485:
455:
216:
374:
49:
470:
209:
930:
344:
499:
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853:
4249:
676:
889:
1660:
795:
844:, the area covered by glaciation was much larger and the climatic snow line was between 600 and 1,100 metres (2,000 and 3,600 ft) below what is seen in the present day. The glaciers on Damavand as well as a few other isolated locations are the source of the few permanently flowing rivers in Iran.
871:
There are at least 16 known routes to the summit, with varying levels of difficulty. Some of them are dangerous and require ice climbing. The most popular route is the southern route which has steps and a camp midway called Bargah Sevom Camp/Shelter at 4,220 m (13,850 ft). The
Northeastern
827:
in a village by the name of
Larijan in the district of Larijan Amol in Lar Valley. The water from this spring is believed to be useful in the treatment of chronic wounds and skin diseases and is bottled for distribution throughout Iran. Near these springs there are public baths with small pools for
1946:
is based on the
Persian language 1999 Iranian government 1:50,000 mapping which plots two 5620 contour circles, with a 5628 m spot height for the highest spot on the crater rim (WNW side) and 5626 m for the highest point on the southeast side (and a 5610 m spot height in the due north position.)
1771:
An anthropologist of
Mazandaran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department, Touba Osanlou, has said that a proposal has been made by a group of Iranian mountaineers to register the highest peak in the Middle East, Mount Damavand as a national heritage site. Mazandaran Cultural Heritage and Tourism
819:
near the summit indicate a hot or cooling magma body still present beneath the volcano. The area around the volcano is the most thermally active in Iran and the springs are being monitored to see if fluctuations in water volume and mineral content are useful in crude prediction of large regional
484:
731:
Most volcanic activity originates from the summit area. A few flank vents have been noted, but these are largely on the upper slopes to the southwest and northeast of the summit. A secondary crater, termed Haji Dela, has some young lava flows 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the summit.
727:
is present between 2 and 5 kilometres (1.2 and 3.1 mi) below the surface. This is separated into two areas - an inner region of hot, likely molten, magma between 3 and 4.5 kilometres (1.9 and 2.8 mi) depth that is surrounded by an area of dense cooled magma. The top of the chamber is
798:
797:
802:
801:
796:
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route is the longest and requires two days to reach the summit starting from the downhill village of Nāndal and a night stay at Takht-e
Fereydoun (elevation 4,300 m (14,100 ft), a two-story shelter. The western route is noted for its sunset view.
803:
671:
The origins and meaning of the word "Damavand" are unclear, yet some prominent researchers have speculated that it probably means "The mountain from which smoke and ash arises", alluding to the volcanic nature of the mountain.
800:
785:
at a rate of 5 millimetres (0.20 in) per year and horizontal expansion at 6 millimetres (0.24 in) per year was observed there between 2003 and 2008, but was gravity driven rather than a result of magmatic activity.
2383:
Moradi, Anvar; Maghsoudi, Mehran; Moghimi, Ebrahim; Yamani, Mojtaba; Rezaei, Nasser (June 2021). "A Comprehensive
Assessment of Geomorphodiversity and Geomorphological Heritage for Damavand Volcano Management, Iran".
375:
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sediments. The volcano is crowned by a small crater with sulfuric deposits. Despite the lack of historical eruptions, ongoing thermal activity at Mount
Damavand suggests the volcano is not extinct.
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are mainly located on the volcano's flanks and at the base, giving evidence of volcanic heat comparatively near the surface of the earth. Hot springs at the base and on the flanks and
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to rise and does not usually create volcanic activity. Despite this, recent research suggests that a hot region created by the collision is what caused the volcano to rise.
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Shirzaei, M.; Walter, T.R.; Nankali, H.R.; Holohan, E.P. (March 2011). "Gravity-driven deformation of
Damavand volcano, Iran, detected through InSAR time series".
1749:
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1695:) is common in the higher altitudes. On northern slopes, because of higher humidity, there are wild oak, beech, hornbean and hazel trees like: Persian oak (
1743:
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876:(Sīmorgh/Sīmurgh) shelter in this route at 4,100 m (13,500 ft) is a newly constructed two-story shelter. There is a frozen waterfall/icefall (
3002:
1773:
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5007:
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Shomali, Z. Hossein; Shirzad, Taghi (January 2015). "Crustal structure of
Damavand volcano, Iran, from ambient noise and earthquake tomography".
1338:
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deposits have been noted in drainages radiating from the mountain. One major explosive event is known to have erupted about 280,000 years ago.
2133:
Davidson, Jon; Hassanzadeh, Jamshid; Berzins, Reinis; Stockli, Daniel F.; Bashukooh, Behrooz; Turrin, Brent; Pandamouz, Ali (1 January 2004).
4285:
148:
1330:
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Lay, D.M. A Study of the
Mammals of Iran (Resulting From the Street Expedition ). Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago .1967.
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was chained within Mount Damāvand, there to remain until the end of the world. In a later version of the same legend, the tyrant
3754:
2986:
2586:
2485:
2444:
2239:
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Mokhtari, Mohammad (February 2010). "Earthquake prediction activities and Damavand earthquake precursor test site in Iran".
5354:
5339:
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1892:
126:
2729:
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1943:
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101:
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534:. It is the symbol of Iranian resistance against despotism and foreign rule in Persian poetry and literature. In
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is presently in the process of renaming an upcoming ancient festivity after Mount Damavand. "We have proposed
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1951:
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93:
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363:
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31:
2505:
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Mozaffarian, V. Lar National Park Management Program. Natural Environment Department Library. 2004.
2012:
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Department has accepted the proposal, the Persian daily Jam-e Jam reported. Osanlou noted that the
1737:
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almost 1.78 million years ago, but the current edifice began to be built around 600,000 years ago.
17:
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5188:
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4253:
4183:
4132:
3783:
3115:
3016:
2527:
2017:
1727:
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2791:
2632:
Shahbazi, Y. Lar National Park Management Program. Natural Environment Department Library. 2004.
