École Polytechnique massacre

1078: 817: 365: 553: 396: 486: 6209: 985:. He suggested that feminists used the massacre as a chance to unleash "insanities". Critics such as Côté argued that Lépine was a "lone gunman" who does not represent men, and that violence against women is neither condoned nor encouraged officially or unofficially in western culture. In this perspective, feminist memorializing is considered socially divisive on the basis of gender and therefore harmful by bestowing guilt on all men, irrespective of individual propensity to violence against women. 5504: 5516: 1025: 308:, where he separated the male and female students, ordering the men to leave. He shot all nine women in the room, killing six. For nearly 20 minutes the shooter moved through corridors on multiple floors of the building, the cafeteria, and another classroom, targeting women. He wounded more students and killed eight more women before fatally shooting himself. In total, he killed 14 women; he wounded 10 more women and four men. 82: 947:

guns in Quebec. In March 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled against Quebec, allowing the destruction of all the federal registry data, although Quebec created its own provincial gun registry to replace it. Since its creation, PolySeSouvient, with survivors Nathalie Provost and Heidi Rathjen as spokespersons, has continued to be active in lobbying for stricter gun control and safety in Quebec and Canada. In 2018

681:. It contained a list of nineteen Quebec women whom Lépine labeled as "radical feminists" and apparently intended to kill. The list included Pelletier, plus a union leader, a politician, a TV figure, and six police officers who the gunman knew from their playing together on an amateur volleyball team. The letter (without the list of women) was subsequently published in the newspaper 1012:

leave by the lone gunman, meekly did so, and abandoned their female classmates to their fate—an act of abdication that would have been unthinkable in almost any other culture throughout human history." Male students and staff expressed feelings of remorse for not having attempted to prevent the shootings. This issue has been strongly rejected by the Polytechnique student community.

661:(college) program in Pure Sciences in 1982, but switched to a three-year vocational program in electronics technology after his first year. He abandoned this program in his final semester without explanation. Lépine applied to the École Polytechnique in 1986 and in 1989 but lacked two CEGEP courses required for admission. He completed one of them in the winter of 1989. 326:, and officials took other other actions to end violence against women. The massacre also led to policy changes in emergency services protocols to shootings; for instance, that police would intervene immediately to try to reduce casualties. These changes were credited with later minimizing casualties during incidents of shooting in Montreal and elsewhere. 385:, protested that they were women studying engineering, not feminists fighting against men or marching to prove that they were better. He opened fire on the students, from left to right, killing six—Hélène Colgan, Nathalie Croteau, Barbara Daigneault, Anne-Marie Lemay, Sonia Pelletier, and Annie St-Arneault—and wounding three others, including Provost. 319:. The gunman had said he was against feminism; after the attack, Canadians debated various interpretations of the events, their significance, and the shooter's motives. Some interpretations noted that the shooter had been abused as a child, or suggested that the massacre was the isolated act of a madman, unrelated to larger social issues. 884:" designed to increase women's equality and reduce violence against women through government policy. Critics of the panel said that the plan failed to provide a workable timeline and strategy for implementation and that with more than four hundred recommendations, the final report was too difuse to make an impact. 867:

In response to the killings, a House of Commons Sub-Committee on the Status of Women was created. It released a report "The War against Women" in June 1991, which was not endorsed by the full standing committee. But, following its recommendations, the federal government established the Canadian Panel

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The gender of the victims, as well as Lépine's oral statements during the massacre and in the suicide note, have resulted in the attack being interpreted as antifeminist and as an example of the wider issue of violence against women in Canadian society. Initially, politicians and the media downplayed

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violence. As a result, they did not conduct a public inquiry, and did not release Lépine's suicide letter. In addition, although an extensive police investigation into the perpetrator and the killings took place, the resulting report was not made public. The coroner was authorized to have a copy as a

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The gunman continued into the second-floor corridor and wounded three students before entering another room where he twice attempted to shoot a female student. When his weapon failed to fire, he entered the emergency staircase and reloaded his gun. He tried to return to the room he had just left, but

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in his weapon and moved to the front of the class, shooting in all directions. The wounded Maryse Leclair asked for help; the gunman stabbed her three times with his hunting knife, killing her. He took off his cap, wrapped his coat around his rifle, said, "Oh shit", and killed himself with a shot to

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The shooter walked up an escalator to the third floor, where he shot and wounded one female and two male students in the hallway. He entered another classroom and told the men to "get out", shooting and wounding Maryse Leclair, who was giving a presentation at the front of the classroom. He fired on

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The gunman went down to the first-floor cafeteria, in which about 100 people were gathered. As he shot nursing student Barbara Maria Klucznick near the kitchens and wounded another student, the crowd scattered. Entering an unlocked storage area at the end of the cafeteria, the gunman shot and killed

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In Québec, family members of the victims formed a foundation to support organizations combatting violence, particularly violence against women. It has continued throughout all levels of society. Survivors and their relatives have continued to speak about the issue. Researchers increased their study

