641:
697:
403:
208:. Amongst the first families to settle in Jerusalem were; Ohana, and Zana, Mimeran, Turgeman, and Aifraga. The Aifraga brothers, who were bankers back in Fez, could not adapt to life in Israel; they bid their cousins, the Zane family, goodbye in 1918, and moved to France and subsequently to Canada as Morocco was no more an option since the initial departure from Morocco was seen as a sedition by most Moroccans Jews and non-Jews. The David, Zane, and Turgeman families lived in the Jewish Quarter whilst the rest of the families lived in
255:
1945. This was partially due to a lack of stressors to leave. Jews in
Morocco felt like they had political security and favorable economic opportunity. They did not want to move to British-controlled Israel-Palestine where the political landscape and economic conditions were more unstable. The British restricted Jewish immigration making the process difficult and providing further disincentive. Additionally, French Moroccan authorities worked to neutralize Zionist efforts when interest in Zionism was proliferating throughout Europe.
627:
431:
375:
501:
247:, and due to domestic strife in the 1950s, the next several decades saw waves of Moroccan Jewish emigration to Israel. Moroccan Jews emigrated for a variety of reasons. Some have emigrated to Israel for religious reasons, some feared persecution, and others left for better economic prospects than they faced in post-colonial Morocco. With every Arab–Israeli war, tensions between Muslim Arabs and Jews rose, sparking more Moroccan Jewish emigration. By the time of the
3438:
655:
2001:
613:
571:
732:
543:
669:
459:
361:
746:
683:
278:. From there, they were brought to transit camps. Only three ships were able to leave. The first two were held in Cyprus until Israeli independence and the last left with only 44 emigrants due to the activity being discovered by French Moroccan authorities. This resulted in the shutdown of this entire illegal emigration operation. A consequence of these activities was an increase in antisemitism in Morocco. A notable incident was a
445:
487:
529:
711:
557:
599:
473:
389:
3448:
417:
585:
157:
Jewish attendance in French schools. After the Second World War and the establishment of the state of Israel, Jewish
Zionist organizations encouraged many Jewish families to leave Morocco and they migrated to Israel legally, with the approval of the French rule at the time. Following the war, many young Moroccan Jews migrated to Israel in a bold move and joined "
515:
258:
In 1947–1948, interest in making Aliyah became clear in large segments of
Moroccan Jewry. One reason for this was dissatisfaction with the French government's treatment of Moroccan Jews. Specifically, there was a refusal to consider granting educated Jews French citizenship which led to a desire for
254:
Morocco once represented the largest Jewish community in the Muslim world. However beginning around the time of the establishment of the modern state of Israel, through the mid-1970s, almost 90% of
Moroccan Jews made Aliyah and emigrated to Israel. Jewish emigration from Morocco was uncommon before
156:
Before the establishment of the State of Israel, rising French influence in
Morocco at the beginning of the 20th century encouraged Moroccan Jews to enroll in French schools, receive a French education and integrate into French culture until 1940, when the Vichy laws came into effect and forbade
135:. The 2019 Israeli census counts 472,800 Jews born in Morocco or with a Moroccan-born father, although according to the World Federation of Moroccan Jewry, nearly one million Israeli Jews are Moroccan or of Moroccan descent, making them the second-largest community in the country.
300:
in 1961. Hassan agreed to accept a large per-capita bounty from the international Jewish community for each Jew who emigrated from
Morocco, and under this agreement Jews were allowed the freedom to emigrate. Between the years 1961–1967, around 120,000 Jews left Morocco. The
219:
Migration was carried out largely through
Tunisia, using small boats to travel from there to Israel. In the summer of 1911, a baby boy; Moshe Vezana, was born, a son to Simcha (Pircha) and David, aboard the ship on their way to Israel. Upon their arrival at
263:, failed had produced regions of mass poverty. Along with this, there was an emotional drive fueled by Zionism gaining popularity among Moroccan Jews. This was a result of greater clarity into the viability of a Jewish state in Palestine.
240:. The Maghreb Jewish community was small between the first and third migrations. Leading congregations in Jerusalem were primarily communities which had immigrated from Iraq, Iran, Bukhara and Yemen.