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are present on the upper slopes of Damavand, the largest of which is Yakhar Glacier. During the
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gives 18,365 feet (5,598 meters) but states in the margin that all elevations are derived from
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2188:
2146:
1636:
1585:
841:
619:
547:
131:
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Noroozi, Jalil; Talebi, Amir; Doostmohammadi, Moslem (2020). "The Alborz Mountain Range".
2314:
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8:
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2762:
2078:
1709:
1697:
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661:
448:
251:
58:
2397:
2353:
2289:
2192:
2150:
4910:
4747:
4035:
3969:
3648:
3618:
2768:
2641:
Mohammadian, H. Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2004.
2541:
2450:
2409:
2365:
2245:
2204:
1833:
1731:). At higher altitudes, shrubs tend to be sphere and cushion like, examples are :
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824:
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113:
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believed to lie to the south of the summit, trending somewhat to the west with depth.
4938:
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2454:
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2413:
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2235:
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1691:
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1549:
1501:
1429:
1022:
603:
531:
416:
415:), at an elevation of 5,609 metres (18,402 ft). Damāvand has a special place in
408:
2581:
Mohammadian, H. The Life of Alborz Red Sheep. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2008.
4836:
4611:
4336:
4320:
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3583:
3468:
3168:
2704:
2473:
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2401:
2357:
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1935:
1911:
1703:
1593:
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1469:
1405:
1266:
877:
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610:) as the location from which the hero shot his magical arrow to mark the border of
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48:
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Plant Biogeography and Vegetation of High Mountains of Central and South-West Asia
1985:
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2844:
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2733:
1896:
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1644:
1485:
1421:
709:
469:
3588:
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Mohammadian, H. Mountain birds of Tehran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2008.
2554:
Mohammadian, H. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. Sepehr Publishing Center. Iran. 2000.
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2436:
2231:
1968:
1787:, to be named as Damavand National Day," she added. Tirgan Festivity is held in
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2007:
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On the southern slope of Damavand, there are remnants of wild pistachia trees (
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was also chained in a cave somewhere in Mount Damāvand after being defeated by
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From mid-May to mid-June the foothills of Damavand are covered in red poppies
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724:
702:
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range in northern Iran, separating the Iranian plateau to the south from the
503:
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384:
296:
163:
150:
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Yazdani, A. Lar the Paradise I Knew. Payam Resan Publishing Institute. 2010.
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3658:
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3643:
3593:
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2757:
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Mozaffarian, V. Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publishers. 2005.
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106:
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723:
Seismic wave patterns from earthquakes around the volcano indicate that a
679:
Fumarole at 5,550 metres (18,210 ft) elevation on the volcano's slope
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is higher than Damāvand, but are not considered to be volcanic mountains.
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in the north. This range rises as a result of the collision between the
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Mohammadian, H. Mammals of Iran. Shabpareh Publishing Institute. 2005.
1796:
1612:
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3613:
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1437:
1413:
1222:
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1076:
1054:
888:
816:
767:. Most eruptive activity appears to be lava flows, though some small
740:
Volcanic activity in the Mount Damavand region first occurred in the
560:
489:
2111:
1548:) are native; in winter they come to the lower hillsides. In spring
5128:
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5039:
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1000:
978:
921:
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555:
551:
2135:"The geology of Damavand volcano, Alborz Mountains, northern Iran"
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335:
275:
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2226:. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. pp. 277–319.
864:
is the new Iranian Mountain Federation Camp in the village of
807:
Fumaroles near the summit crater of Mount Damavand in May 2014
4798:
4420:
4405:
4387:
4112:
4086:
3989:
3974:
3890:
3885:
1867:
1792:
1601:
1320:
1305:
615:
474:
2468:
Ghorbani, Mansour (2013). "Nature of Iran and Its Climate".
2382:
2275:
1719:). There are also many wild flowers such as mountain tulip (
1500:) has a high population and nests between stone and shrubs.
896:
province showing the location of mount Damāvand in the south
4637:
4372:
4096:
3840:
3830:
2426:
1955:
1939:
1436:) also inhabit in this region. Smaller mammals include the
1283:
752:
622:
is also one fine example of the mountain's significance in
611:
451:, 66 km (41 mi) northeast of the city of Tehran.
400:
388:
348:
241:
62:
1753:). Different kinds of grasses complete this alpine scene.
5264:
List of cities, towns and villages in Mazandaran Province
2224:
The Geology of Iran: Tectonic, Magmatism and Metamorphism
1948:
712:. This collision is similar to the collision between the
2431:. Plant and Vegetation. Vol. 17. pp. 117–149.
602:. Damāvand has also been named in the Iranian legend of
3608:
2710:. agscentralsussex.plus.com (The Alpine Garden Society)
967: 4,500 to 5,610 m (14,760 to 18,410 ft)
961: 3,500 to 4,500 m (11,500 to 14,800 ft)
880:
name Ābshār Yakhī) about 12 m (39 ft) tall.
716:
and Eurasian plates to the east, which is causing the
2222:
Ghorbani, Mansour (2021). "Young Volcanoes of Iran".
1651:) are among the reptiles of this mountainous region.
955: 2,500 to 3,500 m (8,200 to 11,500 ft)
2705:"Newsletter October 2009, Iran Caspian to Kopet Dag"
949: 1,500 to 2,500 m (4,900 to 8,200 ft)
598:The mountain is said to hold magical powers in the
1774:Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization
943: 500 to 1,500 m (1,600 to 4,900 ft)
592:He brought Zahhak like a horse to Mount Damavand,
5276:
2063:
868:, located on the southern side of the mountain.
30:"Damavand" redirects here. For other uses, see
2178:
937: −25 to 500 m (−82 to 1,640 ft)
4293:
4279:
3791:
3412:
2987:
2814:
747:Its last eruption was around 5300 BCE in the
636:
630:
614:, during the border dispute between Iran and
574:
568:
538:texts and mythology, the three-headed dragon
188:
3001:
2128:
2126:
2124:
1673:). Along its riversides different kinds of
823:The most important of these hot springs is
558:depicts this event in his masterpiece, the
5360:Tourist attractions in Mazandaran province
4286:
4272:
3859:
3798:
3784:
3426:
3419:
3405:
2994:
2980:
2828:
2821:
2807:
2309:
2307:
1906:
1904:
1763:), is found and named after the mountain.