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Individuals close to the massacre also commented: Lépine's mother wondered if the attack was synbolically directed at her, as some would have classified her as a feminist since she was a single, working mother. Survivor Nathalie Provost who, during and after the attack, denied being a feminist. But

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against women, as the victims were selected solely because of their membership in the category of women. The women targeted were interchangeable with other women. They categorize it as a "pseudo-community" type of "pseudo-commando" murder-suicide, in which the perpetrator targets a specific group,

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government aimed at ending the registration of firearms. The long-gun registry was abolished by the Harper government in April 2012, but the Quebec government won a temporary injunction, preventing the destruction of the province's gun registry data, and ordering the continued registration of long

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father, who was a non-practising Muslim. He and his sister Nadia were baptized Catholic but received little instruction. According to the mother in a 2006 article, the father, a mutual funds salesman, did not consider women to be the equal of men. He was physically and verbally abusive to his wife

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suggested that male inaction during the massacre illustrated a "culture of passivity" prevalent among men in Canada, which enabled the shooting spree: "Yet the defining image of contemporary Canadian maleness is not M Lepine/Gharbi but the professors and the men in that classroom, who, ordered to

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The massacre was a major spur for the Canadian gun control movement. Less than a week after the event, two École Polytechnique professors created a petition addressed to the Canadian government demanding tighter gun control; and more than half a million signatures were collected. Heidi Rathjen, a

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Events are held across the country each year on December 6 in memory of the slain women and numerous memorials have been built. The memorial in Vancouver sparked controversy because it was dedicated to "all women murdered by men", which critics say implies all men are potential murderers. Women

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on the second floor. He did not speak to anyone, although a staff member asked if she could help him. He left the office and was seen in other parts of the building before he entered a second-floor mechanical engineering class of about sixty students at about 5:10 p.m. After approaching the

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As predicted by the shooter in his suicide letter, some observers believed the event was the isolated act of a madman. A psychiatrist interviewed the gunman's family and friends, and examined his writings as part of the police investigation. He noted that the perpetrator defined suicide as his

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Emergency response to the shootings was harshly criticized for failures to protect the students and staff. Security guards at the École Polytechnique were poorly trained, organized and equipped. Communication issues at the 911 call centre delayed the dispatch of police and ambulances, who were

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and son, and discouraged tenderness between the two. When Gamil was seven, his parents separated; his father ceased contact with his children soon after. His mother returned to nursing to support the family; because of her schedule, the children lived with other families during the week.

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student who was in one of the classrooms that Lépine skipped, organized the Coalition for Gun Control with Wendy Cukier to pressure for a gun registry and increased firearm regulation. Suzanne Laplante-Edward and Jim Edward, parents of one of the victims, were also deeply involved.

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commentators state that feminism has provoked violence against women and, without explicitly condoning the shootings, view the massacre as an extreme expression of men's frustrations. A few antifeminists see the killer as a hero, glorifying his actions, and threatening violence.

848:(PTSD). At least two students committed suicide afterward, and left notes confirming that their deaths were due to distress caused by the massacre. Nine years after the event, survivors reported still being affected by their experiences, though some of the effects had lessened. 425:

The police officers were disorganized and poorly coordinated. They established a perimeter around the building and waited before entering the building. During this period, the gunman killed several women. Three official investigations severely condemned the emergency response.

1016:, one of the female survivors, said that she felt that nothing could have been done to prevent the tragedy, and that her fellow students should not feel guilty. Asmaa Mansour, another survivor, emphasized the actions of the men in saving her life and in helping the injured. 1006:

who persuaded Denis Lortie to surrender during his 1984 attack, said that someone should have intervened at least to distract Lépine, but acknowledged that "ordinary citizens cannot be expected to react heroically in the midst of terror". Conservative newspaper columnist

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In the leaked letter, Lépine wrote that he was rational and blamed 'feminists' for ruining his life. He said he was angry at feminists for seeking social changes that "retain the advantages of being women while trying to grab those of the men". He referred to

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Male survivors of the massacre have been subjected to criticism for not intervening to stop the shooter. In an interview immediately after the event, a reporter asked one of the men why they "abandoned" the women when it was clear that his targets were women.

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The brief biography of the shooter that police released the day after the killings described him as intelligent but troubled. He disliked feminists, career women, and women in traditionally-male occupations, such as the police force. He began a pre-university

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On the day of the massacre, Lépine wrote three letters: two were sent to friends, and one was found in an inside pocket of his jacket. The police revealed some details from the suicide letter in the days after the attack, but did not disclose the full text.

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students in the front row, killing Maud Haviernick and Michèle Richard, who were trying to escape the room. Other students dove under their desks. The killer wounded another three female students and killed Annie Turcotte. He changed the

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After separating the students, Lépine ordered the estimated fifty men to leave the room. He asked the women whether they knew why they were there; a student asked who he was. He said that he was fighting feminism. One of the students,

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student giving a presentation, he asked everyone to stop everything and ordered the women and men to opposite sides of the classroom. No one moved at first, believing it to be a joke, but he fired a shot into the ceiling.

