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at longer ranges may damage the self-loading mechanism. Some self-loading rifles require externally lubricated cartridges vulnerable to dirt adhesion. Any reliability problems causing failure of the self-loading mechanism to function as designed may eliminate the advantage of increased hits per unit of time, and may actually reduce the comparative rate of fire below what is possible with manually-loaded rifles if the self-loading rifle is not designed for convenient manual-loading. The
224:
565:
1165:. There are various types of sport shooting, ranging from rapid fire shooting, target shooting, which is predominantly accuracy based, and distance shooting. Shooting clubs in America became increasingly commonplace in the 1830s, and have since grown in popularity. Semi-automatic rifles are commonly used in sport shooting events because of their accuracy, versatility, and their light weight- which has invited more people, specifically women and children, to compete as well.
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upon the magazine capacity and the availability of detachable magazines, but semi-automatic rifles can typically more than double the number of hits from comparable manually-loaded rifles at close range and increase the number of hits by about 50 percent at longer distances which require more precise aiming. Firing for prolonged periods may increase this advantage as the manual-loading process can cause
232:
182:
632:
872:
The primary advantage of self-loading rifles is the possibility of increasing the number of effective shots fired within any given time period by avoiding the necessity for changing the aiming position of the rifle to manually chamber new cartridges. The actual number of hits per unit of time depends
1177:
to take advantage of their compact design and modularity, effectively making it easier to traverse rugged terrain while tracking a target. And providing a large variety of customization ranging from scopes and muzzle devices, to different calibers. Semi-automatic fire greatly assists in maintaining
916:
The time required for changing or reloading magazines can weaken the effectiveness of a rifle, as it imposes an effective duration limit on the continuous rate of fire of any rifle. High-capacity magazines increase the weight of the rifle, and typically reduce feeding reliability due to the varying
889:
The self-loading mechanism tuned for cartridges of specified dimensions and power may fail to reload dirty or bent cartridges that will otherwise fire satisfactorily. The self-loading mechanism may fail to extract empty low-power cartridge cases useful for training, and high-power cartridges useful
486:
In 1883, two Danes, Madsen and
Rasmussen started work on recoil operated self loading designs and in 1887 a working rifle had been developed and was later named as the M1888 Forsøgsrekylgevær and was tested by the Danish military however was rejected for military use. After failing trials a new
1178:
one's sight picture, which is especially important when follow-up shots are required. Due to their demand, the manufacturers of semi-automatic firearms have greatly increased the effective firing distance of their products, compared to the first semi-automatics sold on the civilian market.
289:, who unveiled his design in 1885 based on work begun in 1883. Other non-gas operated semi-automatic models were the Model 85 and Mannlicher Models 91, 93 and 95 rifles. The designs were deeply flawed and never made past the conceptual/prototype stage due to issues inherent to the
724:
cartridge, and the SKS, along with its
Chinese copy, the Type 56, is one of the most popular semi-automatic rifles. By the end of World War II, however, semi-automatic rifles had been largely superseded in military usage by their fully automatic counterparts - weapons such as the
779:. Ultimately, automatic rifles would become standard in military usage, as their firepower was superior to that of a semi-automatic rifle, but both semi-automatics and even bolt actions are still used worldwide in military service in specific roles, such as
541:
models, and gained popularity among civilians as well as some law enforcement officials who appreciated the combination of a semi-automatic action and relatively powerful rifle cartridges. In 1936 the Model 81 superseded the Model 8, and was offered in
487:
design was developed labeled as the M1896 Flaadens
Rekylgevær. It was tested by the Danish military and found to be reliable enough and 60 were procured for the Danish navy making it one of the first military adopted semi auto rifles.
700:
in relatively small numbers. In practice, they did not replace the bolt-action rifle as a standard infantry weapon of their respective nations - Germany produced 402,000 Gewehr 43 rifles, and over 14,000,000 of the Kar98k.