1607:
525:
2024:
1988:peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 January 2016
1961:
1766:
594:And tied him at the peak tight and bound.
419:and folklore. It is in the middle of the
2702:
2467:
2339:
2221:
2121:
1912:"Kuh-e Damavand – Iran Ultra Prominence"
1658:
1363:
928:
887:
883:
851:
793:
688:
674:
497:
483:
468:
453:
342:
2304:
1901:
856:Damavand volcanic crater in August 2009
847:
439:. It is near the southern coast of the
14:
5277:
2696:
2139:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1936:2009 U.S. military topographic mapping
1420:) live in the region of Damavand Mts.
751:. Its steep cone is formed of ash and
626:. The first verse of this poem reads:
530:Damavand is a significant mountain in
4267:
3779:
3400:
2975:
2802:
2678:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
403:, and the 3rd highest volcano in the
367:
2264:National Geoscience Database of Iran
1986:Pona, Georgia – Key col for Damavand
1849:
735:
3384:International Wetland (Ramsar Site)
2769:"Topographic map of Mount Damavand"
2472:. Springer Geology. pp. 1–44.
637:
631:
575:
569:
362:
189:
24:
3805:
2333:
2321:. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation
1991:
789:
660:Mount Damavand is depicted on the
654:O white giant with feet in chains,
25:
5376:
3386:- All names as inscribed by the
2751:
53:Mount Damavand, the south side,
27:Highest volcanic mountain in Asia
5320:Mountains of Mazandaran province
4248:
4247:
693:Mount Damavand rises within the
656:O dome of the world, O Damāvand.
586:be kuh-e Damāvand kardaš be-band
518:in the world and is part of the
215:
214:
207:
47:
3388:Department of Environment, Iran
2962:(4,285 m / 14,058 ft)
2943:(4,367 m / 14,327 ft)
2924:(5,610 m / 18,406 ft)
2905:(5,636 m / 18,491 ft)
2886:(5,642 m / 18,510 ft)
2867:(5,895 m / 19,341 ft)
2848:(6,893 m / 22,615 ft)
2722:
2669:
2652:
2635:
2626:
2609:
2592:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2534:
2520:
2494:
2461:
2420:
2376:
2269:
2256:
2215:
2172:
2118:. – Retrieved on 24 March 2009.
2105:
2093:
1856:
1468:The attractive and unreachable
5290:Five-thousanders of the Alborz
3745:British Indian Ocean Territory
2045:
1979:
1929:
1883:
646:ey div-e sepid-e pāy-dar-band,
13:
1:
5211:Tomb of Sultan Mohammad Taher
5169:Mirza Kuchak Khan Forest Park
4880:Abbas Abad Historical Complex
2102:, 2001, Microsoft Corporation
2100:Microsoft Encarta World Atlas
1877:
1368:A view of Damavand peak from
648:ey gonbad-e giti, ey Damāvand
584:biyāvard Zahhāk rā čon navand
347:Damavand from Polour Village
90:4,667 m (15,312 ft)
80:5,609 m (18,402 ft)
2470:The Economic Geology of Iran
1689:) are found. Greek juniper (
7:
5355:Tourist attractions in Amol
5340:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
5295:Highest points of countries
4974:Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge
2687:The Book of the Iris (1904)
2478:10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0_1
2437:10.1007/978-3-030-45212-4_4
2232:10.1007/978-3-030-71109-2_6
1824:List of Ultras of West Asia
1819:List of peaks by prominence
1802:
1725:) and Persian stone cress (
1476:) lives at high altitudes.
1375:
831:
488:view of Damavand peak from
473:view of damavand peak from
387:and is the highest peak in
10:
5381:
5246:Ecobiology Garden Nowshahr
3142:National Natural Monuments
2406:10.1007/s12371-021-00551-1
1756:Iris barnumiae demawendica
1619:) live in Lar riversides.
1400:
1389:and slopes are famous for
927:
777:lavas are directly on the
683:
522:mountaineering challenge.
504:Deir-e Gachin Caravansarai
29:
5256:
5124:Museum of natural history
4904:Dasht-e Naz National Park
4867:
4835:
4817:
4789:
4761:
4738:
4720:
4682:
4664:
4646:
4628:
4610:
4587:
4564:
4546:
4528:
4500:
4472:
4444:
4396:
4363:
4335:
4318:
4302:
4245:
4224:
4161:
4105:
4079:
4018:
3904:
3868:
3857:
3813:
3732:
3692:
3434:
3376:
3251:
3177:
3141:
3009:
2950:
2931:
2912:
2893:
2874:
2855:
2836:
2703:Wallis, Dr; Wallis, Mrs.
2362:10.1007/s11069-009-9375-2
2201:10.1007/s10950-014-9458-8
2114:. Banknotes & Coins:
1829:List of volcanoes in Iran
1814:List of mountains in Iran
1426:Panthera pardus saxicolor
576:به کوه دماوند کردش بهبند
570:بیاورد ضحاک را چون نَوَند
327:
317:
312:
302:
290:
285:
267:
257:
247:
237:
201:
196:
184:
179:
140:
112:
100:
84:
74:
69:
46:
41:
32:Damavand (disambiguation)
5325:National symbols of Iran
5305:Holocene stratovolcanoes
5095:Hotu and Kamarband Caves
4965:Challdareh National Park
3947:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
2262:Geological Map of Iran,
2013:Global Volcanism Program
1738:Astragalus microcephalus
1654:
1463:
516:12th most prominent peak
323:905 by Abu Dolaf Kazraji
5350:Stratovolcanoes of Iran
5189:Nassereddin Shah relief
4915:Imamzadeh Abbas of Sari
4895:Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg
4753:Ketalem and Sadat Shahr
4133:Three Persian religions
3755:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3003:Protected Areas of Iran
2763:CIA: The World Factbook
2542:"Mount Damavand Guides"
2528:"Mount Damavand Guides"
2018:Smithsonian Institution
1728:Aethionema grandiflorum
1608:Reptiles and amphibians
1484:) breeds in this area.