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Others framed the killer's actions as the result of societal changes that had led to increased poverty, powerlessness, individual isolation, and polarization between men and women. Noting the gunman's interest in violent

740:, pleaded against interpreting the massacre as an antifeminist attack or solely violence against women. She suggested that people were "diminishing" the tragedy by "suggesting that it was an act against just one group?" 5234: 955:

government introduced Bill C-71, which restored the requirement for sales of firearms to be registered, but PolySeSouvient denounced the proposed regulations as ineffective and incomplete. In 2020, in the wake of the

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At age 14, Gamil changed his name to "Marc Lépine", citing his hatred of his father and taking his mother's surname to further separate from the man. He had difficulty as he advanced in school and toward adulthood.

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were generally praised. In these incidents, the police conducted rapid and immediate intervention, and improved coordination amongst emergency response agencies were credited with minimizing the loss of life.

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The feminist movement has been periodically criticized for appropriating the massacre as a symbol of male violence against women. In 1990, for example, journalist Roch Côté responded to the publication of

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McDonnell, Rod; Thompson, Elizabeth; McIntosh, Andrew; Marsden, William (December 12, 1989). "Killer's father beat him as a child; A brutal man who didn't seem to have any control of his emotions".

2120: 1070:) by Rose-Marie Goulet. Originally described as a memorial for a "tragic event", in 2019, the plaque was changed to reflect indicate that the attack was antifeminist and that 14 women were killed. 392:

He shot at other students in the corridor, wounding one, and approached the financial services office. There he shot and killed Maryse Laganière through the window of the door she had just locked.

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The massacre profoundly shocked Canadians. Government and criminal justice officials feared that extensive public discussion about the massacre would cause pain to the families and lead to more

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in the wake of the massacre, for the purpose of raising awareness about the prevalence of male violence against women, with the ribbon symbolizing "the idea of men giving up their arms".

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primary motivation, and that he chose a specific suicide method, namely killing oneself after killing others (multiple homicide/suicide strategy), which is considered a sign of a serious

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Scholars believe that the gunman's actions sprang from widespread societal misogyny, including tolerance of violence against women. Criminologists regard the massacre as an example of a

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source in her investigation. The media, academics, women's organizations, and family members of the victims protested the lack of a public inquiry and paucity of information released.

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director of public relations Pierre Leclair briefed reporters outside the Polytechnique building; when he entered, he found the body of his own daughter Maryse among the dead.

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The injured and witnesses among university staff and students suffered a variety of physical, social, existential, financial, and psychological consequences, including

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case to compel the police to release the suicide letter but were unsucessful. A year after the attacks, the three-page statement was leaked to journalist and feminist

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In 2014, the Order of the White Rose was established, a $ 30,000 national scholarship for female engineering graduate students. The selection committee is chaired by

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The École Polytechnique installed a circular memorial on an exterior wall, naming all the victims who were killed and the date of the massacre. (See photo to right)

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that Lépine may have felt alienated from Quebec society as he was the child of an immigrant; this provoked controversy as Canada has received numerous immigrants.

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Lortie, Marie-Claude (December 1, 1990). "Poly un an après : Psychose? Blessures au cerveau? Les spécialistes n'ont pas encore résolu l'énigme Marc Lépine".

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Anne-Marie Edward and Geneviève Bergeron, who were hiding. He told a male and female student to come out from under a table; they complied and he let them live.

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McIntosh, Andrew (August 22, 1990). "Marc Lépine's suicide note to stay sealed; Commission says it can't order police to reveal mass murderer's letter".

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Lépine killed 14 women (12 engineering students, one nursing student, and one employee of the university) and injured 14 others, 10 women and four men.

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Since the commemorative ceremony on the 25th anniversary of the massacre in 2014, fourteen searchlights have been installed annually on the summit of

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she later claimed what she said was this "beautiful title" for herself. She also said that she believed the massacre was clearly an antifeminist act.

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during the winter of 1980–1981. According to his 1989 suicide letter found on his body at the attacks, he was rejected because he was "anti-social".

357:. He had legally purchased the gun less than a month earlier on November 21 in a Checkmate Sports store in Montreal, saying that he was going to hunt 5482: 5103: 1257: 578:

is a public monument in the national capital that honours the lives of local women and girls murdered by men between 1990 and 2000. It is located in

1124:, was released in 2009 and caused discussion over the desirability of reliving the tragedy in a mainstream film. In a play about the shootings by 361:. Investigators learned that he had been in and around the École Polytechnique building at least seven times in the weeks leading up to December 6. 5322: 1841: 4383: 1160:, which examined a marriage breakdown in the aftermath of the Polytechnique killings. Several songs have been written about the events, including 6609: 6503: 6058: 5133: 3078: 4591: 4147: 4999: 4107: 3928: 3563: 2877: 6734: 5851: 5606: 4750: 760:

led him to feel victimized as he faced losses and rejections in his later life. His mother wondered whether her son might have suffered from

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Kastor, Elizabeth (December 11, 1989). "In Montreal, A Survivor Heals After The Horror; 23-Year-Old Student Tried To Reason With Killer".