666:. After years of research and testing, the first production model of the M1 Garand was unveiled in 1937 and the first production model was cleared on July 21 of the same year. During
1558:
Small Arms of the World: The Basic Manual of
Military Small Arms, American, Soviet, British, Czech, German, French, Belgian, Italian, Swiss, Japanese, and All Other Important Nations
285:. In 1884 another recoil-operated semi-automatic rifle was patented by Horace Updegraff. Another one of the first designs of a recoil-operated semi-automatic rifle is attributed to
1190:. Most semi-automatic rifles are rather lightweight and simple to operate, without compromising accuracy. Semi-automatic rifles are able to quickly dispatch multiple targets in a
932:
cartridge in recognition of the difficulties of producing reliable self-loading mechanisms for more powerful cartridges. Although the M1 Garand was ultimately adapted to fire the
638:
Semi-Automatic Rifle with original spike bayonet and leather sheath. The 10-round rotary magazine could be quickly reloaded using two clips of .30 Caliber M2 Ball ammunition.
596:, where it did not receive a favorable reception among troops. However, its shortened and improved version, the Model 1918, gave complete satisfaction during the Moroccan
791:, whose lighter bullets allowed more to be carried at once, but where semi-automatic rifles continue to be used, they are usually in higher calibers, such as the
1161:, and as weapons that demanded user accuracy developed, so did their usage in competitions. Today, semi-automatic rifles are one of the more popular firearms in
82:
Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
877:. The additional weight of springs and fittings using a portion of the cartridge energy to reload self-loading rifles have the additional advantage of reducing
920:
The complexity of a self-loading mechanism makes self-loading rifles more expensive to manufacture and heavier than manually-loaded rifles. The semi-automatic
305:
became widespread. Mannlicher's designs were, nonetheless, the forerunner of automatic rifles and served as a base for a number of future weapons, such as
940:, most subsequent self-loading rifles for infantry use have been chambered for less powerful cartridges to reduce weight making rifles easier to carry.
1904:
646:
rifle was historically significant as it became the first gas-operated semi-automatic rifle to be adopted by a country as their standard issued
498:
and
Richard Paulson as well a gas operated conversion system from an American inventor called Henry Pitcher. Designs also developed such as the
755:
Gradually, military doctrine placed less emphasis on individual marksmanship, as a large volume of fire was deemed more important - during
75:
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spring tension from a full to a nearly empty magazine. Detachable magazines in general are usually less durable than internal magazines.
1923:
670:, the M1 Garand gave American infantrymen an advantage over their opponents, most of whom were issued slower firing bolt-action rifles.
1474:
852:
The self-loading design was a successor to earlier rifles that required manual cycling of the weapon after each shot, such as the
135:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
1942:
227:
Drawing of the
Mannlicher 1885 semi-automatic rifle by Ferdinand Mannlicher, one of the earliest semi-automatic rifle designs.
372:
38:
1961:
321:). Furthermore, from the early 1890s up until his death in 1904, Mannlicher produced smokeless powder versions of its guns.
261:
and uses part of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the case and load another cartridge into the chamber. In contrast, a
1677:
Wallin, B. (2018, November 13). The
Legendary M1 Garand Rifle: “Best Battle Implement Ever Devised.” Varnum Continentals.
1441:
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regarded the reliable rate of fire from manually-loaded rifles to be nearly as high as self-loading rifles as recently as
1173:
Semi-automatic rifles have grown in status among hunters. Many hunters are adopting semi-automatic rifles, particularly
588:. This is a locked breech, gas-operated action which is similar in its mechanical principles to the subsequent American
1761:
1514:
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where the greater accuracy compared to automatics is valued. Furthermore, to accommodate for this greater firepower,
451:
408:
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168:
150:
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52:
1613:
771:, which was well liked by troops, as the 30-round, selective fire rifle gave them much more flexibility than their
513:". Remington advertised this rifle, renamed the "Model 8" in 1911, as a sporting rifle. It was sold in Europe by
2004:
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2009:
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474:, as an upgrade to the Model 1905, utilizing a blowback system of operation, offering more power than its
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1194:. Most semi-automatic rifles also have sights which can be adjusted for range, providing versatility.