1380:
860:A major settlement for
638:ای گنبد گیتی، ای دماوند
618:. The poem Damāvand by
526:Symbolism and mythology
5365:Volcanic Seven Summits
5310:Mountaineering in Iran
5166:Espahbod Khorshid Cave
3428:Highest points of Asia
2830:Volcanic Seven Summits
2758:U.S. Geological Survey
2032:"SummitPost: Damavand"
1844:Volcanic Seven Summits
1767:National Heritage Site
1750:Acantholimon erinaceum
1741:), mountain sainfoin (
1713:), and Turkish hazel (
1686:Elaeagnus angustifolia
1664:
1590:Emberiza melanocephala
1522:Montifringilla nivalis
1372:
969:
897:
857:
808:
680:
664:of the Iranian 10,000
658:
651:
642:
596:
589:
580:
520:Volcanic Seven Summits
514:Mount Damāvand is the
511:
495:
481:
466:
458:View of Damavand peak
351:
122:Volcanic Seven Summits
5237:Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
5154:Babolsar Boating Pier
5082:Jameh Mosque of Babol
4924:Shahandasht Waterfall
4648:North Savadkuh County
4237:Fire temples in India
3905:Scripture and worship
2181:Journal of Seismology
2057:iranclimbingguide.com
1947:This is supported by
1864:Kunlun Volcanic Group
1707:), Eastern hornbeam (
1662:
1598:Carpodacus erythrinus
1570:Luscinia megarhynchos
1434:Ursus arctos syriacus
1367:
932:
891:
884:Geographical location
855:
806:
689:Setting and structure
678:
652:
643:
632:ای دیو سپید پایدربند
628:
590:
581:
566:
501:
487:
472:
457:
346:
5087:Jameh Mosque of Sari
5077:Jameh Mosque of Amol
4962:Sisangan Forest Park
4929:Tomb of Haydar Amuli
4530:Fereydunkenar County
4232:Fire temples in Iran
4019:Accounts and legends
3669:United Arab Emirates
2792:Encyclopædia Iranica
2112:Central Bank of Iran
1637:Iranian valley viper
1633:Macrovipera lebetina
1586:black-headed bunting
1546:Eremophila alpestris
1474:Tetraogallus caspius
1450:Calomyscus bailwardi
848:Routes to the summit
842:Last Glacial Maximum
5330:Places in Shahnameh
5243:DD Center Amir Abad
5228:Malek Bahman Castle
5193:Kashpel Forest Park
5175:Imamzadeh Kati Hill
5105:Vaziri Bath of Sari
4943:Watchtower of Babol
4934:Miankaleh peninsula
4295:Mazandaran Province
4106:History and culture
3952:Udvada Atash Behram
3696:limited recognition
2398:2021Geohe..13...39M
2354:2010NatHa..52..351M
2290:2011Geo....39..251S
2193:2015JSeis..19..191S
2151:2004GSAB..116...16D
2071:"Mountain Damavand"
1710:Carpinus orientalis
1701:), Oriental beech (
1698:Quercus macranthera
1677:trees like willow (
1578:Grey-necked bunting
1562:Monticola saxatilis
1514:Carduelis cannabina
620:Mohammad Taqī Bahār
502:damavand peak from
423:range, adjacent to
369:[dæmɒːvænd]
308:5350 BC ± 200 years
160: /
59:Mazandaran province
5217:Sorkh Roud Wetland
5139:Palace of Behshahr
4911:Larijan Hot Spring
4036:Book of Arda Viraf
3970:Cypress of Kashmar
3270:Arjan and Parishan
1895:2015-01-17 at the
1834:Lists of volcanoes
1744:Onobrychis cornuta
1670:Pistacia atlantica
1665:
1582:Emberiza buchanani
1446:mouse-like hamster
1373:
970:
898:
858:
825:Larijan Hot Spring
809:
681:
624:Persian literature
512:
496:
482:
467:
405:Eastern Hemisphere
352:
127:Country high point
70:Highest point
5345:Dormant volcanoes
5315:Mountains of Iran
5272:
5271:
5240:Sangeno Waterfall
5231:Chehel dar Castle
5172:Alimastan Village
5116:Paein Lamouk Park
5055:Sari Clock Square
5004:Ab Pari Waterfall
4978:Chaikhoran Palace
4939:Farahabad Complex
4900:Davazdah Cheshmeh
4885:Lar National Park
4863:
4862:
4722:Qaem Shahr County
4589:Mahmudabad County
4261:
4260:
3773:
3772:
3738:other territories
3394:
3393:
3380:Biosphere Reserve
2969:
2968:
2864:Mount Kilimanjaro
2587:978-600-5038-00-2
2502:"Map of Damavand"
2487:978-94-007-5624-3
2446:978-3-030-45211-7
2319:iranicaonline.org
2241:978-3-030-71108-5
1890:Geography of Iran
1850:Explanatory notes
1692:Juniperus excelsa
1649:Laudakia caucasia
1629:blunt-nosed viper
1554:Oenanthe oenanthe
1550:northern wheatear
1530:Petronia petronia
1502:Red-fronted serin
1482:Aquila chrysaetos
1458:Ochoton rufescens
1442:Chionomys nivalis
1430:Syrian brown bear
1362:
1361:
862:mountain climbers
804:
736:Eruptive activity
606:(as recounted by
532:Persian mythology
417:Persian mythology
409:Mount Kilimanjaro
341:
340:
164:35.951°N 52.109°E
96:
16:(Redirected from
5372:
5335:Pleistocene Asia
5257:populated places
5205:Valasht lake of
5202:Kheshtpol Bridge
5148:Tirkan Waterfall
5020:Safi Abad Palace
4837:Tonekabon County
4612:Miandorud County
4337:Abbasabad County
4333:
4332:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4251:
4250:
4216:in United States
3957:Adur Burzen-Mihr
3863:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3750:Christmas Island
3436:Sovereign states
3421:
3414:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3178:Wildlife Refuges
2996:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2732:. Archived from
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2596:
2590:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2508:on 11 March 2007
2504:. Archived from
2498:
2492:
2491:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2298:10.1130/G31779.1
2273:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:10.1130/b25344.1
2130:
2119:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2077:. Archived from
2067:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:"Damavand, Iran"
1965:
1959:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1899:
1887:
1871:
1860:
1761:Iris demawendica
1704:Fagus orientalis
1683:) and oleaster (
1680:Salix acomphylla
1594:common rosefinch
1506:Serinus pusillus
1498:Alectoris chukar
1494:Chukar partridge
1486:Griffon vultures
1470:Caspian snowcock
1406:Armenian mouflon
1331:Emamzadeh Hashem
1304:
1294:
1282:
1265:
1255:
1243:
1233:
1221:
1211:
1199:
1189:
1177:
1167:
1155:
1145:
1136:
1119:
1109:
1097:
1087:
1075:
1065:
1053:
1043:
1031:
1021:
1009:
999:
987:
977:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
920:
900:
899:
805:
769:pyroclastic flow
755:flows mainly of
640:
639:
634:
633:
578:
577:
572:
571:
449:Mazandaran State
379:
378:
377:
371:
366:
331:
271:
228:Location in Iran
218:
217:
211:
192:
191:
175:
174:
172:
171:
170:
165:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
92:
51:
39:
38:
21:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5252:
5234:Gazou Waterfall
5221:Dokhaharan lake
5145:Gol-e Zard Cave
5136:'s clock square
5113:Dalkhani Jungle
5058:Tamishan Palace
4859:
4831:
4813:
4791:Savadkuh County
4785:
4757:
4734:
4716:
4678:
4666:Nowshahr County
4660:
4642:
4624:
4606:
4583:
4560:
4542:
4524:
4496:
4474:Behshahr County
4468:
4446:Babolsar County
4440:
4392:
4359:
4314:
4298:
4292:
4262:
4257:
4241:
4220:
4157:
4101:
4075:
4046:Story of Sanjan
4014:
3900:
3869:Divine entities
3864:
3855:
3809:
3804:
3774:
3769:
3737:
3728:
3709:Northern Cyprus
3695:
3688:
3430:
3425:
3395:
3390:
3372:
3252:Protected Areas
3247:
3173:
3137:
3005:
3000:
2970:
2965:
2946:
2927:
2908:
2902:Pico de Orizaba
2889:
2870:
2851:
2845:Ojos del Salado
2832:
2827:
2786:
2777:
2775:
2773:opentopomap.org
2767:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2736:on 19 June 2007
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2657:
2653:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2597:
2593:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2466:
2462:
2447:
2425:
2421:
2381:
2377:
2342:Natural Hazards
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2242:
2220:
2216:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2131:
2122:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2006:
2005:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1897:Wayback Machine
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1805:
1769:
1747:) and prickly (
1716:Corylus colurna
1657:
1645:Caucasian agama
1610:
1466:
1422:Persian leopard
1410:Ovis orientalis
1403:
1383:
1378:
1339:Kandovan Tunnel
1300:
1290:
1278:
1261:
1251:
1239:
1229:
1217:
1207:
1195:
1185:
1173:
1163:
1151:
1141:
1132:
1115:
1105:
1093:
1083:
1071:
1061:
1049:
1039:
1027:
1017:
1005:
995:
983:
973:
968:
964:
962:
958:
956:
952:
950:
946:
944:
940:
938:
934:
916:
904:Map of central
886:
850:
834:
794:
792:
790:Thermal springs
738:
710:tectonic plates
691:
686:
655:
647:
635:
593:
585:
573:
554:. Persian poet
528:
397:highest volcano
373:
372:
329:
269:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
224:
223:
219:
168:
166:
162:
159:
154:
151:
149:
147:
146:
136:
91:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5378:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5199:Baliran Jungle
5197:
5196:Shur Mast Lake
5194:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Moalagh Bridge
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5062:Gerdkooh Hills
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5013:Lake of Ghosts
5010:
5005:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4985:
4984:Aerial tramway
4979:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4958:Kangelo Castle
4955:
4950:
4949:Dohezar Forest
4947:
4946:Mollana Mosque
4944:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4875:Mount Damavand
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4819:Simorgh County
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4548:Galugah County
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4436:Zargarmahalleh
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4268:
4259:
4258:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Chinvat Bridge
4048:
4043:
4041:Book of Jamasp
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Khordeh Avesta
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Airyaman ishya
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Amesha Spentas
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3814:Primary topics
3811:
3810:
3807:Zoroastrianism
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
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3616:
3611:
3606:
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3576:
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3451:
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3440:
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3416:
3409:
3401:
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3364:
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3353:
3348:
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3338:
3332:
3327:
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3289:
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3210:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3164:Sarv-e Abarkuh
3161:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:Dayer-Nakhiloo
3031:
3025:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3010:National Parks
3007:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:Mount Damavand
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2859:
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2850:
2849:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2752:External links
2750:
2748:
2747:
2721:
2695:
2684:Richard Lynch
2677:
2668:
2651:
2634:
2625:
2608:
2591:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2533:
2519:
2493:
2486:
2460:
2445:
2419:
2375:
2348:(2): 351–368.
2332:
2303:
2284:(3): 251–254.
2268:
2266:, www.ngdir.ir
2255:
2240:
2214:
2187:(1): 191–200.
2171:
2120:
2104:
2092:
2081:on 5 July 2015
2062:
2044:
2023:
1990:
1978:
1973:Peakbagger.com
1960:
1944:summitpost map
1928:
1900:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1768:
1765:
1722:Tulipa montana
1656:
1653:
1641:Vipera latifii
1625:Vipera ursinii
1617:Rana ridibunda
1609:
1606:
1576:for breeding.
