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3344:
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Mozaffarian, V. Lar National Park Management Program. Natural Environment Department Library. 2004.
2001:
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Department has accepted the proposal, the Persian daily Jam-e Jam reported. Osanlou noted that the
1726:
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almost 1.78 million years ago, but the current edifice began to be built around 600,000 years ago.
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4172:
4121:
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3104:
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2516:
2006:
1716:
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Shahbazi, Y. Lar National Park Management Program. Natural Environment Department Library. 2004.
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are present on the upper slopes of Damavand, the largest of which is Yakhar Glacier. During the
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2020:
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gives 18,365 feet (5,598 meters) but states in the margin that all elevations are derived from
1832:
1674:
508:
280:
110:
74:
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5070:
4912:
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4126:
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3054:
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2177:
2135:
1625:
1574:
830:
608:
536:
120:
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Noroozi, Jalil; Talebi, Amir; Doostmohammadi, Moslem (2020). "The Alborz Mountain Range".
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443:
8:
4922:
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4283:
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3722:
3612:
3562:
3286:
3280:
3264:
3049:
3043:
2751:
2067:
1698:
1686:
1566:
650:
437:
240:
47:
2386:
2342:
2278:
2181:
2139:
4899:
4736:
4024:
3958:
3637:
3607:
2757:
2630:
Mohammadian, H. Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2004.
2530:
2439:
2398:
2354:
2234:
2193:
1822:
1720:). At higher altitudes, shrubs tend to be sphere and cushion like, examples are :
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1434:
813:
612:
393:
102:
717:
believed to lie to the south of the summit, trending somewhat to the west with depth.
4927:
4888:
4873:
4710:
4577:
3547:
3527:
3447:
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2588:
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2443:
2429:
2402:
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2238:
2224:
2197:
1680:
1617:
1538:
1490:
1418:
1011:
592:
520:
405:
404:), at an elevation of 5,609 metres (18,402 ft). Damāvand has a special place in
397:
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Mohammadian, H. The Life of Alborz Red Sheep. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2008.
4825:
4600:
4325:
4309:
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3622:
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3457:
3157:
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2346:
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2216:
2185:
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1924:
1900:
1692:
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866:
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599:) as the location from which the hero shot his magical arrow to mark the border of
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37:
2418:
Plant Biogeography and Vegetation of High Mountains of Central and South-West Asia
1974:
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2722:
1885:
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1474:
1410:
698:
458:
3577:
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Mohammadian, H. Mountain birds of Tehran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2008.
2543:
Mohammadian, H. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. Sepehr Publishing Center. Iran. 2000.
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2425:
2220:
1957:
1776:, to be named as Damavand National Day," she added. Tirgan Festivity is held in
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1996:
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On the southern slope of Damavand, there are remnants of wild pistachia trees (
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was also chained in a cave somewhere in Mount Damāvand after being defeated by
332:
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From mid-May to mid-June the foothills of Damavand are covered in red poppies
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713:
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range in northern Iran, separating the Iranian plateau to the south from the
492:
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285:
152:
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Yazdani, A. Lar the Paradise I Knew. Payam Resan Publishing Institute. 2010.
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Mozaffarian, V. Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publishers. 2005.
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381:
317:
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95:
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Seismic wave patterns from earthquakes around the volcano indicate that a
668:
Fumarole at 5,550 metres (18,210 ft) elevation on the volcano's slope
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is higher than Damāvand, but are not considered to be volcanic mountains.
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in the north. This range rises as a result of the collision between the
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Mohammadian, H. Mammals of Iran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2005.
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877:
805:
756:. Most eruptive activity appears to be lava flows, though some small
729:
Volcanic activity in the Mount Damavand region first occurred in the
549:
478:
2100:
1537:) are native; in winter they come to the lower hillsides. In spring
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2124:"The geology of Damavand volcano, Alborz Mountains, northern Iran"
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528:
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409:
324:
264:
64:
2215:. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. pp. 277–319.
853:
is the new Iranian Mountain Federation Camp in the village of
796:
Fumaroles near the summit crater of Mount Damavand in May 2014
4787:
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4394:
4376:
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1856:
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463:
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Ghorbani, Mansour (2013). "Nature of Iran and Its Climate".
2371:
2264:
1708:). There are also many wild flowers such as mountain tulip (
1489:) has a high population and nests between stone and shrubs.
885:
province showing the location of mount Damāvand in the south
4626:
4361:
4085:
3829:
3819:
2415:
1944:
1928:
1425:) also inhabit in this region. Smaller mammals include the
1272:
741:
611:
is also one fine example of the mountain's significance in
600:
440:, 66 km (41 mi) northeast of the city of Tehran.
389:
377:
337:
230:
51:
1742:). Different kinds of grasses complete this alpine scene.
5253:
List of cities, towns and villages in Mazandaran Province
2213:
The Geology of Iran: Tectonic, Magmatism and Metamorphism
1937:
701:. This collision is similar to the collision between the
2420:. Plant and Vegetation. Vol. 17. pp. 117–149.
591:. Damāvand has also been named in the Iranian legend of
3597:
2699:. agscentralsussex.plus.com (The Alpine Garden Society)
956: 4,500 to 5,610 m (14,760 to 18,410 ft)
950: 3,500 to 4,500 m (11,500 to 14,800 ft)
869:
name Ābshār Yakhī) about 12 m (39 ft) tall.