451: 6799: 6619: 6230: 5368: 3708: 3635: 3540: 3428: 3358: 3317: 3188: 1766: 615:, commissioned a memorial to the victims that was created by Beth Alber and installed in a city park. (See photo about names of victims). 5457: 4351: 4312: 4084: 3905: 3276: 3233: 3042: 2843: 2804: 2637: 2345: 1981: 1808: 1702: 1654: 1541: 1460: 1299: 6819: 6764: 6698: 6508: 5938: 3731: 1074:

involved in the project received death threats and the Vancouver Park Board banned future memorials that might antagonize other groups.

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the head. It was 20 minutes since he had begun the attack. About 60 unfired cartridges remained in the boxes he carried with him.

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Blais, Mélissa (2008). "Marc Lépine: heros ou martyr? Le masculinisme et la tuerie de l'École polytechnique". In Blais, Mélissa;

1223: 574: 2384: 964:", including the model used for the killings in Montreal. PolySeSouvient welcomed the news, but critiqued the possibility of a 6809: 5541: 3994: 2623: 6651: 6646: 5973: 5362: 4823: 4717: 4564: 4465: 4345: 4078: 4026: 3899: 3843: 3702: 3629: 3534: 3422: 3395: 3352: 3311: 3270: 3182: 2992: 2837: 2798: 2771: 2672: 2339: 2239: 1975: 1802: 1760: 1696: 1648: 1535: 1454: 1293: 315:

and representative of wider societal violence against women. The anniversary of the massacre is commemorated annually as the

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borough of Montreal was created as a memorial to the victims of the massacre. Located at the corner of Decelles Avenue and

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was named in honour of Anne-Marie Edward, a victim of the massacre who attended the CEGEP before going on to university.

5227:"25 years after the tragedy, Polytechnique Montréal launches the Order of the White Rose and the Week of the White Rose" 6829: 6814: 2418:

Fitterman, Lisa (March 10, 1999). "Cops on Lépine's list: Names of six female officers found on Polytechnique killer".

772:, some suggested that violence in the media and in society may have influenced his actions. Following the shootings at 457:

The Quebec and Montreal governments declared three days of mourning. A joint funeral for nine of the women was held at

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In the years since, however, the attack has been widely acknowledged by the public, governments, and the media as a

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Malarek, Victor (December 12, 1989). "More Massacre Details to be Released by Police, but an Inquiry Ruled Out".

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Malarek, Victor (December 12, 1989). "More Massacre Details to be Released by Police, but an Inquiry Ruled Out".

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Their activities, along with others, led to the passage of Bill C-17 in 1992, and C-68, commonly known as the

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Weston, Greg; Aubry, Jack (February 8, 1990). "The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part II".

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corporal who had killed three government employees and wounded thirteen others in an armed attack on the

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Weston, Greg; Aubry, Jack (February 7, 1990). "The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part I".

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Poirier, Patricia (March 1, 1990). "Police can't find cause for Lépine's rampage on Montreal campus".

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of family violence and violence against women. On December 6, 1995, the Quebec government adopted the

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recalled. "We would turn our mourning into organizing to put an end to male violence against women."

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the students had locked the door. He failed to open it although he fired three shots into the door.

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Maryse Laganière (born 1964) (aged 25), budget clerk in the École Polytechnique's finance department

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arrived at the building housing the École Polytechnique, an engineering school affiliated with the

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was inspired by and contains echoes of the tragedy. In 2009 Quebec playwright Gilbert Turp wrote

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of December 6, 1989, and is a site of annual memorials of this event. It is a protests against a

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Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack (January 2003). "Mass Murder: An Analysis of Extreme Violence".

2329: 1965: 1792: 1686: 1638: 1525: 1444: 1283: 1213: 1134:, the audience are separated by gender: it was named as one of the best plays of 2004 by the 1041: 961: 928: 924: 856:

The massacre galvanized the Canadian women's movement, who immediately saw it as a symbol of

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Boyd, Denny (April 20, 1992). "Couple salvages purpose from their daughter's tragic death".

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spoke about "victims" and "youth" rather than "women" or "girls". The television journalist

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Following subsequent changes to emergency response protocols, police handling of the 1992

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that dominated women. A different theory was that the shooter's childhood experiences of

409: 860:. "The death of those young women would not be in vain, we promised", Canadian feminist 6078: 6063: 6038: 5904: 5740: 5675: 4966: 4669: 4520:"The Mass Shooting That Reshaped the Canadian Debate About Guns and Political Identity" 3999: 3073: 3010: 2554: 2520: 2310: 2293: 2264: 2105: 2014: 1886: 1869: 1173: 965: 919: 778: 3732:"Polytechnique anniversary comes as Quebec mourns spate of domestic violence killings" 3105:"Polytechnique: Consensus comes 30 years later that massacre was an anti-feminist act" 703:

on May 8, 1984. The text of the original letter in French is available, as well as an

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Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong (1999). "Unbearable Witness: towards a Politics of Listening".

