4317:
345:
358:
4550:
4177:
4615:
4466:
4348:
4239:
4142:
1703:
1807:
4705:
4668:
4384:
4282:
3686:. There he took charge and organized air strikes on the royal palace, where Daoud and the presidential guard were conducting a desperate defense. Fighting continued the whole day and into the night, when the defenders were finally overwhelmed. Daoud and almost all of his family members, including women and children, died in the fighting. Altogether there were possibly as many as two thousand fatalities, both military and civilian." p. 88 of Ewans, Martin (2002)
58:
1651:"All of his life experience is evidence that Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan would not bow to foreigners, regardless of their nationality. Particularly, in his last meeting with Leonid Brezhnev, he proved his bravery and patriotism. But KGB deceptions and the games that they played could have benefited from Daoud Khan's influence in the armed forces. So Daoud Khan, indirectly and with total unawareness, could have been manipulated by the KGB."
1968:
1127:, a former prime minister and a highly respected former diplomat, was arrested in a coup plot and died in prison before his trial set for December 1973. This was at a time when Parchamites controlled the Ministry of Interior under circumstances corroborating the widespread belief that he had been tortured to death by the leftists. According to one account, Daoud Khan planned to appoint Maiwandwal as prime minister, leading to the
1745:, and Amin was merely placed under house arrest. Khan had misjudged the situation and believed that Karmal's Parcham faction was the main communist threat. In fact, according to PDPA documents, Amin's Khalq faction had extensively infiltrated the military and they outnumbered Parcham cells by a factor of 2 to 3. Amin sent complete orders for the coup from his home while it was under armed guard, using his family as messengers.
861:
1771:, the former chief royal palace, during the early hours of 28 April 1978, involving heavy fighting and many deaths. Shortly afterwards, the new military leaders announced that Khan had been killed for refusing to pledge allegiance to the new regime by Lieutenant Imamuddin of the 444th Commando Battalion. Upon Daoud's assassination, Afghan singer Fazal Ghani wrote the song â
1606:
the growing power of communists within his government so he started improving his relations with
Pakistan and Iran. The same year Pakistan also provided aid to Afghanistan to help alleviate the suffering caused by earthquake and floods in northern Afghanistan. This gesture by Pakistan had helped mollify Afghan public opinion about Pakistan.
1549:, Juma Khan Sufi, Baluch guerrillas, and others. Khan's government and forces also commenced training of anti-Pakistani groups to conduct militant action and sabotage in Pakistan. The campaign was significant enough that even one of Bhutto's senior colleagues, minister of interior and head of the provincial branch of
1213:
He also began to moderate his socialist policies, although the 1977 constitution had a nationalist bend in addition to previous socialism and Islam. In 1978, there was a rift with the PDPA. Internally he attempted to distance himself from the communist elements within the coup. He was concerned about
751:
movement), stated "that Daoud Khan only exploited the idea of reunification of
Pashtun people to meet his own political ends. The idea of reunification of Pashtun people never helped Pashtuns and it only caused trouble for Pakistan. In fact it was never a reality". Moreover, Daoud Khan's project for
1605:
The same year Kabul was also quietly negotiating with
Islamabad to defuse the tensions between the two countries. In early 1976, relations between the two countries improved and the leaders of the two countries, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Douad Khan, exchanged visits. Daoud Khan was also worried about
1516:
During his latter years in charge, his purge of communists in his government strained his relations with them, while his desire for one person rule created conflicts with the liberals who had been in charge during the monarchy. At the same time, his persecution of religious conservatives engendered
771:
of
Pakistan in an attempt to manipulate events in that area and to press the Pashtunistan issue, but the Afghan forces were defeated by the Pashtun Tribal militias. During this period, the propaganda war from Afghanistan, carried on by radio, was relentless. In 1961, Daoud Khan made another attempt
916:
In Khan's new cabinet, many ministers were fresh faced politicians, and only Dr Abdul Majid was a ministerial carryover from Khan's Prime
Minister era (1953â1963); Majid was Minister of Education from 1953 to 1957, and from 1973 was appointed Minister of Justice until 1977. Initially about half of
830:
The crisis was finally resolved with his forced resignation in March 1963 and the re-opening of the border in May. Pakistan continued to remain suspicious of Afghan intentions and Daoud's policy left a negative impression in the eyes of many Tajiks who felt they were being disenfranchised for the
1632:
on a state visit to Moscow from 12 to 15 April 1977. He had asked for a private meeting with the Soviet leader to discuss with him the increased pattern of Soviet actions in
Afghanistan. In particular, he discussed the intensified Soviet attempt to unite the two factions of the Afghan communist