705:
and Eurasian plates to the east, which is causing the
2211:
Ghorbani, Mansour (2021). "Young Volcanoes of Iran".
1640:) are among the reptiles of this mountainous region.
944: 2,500 to 3,500 m (8,200 to 11,500 ft)
2694:"Newsletter October 2009, Iran Caspian to Kopet Dag"
938: 1,500 to 2,500 m (4,900 to 8,200 ft)
587:The mountain is said to hold magical powers in the
1763:Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization
932: 500 to 1,500 m (1,600 to 4,900 ft)
581:He brought Zahhak like a horse to Mount Damavand,
5265:
2052:
857:, located on the southern side of the mountain.
19:"Damavand" redirects here. For other uses, see
2167:
926: −25 to 500 m (−82 to 1,640 ft)
4282:
4268:
3780:
3401:
2976:
2803:
736:Its last eruption was around 5300 BCE in the
625:
619:
603:, during the border dispute between Iran and
563:
557:
527:texts and mythology, the three-headed dragon
177:
2990:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1662:). Along its riversides different kinds of
812:The most important of these hot springs is
547:depicts this event in his masterpiece, the
5349:Tourist attractions in Mazandaran province
4275:
4261:
3848:
3787:
3773:
3415:
3408:
3394:
2983:
2969:
2817:
2810:
2796:
2298:
2296:
1895:
1893:
1752:), is found and named after the mountain.
1596:
514:
2013:
1977:peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 January 2016
1950:
1755:
583:And tied him at the peak tight and bound.
408:and folklore. It is in the middle of the
2691:
2456:
2328:
2210:
2110:
1901:"Kuh-e Damavand – Iran Ultra Prominence"
1647:
1352:
917:
876:
872:
840:
782:
677:
663:
486:
472:
457:
442:
331:
2293:
1890:
845:Damavand volcanic crater in August 2009
836:
428:. It is near the southern coast of the
5266:
2685:
2128:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1925:2009 U.S. military topographic mapping
1409:) live in the region of Damavand Mts.
740:. Its steep cone is formed of ash and
615:. The first verse of this poem reads:
519:Damavand is a significant mountain in
4256:
3768:
3389:
2964:
2791:
2667:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
392:, and the 3rd highest volcano in the
356:
2253:National Geoscience Database of Iran
1975:Pona, Georgia – Key col for Damavand
1838:
724:
3373:International Wetland (Ramsar Site)
2758:"Topographic map of Mount Damavand"
2461:. Springer Geology. pp. 1–44.
626:
620:
564:
558:
351:
178:
13:
3794:
2322:
2310:. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation
1980:
778:
649:Mount Damavand is depicted on the
643:O white giant with feet in chains,
14:
5365:
3375:- All names as inscribed by the
2740:
42:Mount Damavand, the south side,
16:Highest volcanic mountain in Asia
5309:Mountains of Mazandaran province
4237:
4236:
682:Mount Damavand rises within the
645:O dome of the world, O Damāvand.
575:be kuh-e Damāvand kardaš be-band
507:in the world and is part of the
204:
203:
196:
36:
3377:Department of Environment, Iran
2951:(4,285 m / 14,058 ft)
2932:(4,367 m / 14,327 ft)
2913:(5,610 m / 18,406 ft)
2894:(5,636 m / 18,491 ft)
2875:(5,642 m / 18,510 ft)
2856:(5,895 m / 19,341 ft)
2837:(6,893 m / 22,615 ft)
2711:
2658:
2641:
2624:
2615:
2598:
2581:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2523:
2509:
2483:
2450:
2409:
2365:
2258:
2245:
2204:
2161:
2107:. – Retrieved on 24 March 2009.
2094:
2082:
1845:
1457:The attractive and unreachable
5279:Five-thousanders of the Alborz
3734:British Indian Ocean Territory
2034:
1968:
1918:
1872:
635:ey div-e sepid-e pāy-dar-band,
1:
5200:Tomb of Sultan Mohammad Taher
5158:Mirza Kuchak Khan Forest Park
4869:Abbas Abad Historical Complex
2091:, 2001, Microsoft Corporation
2089:Microsoft Encarta World Atlas
1866:
1357:A view of Damavand peak from
637:ey gonbad-e giti, ey Damāvand
573:biyāvard Zahhāk rā čon navand
336:Damavand from Polour Village
79:4,667 m (15,312 ft)
69:5,609 m (18,402 ft)
2459:The Economic Geology of Iran
1678:) are found. Greek juniper (
7:
5344:Tourist attractions in Amol
5329:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
5284:Highest points of countries
4963:Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge
2676:The Book of the Iris (1904)
2467:10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0_1
2426:10.1007/978-3-030-45212-4_4
2221:10.1007/978-3-030-71109-2_6
1813:List of Ultras of West Asia
1808:List of peaks by prominence
1791:
1714:) and Persian stone cress (
1465:) lives at high altitudes.
1364:
820:
477:view of Damavand peak from
462:view of damavand peak from
376:and is the highest peak in
10:
5370:
5235:Ecobiology Garden Nowshahr
3131:National Natural Monuments
2395:10.1007/s12371-021-00551-1
1745:Iris barnumiae demawendica
1608:) live in Lar riversides.