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44:
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439:, the Model 1903 achieved commercial success and continued to be manufactured until 1932, when the
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Target shooting has a long history, pre-dating the firearm, as the first example of it would be
608:, also a bolt action, despite the various semi-automatic rifles designed between 1918 and 1935.
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Other nations experimented with self-loading rifles during the interwar period, including the
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Shortly after the
MondragĂłn rifle was produced, France had its own semi-automatic rifle, the
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420:
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rifle requires the user to cycle the bolt manually before they can fire a second time, and a
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Another gas-operated semi-automatic rifle developed toward the end of World War II was the
490:
In the final years of the 19th century and early 20th century experiments and patents with
286:
254:
1791:"What makes a gun semi-automatic? Key gun terms explained as House passes new legislation"
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8:
1989:
1369:
1080:
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842:
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759:, American ground forces fired approximately 25,000 rounds for each enemy killed. In the
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became imminent, shifting its emphasis to speeding up re-armament with existing weapons.
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412:
306:
235:
1393:
1216:- certain semi-automatic rifles are classified as assault weapons in some jurisdictions
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during self-loading. Slamfire discharges are unlikely to hit the target, and may cause
767:
it was 200,000. The first fully automatic rifle to see widespread usage was the German
659:
558:
459:
416:
258:
250:
115:
1905:"Semi-auto "Assault" Rifle Defense in Waukegan, Illinois: two killed in Home Invasion"
950:
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weighs about 410 grams (0.9 lb) more (seven percent heavier) than the manually-loaded
554:
1757:
1665:
Repeating and Multi-Fire
Weapons: A History from the Zhuge Crossbow Through the AK-47
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counterpart. Both the Model 1905 and Model 1907 saw limited military and police use.
1417:
965:
831:
819:
671:
561:, making Mexico the first nation to use a semi-automatic rifle in battle, in 1911.
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it replaced. American development of a self-loading infantry rifle began with the
1504:
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1110:
1015:
860:. The ability to automatically load the next round results in an increase in the
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815:
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266:
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semi-automatic rifle issued in limited number to the French Armed Forces during
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By the early 20th century, several manufacturers had introduced semi-automatic
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834:. This enables another round to be fired once the trigger is depressed again.
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466:, all using the direct blowback system of operation. Winchester introduced a
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https://varnumcontinentals.org/2016/10/feature-article-legendary-m1-garand/
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limited the viability of widespread deployment of semi-automatic rifles.
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remained the standard French infantry rifle until replaced in 1936 by the
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described the M1 Garand as "the greatest battle implement ever devised."
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energy to eject the spent cartridge after the round has moved down the
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379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1590:"An Official Journal Of The NRA | Snapshot: Winchester's Rimfire Rout"
619:
with a self-loading rifle, but this plan had to be discarded when the
1924:"AR15 style Rifle in 6.8 SPC used in Self Defense Against Black Bear"
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557:, designated the M1908. The rifle was used by Mexican forces in the
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324:
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1506:
Mannlicher Rifles and
Pistols: Famous Sporting and Military Weapons
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902:
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German Automatic Rifles 1941-45: Gew 41, Gew 43, FG 42 and StG 44
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Information Strategy and Warfare: A Guide to Theory and Practice
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1962:"Why semi-Automatic Rifles are a Good Choice for Home Defense"
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1943:"Semi-Automatic Rifle Used in Defense Against Home Invaders"
1147:
1555:
Smith, Walter Harold Black; Smith, Joseph Edward (1960).
985:
705:
199:
631:
301:. Automatic firearms would only become feasible after
592:. The M1917 was fielded during the latter stages of
517:
as the "FN Browning 1900". This is a locked-breech,
293:
used in their cartridges (based around the Austrian
1849:
837:Semi-automatic rifles can be efficiently fed by an
901:Semi-automatic rifles are uniquely susceptible to
720:. It was the first widely issued rifle to use the
269:fires continuously until the trigger is released.