1130:
228:
was celebrated. The boy, who was a son to a 'Mugrabi' family, was recorded at times as a
Tunisian native and, at other times, as an Israeli native. All other eight brothers were born in the
188:
to the smaller towns and villages surrounding the cities. The overcrowding, the decline in financial circumstances and the need to pray in secret caused some young families to emigrate to
3158:
200:. The first community to make the move were Fez Jews who were living near the main synagogue in Fez. About 60 to 80 young families migrated from 1908 to 1918, and settled mainly in
196:; which employed a more liberal policy for Jews. Rumors and letters which started arriving at synagogues told of Jews migrating to and settling in Israel, encouraging the
1123:
877:
1116:
1498:
1009:
Laskier, Michael M. (1989). "Jewish
Emigration from Morocco to Israel: Government Policies and the Position of International Jewish Organizations, 1949-56".
305:
in 1967 led to another wave of emigration of Jews from
Morocco, primarily to France, but also to Canada, the United States, Israel and other countries.
3477:
1473:
1078:
1287:
1428:
1989:
906:
857:
1967:
1098:
3482:
2129:
279:
3370:
2825:
330:, pressure was exerted on Morocco and a secret treaty was signed with King Hassan II and consequently a massive exodus of Jews from
3472:
3270:
2634:
1440:
3397:
3355:
1557:
2840:
1894:
2939:
2330:
640:
259:
more freedom and better representation in government. Additionally, many places where the current system, which included the
885:
1466:
151:
2609:
308:
Moroccan Jews in Israel enjoyed less upward mobility: 51 percent were blue-collar in 1961 and 54 percent as late as 1981.
3305:
2526:
2347:
1282:
881:
2531:
1312:
3451:
2914:
2624:
2308:
1317:
282:. On June 7, 1948 43 Jews were killed by local Muslims whose frustration was enhanced by French Moroccan officials.
260:
3275:
2459:
2180:
2153:
696:
1982:
1459:
1386:
646:
232:. It was a large family of Mughrabi; the largest living inside the walls of the Old City, until their escape to
2122:
1297:
1267:
1227:
1222:
764:
172:, which entailed French protection of Moroccan Jews, there was a mass escape of Jews from large cities such as
832:
3016:
2979:
2879:
2810:
2796:
2540:
2474:
2040:
1924:
1878:
1307:
1277:
1169:
984:
2909:
2066:
1302:
1262:
1237:
1232:
1184:
1108:
759:
3300:
3255:
3183:
2830:
2444:
1997:
1836:
1748:
1343:
1292:
326:("nut"), which held 44 illegal immigrants, drowned in the sea on its way to Israel. After the sinking of
244:
626:
3330:
3234:
3194:
2869:
2469:
2454:
2237:
1975:
402:
3441:
3081:
2934:
2929:
2115:
1782:
1562:
1194:
1164:
769:
374:
162:
2984:
2708:
2419:
2158:
1899:
1713:
1627:
1612:
1381:
1366:
1333:
1189:
1159:
1151:
84:
3417:
3209:
2864:
2535:
1735:
1664:
1617:
1567:
1358:
1257:
1252:
1212:
1174:
779:
774:
1671:
3335:
3130:
2889:
2365:
2313:
2303:
2291:
1846:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1637:
1622:
1552:
1482:
1402:
1348:
1247:
1242:
1204:
1179:
632:
139:
3387:
3312:
3219:
3135:
3120:
3074:
3069:
2944:
2584:
2511:
2506:
2377:
2220:
2167:
1868:
1686:
1584:
1535:
1376:
1371:
500:
237:
229:
96:
88:
966:
3345:
3125:
2924:
2674:
2046:
2031:
2016:
1649:
1540:
1508:
1272:
297:
570:
542:
430:
8:
3103:
3094:
3059:
2835:
2464:
2269:
2081:
2071:
2036:
1904:
1841:
1813:
1798:
1545:
654:
528:
267:
2252:
802:
in 2004. The World Federation of Moroccan Jewry estimated close to 1 million as of 2019.