1613:
was informing a US diplomat that
Afghanistan was no longer creating troubles for Pakistan. By August 1976 relations with Pakistan had improved to a high degree. Later on, while promoting his new foreign policy doctrine, Daoud Khan came to a tentative agreement on a solution to the Pashtunistan
565:
in the government, and many of his policies also displeased religious conservatives and liberals who were in favor of restoring the multiparty system that existed under the monarchy. Social and economic reforms implemented under his ruling were successful, but his foreign policy led to tense
1795:
of Kabul city. Initial reports indicate that sixteen corpses were in one grave and twelve in the other. On 4 December 2008, the Afghan Health
Ministry announced that Daoud's body had been identified on the basis of teeth molds and a small golden Quran, a present he had received from the
1645:"we will never allow you to dictate to us how to run our country and whom to employ in Afghanistan. How and where we employ the foreign experts will remain the exclusive prerogative of the Afghan state. Afghanistan shall remain poor, if necessary, but free in its acts and decisions"
1915:
During his time as prime minister and president, Khan was highly unpopular among the non-Pashtun minorities in
Afghanistan because of his alleged Pashtun favouritism. During his regime, all significant positions in the government, army and educational institutions were held by
708:
project, which dramatically improved living conditions in southwestern
Afghanistan, as well as tentative steps towards the emancipation of women, giving women a higher public presence, which led to significant amounts of freedom and educational opportunities for them.
1583:
Since coming to power, under pressure from the PDPA and to increase domestic Pashtun support, Khan took a stronger line on the Pashtunistan issue and promoted a proxy war in Pakistan. Trade and transit agreements with Pakistan were subsequently severely affected.
846:, for the first time excluding all members of the royal family from the Council of Ministers. Khan had already stepped down. In addition to having been prime minister, he had also held the portfolios of Minister of Defense and Minister of Planning until 1963.
1641:. Brezhnev described Afghanistan's non-alignment as important to the USSR and essential to the promotion of peace in Asia, and warned him about the presence of experts from NATO countries stationed in the northern parts of Afghanistan. Daoud bluntly replied:
1139:
wrote that Maiwandwal, one of few Afghan politicians with an international reputation, could have been a leader in a democratic process and therefore a target for communists. One of the army generals arrested under suspicion of this plot with Maiwandwal was
1911:
hailed Khan's courage and patriotism in comments after his 2009 state funeral, saying he was "always thinking of the advancement and prosperity of the country." Some Afghans fondly consider him to be the best leader their country has had in modern times.
1147:
In 1974, he signed one of two economic packages that aimed to greatly increase the capability of the Afghan military. At this time, there were increasing concerns that Afghanistan lacked a modern army comparable to the militaries of Iran and Pakistan.
3815:
1565:, was killed, ostensibly on the orders of the later-acquitted Awami Party. As a result, Afghanistan's already strained relationship with Pakistan further dipped and Pakistan likewise started similar kinds of cross-border interference. By 1975,
783:
In 1961, as a result of his policies and support to militias in areas along the Durand Line, Pakistan closed its borders with Afghanistan and the latter severed ties, causing an economic crisis and greater dependence on the
728:
and was in direct opposition to an older plan of the 1940s whereby a confederation between the two countries was proposed. The move further worried the non-Pashtun populations of Afghanistan such as the minority
5496:
1354:
872:
Khan was unsatisfied with King Zahir Shah's constitutional parliamentary system and lack of progress. He planned rebellion for more than a year before he seized power from the King on 17 July 1973. The
3039:
1414:
1924:
of Afghanistan reached such an extent that the word 'Afghan' started being used to refer only to Pashtuns and not to the other minority groups who collectively formed a majority in Afghanistan.
1664:
After returning to Afghanistan, he made plans that his government would downscale its relationship with the Soviet Union, and instead forge closer contacts with the West as well as the oil-rich
1459:
1092:
979:
1741:
Shocked by this demonstration of communist unity, Khan ordered the arrest of the PDPA leaders, but he acted too slowly. It took him a week to arrest Taraki, Karmal managed to escape to the
877:, and backed by a large number of army officers who were loyal to him, facing no resistance. Departing from tradition, and for the first time in Afghan history, he did not proclaim himself
1247:
1444:
1107:
3682:, who had also been prominent in Daoud's own coup five years before. Watanjar first secured the airport, where the other coup leader, Colonel Abdul Qadir, left by helicopter for the
780:
who were supporting the Afghan army. Several Afghan soldiers were also captured and were paraded in front of international media, which in turn caused embarrassment for Daoud Khan.