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Mennie, James; Bauch, Hubert (December 12, 1989). "A quiet goodbye for slain women".

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Came, Barry; Burke, D.; Ferzoco, G.; O'Farreli, B.; Wallace, B. (December 18, 1989).

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On the 25th anniversary, fourteen light beams representing the 14 victims shine from

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Place du 6-Décembre-1989 (December 6, 1989 Place), Montreal, featuring the artwork

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Senior, Paulette; Provost, Nathalie; Rathjen, Heidi; Martin, Lise; Cukier, Wendy.

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Valpy, Michael (December 11, 1989). "Litany of social ills created Marc Lepine".

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Buchignani, Walter (December 8, 1989). "Amid the tragedy, miracles of survival".

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The event has also been commemorated in the arts. The critically acclaimed movie

1045: 764:, due to the abuse and sense of abandonment he had experienced in his childhood. 725: 594:. It was built in 1992 by the Women's Urgent Action Committee in reaction to the 591: 470: 255: 155: 30:"Polytechnique massacre" redirects here. For the film describing this event, see 6583: 462: 6123: 4691: 4689:

Hanes, Alison (December 2, 2005). "Man threatens to repeat Montreal massacre".

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Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systematic discrimination against men

4263:"Optional buyback program could see assault-style gun ban unravel, group warns" 3028:

Legalizing misandry: from public shame to systematic discrimination against men

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Legalizing Misandry: From Public Shame to Systematic Discrimination Against Men

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Colpron, Suzanne (December 9, 1989). "Marc Lépine était un premier de classe".

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Vienneau, David (January 19, 1991). "Probe on violence toward women blocked".

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The third floor classroom in the École Polytechnique in which the attack ended

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Pelchat, Martin (November 24, 1990). "Lépine avait des motifs 'politiques'".

1197: 1149: 650: 354: 350: 291:. Fourteen women were murdered; another ten women and four men were injured. 272: 191: 183: 147: 57: 44: 6535:

Fédération des associations étudiantes du campus de l'Université de Montréal

6093: 6088: 5998: 5629: 5526: 5520: 5134:"Polytechnique: Events planned across Canada to mark grim 30th anniversary" 4108:"Quebec court backs long-gun registry, sets stage for federal legal battle" 4027:"Long-gun registry end to be celebrated by Tories as fury mounts in Quebec" 3966: 3933: 3802: 3597: 2984: 2571: 2231: 1917: 990: 868:

on Violence Against Women in August 1991. The panel issued a final report,

737: 716: 692: 269: 233: 4934:"How the way we remember the Montreal Massacre has changed 30 years later" 4201:"Justin Trudeau announces federal ban on assault-style firearms in Canada" 3136:"How the way we remember the Montreal Massacre has changed 30 years later" 2693:"National day of remembrance pays tribute to victims of Montreal massacre" 474: 6446: 4586: 1428: 1089: 1082: 1059:, a short distance from the university, it includes the art installation 861: 769: 757: 753: 729: 302:

and a hunting knife. He started at a mechanical engineering class at the

151: 2308:

Malarek, Victor (December 8, 1989). "Killer's letter blames feminists".

513:

Barbara Daigneault (born 1967) (aged 22), mechanical engineering student

395: 6168: 5508: 3167:"After the Montreal massacre: gender and the pervasiveness of violence" 1325:"Polytechnique gun control group warns Tories will gut firearms limits" 1181: 1130: 1125: 1040:, intended as a call to action against discrimination against women. A 1008: 800: 599: 579: 557: 537:

Annie St-Arneault (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

171: 5916: 5413:

The Tragically Hip - Montréal (Live From Molson Center, Montréal/2000)

3451: 528:

Anne-Marie Lemay (born 1967) (aged 22), mechanical engineering student

510:

Nathalie Croteau (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

6013: 4656:(in Canadian French). Archived from the original on December 27, 2009 4384:"Lingering taboo stifles artistic response to Polytechnique massacre" 3621: 3174: 1217: 749: 531:

Sonia Pelletier (born 1961) (aged 28), mechanical engineering student

516:

Anne-Marie Edward (born 1968) (aged 21), chemical engineering student

167: 5515: 5503: 4559:(in Canadian French). Les Éditions du remue-ménage. pp. 86–92. 2902:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2721:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2490:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

2135:

The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis

1036:

Since 1991, the anniversary of the massacre has been designated the

836:

Montreal designated December 6, 1989 Place. It features the artwork

804:

often in a public place, and intends to die in "a blaze of glory".