668:
612:
514:
458:
360:
3377:
3260:
3026:
2989:
2949:
2884:
2599:
2091:
2076:
2056:
2026:
1934:
1856:
1820:
1808:
1594:
1589:
1490:
1026:
861:
2232:
1045:"IMMIGRANTS, BY PERIOD OF IMMIGRATION, COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND LAST COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE"
946:"IMMIGRANTS, BY PERIOD OF IMMIGRATION, COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND LAST COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE"
682:
138:
274,180 individuals are recorded to have emigrated from Morocco to Israel between the
3340:
3280:
3140:
3006:
2874:
2765:
2521:
2496:
2096:
2086:
2005:
1851:
710:
2545:
444:
3113:
2782:
2735:
2703:
2629:
2567:
2550:
2516:
2449:
2414:
2409:
2387:
2382:
2318:
2296:
2200:
2175:
2138:
1909:
1503:
1099:"Will Moroccan Jews in Israel vote Labour in 2019 elections? | Saad Guerraoui | AW"
1018:
584:
388:
291:
3038:
556:
486:
3064:
2996:
2919:
2801:
2777:
2745:
2740:
2691:
2664:
2654:
2560:
2439:
2259:
2242:
2205:
2195:
1919:
1914:
1777:
1772:
1758:
1743:
1574:
1530:
1518:
1143:
576:
548:
416:
266:
During this early period of immigration, much of it was facilitated illegally by
100:
92:
598:
472:
3407:
3392:
2904:
2894:
2852:
2820:
2815:
2755:
2659:
2604:
2594:
2555:
2397:
2392:
2281:
2190:
2021:
1929:
1676:
1513:
1423:
737:
716:
674:
506:
464:
422:
394:
366:
335:
248:
1044:
1022:
945:
251:
in 1973, the majority of Morocco's Jewish population had emigrated to Israel.
3466:
3108:
3033:
2969:
2899:
2760:
2750:
2730:
2718:
2686:
2481:
2402:
2335:
2264:
2225:
1763:
1083:
751:
702:
688:
660:
618:
380:
271:
197:
169:
128:
65:
1138:
338:. Some Jews came to Israel and some migrated to France and other countries.
3365:
3360:
3199:
2857:
2847:
2579:
2185:
1706:
1701:
1681:
1604:
1579:
1139:
274:
emissaries. Moroccan Jews were smuggled into Morocco through the border at
173:
3382:
3224:
3048:
3011:
3001:
2974:
2589:
2501:
2210:
2061:
1723:
1718:
1696:
1691:
1451:
590:
562:
520:
450:
408:
322:
302:
1753:
3350:
3021:
2961:
2679:
2286:
2274:
1861:
1803:
1030:
836:
799:
604:
534:
478:
436:
331:
225:
2619:
492:
201:
185:
45:
2770:
2723:
2669:
2486:
2370:
2340:
2323:
2107:
1523:
919:
205:
53:
2215:
3412:
3402:
2000:
1873:
233:
193:
116:
104:
57:
2696:
2614:
2572:
2247:
1433:
1418:
189:
177:
132:
78:
61:
3089:
2713:
923:
907:
Moroccan Jewry in Israel set to commemorate 60 years of aliya
858:
Moroccan Jewry in Israel set to commemorate 60 years of aliya
342:
275:
221:
181:
158:
49:
346:
285:
127:
are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the
35:
472,800 (born in Morocco or with a Moroccan-born father)
727:
1068:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 67
1066:Ethnicity, REligion, and Class in Israeli Society
3464:
311:
334:port was carried out under the supervision of
2123:
1983:
1467:
1124:
920:"נתון אחד ביום: רוב יהודי מרוקו חיים בישראל"
1958:from Christian Arabs in Israel, since 2014.
341:Politically, Moroccan Jews tend to support
2130:
2116:
1990:
1976:
1481:
1474:
1460:
1396:Non-Jewish groups (with Jewish minorities)
1131:
1117:
1071:
985:"The Aliyah of Moroccan Jewry (1954-1955)"
3478:Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
967:"Morocco film searches out Jews who left"
878:"Jews by country of origin and age, 2010"
280:pogrom in Oudjda and the surrounding area
1951:from Muslim Arabs in Israel, since 1957.
1441:Historical Jewish population comparisons
1064:Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Stephen Sharot,
1008:
872:
870:
3465:
286:Emigration under Hassan II of Morocco
2111:
1971:
1455:
1112:
296:Policy changed with the accession of
81:(Main language for all generations);
3447:
2137:
867:
152:Migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel
40:Regions with significant populations
1037:
953:CBS, Statistical Abstract of Israel
882:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
131:who now reside within the state of
13:
989:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
833:"اليهود المغاربة وازدواجية الولاء"
14:
3494:
3483:Moroccan-Jewish culture in Israel
352:
3446:
3437:
3436:
2319:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1999:
744:
730:
709:
695:
681:
667:
653:
639:
625:
611:
597:
583:
569:
555:
541:
527:
513:
499:
485:
471:
457:
443:
429:
415:
401:
387:
373:
359:
161:" forces that were fighting the
3473:Israeli Jews by national origin
1091:
1058:
1002:
977:
647:David Levy (Israeli politician)
959:
938:
912:
900:
851:
825:
805:
792:
765:History of the Jews in Morocco
1:
1079:"Israel's "New Labour" party"
955:. Government of Israel. 2009.