1492:) are common.
1465:
1462:
1418:Capra aegagrus
1402:
1399:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1287:
1286:
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1269:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1023:Ghal'eh Gardan
1014:
1013:
1003:
992:
991:
981:
971:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
925:
924:
914:
909:
885:
882:
849:
846:
833:
830:
791:
788:
737:
734:
690:
687:
685:
682:
527:
524:
355:Mount Damavand
339:
338:
333:
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
283:
282:
273:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
227:
221:
220:
213:
212:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
169:35.951; 52.109
144:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
124:
118:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
88:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
67:
66:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5377:
5366:
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5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Holocene Asia
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5157:Elimalat Lake
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:Ramsar Palace
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:Markuh Castle
5098:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5023:Gharmerez spa
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Kolbadi House
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:Veresk Bridge
4967:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
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4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
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4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4740:Ramsar County
4737:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
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4681:
4675:
4672:
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4609:
4603:
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4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4566:Juybar County
4563:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4538:Fereydunkenar
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4502:Chalus County
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
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4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
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4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
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4371:
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4366:
4362:
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4353:
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4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
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4328:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:in Azerbaijan
4177:
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4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
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4149:
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4119:
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4108:
4104:
4098:
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4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
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4057:
4054:
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4044:
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4034:
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4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Adur Gushnasp
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
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3818:
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3812:
3808:
3801:
3796:
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3782:
3781:
3778:
3766:
3763:
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3758:
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3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:South Ossetia
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
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3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
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3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
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3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Sorkh-e Hesar
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
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3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
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3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:North America
2892:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:South America
2835:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2690:, p. 115, at
2689:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2665:
2664:964-8637-03-2
2661:
2655:
2648:
2647:964-94487-2-1
2644:
2638:
2629:
2622:
2621:964-96358-9-0
2618:
2612:
2605:
2604:964-94487-9-9
2601:
2595:
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2584:
2578:
2569:
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2237:
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2218:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2152:
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2144:
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2136:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1917:
1913:
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1905:
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1103:
1100:
1096:
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1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:Mishineh Marg
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
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895:
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879:
875:
869:
867:
863:
854:
845:
843:
839:
829:
826:
821:
820:earthquakes.
818:
814:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
733:
729:
726:
725:magma chamber
721:
719:
715:
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677:
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669:
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650:
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438:
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430:
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418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:stratovolcano
383:
376:
370:
365:
360:
356:
350:
345:
337:
334:
332:
330:Easiest route
326:
322:
320:
316:
311:
307:
305:
304:Last eruption
301:
298:
297:Stratovolcano
295:
293:
292:Mountain type
289:
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274:
272:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5225:Qaleh Gardan
5214:Takor Tekyeh
5184:Ramsar Hotel
5122:Khoshedaran
5119:Babol Museum
5092:Palaeolithic
5030:Alendan lake
4993:Nima Yooshij
4919:Resket Tower
4890:Badab-e Surt
4874:
4487:Khalil Shahr
4426:Khush Rudpey
4398:Babol County
4355:Salman Shahr
4325:
4319:
4252:
4056:Frashokereti
4010:Atash Behram
4000:The Revayats
3961:Adur Farnbag
3942:Fire Temples
3932:Yenghe hatam
3927:Ahuna Vairya
3896:Angra Mainyu
3734:Dependencies
3664:Turkmenistan
3629:Saudi Arabia
3518:
3153:
3121:Tang-e Sayad
2959:Mount Sidley
2957:
2940:Mount Giluwe
2938:
2920:
2919:
2900:
2883:Mount Elbrus
2881:
2862:
2843:
2776:. Retrieved
2772:
2738:. Retrieved
2734:the original
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2698:
2692:Google Books
2685:
2680:
2671:
2654:
2637:
2628:
2611:
2594:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2536:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2506:the original
2496:
2469:
2463:
2428:
2422:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2318:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2258:
2223:
2217:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2142:
2138:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2026:
2011:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1916:peaklist.org
1915:
1885:
1858:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1621:Meadow viper
1616:
1611:
1600:) come from
1597:
1589:
1581:
1572:) come from
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1538:Emberiza cia
1537:
1534:rock bunting
1529:
1526:rock sparrow
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1478:Golden eagle
1473:
1467:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1395:Salmo trutta
1394:
1384:
1353:
1345:
1335:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1301:
1291:
1279:
1273:
1262:
1252:
1240:
1230:
1218:
1208:
1196:
1186:
1174:
1164:
1152:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1116:
1106:
1094:
1084:
1072:
1062:
1050:
1040:
1028:
1018:
1006:
996:
988:
984:
974:
917:
911:
903:
870:
859:
835:
828:public use.