1389:
1378:and slopes are famous for
916:
766:lavas are directly on the
672:
511:mountaineering challenge.
493:Deir-e Gachin Caravansarai
18:
5245:
5113:Museum of natural history
4893:Dasht-e Naz National Park
4856:
4824:
4806:
4778:
4750:
4727:
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4635:
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4535:
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4433:
4385:
4352:
4324:
4307:
4291:
4234:
4213:
4150:
4094:
4068:
4007:
3893:
3857:
3846:
3802:
3721:
3681:
3423:
3365:
3240:
3166:
3130:
2998:
2939:
2920:
2901:
2882:
2863:
2844:
2825:
2692:Wallis, Dr; Wallis, Mrs.
2351:10.1007/s11069-009-9375-2
2190:10.1007/s10950-014-9458-8
2103:. Banknotes & Coins:
1818:List of volcanoes in Iran
1803:List of mountains in Iran
1415:Panthera pardus saxicolor
565:به کوه دماوند کردش بهبند
559:بیاورد ضحاک را چون نَوَند
316:
306:
301:
291:
279:
274:
256:
246:
236:
226:
190:
185:
173:
168:
129:
101:
89:
73:
63:
58:
35:
30:
21:Damavand (disambiguation)
5314:National symbols of Iran
5294:Holocene stratovolcanoes
5084:Hotu and Kamarband Caves
4954:Challdareh National Park
3936:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
2251:Geological Map of Iran,
2002:Global Volcanism Program
1727:Astragalus microcephalus
1643:
1452:
505:12th most prominent peak
312:905 by Abu Dolaf Kazraji
5339:Stratovolcanoes of Iran
5178:Nassereddin Shah relief
4904:Imamzadeh Abbas of Sari
4884:Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg
4742:Ketalem and Sadat Shahr
4122:Three Persian religions
3744:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2992:Protected Areas of Iran
2752:CIA: The World Factbook
2531:"Mount Damavand Guides"
2517:"Mount Damavand Guides"
2007:Smithsonian Institution
1717:Aethionema grandiflorum
1597:Reptiles and amphibians
1473:) breeds in this area.
1369:
849:A major settlement for
627:ای گنبد گیتی، ای دماوند
607:. The poem Damāvand by
515:Symbolism and mythology
5354:Volcanic Seven Summits
5299:Mountaineering in Iran
5155:Espahbod Khorshid Cave
3417:Highest points of Asia
2819:Volcanic Seven Summits
2747:U.S. Geological Survey
2021:"SummitPost: Damavand"
1833:Volcanic Seven Summits
1756:National Heritage Site
1739:Acantholimon erinaceum
1730:), mountain sainfoin (
1702:), and Turkish hazel (
1675:Elaeagnus angustifolia
1653:
1579:Emberiza melanocephala
1511:Montifringilla nivalis
1361:
958:
886:
846:
797:
669:
653:of the Iranian 10,000
647:
640:
631:
585:
578:
569:
509:Volcanic Seven Summits
503:Mount Damāvand is the
500:
484:
470:
455:
447:View of Damavand peak
340:
111:Volcanic Seven Summits
5226:Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
5143:Babolsar Boating Pier
5071:Jameh Mosque of Babol
4913:Shahandasht Waterfall
4637:North Savadkuh County
4226:Fire temples in India
3894:Scripture and worship
2170:Journal of Seismology
2046:iranclimbingguide.com
1936:This is supported by
1853:Kunlun Volcanic Group
1696:), Eastern hornbeam (
1651:
1587:Carpodacus erythrinus
1559:Luscinia megarhynchos
1423:Ursus arctos syriacus
1356:
921:
880:
873:Geographical location
844:
795:
678:Setting and structure
667:
641:
632:
621:ای دیو سپید پایدربند
617:
579:
570:
555:
490:
476:
461:
446:
335:
5076:Jameh Mosque of Sari
5066:Jameh Mosque of Amol
4951:Sisangan Forest Park
4918:Tomb of Haydar Amuli
4519:Fereydunkenar County
4221:Fire temples in Iran
4008:Accounts and legends
3658:United Arab Emirates
2781:Encyclopædia Iranica
2101:Central Bank of Iran
1626:Iranian valley viper
1622:Macrovipera lebetina
1575:black-headed bunting
1535:Eremophila alpestris
1463:Tetraogallus caspius
1439:Calomyscus bailwardi
837:Routes to the summit
831:Last Glacial Maximum
5319:Places in Shahnameh
5232:DD Center Amir Abad
5217:Malek Bahman Castle
5182:Kashpel Forest Park
5164:Imamzadeh Kati Hill
5094:Vaziri Bath of Sari
4932:Watchtower of Babol
4923:Miankaleh peninsula
4284:Mazandaran Province
4095:History and culture
3941:Udvada Atash Behram
3685:limited recognition
2387:2021Geohe..13...39M
2343:2010NatHa..52..351M
2279:2011Geo....39..251S
2182:2015JSeis..19..191S
2140:2004GSAB..116...16D
2060:"Mountain Damavand"
1699:Carpinus orientalis
1690:), Oriental beech (
1687:Quercus macranthera
1666:trees like willow (
1567:Grey-necked bunting
1551:Monticola saxatilis
1503:Carduelis cannabina
609:Mohammad Taqī Bahār
491:damavand peak from
412:range, adjacent to
358:[dæmɒːvænd]
297:5350 BC ± 200 years
149: /
48:Mazandaran province
5206:Sorkh Roud Wetland
5128:Palace of Behshahr
4900:Larijan Hot Spring
4025:Book of Arda Viraf
3959:Cypress of Kashmar
3259:Arjan and Parishan
1884:2015-01-17 at the
1823:Lists of volcanoes
1733:Onobrychis cornuta
1659:Pistacia atlantica
1654:
1571:Emberiza buchanani
1435:mouse-like hamster
1362:
959:
887:
847:
814:Larijan Hot Spring
798:
670:
613:Persian literature
501:
485:
471:
456:
394:Eastern Hemisphere
341:
116:Country high point
59:Highest point
5334:Dormant volcanoes
5304:Mountains of Iran
5261:
5260:
5229:Sangeno Waterfall
5220:Chehel dar Castle
5161:Alimastan Village
5105:Paein Lamouk Park
5044:Sari Clock Square
4993:Ab Pari Waterfall
4967:Chaikhoran Palace
4928:Farahabad Complex
4889:Davazdah Cheshmeh
4874:Lar National Park
4852:
4851:
4711:Qaem Shahr County
4578:Mahmudabad County
4250:
4249:
3762:
3761:
3727:other territories
3383:
3382:
3369:Biosphere Reserve
2958:
2957:
2853:Mount Kilimanjaro
2576:978-600-5038-00-2
2491:"Map of Damavand"
2476:978-94-007-5624-3
2435:978-3-030-45211-7
2308:iranicaonline.org
2230:978-3-030-71108-5
1879:Geography of Iran
1839:Explanatory notes
1681:Juniperus excelsa
1638:Laudakia caucasia
1618:blunt-nosed viper
1543:Oenanthe oenanthe
1539:northern wheatear
1519:Petronia petronia
1491:Red-fronted serin
1471:Aquila chrysaetos
1447:Ochoton rufescens
1431:Chionomys nivalis
1419:Syrian brown bear
1351:
1350:
851:mountain climbers
793:
725:Eruptive activity
595:(as recounted by
521:Persian mythology
406:Persian mythology
398:Mount Kilimanjaro
330:
329:
153:35.951°N 52.109°E
85:
5361:
5324:Pleistocene Asia
5246:populated places
5194:Valasht lake of
5191:Kheshtpol Bridge
5137:Tirkan Waterfall
5009:Safi Abad Palace
4826:Tonekabon County
4601:Miandorud County
4326:Abbasabad County
4322:
4321:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4240:
4239:
4205:in United States
3946:Adur Burzen-Mihr
3852:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3739:Christmas Island
3425:Sovereign states
3410:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3386:
3167:Wildlife Refuges
2985:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:. Archived from
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2689:
