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100:), typically between 60 and 80 cm in depth. This fertile surface horizon, called a mollic epipedon, is the defining diagnostic feature of Mollisols. Mollic epipedons are created by long-term addition of organic materials derived from plant roots and typically have soft, granular soil structure.
40:
115:
due to the fertility of the horizon). Globally, they represent ~7% of ice-free land area. As the world's agriculturally most productive soil order, the
Mollisols represent one of the most economically important soil orders.
111:
from organisms such as ants and earthworms. It was estimated that in 2003, only 14 to 26 percent of grassland ecosystems still remained in a relatively natural state (that is, they were not used for
227:
because high shrink swell characteristics and relatively high clay contents dominate over the mollic epipedon. These soils are especially common in parts of South
America in the
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Buol, S.W., Southard, R.J., Graham, R.C., and McDaniel, P.A. (2003). âSoil
Genesis and Classification.â 5th edition. (Iowa State University Press - Blackwell, Ames.)
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and provide the best grazing land in such cold climates because they are not acidic like many other soils of very cold climates.
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Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. (1996). âThe Nature and
Properties of Soils.â 11th edition. (Prentice Hall, New Jersey).
136:. Their development is very closely associated with cooling and drying of the global climate that occurred during the
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Mollisols typically occur in savannahs and mountain valleys (such as
Central Asia, and the North American
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Soils which are mostly similar to
Mollisols but contain either continuous or discontinuous
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107:). These environments have historically been strongly influenced by fire and abundant
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Though most other soil orders known today were formed at the beginning of the
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basin receiving abundant but erratic rainfall and extensive deposition of
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which has deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil (
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Gelollsâvery cold climate; mean annual soil temperature < 0 °C
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Cryollsâcold climate; frigid or cryic soil temperature regime
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333:"World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015"
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Other soils which have a mollic epipedon are classified as
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280 million years ago, Mollisols are best known from the
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Albollsâwet soils; aquic soil moisture regime with an
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XerollsâMediterranean climate; xeric moisture regime
262:. Shallow or gravelly Mollisols may belong to the
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278:. Mollisols with a natric horizon belong to the
338:. World Soil Resources Reports 106, FAO, Rome.
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163:Aquollsâwet soils; aquic soil moisture regime
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243:but the andic properties take precedence.
200:are common in high mountain plateaus of
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383:. University of Florida. Archived from
248:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
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734:Canadian system of soil classification
239:. Mollic epipedons also occur in some
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402:. University of Idaho. Archived from
250:(WRB), Mollisols are split up into
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718:Unified Soil Classification System
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723:AASHTO Soil Classification System
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331:IUSS Working Group WRB (2015).
739:Australian Soil Classification
730:(French classification system)
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172:Rendollsâlime parent material
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759:List of vineyard soil types
364:. USDA-NRCS. Archived from
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196:, consequently affected by
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744:Polish Soil Classification
181:Ustollsâsubhumid climate;
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768:Non-systematic soil types
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754:List of U.S. state soils
235:-rich minerals from the
208:. Such soils are called
749:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
728:Référentiel pédologique
712:FAO soil classification
128:paleopedological record
27:Nutrient-rich soil type
175:Udollsâhumid climate;
297:Pedology (soil study)
880:Calcareous grassland
457:World Reference Base
177:udic moisture regime
449:Soil classification
302:Soil classification
266:. Many Aquolls are
633:USDA soil taxonomy
459:for Soil Resources
54:USDA soil taxonomy
44:A Mollisol profile
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78:Humid continental
16:(Redirected from
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920:Hydrophobic soil
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387:on April 4, 2006
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130:as early as the
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985:Subaqueous soil
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159:eluvial horizon
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355:External links
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198:cryoturbation
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121:Carboniferous
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109:pedoturbation
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935:Martian soil
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408:. Retrieved
404:the original
389:. Retrieved
385:the original
370:. Retrieved
366:the original
326:
307:Soil science
245:
229:ParanĂĄ River
222:
215:
211:Molliturbels
209:
191:
131:
118:
105:Great Plains
102:
89:
88:
1000:Terra rossa
995:Terra preta
975:Spodic soil
895:Duplex soil
875:Brown earth
855:Alkali soil
845:Rhizosphere
840:Laimosphere
714:(1974â1998)
671:Inceptisols
578:Plinthosols
543:Kastanozems
400:"Mollisols"
381:"Mollisols"
362:"Mollisols"
292:Pedogenesis
256:Kastanozems
217:Mollorthels
113:agriculture
1039:Categories
980:Stagnogley
930:Lunar soil
885:Dark earth
870:Brickearth
835:Pedosphere
805:Soil crust
613:Technosols
598:Solonchaks
518:Ferralsols
483:Anthrosols
410:2006-05-14
391:2006-05-14
372:2006-05-14
318:References
272:Stagnosols
252:Chernozems
194:permafrost
965:Quicksand
910:Fill dirt
850:Bulk soil
696:Vertisols
686:Spodosols
676:Mollisols
666:Histosols
651:Aridisols
623:Vertisols
618:Umbrisols
608:Stagnosol
573:Planosols
568:Phaeozems
548:Leptosols
533:Gypsisols
523:Fluvisols
503:Chernozem
498:Cambisols
493:Calcisols
488:Arenosols
312:Soil type
276:Planosols
264:Leptosols
260:Phaeozems
225:Vertisols
206:altiplano
152:Suborders
138:Oligocene
98:A horizon
94:soil type
82:semi-arid
68:Limestone
18:Mollisols
1045:Pedology
950:Paleosol
865:Blue goo
820:Gypcrust
691:Ultisols
661:Gelisols
656:Entisols
646:Andisols
641:Alfisols
603:Solonetz
593:Retisols
588:Regosols
563:Nitisols
558:Luvisols
553:Lixisols
538:Histosol
528:Gleysols
513:Durisols
508:Cryosols
478:Andosols
468:Acrisols
286:See also
280:Solonetz
268:Gleysols
241:Andisols
146:Pliocene
90:Mollisol
33:Mollisol
900:Eluvium
860:Bay mud
825:Caliche
815:Hardpan
810:Claypan
800:Subsoil
795:Topsoil
681:Oxisols
583:Podzols
473:Alisols
461:(1998â)
246:In the
142:Miocene
124:Ice Age
74:Climate
50:Used in
1010:Yedoma
945:Muskeg
133:Eocene
990:Takir
925:Loess
336:(PDF)
237:Andes
202:Tibet
183:ustic
92:is a
64:Loess
955:Peat
790:Loam
785:Clay
780:Silt
775:Sand
258:and
233:clay
144:and
940:Mud
274:or
214:or
1041::
282:.
270:,
254:,
148:.
140:,
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66:,
441:e
434:t
427:v
413:.
394:.
375:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