1577:. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers). 1893. p. 14.
1996:
1606:
615:, which had intended to replace the bolt-action
297:), such as insufficient velocity and excessive
1683:
1454:
481:
1186:Semi-automatic rifles are sometimes used for
716:and could be loaded with ten rounds, using a
1662:
546:as well as the original Remington calibers.
435:to function semi-automatically. Designed by
1620:
281:patented a recoil-operated conversion of a
76:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1940:
1921:
1902:
1554:
1448:
600:from 1920 to 1926. Still, the bolt-action
344:
1455:Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. (2010).
654:M1 Garand was developed by Canadian-born
395:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
151:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:Learn how and when to remove this message
1882:Brenton Performance Grade Hunting Rifles
1773:
1746:
1707:
1529:
1496:
1208:not to be confused with "Assault weapon"
905:malfunctions caused by abrupt cartridge
763:, this was raised to 50,000, and in the
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563:
323:
230:
222:
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1314:. New York: William Morrow and Company.
1306:
1148:Civilian uses for semi-automatic rifles
936:cartridge at the insistence of General
576:in 1936 and initially produced for the
1997:
1903:Weingarten, Dean (29 September 2020).
826:, chambering a new cartridge from its
626:
511:Remington Auto-loading Repeating Rifle
1788:
1737:
1722:
1502:
1475:"The 1885 Assault Rifle | WeaponsMan"
1941:Weingarten, Dean (20 October 2020).
1922:Weingarten, Dean (13 October 2020).
1789:Price, Jessica Taylor (2022-06-10).
377:adding citations to reliable sources
348:
109:
59:
18:
1960:McGough, Steven (11 January 2013).
1876:Brenton, Bartt (28 December 2017).
1640:
73:This article contains wording that
13:
943:
415:(non-gas operated) semi-automatic
78:without imparting real information
14:
2021:
1983:
1878:"5 Reasons to Hunt with an AR-15"
1457:"Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher"
1152:
712:in 1945, it came equipped with a
409:Winchester Repeating Arms Company
34:This article has multiple issues.
1742:. Osprey Publishing. p. 65.
1727:. Osprey Publishing. p. 19.
1532:"Mannlicher 1885 Semiauto Rifle"
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1712:. Osprey Publishing. p. 4.
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1509:. Military Service Publishing.
1181:
1141:Smith & Wesson M&P15-22
658:for the U.S. government at the
411:introduced the first low-power
364:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1840:Johnson (1944) pp.41,71&79
1594:An Official Journal Of The NRA
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1434:
1410:
1386:
1362:
1341:
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1:
1754:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide
1663:Prenderghast, Gerald (2018).
1588:Association, National Rifle.
1301:
1296:List of semi-automatic rifles
867:
586:Fusil Automatique Modele 1917
431:operated on the principle of
330:Fusil Automatique Modele 1917
1756:. Jane's Information Group.
1530:McCollum, Ian (2015-05-06).
801:
468:.351 Winchester Self-Loading
7:
1503:Smith, Walter H.B. (1947).
1461:austro-hungarian-army.co.uk
1370:"Definition of BOLT-ACTION"
1197:
806:Semi-automatic weapons use
525:. The rifle was offered in
482:Early semi-automatic rifles
10:
2026:
1168:
781:designated marksman rifles
710:Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov
664:Springfield, Massachusetts
470:semi-automatic rifle, the
272:
238:carrying the Czechoslovak
1850:Encyclopedia Britannica.
1831:Johnson (1944) pp.352-357
1778:. Routledge. p. 150.
1691:"Firsts: Springfield 375"
1667:. McFarland. p. 169.
1394:"Definition of AUTOMATIC"
16:Type of autoloading rifle
1795:Northeastern Global News
1708:Thompson, Leroy (2012).