2683:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2645:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:on 11 March 2007
2493:. Archived from
2487:
2481:
2480:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2287:10.1130/G31779.1
2262:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2148:10.1130/b25344.1
2119:
2108:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1958:"Damavand, Iran"
1954:
1948:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1897:
1888:
1876:
1860:
1849:
1750:Iris demawendica
1693:Fagus orientalis
1672:) and oleaster (
1669:Salix acomphylla
1583:common rosefinch
1495:Serinus pusillus
1487:Alectoris chukar
1483:Chukar partridge
1475:Griffon vultures
1459:Caspian snowcock
1395:Armenian mouflon
1320:Emamzadeh Hashem
1293:
1283:
1271:
1254:
1244:
1232:
1222:
1210:
1200:
1188:
1178:
1166:
1156:
1144:
1134:
1125:
1108:
1098:
1086:
1076:
1064:
1054:
1042:
1032:
1020:
1010:
998:
988:
976:
966:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
909:
889:
888:
794:
758:pyroclastic flow
744:flows mainly of
629:
628:
623:
622:
567:
566:
561:
560:
438:Mazandaran State
368:
367:
366:
360:
355:
320:
260:
217:Location in Iran
207:
206:
200:
181:
180:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
81:
40:
28:
27:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5241:
5223:Gazou Waterfall
5210:Dokhaharan lake
5134:Gol-e Zard Cave
5125:'s clock square
5102:Dalkhani Jungle
5047:Tamishan Palace
4848:
4820:
4802:
4780:Savadkuh County
4774:
4746:
4723:
4705:
4667:
4655:Nowshahr County
4649:
4631:
4613:
4595:
4572:
4549:
4531:
4513:
4485:
4463:Behshahr County
4457:
4435:Babolsar County
4429:
4381:
4348:
4303:
4287:
4281:
4251:
4246:
4230:
4209:
4146:
4090:
4064:
4035:Story of Sanjan
4003:
3889:
3858:Divine entities
3853:
3844:
3798:
3793:
3763:
3758:
3726:
3717:
3698:Northern Cyprus
3684:
3677:
3419:
3414:
3384:
3379:
3361:
3241:Protected Areas
3236:
3162:
3126:
2994:
2989:
2959:
2954:
2935:
2916:
2897:
2891:Pico de Orizaba
2878:
2859:
2840:
2834:Ojos del Salado
2821:
2816:
2775:
2766:
2764:
2762:opentopomap.org
2756:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2725:on 19 June 2007
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2603:
2599:
2586:
2582:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2455:
2451:
2436:
2414:
2410:
2370:
2366:
2331:Natural Hazards
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2231:
2209:
2205:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2120:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
1995:
1994:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1886:Wayback Machine
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1794:
1758:
1736:) and prickly (
1705:Corylus colurna
1646:
1634:Caucasian agama
1599:
1455:
1411:Persian leopard
1399:Ovis orientalis
1392:
1372:
1367:
1328:Kandovan Tunnel
1289:
1279:
1267:
1250:
1240:
1228:
1218:
1206:
1196:
1184:
1174:
1162:
1152:
1140:
1130:
1121:
1104:
1094:
1082:
1072:
1060:
1050:
1038:
1028:
1016:
1006:
994:
984:
972:
962:
957:
953:
951:
947:
945:
941:
939:
935:
933:
929:
927:
923:
905:
893:Map of central
875:
839:
823:
783:
781:
779:Thermal springs
727:
699:tectonic plates
680:
675:
644:
636:
624:
582:
574:
562:
543:. Persian poet
517:
386:highest volcano
362:
361:
318:
258:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
213:
212:
208:
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
125:
80:
54:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5367:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5188:Baliran Jungle
5186:
5185:Shur Mast Lake
5183:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Moalagh Bridge
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5051:Gerdkooh Hills
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5002:Lake of Ghosts
4999:
4994:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4974:
4973:Aerial tramway
4968:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4947:Kangelo Castle
4944:
4939:
4938:Dohezar Forest
4936:
4935:Mollana Mosque
4933:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4864:Mount Damavand
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4808:Simorgh County
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4537:Galugah County
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4425:Zargarmahalleh
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4319:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:Chinvat Bridge
4037:
4032:
4030:Book of Jamasp
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Khordeh Avesta
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3926:Airyaman ishya
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3865:Amesha Spentas
3861:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3803:Primary topics
3800:
3799:
3796:Zoroastrianism
3792:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
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3515:
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3475:
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3455:
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3429:
3427:
3421:
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3405:
3398:
3390:
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3360:
3359:
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3347:
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3199:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3153:Sarv-e Abarkuh
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3102:
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3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:Dayer-Nakhiloo
3020:
3014:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2999:National Parks
2996:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:Mount Damavand
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2867:
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2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2741:External links
2739:
2737:
2736:
2710:
2684:
2673:Richard Lynch
2666:
2657:
2640:
2623:
2614:
2597:
2580:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2522:
2508:
2482:
2475:
2449:
2434:
2408:
2364:
2337:(2): 351–368.
2321:
2292:
2273:(3): 251–254.
2257:
2255:, www.ngdir.ir
2244:
2229:
2203:
2176:(1): 191–200.
2160:
2109:
2093:
2081:
2070:on 5 July 2015
2051:
2033:
2012:
1979:
1967:
1962:Peakbagger.com
1949:
1933:summitpost map
1917:
1889:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1757:
1754:
1711:Tulipa montana
1645:
1642:
1630:Vipera latifii
1614:Vipera ursinii
1606:Rana ridibunda
1598:
1595:
1565:for breeding.
1481:) are common.
1454:
1451:
1407:Capra aegagrus
1391:
1388:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1331:
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1322:
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1304:
1298:
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1193:
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1182:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1149:
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1138:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1012:Ghal'eh Gardan
1003:
1002:
992:
981:
980:
970:
960:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
914:
913:
903:
898:
874:
871:
838:
835:
822:
819:
780:
777:
726:
723:
679:
676:
674:
671:
516:
513:
344:Mount Damavand
328:
327:
322:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
283:
277:
276:
272:
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262:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
216:
210:
209:
202:
201:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
158:35.951; 52.109
133:
127:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
107:
105:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
77:
71:
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67:
61:
60:
56:
55:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5366:
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5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Holocene Asia
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
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5231:
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5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
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5202:
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5197:
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5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5146:Elimalat Lake
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Ramsar Palace
5096:
5093:
5090:
5088:Markuh Castle
5087:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
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5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5012:Gharmerez spa
5011:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:Kolbadi House
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Veresk Bridge
4956:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
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4777:
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4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4729:Ramsar County
4726:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
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4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4555:Juybar County
4552:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4527:Fereydunkenar
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:Chalus County
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
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4311:
4306:
4300:
4297:
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4278:
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4266:
4264:
4259:
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4233:
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4206:
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4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
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4168:in Azerbaijan
4166:
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4018:
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4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
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3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Adur Gushnasp
3952:
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3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
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3927:
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3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:South Ossetia
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3674:
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3599:
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3511:
3509:
3506:
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3454:
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3441:
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3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3404:
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3397:
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3391:
3388:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
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3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
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3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
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3154:
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3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Sorkh-e Hesar
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
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3021:
3018:
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3007:
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3001:
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2919:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:North America
2881:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:South America
2824:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2679:, p. 115, at
2678:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2654:
2653:964-8637-03-2
2650:
2644:
2637:
2636:964-94487-2-1
2633:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2610:964-96358-9-0
2607:
2601:
2594:
2593:964-94487-9-9
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2069:
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2037:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
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1971:
1963:
1959:
1953:
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1097:
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1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
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1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:Mishineh Marg
1053:
1049:
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1045:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
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1023:
1019:
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864:
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834:
832:
828:
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815:
810:
809:earthquakes.