818:
16:Jewish ethnic group in Israel
1142:by geographic origin in the
168:Prior to the signing of the
7:
1387:Peruvian Jews (B'nai Moshe)
723:
212:(English: "residence") and
142:in 1948 and the year 2016.
129:Moroccan Jewish communities
10:
3499:
3331:African diaspora religions
2455:Indigenous Black Canadians
289:
149:
145:
140:establishment of the state
3432:
3321:
3306:African Hebrew Israelites
3291:
3245:
3182:
3171:
3151:
3082:Afro-Asians in South Asia
3047:
2960:
2795:
2645:
2430:
2356:
2166:
2152:
2145:
2012:
1943:
1887:
1829:
1791:
1734:
1603:
1489:
1411:
1395:
1357:
1326:
1203:
1150:
1023:10.1080/00263208908700785
770:Arabic language in Israel
216:(English: "peace tent").
115:
110:
77:
72:
44:
39:
32:
27:
2348:Turks and Caicos Islands
1895:African-American Hebrews
1830:Other non-Semitic groups
785:
760:Israel–Morocco relations
1344:Peruvian Jews (Iquitos)
780:North African Sephardim
775:Jewish ethnic divisions
245:1947–1949 Palestine war
125:Moroccan Jews in Israel
23:Moroccan Jews in Israel
3336:Anti-African sentiment
1483:Demographics of Israel
1011:Middle Eastern Studies
633:Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit
3388:Civil rights movement
3276:Afro-Caribbean people
2585:Chestnut Ridge people
2507:African-American Jews
2309:Saint Kitts and Nevis
238:1948 Arab-Israeli War
230:Old City of Jerusalem
163:1948 Arab–Israeli War
97:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
68:and many other places
3346:Atlantic slave trade
3034:United Arab Emirates
1491:Israelis by religion
1052:Government of Israel
909:, (August 25, 2019).
312:The disaster of the
298:Hassan II of Morocco
3235:Sierra Leone Creole
3086:India and Pakistan
2331:Trinidad and Tobago
2181:Antigua and Barbuda
1749:Madani and Fellahin
1359:Other Jewish groups
268:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
24:
3378:Black Lives Matter
2985:Ethiopian Israelis
2635:African immigrants
2610:Louisiana Redbones
2546:Chickasaw freedmen
2475:African immigrants
2243:Dominican Republic
1283:Saudi Arabian Jews
1185:South African Jews
1087:. 26 October 2017.
864:(August 25, 2019).
862:The Jerusalem Post
839:. 21 December 2005
83:Older generation:
22:
3460:
3459:
3428:
3427:
3341:Anti-Black racism
3281:British Jamaicans
3271:African Americans
3256:African Americans
3210:Americo-Liberians
3195:African Americans
3167:
3166:
2990:Sudanese refugees
2791:
2790:
2561:Seminole freedmen
2541:Cherokee freedmen
2522:Black Southerners
2497:African Americans
2445:African Americans
2105:
2104:
2006:Moroccan diaspora
1965:
1964:
1888:Foreign nationals
1837:African Americans
1449:
1448:
320:In 1961 the ship
224:port, the baby's
122:
121:
3490:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3180:
3179:
2568:Creoles of color
2551:Choctaw freedmen
2517:Black Mennonites
2450:Black Mennonites
2297:Jamaican Maroons
2253:Samaná Americans
2164:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2139:African diaspora
2132:
2125:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1954:Arameans have a
1558:Eastern Orthodox
1476:
1469:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1434:"Reverse Aliyah"
1133:
1126:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
981:
975:
974:
963:
957:
956:
950:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
916:
910:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
884:. Archived from
874:
865:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
829:
812:
809:
803:
796:
754:
749:
748:
747:
740:
735:
734:
733:
713:
699:
685:
671:
657:
643:
629:
615:
601:
587:
573:
559:
545:
531:
517:
503:
489:
475:
461:
447:
433:
419:
405:
391:
377:
363:
292:Operation Yachin
28:Total population
25:
21:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3424:
3398:Genetic history
3323:
3317:
3293:
3287:
3267:United Kingdom
3241:
3220:Afro-Brazilians
3175:
3173:
3163:
3147:
3052:
3043:
2956:
2799:
2787:
2647:
2641:
2512:Alabama Creoles
2432:
2426:
2358:
2352:
2157:
2141:
2136:
2106:
2101:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1966:
1961:
1939:
1883:
1825:
1787:
1773:Arab Christians
1730:
1599:
1485:
1480:
1450:
1445:
1429:Israelis abroad
1407:
1391:
1353:
1322:
1199:
1195:Venezuelan Jews
1165:Australian Jews
1146:
1144:Jewish diaspora
1137:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
983:
982:
978:
973:. 3 March 2013.