822:
810:
773:
746:
739:
730:
722:
692:
670:
659:
653:
645:
644:
629:
599:
597:
591:
583:
582:
567:
559:
529:
513:
436:
432:
428:
424:
413:Mount Elbrus
393:Western Asia
354:
353:
319:First ascent
270:Parent range
107:Mount Elbrus
36:
5285:Amol County
5151:Danial Cave
5142:Churat Lake
5102:Galehgardan
5026:Avidar Lake
5017:Mijran Lake
4988:Javaher Deh
4982:Namakabrood
4953:Lajim Tower
4850:Khorramabad
4809:Pol-e Sefid
4763:Sari County
4630:Neka County
4464:Kalleh Bast
4365:Amol County
4211:in Pakistan
4169:Persecution
4128:Khurramites
3841:Persia/Iran
3826:Zarathustra
3821:Ahura Mazda
3694:States with
3614:Philippines
3554:South Korea
3549:North Korea
3444:Afghanistan
3185:Amirkalayeh
2386:Geoheritage
2325:25 December
2315:"ĀB-E GARM"
2164:25 December
2116:10000 Rials
1789:Amol County
1780:Festivity,
1613:Marsh frogs
1566:nightingale
1558:rock thrush
1542:horned lark
1490:Gyps fulvus
1454:Afghan pika
1391:brown trout
1089:Shah Alborz
1011:Do Khaharan
813:hot springs
742:Pleistocene
699:Caspian Sea
536:Zoroastrian
479:Caspian Sea
441:Caspian Sea
185:Native name
167: /
142:Coordinates
102:Parent peak
94:Ranked 12th
5279:Categories
5249:Saghanefar
5207:Kelardasht
4999:Sefid Chah
4907:Gohar Tepe
4730:Qaem Shahr
4684:Nur County
4597:Mahmudabad
4579:Kuhi Kheyl
4520:Marzanabad
4515:Kelardasht
4492:Rostamkola
4174:in Armenia
4066:Hamistagan
3922:Ashem Vohu
3836:Vohu Manah
3674:Uzbekistan
3649:Tajikistan
3564:Kyrgyzstan
3544:Kazakhstan
3494:East Timor
3464:Bangladesh
3454:Azerbaijan
3361:Siahkeshim
3351:Mianjangal
3320:Kabir Kouh
3281:Dinar Kouh
3236:Sorkhankol
3213:Robat Shur
3132:Lake Urmia
3126:Khar Turan
3076:Kolahghazi
3039:Ghamishloo
2951:Antarctica
2788:"Damāvand"
2075:PersiaPort
2008:"Damavand"
1921:16 October
1878:References
1799:province.
1797:Mazandaran
1795:region in
1759:(formerly
1733:Astragalus
1518:snow finch
1349:Latyan Dam
894:Māzandarān
783:Subsidence
775:Quaternary
668:banknote.
540:Aži Dahāka
493:Mazandaran
460:Mazandaran
433:Gol-e Zard
280:Mazandaran
252:Māzandarān
155:52°06′32″E
152:35°57′04″N
86:Prominence
5162:Tonekabon
5049:Kolakchal
4855:Nashtarud
4845:Tonekabon
4707:Izadshahr
4702:Chamestan
4431:Marzikola
4378:Dabudasht
4350:Kelarabad
4345:Abbasabad
4162:Adherents
4143:Festivals
4123:Mazdakism
4118:Zurvanism
4031:Bundahišn
3846:Faravahar
3760:Hong Kong
3714:Palestine
3639:Sri Lanka
3634:Singapore
3514:Indonesia
3356:Mozaffari
3264:Arasbaran
3207:Miankaleh
3202:Miandasht
3191:Bakhtegan
3116:Tandooreh
3106:Siyahkooh
3044:Ghatroyeh
3017:Bakhtegan
2455:226738400
2414:233303860
2392:(2): 39.
2370:128613893
2250:235086218
2209:129297489
2145:(1): 16.
1735:species (
1438:snow vole
1414:wild goat
1385:Damavand
1257:Seh Hazar
1055:Mehr Chal
817:fumaroles
600:Shahnameh
561:Shahnameh
490:Lar river
445:Amol City
197:Geography
76:Elevation
5129:Kandolus
5072:Alam-Kuh
5040:Azad Kuh
5001:Cemetery
4674:Nowshahr
4602:Sorkhrud
4482:Behshahr
4459:Bahnemir
4454:Babolsar
4411:Amirkola
4321:Counties
4254:Category
4184:in India
4148:Marriage
4138:Calendar
4061:Xrafstar
3985:Visperad
3980:Vendidad
3704:Abkhazia
3654:Thailand
3609:Pakistan
3589:Mongolia
3584:Maldives
3579:Malaysia
3479:Cambodia
3300:(BR, IW)
3272:(BR, IW)
3224:Shadegan
3209:(BR, IW)
3154:Damavand
3149:Alam-Kuh
3134:(BR, IW)
3049:Golestan
2778:21 April
2512:11 March
2037:28 April
1952:evidence
1893:Archived
1803:See also
1376:Wildlife
1267:Shahrood
1169:Do Hezar
1121:Varavašt
1001:Do Berar
989:Damavand
979:Azad Kuh
922:Alam-Kuh
838:glaciers
832:Glaciers
811:Mineral
779:Jurassic
761:andesite
757:trachyte
749:Holocene
718:Himalaya
707:Eurasian
556:Ferdowsi
552:Fereydūn
313:Climbing
248:Province
222:Damavand
42:Damavand
18:Damavand
5067:Filband
5052:Deryuok
5035:Lar Dam
4827:Kiakola
4697:Baladeh
4656:Shirgah
4556:Galugah
4416:Galugah
4383:Gazanak
4303:Capital
4206:in Iraq
4201:in Iran
4092:Kashmar
4026:Dēnkard
4005:Ab-Zohr
3881:Yazatas
3851:Avestan
3679:Vietnam
3594:Myanmar
3574:Lebanon
3504:Georgia
3459:Bahrain
3449:Armenia
3382:- IW:
3346:Manesht
3330:Karkheh
3230:Shidvar
3159:Sabalan
3101:Sarigol
3086:Nayband
2932:Oceania
2394:Bibcode
2350:Bibcode
2286:Bibcode
2278:Geology
2189:Bibcode
2147:Bibcode
2085:19 June
1839:Maranak
1564:), and
1401:Mammals
1357:Lar Dam
1274:Cities:
1191:Jajrood
1128:Rivers:
1045:Kholeno