787:were mostly replaced by
688:, as well as the German
672:General George S. Patton
1856:Encyclopedia Britannica
1774:Arquilla, John (2007).
1398:www.merriam-webster.com
1374:www.merriam-webster.com
1312:Rifles and Machine Guns
1247:Personal defense weapon
1036:Heckler & Koch PSG1
864:the operator can fire.
345:Blowback semi-automatic
123:Some of this article's
1740:Mauser Military Rifles
1693:. 2011. Archived from
1422:www.dulwichsociety.com
1279:Semi-automatic shotgun
1269:Semi-automatic firearm
1071:Springfield Armory M1A
1051:Heckler & Koch SL6
1046:Heckler & Koch SL7
1041:Heckler & Koch SL8
752:
692:, were semi-automatic
642:In 1936, the American
639:
602:Lebel Model 1886 rifle
581:
578:United States military
492:Gas-operated reloading
407:In 1903 and 1905, the
341:
257:with each pull of the
242:
228:
220:
206:
192:
2005:Semi-automatic rifles
1990:Early Semiauto Rifles
1723:McNab, Chris (2013).
1328:"Chapter 3: Firearms"
1274:Semi-automatic pistol
1235:Semi-automatic pistol
1126:Winchester Model 1907
743:
696:rifles issued during
634:
567:
429:Winchester Model 1905
425:Winchester Model 1903
327:
267:fully automatic rifle
234:
226:
212:
198:
184:
1738:Grant, Niel (2015).
1561:. Stackpole Company.
1116:Remington Model 7400
830:, and resetting the
494:were developed from
373:improve this article
287:Ferdinand Mannlicher
253:that fires a single
247:semi-automatic rifle
2010:Austrian inventions
1822:Johnson (1944) p.43
1813:Johnson (1944) p.45
1081:M1941 Johnson rifle
1056:Farquhar-Hill Rifle
636:M1941 Johnson rifle
627:Gas-operated rifles
521:action designed by
441:Winchester Model 63
236:Prague Castle Guard
1752:Hogg, Ian (2002).
1697:on March 14, 2012.
1641:Woodall, Cameron.
1614:"Madsen-Rasmussen"
1308:Johnson, Melvin M.
1175:AR-15 style rifles
934:.30-06 Springfield
775:, the bolt action
753:
686:SVT-38, and SVT-40
660:Springfield Armory
640:
582:
559:Mexican Revolution
460:Fabrique Nationale
450:rifles, including
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229:
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1536:Forgotten Weapons
1349:"27 CFR § 478.11"
1262:Bolt-action rifle
1242:AR-15 style rifle
1121:Remington Model 8
971:General Liu rifle
938:Douglas MacArthur
926:M1903 Springfield
911:collateral damage
862:rounds per minute
854:bolt-action rifle
843:external magazine
549:In 1908, General
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509:introduced the "
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1111:Marlin Model 60
1016:Rasheed Carbine
951:MondragĂłn rifle
946:
944:Select examples
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555:MondragĂłn rifle
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708:. Designed by
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572:, designed by
507:Remington Arms
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309:machine guns (
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218:.223 Remington
214:Colt AR-15 SP1
190:.22 Long Rifle
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125:listed sources
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1643:""F.N. 1900""
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885:Disadvantages
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523:John Browning
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332:was an early
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1969:. Retrieved
1965:
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1936:
1927:
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1908:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
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1798:. Retrieved
1794:
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1718:
1709:
1703:
1695:the original
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1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1636:
1622:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1574:The Engineer
1573:
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1539:. Retrieved
1535:
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1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1478:
1469:
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1450:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1322:
1311:
1305:
1207:
1188:self-defense
1185:
1182:Self defense
1172:
1156:
1096:MAS-49 rifle
1091:vz. 52 rifle
981:Type 4 rifle
956:Mauser M1916
919:
915:
907:acceleration
900:
896:World War II
888:
871:
851:
839:en-bloc clip
836:
812:blow-forward
805:
757:World War II
754:
703:
698:World War II
694:gas-operated
676:
668:World War II
652:gas-operated
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489:
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445:
437:T.C. Johnson
423:rifles. The
406:
391:
385:January 2023
382:
371:Please help
366:verification
363:
291:black powder
276:
246:
244:
240:vz. 52 rifle
165:
147:
138:
127:
94:
85:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1291:Single-shot
1106:Ruger 10/22
1011:Hakim rifle
796:Barrett M82
765:Vietnam War
750:Barrett M82
656:John Garand
617:Lee–Enfield
594:World War I
574:John Garand
544:.300 Savage
539:.35 caliber
519:long recoil
500:Cei-Rigotti
496:Hiram Maxim
464:Savage Arms
338:World War I
279:Hiram Maxim
263:bolt-action
186:Ruger 10/22
128:may not be
1999:Categories
1971:29 October
1888:29 October
1861:29 October
1852:"Shooting"
1800:2024-09-14
1599:2022-05-23
1541:2020-10-21
1489:2021-03-27
1427:2024-09-04
1403:2022-05-23
1379:2022-05-23
1302:References
1066:M1 Carbine
1031:L1A1 Rifle
868:Advantages
761:Korean War
515:FN Herstal
472:Model 1907
452:Winchester
421:centerfire
202:Type 56 -
141:March 2024
88:March 2024
39:improve it
1086:Gewehr 41
996:Gewehr 43
976:M1 Garand
961:M1917 RSC
922:M1 Garand
802:Operation
722:7.62Ă—39mm
690:Gewehr 43
644:M1 Garand
590:M1 Garand
570:M1 Garand
505:In 1906,
502:in 1900.
456:Remington
277:In 1883,
255:cartridge
204:7.62Ă—39mm
45:talk page
1947:Ammoland
1928:Ammoland
1909:Ammoland
1648:9 August
1310:(1944).
1230:Revolver
1198:See also
903:slamfire
828:magazine
816:blowback
433:blowback
413:blowback
307:Browning
130:reliable
1630:. 2013.
1616:. 2015.
1354:July 1,
1333:July 1,
1286:Shotgun
1220:Firearm
1169:Hunting
1159:archery
1006:Ag m/42
875:fatigue
793:.50 BMG
748:with a
714:bayonet
598:Rif War
417:rimfire
299:fouling
273:History
259:trigger
1760:
1513:
1225:Pistol
1001:SVT-40
879:recoil
832:action
824:barrel
820:recoil
769:StG 44
746:Marine
731:FN FAL
682:AVS-36
679:Soviet
650:. The
606:MAS-36
537:, and
462:, and
334:French
249:is an
1252:Rifle
1136:ZH-29
1026:AR-15
1021:AR-10
845:, or
744:U.S.
727:AK-47
315:M1919
311:M1917
1973:2019
1890:2019
1863:2019
1758:ISBN
1650:2020
1511:ISBN
1356:2022
1335:2022
733:and
677:The
568:The
427:and
419:and
328:The
317:and
986:SKS
856:or
818:or
808:gas
735:M16
706:SKS
662:in
535:.32
531:.30
527:.25
476:.22
448:.22
375:by
200:SKS
2001::
1964:.
1945:.
1926:.
1907:.
1880:.
1854:.
1793:.
1592:.
1534:.
1477:.
1459:.
1420:.
1396:.
1372:.
913:.
898:.
881:.
849:.
841:,
814:,
810:,
798:.
729:,
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580:.
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529:,
458:,
454:,
319:M2
313:,
245:A
216:-
188:-
48:.
1975:.
1949:.
1930:.
1911:.
1892:.
1865:.
1803:.
1764:.
1652:.
1602:.
1544:.
1519:.
1492:.
1444:.
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1406:.
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1337:.
1210:)
1206:(
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392:(
387:)
383:(
369:.
340:.
172:)
166:(
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148:(
143:)
139:(
133:.
101:)
95:(
90:)
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55:)
51:(
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