965:
964:
960:
948:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
918:
917:
913:
905:
901:
891:
889:
876:
875:
868:
856:
852:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
821:
816:
815:
810:
806:
797:
793:
788:
750:
745:
743:
736:
731:
729:
726:
719:
714:
705:
700:
691:
686:
677:
672:
663:
658:
649:
644:
635:
630:
621:
616:
607:
602:
593:
588:
579:
577:Moshe Bar-Asher
574:
565:
560:
551:
546:
537:
532:
523:
518:
509:
504:
495:
490:
481:
476:
467:
462:
453:
448:
439:
434:
425:
420:
411:
406:
397:
392:
383:
378:
369:
364:
355:
318:
294:
288:
154:
148:
105:Moroccan Ladino
101:Moroccan French
93:Moroccan Arabic
85:Moroccan Berber
82:
34:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3496:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3408:Pan-Africanism
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Creole peoples
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3109:Black Dutchmen
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2925:United Kingdom
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2556:Creek freedmen
2553:
2548:
2543:
2529:
2527:Black Hispanic
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2493:United States
2491:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2398:Miskito people
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2206:Cayman Islands
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2097:Western Sahara
2094:
2089:
2087:United Kingdom
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2009:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1412:Related topics
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1403:Dutch Israelis
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1382:Pakistani Jews
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:Ethiopian Jews
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Bulgarian Jews
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Jordanian Jews
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1190:Uruguayan Jews
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:Argentine Jews
1156:
1154:
1152:Ashkenazi Jews
1148:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1070:
1057:
1036:
1017:(3): 323–362.
1001:
976:
958:
937:
911:
899:
866:
850:
823:
822:
820:
817:
814:
813:
804:
790:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
755:
741:
738:Morocco portal
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:Ronit Elkabetz
715:
708:
706:
701:
694:
692:
687:
680:
678:
675:Shlomo Ben-Ami
673:
666:
664:
659:
652:
650:
645:
638:
636:
631:
624:
622:
617:
610:
608:
603:
596:
594:
589:
582:
580:
575:
568:
566:
561:
554:
552:
547:
540:
538:
533:
526:
524:
519:
512:
510:
507:Yael Abecassis
505:
498:
496:
491:
484:
482:
477:
470:
468:
465:Sharren Haskel
463:
456:
454:
449:
442:
440:
435:
428:
426:
423:Daniel Benlulu
421:
414:
412:
407:
400:
398:
395:Yossi Benayoun
393:
386:
384:
379:
372:
370:
367:Reuven Abergel
365:
358:
354:
353:Notable people
351:
336:General Oufkir
317:
310:
290:Main article:
287:
284:
249:Yom Kippur War
150:Main article:
147:
144:
120:
119:
113:
112:
108:
107:
75:
74:
70:
69:
42:
41:
37:
36:
30:
29:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3495:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3453:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:Sierra Leone
3230:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:Afro-American
3170:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:French Guiana
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Somali Bantus
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:Black Indians
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Affrilachians
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:New Brunswick
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2403:Miskito Sambu
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Dougla people
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:Ganga-Longoba
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Latin America
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:United States
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1956:status aparte
1953:
1950:
1949:status aparte
1947:Druze have a
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:Other Semitic
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Moroccan Jews
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:Sephardi Jews
1325:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Bahraini Jews
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:Lebanese Jews
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Mountain Jews
1256:
1254:
1253:Bukharan Jews
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Egyptian Jews
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Algerian Jews
1226:
1224:
1223:Tunisian Jews
1221:
1219:
1218:Moroccan Jews
1216:
1214:
1213:Yemenite Jews
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Romanian Jews
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1084:The Economist
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
990:
986:
980:
972:
968:
962:
954:
947:
941:
925:
921:
915:
908:
903:
888:on 2011-11-13
887:
883:
879:
873:
871:
863:
859:
854:
838:
834:
828:
824:
808:
801:
798:According to
795:
791:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
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1930:Doms (Gypsy)
1925:Palestinians
1744:Arab Muslims
1707:Bene Ephraim
1702:Bnei Menashe
1632:
1580:Samaritanism
1553:Christianity
1509:Conservative
1349:Turkish Jews
1338:
1308:Kuwaiti Jews
1288:Emirati Jews
1248:Iranian Jews
1243:Kurdish Jews
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19:Ethnic group
3418:Reparations
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1869:Circassians
1724:Falash Mura
1719:Beta Israel
1697:Bene Israel
1377:Indian Jews
1372:French Jews
1318:Kazakh Jews
1313:Afghan Jews
1303:Qatari Jews
1263:Syrian Jews
1233:Libyan Jews
1170:Polish Jews
811:As of 2010.