807:
803:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
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714:magma chamber
710:
708:
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666:
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584:
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411:
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399:
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387:
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379:
375:
374:stratovolcano
372:
365:
359:
354:
349:
345:
339:
334:
326:
323:
321:
319:Easiest route
315:
311:
309:
305:
300:
296:
294:
293:Last eruption
290:
287:
286:Stratovolcano
284:
282:
281:Mountain type
278:
273:
270:
266:
263:
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255:
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68:
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62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5214:Qaleh Gardan
5203:Takor Tekyeh
5173:Ramsar Hotel
5111:Khoshedaran
5108:Babol Museum
5081:Palaeolithic
5019:Alendan lake
4982:Nima Yooshij
4908:Resket Tower
4879:Badab-e Surt
4863:
4476:Khalil Shahr
4415:Khush Rudpey
4387:Babol County
4344:Salman Shahr
4314:
4308:
4241:
4045:Frashokereti
3999:Atash Behram
3989:The Revayats
3950:Adur Farnbag
3931:Fire Temples
3921:Yenghe hatam
3916:Ahuna Vairya
3885:Angra Mainyu
3723:Dependencies
3653:Turkmenistan
3618:Saudi Arabia
3507:
3142:
3110:Tang-e Sayad
2948:Mount Sidley
2946:
2929:Mount Giluwe
2927:
2909:
2908:
2889:
2872:Mount Elbrus
2870:
2851:
2832:
2765:. Retrieved
2761:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:the original
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2687:
2681:Google Books
2674:
2669:
2660:
2643:
2626:
2617:
2600:
2583:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2525:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:the original
2485:
2458:
2452:
2417:
2411:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2307:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2247:
2212:
2206:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2131:
2127:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2015:
2000:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1905:peaklist.org
1904:
1874:
1847:
1759:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1610:Meadow viper
1605:
1600:
1589:) come from
1586:
1578:
1570:
1561:) come from
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1527:Emberiza cia
1526:
1523:rock bunting
1518:
1515:rock sparrow
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1467:Golden eagle
1462:
1456:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1384:Salmo trutta
1383:
1373:
1342:
1334:
1324:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1290:
1280:
1268:
1262:
1251:
1241:
1229:
1219:
1207:
1197:
1185:
1175:
1163:
1153:
1141:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1105:
1095:
1083:
1073:
1061:
1051:
1039:
1029:
1017:
1007:
995:
985:
977:
973:
963:
906:
900:
892:
859:
848:
824:
817:public use.
811:
799:
762:
735:
728:
719:
711:
681:
659:
648:
642:
634:
633:
618:
588:
586:
580:
572:
571:
556:
548:
518:
502:
425:
421:
417:
413:
402:Mount Elbrus
382:Western Asia
343:
342:
308:First ascent
259:Parent range
96:Mount Elbrus
25:
5274:Amol County
5140:Danial Cave
5131:Churat Lake
5091:Galehgardan
5015:Avidar Lake
5006:Mijran Lake
4977:Javaher Deh
4971:Namakabrood
4942:Lajim Tower
4839:Khorramabad
4798:Pol-e Sefid
4752:Sari County
4619:Neka County
4453:Kalleh Bast
4354:Amol County
4200:in Pakistan
4158:Persecution
4117:Khurramites
3830:Persia/Iran
3815:Zarathustra
3810:Ahura Mazda
3683:States with
3603:Philippines
3543:South Korea
3538:North Korea
3433:Afghanistan
3174:Amirkalayeh
2375:Geoheritage
2314:25 December
2304:"ĀB-E GARM"
2153:25 December
2105:10000 Rials
1778:Amol County
1769:Festivity,
1602:Marsh frogs
1555:nightingale
1547:rock thrush
1531:horned lark
1479:Gyps fulvus
1443:Afghan pika
1380:brown trout
1078:Shah Alborz
1000:Do Khaharan
802:hot springs
731:Pleistocene
688:Caspian Sea
525:Zoroastrian
468:Caspian Sea
430:Caspian Sea
174:Native name
156: /
131:Coordinates
91:Parent peak
83:Ranked 12th
5268:Categories
5238:Saghanefar
5196:Kelardasht
4988:Sefid Chah
4896:Gohar Tepe
4719:Qaem Shahr
4673:Nur County
4586:Mahmudabad
4568:Kuhi Kheyl
4509:Marzanabad
4504:Kelardasht
4481:Rostamkola
4163:in Armenia
4055:Hamistagan
3911:Ashem Vohu
3825:Vohu Manah
3663:Uzbekistan
3638:Tajikistan
3553:Kyrgyzstan
3533:Kazakhstan
3483:East Timor
3453:Bangladesh
3443:Azerbaijan
3350:Siahkeshim
3340:Mianjangal
3309:Kabir Kouh
3270:Dinar Kouh
3225:Sorkhankol
3202:Robat Shur
3121:Lake Urmia
3115:Khar Turan
3065:Kolahghazi
3028:Ghamishloo
2940:Antarctica
2777:"Damāvand"
2064:PersiaPort
1997:"Damavand"
1910:16 October
1867:References
1788:province.