892:Map of
878:Persian
874:Simurgh
703:Arabian
684:Geology
662:reverse
608:Bal'ami
437:Mīānrūd
407:(after
382:dormant
380:) is a
359:Persian
286:Geology
238:Country
114:Listing
5160:Gabri
5045:Alasht
4868:Sights
4804:Alasht
4781:Kiasar
4748:Ramsar
4574:Juybar
4510:Chalus
4327:cities
4297:, Iran
4194:Parsis
4153:Burial
4113:Parsis
4080:Cities
4071:Duzakh
3990:Yashts
3917:Gathas
3912:Avesta
3891:Daevas
3886:Ahuras
3724:Taiwan
3659:Turkey
3624:Russia
3559:Kuwait
3539:Jordan
3529:Israel
3489:Cyprus
3474:Brunei
3469:Bhutan
3367:Touran
3341:Koulak
3325:Karkas
3315:Jajrud
3259:Alvand
3242:Touran
3218:Selkeh
3197:Hamoon
3169:Taftan
3096:Salouk
3091:Paband
3071:Kiasar
3066:Khojir
3028:Bojagh
2875:Europe
2856:Africa
2740:7 June
2730:"Irna"
2714:7 June
2662:
2645:
2619:
2602:
2585:
2484:
2453:
2443:
2412:
2368:
2248:
2238:
2207:
2053:"Home"
1809:Tirgan
1785:Nowruz
1782:Tabari
1778:Tirgan
1643:) and
1592:) and
1574:Africa
1540:) and
1510:linnet
1452:) and
1428:) and
1412:) and
1387:rivers
1370:Tehran
1313:Other:
1296:Chalus
1245:Sardab
1213:Kojoor
1157:Chalus
1147:Alamut
1111:Tochal
1099:Sialan
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
912:Peaks:
906:Alborz
866:Polour
836:A few
765:basalt
763:, and
714:Indian
695:Alborz
544:Zahhāk
510:desert
464:Tehran
435:, and
429:Sesang
425:Varārū
421:Alborz
395:, the
364:دماوند
276:Alborz
258:County
190:دماوند
180:Naming
4995:House
4799:Zirab
4776:Farim
4712:Royan
4620:Surak
4421:Gatab
4406:Babol
4388:Rineh
4225:Lists
4189:Irani
4087:Balkh
3975:Yasna
3765:Macau
3684:Yemen
3644:Syria
3619:Qatar
3599:Nepal
3534:Japan
3509:India
3499:Egypt
3484:China
3335:Kavir
3309:Heleh
3304:Haraz
3286:Gando
3061:Khabr
3055:Kavir
3023:Bamou
2708:(PDF)
2451:S2CID
2410:S2CID
2366:S2CID
2246:S2CID
2205:S2CID
1958:data.
1868:Tibet
1793:Rineh
1675:Salix
1655:Flora
1602:India
1464:Birds
1321:Dizin
1306:Karaj
1201:Karaj
1179:Haraz
616:Turan
604:Arash
548:Kāveh
477:near
475:Babol
462:from
443:, in
132:Ultra
5134:Sari
4771:Sari
4638:Neka
4373:Amol
4324:and
4310:Sari
4097:Yazd
3831:Asha
3604:Oman
3569:Laos
3524:Iraq
3519:Iran
3378:BR:
3369:(BR)
3363:(IW)
3337:(BR)
3311:(IW)
3298:Hara
3294:(BR)
3292:Geno
3288:(IW)
3276:Dena
3266:(BR)
3244:(BR)
3238:(IW)
3232:(IW)
3226:(IW)
3220:(IW)
3193:(IW)
3187:(IW)
3128:(BR)
3057:(BR)
3051:(BR)
3030:(IW)
3019:(IW)
2913:Asia
2780:2023
2742:2007
2716:2016
2660:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2514:2007
2482:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2327:2022
2236:ISBN
2166:2022
2087:2015
2039:2010
1956:SRTM
1954:and
1942:. A
1940:SRTM
1923:2011
1862:The
1381:Fish
1284:Amol
1235:Noor
1033:Gorg
753:lava
705:and
666:rial
612:Iran
550:and
411:and
401:Asia
391:and
389:Iran
349:Amol
336:Hike
262:Amol
242:Iran
63:Iran
55:Amol
4692:Nur
3736:and
3081:Lar
2474:doi
2433:doi
2402:doi
2358:doi
2294:doi
2228:doi
2197:doi
2155:doi
2143:116
1949:GPS
1866:in
1791:'s
1635:),
1627:),
1584:),
1556:),
1532:),
1524:),
1516:),
1508:),
1460:).
1444:),
1397:).
1223:Lar
1077:Naz
508:Qom
506:in
399:in
5281::
2790:.
2771:.
2480:.
2449:.
2439:.
2408:.
2400:.
2390:13
2388:.
2364:.
2356:.
2346:52
2344:.
2317:.
2306:^
2292:.
2282:39
2280:.
2244:.
2234:.
2203:.
2195:.
2185:19
2183:.
2153:.
2141:.
2137:.
2123:^
2073:.
2055:.
2016:.
2010:.
1993:^
1971:.
1914:.
1903:^
1604:.
1354:**
1263:12
1253:11
1241:10
1117:15
1107:14
1095:13
1085:12
1073:11
1063:10
759:,
564::
447:,
431:,
427:,
361::
278:–
61:,
57:,
4287:e
4280:t
4273:v
3799:e
3792:t
3785:v
3420:e
3413:t
3406:v
2995:e
2988:t
2981:v
2822:e
2815:t
2808:v
2794:.
2782:.
2744:.
2718:.
2666:.
2649:.
2623:.
2606:.
2589:.
2544:.
2530:.
2516:.
2490:.
2476::
2457:.
2435::
2416:.
2404::
2396::
2372:.
2360::
2352::
2329:.
2300:.
2296::
2288::
2252:.
2230::
2211:.
2199::
2191::
2168:.
2157::
2149::
2089:.
2059:.
2041:.
2020:.
1975:.
1925:.
1647:(
1639:(
1631:(
1623:(
1615:(
1596:(
1588:(
1580:(
1568:(
1560:(
1552:(
1544:(
1536:(
1528:(
1520:(
1512:(
1504:(
1496:(
1488:(
1480:(
1472:(
1456:(
1448:(
1440:(
1432:(
1424:(
1416:(
1408:(
1393:(
1346:*
1336:K
1328:E
1318:D
1302:3
1292:2
1280:1
1231:9
1219:8
1209:7
1197:6
1187:5
1175:4
1165:3
1153:2
1143:1
1134:0
1051:9
1041:8
1029:7
1019:6
1007:5
997:4
985:3
975:2
918:1
357:(
34:.
20:)
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