633:(born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi) was the son of Monique Lépine, a 552: 534:

Michèle Richard (born 1968) (aged 21), materials engineering student

519:

Maud Haviernick (born 1960) (aged 29), materials engineering student

6158: 5400: 4971: 4938: 4905: 4873: 3736: 3568: 2461: 2392: 2070: 1836: 1487: 1359: 793: 783: 540:

Annie Turcotte (born 1969) (aged 20), materials engineering student

525:

Maryse Leclair (born 1966) (aged 23), materials engineering student

507:

Hélène Colgan (born 1966) (aged 23), mechanical engineering student

504:

Geneviève Bergeron (born 1968) (aged 21), civil engineering student

485: 284: 159: 101: 4294: 3024: 543:

Barbara Klucznik-Widajewicz (born 1958) (aged 31), nursing student

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724:

the antifeminism angle of the attack. Political leaders such as

317:

National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women

6550: 4232:"Trudeau announces ban on 1,500 types of 'military-style' guns" 4169:

Walsh, Marieke; Curry, Bill; Stone, Laura (September 3, 2021).

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that similarly changed opinion on gun control in that country

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on December 11, 1989, and was attended by Governor General

322:

The Canada legislature responded by passing more stringent

5390:"Tragically Hip to release album with 6 unreleased tracks" 3929:"Long-gun registry politics taint service for the victims" 3618:

Female well-being: toward a global theory of social change

3171:

Female well-being: toward a global theory of social change

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in which misogyny was cited as one of the killer's motives

3031:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 62. 851: 329:

This was the deadliest mass shooting in Canada until the

3765:""Encore du travail à faire" 32 ans après Polytechnique" 3612:

Hooks, Tess; LeClerc, Patrice; Beaujot, Roderic (2005).

1832:"A sea change in police tactics when it comes to gunmen" 4648:"Des disciples de Marc Lépine font fuir un réalisateur" 333:

more than 30 years later, which resulted in 22 deaths.

5439:

Bodied Mindfulness: Women's Spirits, Bodies and Places

5313:"Montreal massacre film brings up 'too many memories'" 3795: 5492: 2932:

Extreme killing: Understanding serial and mass murder

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December 6: From the Montreal Massacre to Gun Control

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clause for the weapons as a danger to public safety.

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Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal

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Nef pour quatorze reines (Nave for fourteen queens)