591:Ninet Tayeb
563:Haim Revivo
521:Amir Peretz
451:Omri Casspi
409:Shlomo Amar
303:Six-Day War
192:or move to
3467:Categories
3351:Coromantee
2766:Paramaccan
2680:Quilombola
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1804:Samaritans
1677:Romaniotes
1613:Ashkenazim
1568:Protestant
1293:Omani Jews
1273:Iraqi Jews
930:6 December
892:6 December
843:6 December
837:BBC Arabic
819:References
800:BBC Arabic
605:Zehava Ben
535:Miri Regev
479:Oshik Levi
437:Aryeh Deri
332:Casablanca
243:After the
226:Brit Milah
170:Fez Treaty
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3075:Hong Kong
3070:Guangzhou
3060:Australia
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2146:Geography
1905:Filipinos
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1799:Assyrians
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493:Orly Levi
210:Mishkanot
202:Jerusalem
186:Marrakech
73:Languages
46:Jerusalem
3442:Category
3292:Asia and
3261:Haitians
3216:Nigeria
3206:Liberia
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3152:Atlantic
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3027:Africans
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2196:Barbados
2176:Anguilla
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1935:Sudanese
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1857:Russians
1821:Lebanese
1809:Arameans
1783:Lebanese
1672:Karaites
1665:Yemenite
1645:Mizrahim
1633:Moroccan
1618:Romanian
1595:Buddhism
1590:Hinduism
1563:Catholic
1524:Haymanot
1504:Rabbinic
994:14 April
971:Ynetnews
724:See also
206:Tiberias
111:Religion
54:Tel Aviv
3452:Commons
3413:Slavery
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2821:Belgium
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2704:Ecuador
2675:Macombo
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2648:America
2470:Ontario
2433:America
2359:America
2357:Central
2282:Jamaica
2270:Marabou
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2201:Bermuda
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2047:Germany
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2017:Belgium
1900:Chinese
1852:Indians
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1623:Russian
1575:Druzism
1519:Karaite
1499:Judaism
1054:. 2009.
1031:4283316
236:due to
234:Katamon
194:Tunisia
146:History
117:Judaism
58:Netanya
33:900,000
3371:Yoruba
3324:topics
3301:Israel
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3184:Africa
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2997:Jordan
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1692:Cochin
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1514:Reform
1419:Aliyah
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190:Israel
178:Meknes
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62:Ashdod
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3313:Japan
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2841:Paris
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2687:Chile
2646:South
2605:Igbos
2431:North
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2265:Haiti
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2186:Aruba
2077:Spain
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2041:Paris
1920:Kurds
1915:Turks
1847:Dutch
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1764:Negev
1736:Arabs
1650:Iraqi
1585:Bahai
1536:Sunni
1531:Islam
1424:Sabra
1048:(PDF)
1027:JSTOR
949:(PDF)
924:Davar
786:Notes
343:Likud
276:Oujda
182:Rabat
159:Gahal
50:Haifa
3356:Igbo
3225:Saro
3049:Asia
3002:Oman
2975:Iraq
2970:Iran
2741:Peru
2211:Cuba
2062:Mali
1605:Jews
1541:Shia
996:2018
932:2022
894:2022
845:2022
347:Shas
328:Egoz
323:Egoz
316:ship
314:Egoz
270:and
222:Yafo
204:and
184:and
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345:or
261:AIU
174:Fez
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