1786:Mazandaran
1784:region in
1748:(formerly
1722:Astragalus
1507:snow finch
1338:Latyan Dam
883:Māzandarān
772:Subsidence
764:Quaternary
657:banknote.
529:Aži Dahāka
482:Mazandaran
449:Mazandaran
422:Gol-e Zard
269:Mazandaran
241:Māzandarān
144:52°06′32″E
141:35°57′04″N
75:Prominence
5151:Tonekabon
5038:Kolakchal
4844:Nashtarud
4834:Tonekabon
4696:Izadshahr
4691:Chamestan
4420:Marzikola
4367:Dabudasht
4339:Kelarabad
4334:Abbasabad
4151:Adherents
4132:Festivals
4112:Mazdakism
4107:Zurvanism
4020:Bundahišn
3835:Faravahar
3749:Hong Kong
3703:Palestine
3628:Sri Lanka
3623:Singapore
3503:Indonesia
3345:Mozaffari
3253:Arasbaran
3196:Miankaleh
3191:Miandasht
3180:Bakhtegan
3105:Tandooreh
3095:Siyahkooh
3033:Ghatroyeh
3006:Bakhtegan
2444:226738400
2403:233303860
2381:(2): 39.
2359:128613893
2239:235086218
2198:129297489
2134:(1): 16.
1724:species (
1427:snow vole
1403:wild goat
1374:Damavand
1246:Seh Hazar
1044:Mehr Chal
806:fumaroles
589:Shahnameh
550:Shahnameh
479:Lar river
434:Amol City
186:Geography
65:Elevation
5118:Kandolus
5061:Alam-Kuh
5029:Azad Kuh
4990:Cemetery
4663:Nowshahr
4591:Sorkhrud
4471:Behshahr
4448:Bahnemir
4443:Babolsar
4400:Amirkola
4310:Counties
4243:Category
4173:in India
4137:Marriage
4127:Calendar
4050:Xrafstar
3974:Visperad
3969:Vendidad
3693:Abkhazia
3643:Thailand
3598:Pakistan
3578:Mongolia
3573:Maldives
3568:Malaysia
3468:Cambodia
3289:(BR, IW)
3261:(BR, IW)
3213:Shadegan
3198:(BR, IW)
3143:Damavand
3138:Alam-Kuh
3123:(BR, IW)
3038:Golestan
2767:21 April
2501:11 March
2026:28 April
1941:evidence
1882:Archived
1792:See also
1365:Wildlife
1256:Shahrood
1158:Do Hezar
1110:Varavašt
990:Do Berar
978:Damavand
968:Azad Kuh
911:Alam-Kuh
827:glaciers
821:Glaciers
800:Mineral
768:Jurassic
750:andesite
746:trachyte
738:Holocene
707:Himalaya
696:Eurasian
545:Ferdowsi
541:Fereydūn
302:Climbing
237:Province
211:Damavand
31:Damavand
5056:Filband
5041:Deryuok
5024:Lar Dam
4816:Kiakola
4686:Baladeh
4645:Shirgah
4545:Galugah
4405:Galugah
4372:Gazanak
4292:Capital
4195:in Iraq
4190:in Iran
4081:Kashmar
4015:Dēnkard
3994:Ab-Zohr
3870:Yazatas
3840:Avestan
3668:Vietnam
3583:Myanmar
3563:Lebanon
3493:Georgia
3448:Bahrain
3438:Armenia
3371:- IW:
3335:Manesht
3319:Karkheh
3219:Shidvar
3148:Sabalan
3090:Sarigol
3075:Nayband
2921:Oceania
2383:Bibcode
2339:Bibcode
2275:Bibcode
2267:Geology
2178:Bibcode
2136:Bibcode
2074:19 June
1828:Maranak
1553:), and
1390:Mammals
1346:Lar Dam
1263:Cities:
1180:Jajrood
1117:Rivers:
1034:Kholeno
881:Map of
867:Persian
863:Simurgh
692:Arabian
673:Geology
651:reverse
597:Bal'ami
426:Mīānrūd
396:(after
371:dormant
369:) is a
348:Persian
275:Geology
227:Country
103:Listing
5149:Gabri
5034:Alasht
4857:Sights
4793:Alasht
4770:Kiasar
4737:Ramsar
4563:Juybar
4499:Chalus
4316:cities
4286:, Iran
4183:Parsis
4142:Burial
4102:Parsis
4069:Cities
4060:Duzakh
3979:Yashts
3906:Gathas
3901:Avesta
3880:Daevas
3875:Ahuras
3713:Taiwan
3648:Turkey
3613:Russia
3548:Kuwait
3528:Jordan
3518:Israel
3478:Cyprus
3463:Brunei
3458:Bhutan
3356:Touran
3330:Koulak
3314:Karkas
3304:Jajrud
3248:Alvand
3231:Touran
3207:Selkeh
3186:Hamoon
3158:Taftan
3085:Salouk
3080:Paband
3060:Kiasar
3055:Khojir
3017:Bojagh
2864:Europe
2845:Africa
2729:7 June
2719:"Irna"
2703:7 June
2651:
2634:
2608:
2591:
2574:
2473:
2442:
2432:
2401:
2357:
2237:
2227:
2196:
2042:"Home"
1798:Tirgan
1774:Nowruz
1771:Tabari
1767:Tirgan
1632:) and
1581:) and
1563:Africa
1529:) and
1499:linnet
1441:) and
1417:) and
1401:) and
1376:rivers
1359:Tehran
1302:Other:
1285:Chalus
1234:Sardab
1202:Kojoor
1146:Chalus
1136:Alamut
1100:Tochal
1088:Sialan
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
901:Peaks:
895:Alborz
855:Polour
825:A few
754:basalt
752:, and
703:Indian
684:Alborz
533:Zahhāk
499:desert
453:Tehran
424:, and
418:Sesang
414:Varārū
410:Alborz
384:, the
353:دماوند
265:Alborz
247:County
179:دماوند
169:Naming
4984:House
4788:Zirab
4765:Farim
4701:Royan
4609:Surak
4410:Gatab
4395:Babol
4377:Rineh
4214:Lists
4178:Irani
4076:Balkh
3964:Yasna
3754:Macau
3673:Yemen
3633:Syria
3608:Qatar
3588:Nepal
3523:Japan
3498:India
3488:Egypt
3473:China
3324:Kavir
3298:Heleh
3293:Haraz
3275:Gando
3050:Khabr
3044:Kavir
3012:Bamou
2697:(PDF)
2440:S2CID
2399:S2CID
2355:S2CID
2235:S2CID
2194:S2CID
1947:data.