492:, memorial consisting of 14 coffin-like benches in 4482: 4449: 2755: 2660: 2263: 2067:"Mother of Marc Lepine finally breaks her silence" 872:, in June 1993. The panel proposed a two-pronged " 3962:"A mother's battle to save the long-gun registry" 1250:"École Polytechnique Tragedy (Montreal Massacre)" 311:The massacre is now widely regarded as an act of 6716: 5249: 3452:"Vingt-cinq ans plus tard avec Nathalie Provost" 3258:Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies 3214:. In Curry, Renée R.; Allison, Terry L. (eds.). 2261: 1873:. 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Archived from 3661:. Government of Canada. 3388:Harvard University Press 3339:Byard, Roger W. (2005). 3210:Brickman, Julie (1996). 3077:. Canada. Archived from 2987:. pp. 138, 161–62. 1194:2014 Isla Vista killings 1061:Nef pour quatorze reines 838:Nef pour quatorze reines 826:Nave for Fourteen Queens 822:Nef pour quatorze reines 331:2020 Nova Scotia attacks 6652:Institut Philippe-Pinel 6577:Affiliated institutions 6189:Dawson College shooting 6004:Great Peace of Montreal 5876:W. R. Myers High School 5351:Boileau, Josée (2020). 4812:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4706:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4481:Meyers, Helene (2001). 4334:Boileau, Josée (2000). 4067:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3888:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3832:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3691:Boileau, Josée (2000). 3523:Boileau, Josée (2020). 3411:Boileau, Josée (2020). 2826:Boileau, Josée (2000). 2787:Boileau, Josée (2000). 2600:10.1023/A:1021051002020 2328:Boileau, Josée (2020). 2181:. Montreal. p. A1. 1964:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1953:. Montreal. p. A1. 1791:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1749:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1733:. Montreal. p. A3. 1685:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1637:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1570:Cernea, Adrian (1999). 1524:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1443:Boileau, Josée (2020). 1282:Boileau, Josée (2000). 1204:2018 Toronto van attack 890:"Policy on Intervention 435:Dawson College shooting 6835:Université de Montréal 6740:1989 murders in Canada 6641:Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal 6589:Polytechnique Montréal 6479:Université de Montréal 5989:Saint-Sulpice Seminary 5974:Notre-Dame de Montréal 5858:St. Pius X High School 5741:La Loche, Saskatchewan 5723:Moncton, New Brunswick 2558:. Canada. p. A17. 2524:. Canada. p. A14. 1085: 1033: 909:Gun politics in Canada 858:violence against women 829: 828:) by Rose-Marie Goulet 711:Search for a rationale 604:violence against women 564: 497: 437:in 2006, and the 2014 400: 369: 347:Université de Montréal 114:; 34 years ago 6194:2012 student movement 5899:University of Alberta 5395:June 9, 2021, at the 5042:. on the w@terfront. 3014:. Canada. p. A8. 1331:. September 9, 2021. 1214:Port Arthur, Tasmania 1212:, a 1996 shooting in 1080: 1042:White Ribbon Campaign 1027: 983:Manifeste d’un salaud 962:assault-style weapons 907:Further information: 882:Zero Tolerance Policy 819: 697:Canadian Armed Forces 675:access to information 555: 488: 473:, and Montreal mayor 398: 367: 264:), also known as the 112:December 6, 1989 58:45.50472°N 73.61278°W 6598:Affiliated hospitals 6154:1976 Summer Olympics 6149:Gargantua bar attack 5994:Battle of Long Sault 5979:Governor of Montreal 5870:Concordia University 5682:Mayerthorpe, Alberta 5483:CBC Digital Archives 5170:. December 6, 2019. 5140:. December 6, 2019. 5110:. December 6, 2021. 4967:"Magnets for Memory" 4909:. December 5, 1999. 4553:Dupuis-Déri, Francis 3624:. pp. 102–103. 3504:on February 12, 2009 3069:"Get under the desk" 2938:. pp. 227–230. 2464:. December 6, 2006. 2399:on November 26, 2012 1210:Port Arthur massacre 1164:by the folk duo the 893:in Conjugal Violence 878:Equality Action Plan 876:" consisting of an " 874:National Action Plan 746:personality disorder 496:by artist Beth Alber 313:misogynist terrorism 300:semi-automatic rifle 187:semi-automatic rifle 6790:Massacres in Canada 6678:Montreal Laboratory 6504:Faculty of Medicine 6226:Pre-European period 6139:Blue Bird Café fire 6099:St. Lawrence Seaway 6034:American occupation 5948:History of Montreal 5747:Quebec City, Quebec 5705:Claresholm, Alberta 5630:Quebec City, Quebec 5325:on October 23, 2010 4854:The Washington Post 4429:on December 6, 2012 3770:Journal de Montréal 3500:(3). Archived from 3177:. pp. 104–05. 2699:on December 9, 2007 2234:. pp. 170–71. 1574:. Éditions Lescop. 1097:John Abbott College 1068:for Fourteen Queens 776:in September 2006, 762:attachment disorder 705:English translation 673:The media filed an 459:Notre-Dame Basilica 305:École Polytechnique 249:École Polytechnique 89:École Polytechnique 63:45.50472; -73.61278 54: / 6795:Massacres of women 6630:Hôpital Notre-Dame 6561:Women's ice hockey 6169:Sex Garage protest 6079:Golden Square Mile 6064:Great Fire of 1852 6039:North West Company 5778:(Apr. 18–19, 2020) 5678:(Sep. 18–20, 2001) 5573:Ear Falls, Ontario 5426:, 6 December 2021. 5300:on April 18, 2009. 4175:The Globe and Mail 4000:The Globe and Mail 3390:. pp. 15–17. 3265:. pp. 48–49. 3074:The Globe and Mail 3011:The Globe and Mail 2909:. pp. 54–55. 2728:. pp. 65–88. 2626:. pp. 59–61. 2555:The Globe and Mail 2521:The Globe and Mail 2311:The Globe and Mail 2294:The Globe and Mail 2106:The Globe and Mail 2015:The Globe and Mail 1870:The Canadian Press 1363:. April 21, 2020. 1174:The Tragically Hip 1158:Pur chaos du désir 1110:Depiction in media 1086: 1034: 830: 801:hate or bias crime 679:Francine Pelletier 565: 498: 401: 370: 6850:Women in Montreal 6780:Massacres in 1989 6745:Crime in Montreal 6712: 6711: 6635:Hôpital Saint-Luc 6615:Hôpital de Verdun 6556:Montreal Carabins 6444: 6443: 5914: 5913: 5803: 5802: 5735:Edmonton, Alberta 5711:Edmonton, Alberta 5607:Brampton, Ontario 5364:978-1-77260-143-5 4825:978-1-77260-143-5 4757:on April 19, 2007 4719:978-1-77260-143-5 4566:978-0-670-06969-9 4467:978-1-55028-798-1 4347:978-1-77260-143-5 4080:978-1-77260-143-5 4035:. April 5, 2012. 3901:978-1-77260-143-5 3845:978-1-77260-143-5 3704:978-1-77260-143-5 3631:978-1-84277-009-2 3576:on March 21, 2007 3536:978-1-77260-143-5 3424:978-1-77260-143-5 3397:978-0-674-00972-1 3354:978-1-58829-416-6 3313:978-0-415-94408-3 3272:978-0-7619-2814-0 3184:978-1-84277-009-2 3081:on April 10, 2017 2994:978-0-670-06969-9 2839:978-1-77260-143-5 2800:978-1-77260-143-5 2773:978-1-55028-798-1 2674:978-1-55028-798-1 2341:978-1-77260-143-5 2241:978-0-670-06969-9 2077:on March 18, 2007 1977:978-1-77260-143-5 1804:978-1-77260-143-5 1762:978-1-77260-143-5 1698:978-1-77260-143-5 1650:978-1-77260-143-5 1537:978-1-77260-143-5 1456:978-1-77260-143-5 1295:978-1-77260-143-5 897:domestic violence 469:, Quebec premier 465:, Prime Minister 266:Montreal massacre 243: 242: 18:Montreal Massacre 16:(Redirected from 6857: 6805:Murder in Quebec 6730:1989 in Montreal 6480: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6448: 6447: 6211: 6119:Murray-Hill riot 6084:Oldest buildings 6044:Bank of Montreal 5969:Fort Ville-Marie 5941: 5934: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5837:School shootings 5830: 5823: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5794:Vaughan, Ontario 5753:Toronto, Ontario 5725:(Jun. 4–6, 2014) 5717:Toronto, Ontario 5688:Montreal, Quebec 5676:Montreal, Quebec 5653:Montreal, Quebec 5636:Montreal, Quebec 5551: 5544: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5519: 5518: 5507: 5506: 5498: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5433: 5427: 5410: 5404: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5348: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5296:. 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A1. 2197: 2196: 2188: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2164:(1): 112–149. 2163: 2159: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2136: 2122: 2118: 2116:9780889204225 2112: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2095: 2093: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1943: 1941: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894: 1888: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1859: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1826: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1787: 1785: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1732: 1731: 1723: 1721: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1633: 1617: 1614:(in French). 1613: 1609: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1583: 1581:2-9804832-8-1 1577: 1573: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1406: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1276: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198:United States 1195: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152:'s 2007 play 1151: 1150:Wajdi Mouawad 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1117:Polytechnique 1107: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1031: 1026: 1020:Commemoration 1017: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1001: 995: 992: 988: 984: 980: 969: 967: 963: 959: 954: 950: 945: 941: 937: 933: 930: 926: 922: 921: 915: 910: 900: 898: 894: 891: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 865: 863: 859: 849: 847: 839: 835: 834: 833: 832:- Memorials 827: 823: 818: 809: 805: 802: 797: 795: 790: 788: 785: 781: 780: 775: 771: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 721: 718: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 688: 686: 685: 680: 676: 671: 662: 660: 654: 652: 651:Canadian Army 647: 643: 640: 636: 632: 627: 614: 610: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576: 572: 571: 567: 566: 563: 559: 554: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 502: 501: 495: 491: 487: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 443: 440: 436: 432: 427: 423: 414: 411: 405: 397: 393: 390: 386: 384: 378: 375: 366: 362: 360: 356: 355:hunting knife 352: 351:Ruger Mini-14 348: 344: 334: 332: 327: 325: 320: 318: 314: 309: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 280: 274: 273:mass shooting 271: 267: 263: 262: 257: 253: 239: 235: 232: 228: 225: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 193: 192:Hunting knife 190: 188: 185: 184:Ruger Mini-14 182: 181: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 148:Mass shooting 146: 140: 135: 129: 125: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 83: 78: 73: 70: 67: 36: 34: 33:Polytechnique 19: 6672: 6584:HEC Montréal 6523:Student life 6231:16th century 6163: 6094:Richard Riot 6089:Ouimetoscope 5999:Old Montreal 5886:21st century 5863: 5845:20th century 5635: 5462:. 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Canada. 2352:January 9, 2133:Quoted in 2127:January 2, 2109:. Canada. 2081:January 1, 1773:January 4, 1622:January 8, 1236:References 1182:Judy Small 1131:The Anorak 1126:Adam Kelly 1009:Mark Steyn 782:columnist 580:Minto Park 558:Minto Park 359:small game 172:hate crime 119:1989-12-06 86:Plaque at 49:73°36′46″W 46:45°30′17″N 6544:Athletics 6487:Academics 6014:Grey Nuns 5964:Hochelaga 5839:in Canada 5560:in Canada 5211:April 28, 5085:August 3, 4794:April 25, 4761:April 20, 4670:cite news 4631:April 28, 4536:April 28, 3622:Zed Books 3175:Zed Books 2981:Aftermath 2965:La Presse 2438:La Presse 2228:Aftermath 2212:La Presse 2026:April 28, 1918:Maclean's 1887:cite news 1612:La Presse 1218:Australia 880:" and a " 787:suggested 750:psychotic 684:La Presse 548:Memorials 475:Jean Doré 446:Aftermath 374:registrar 268:, was an 168:terrorism 130:Women at 6643:(closed) 6637:(closed) 6218:Timeline 6159:Overdale 5458:Archived 5416:Archived 5401:CBC News 5393:Archived 5369:Archived 5265:Archived 5263:. 2001. 5235:Archived 5205:Archived 5172:Archived 5168:CBC 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