1857:Tibet
1782:Rineh
1664:Salix
1644:Flora
1591:India
1453:Birds
1310:Dizin
1295:Karaj
1190:Karaj
1168:Haraz
605:Turan
593:Arash
537:Kāveh
466:near
464:Babol
451:from
432:, in
121:Ultra
5123:Sari
4760:Sari
4627:Neka
4362:Amol
4313:and
4299:Sari
4086:Yazd
3820:Asha
3593:Oman
3558:Laos
3513:Iraq
3508:Iran
3367:BR:
3358:(BR)
3352:(IW)
3326:(BR)
3300:(IW)
3287:Hara
3283:(BR)
3281:Geno
3277:(IW)
3265:Dena
3255:(BR)
3233:(BR)
3227:(IW)
3221:(IW)
3215:(IW)
3209:(IW)
3182:(IW)
3176:(IW)
3117:(BR)
3046:(BR)
3040:(BR)
3019:(IW)
3008:(IW)
2902:Asia
2769:2023
2731:2007
2705:2016
2649:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2589:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2503:2007
2471:ISBN
2430:ISBN
2316:2022
2225:ISBN
2155:2022
2076:2015
2028:2010
1945:SRTM
1943:and
1931:. A
1929:SRTM
1912:2011
1851:The
1370:Fish
1273:Amol
1224:Noor
1022:Gorg
742:lava
694:and
655:rial
601:Iran
539:and
400:and
390:Asia
380:and
378:Iran
338:Amol
325:Hike
251:Amol
231:Iran
52:Iran
44:Amol
4681:Nur
3725:and
3070:Lar
2463:doi
2422:doi
2391:doi
2347:doi
2283:doi
2217:doi
2186:doi
2144:doi
2132:116
1938:GPS
1855:in
1780:'s
1624:),
1616:),
1573:),
1545:),
1521:),
1513:),
1505:),
1497:),
1449:).
1433:),
1386:).
1212:Lar
1066:Naz
497:Qom
495:in
388:in
5270::
2779:.
2760:.
2469:.
2438:.
2428:.
2397:.
2389:.
2379:13
2377:.
2353:.
2345:.
2335:52
2333:.
2306:.
2295:^
2281:.
2271:39
2269:.
2233:.
2223:.
2192:.
2184:.
2174:19
2172:.
2142:.
2130:.
2126:.
2112:^
2062:.
2044:.
2005:.
1999:.
1982:^
1960:.
1903:.
1892:^
1593:.
1343:**
1252:12
1242:11
1230:10
1106:15
1096:14
1084:13
1074:12
1062:11
1052:10
748:,
553::
436:,
420:,
416:,
350::
267:–
50:,
46:,
4276:e
4269:t
4262:v
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3774:v
3409:e
3402:t
3395:v
2984:e
2977:t
2970:v
2811:e
2804:t
2797:v
2783:.
2771:.
2733:.
2707:.
2655:.
2638:.
2612:.
2595:.
2578:.
2533:.
2519:.
2505:.
2479:.
2465::
2446:.
2424::
2405:.
2393::
2385::
2361:.
2349::
2341::
2318:.
2289:.
2285::
2277::
2241:.
2219::
2200:.
2188::
2180::
2157:.
2146::
2138::
2078:.
2048:.
2030:.
2009:.
1964:.
1914:.
1636:(
1628:(
1620:(
1612:(
1604:(
1585:(
1577:(
1569:(
1557:(
1549:(
1541:(
1533:(
1525:(
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1509:(
1501:(
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1469:(
1461:(
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1437:(
1429:(
1421:(
1413:(
1405:(
1397:(
1382:(
1335:*
1325:K
1317:E
1307:D
1291:3
1281:2
1269:1
1220:9
1208:8
1198:7
1186:6
1176:5
1164:4
1154:3
1142:2
1132:1
1123:0
1040:9
1030:8
1018:7
1008:6
996:5
986:4
974:3
964:2
907:1
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