1726:
ideologue, his funeral on 19 April 1978 served as a rallying point for the Afghan communists. An estimated 1,000 to 3,000 people gathered to hear speeches by PDPA leaders such as
1166:
Khan wanted to lessen the country's dependence on the Soviet Union and attempted to promote a new foreign policy. In 1975 he visited some countries in the Middle East, including
1399:
1595:
B707 at Islamabad airport in 1975. The 130 passengers of PIA B707 had deplaned before the explosion took place and thus no one was harmed in the explosion inside the aircraft.
823:, close ties with the USSR and economic downturn because of the blockade imposed by Pakistan, Daoud Khan was asked to resign. Instead of resigning, Daoud Khan requested King
720:, which had been accepted as international border by successive Afghan governments for over a half a century. Khan supported a nationalistic reunification of the Pakistani
5561:
1487:
1186:"only pretends to be non-aligned." Surprisingly, he did not renew the Pashtunistan agitation; relations with Pakistan improved thanks to interventions from the US and the
827:
to approve new 'one-party constitution' proposed by him which would in turn increase Daoud Khan's already considerable power. Upon rejection, Daoud Khan angrily resigned.
3847:
3013:
4446:
984:
4117:
400:
1954:
uprising in 1975 is also believed to be result of anti-Pashtun frustration which had been building up in Panjshir valley as result of Daoud Khan's policies.
966:
5556:
3869:
2740:
5486:
1602:, which Afghanistan blamed on Pakistan. There was also deployment of additional troops by both the countries along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
902:
King Zahir Shah's constitution establishing a parliament with elected members and the separation of powers was replaced by a now largely nominated
1897:
News sources in the 1970s claimed that General Daoud Khan said he was happiest when he could "light his American cigarettes with Soviet matches."
629:, while serving as the Afghan Ambassador to Germany. He and his brother Prince Naim Khan (1911â1978) then came under the tutelage of their uncle
4673:
4287:
1214:
the tenor of many communists in his government and Afghanistan's growing dependency on the Soviet Union. These moves were highly criticized by
5097:
4439:
4126:
1123:
A coup against Khan, which may have been planned before he took power, was repressed shortly after his seizure of power. In October 1973,
4110:
1764:
1199:
918:
571:
551:
304:
3465:
2931:
1429:
764:
405:
5571:
5516:
5511:
5506:
4322:
3691:
3379:
5566:
5551:
5250:
1900:
Mohammad Daoud Khan was retrospectively described as an "old-fashioned statesman, compassionate yet reserved and authoritarian" by
1384:
997:
5526:
5521:
5501:
4432:
4147:
3300:
543:
362:
5435:
4753:
4103:
1281:
1135:, along with fellow communists, framing Maiwandwal in a coup plot, then torturing him to death without Daoud Khan's knowledge.
805:
664:
656:
395:
3639:
Ishiyama, John (2005). "The Sickle and the Minaret: Communist Successor Parties in Yemen and Afghanistan After the Cold War".
1756:, gained ground slowly over the next twenty-four hours as rebels battled units loyal to Daoud Khan in and around the capital.
4805:
3663:
3578:
3551:
3499:
3423:
2996:
2891:
1947:
were allowed to hold the position of officer in the Afghan army, while other ethnicities were excluded from those positions.
865:
139:
432:
3791:
2859:
1989:
5425:
5420:
5350:
4188:
4067:
1566:
1298:
961:
131:
17:
5491:
5445:
4561:
4555:
4182:
3710:
3362:
3332:
3284:
3257:
3137:
3023:
2724:
1775:
Nizamâ which mocked the former president for his baldness and for being âfinished with one strikeâ, which was aired on
1031:
276:
1803:
On 17 March 2009, General Daoud was given a state funeral. His only surviving child, Dorkhanai, attended the funeral.
1206:
approved a new constitution. It wrote in several new articles and amended others - one of these was the creation of a
4787:
3974:
3947:
3920:
3698:
3605:
2015:
1369:
1313:
1264:
1064:
1049:
660:
496:
184:
3678:"There was, therefore, little to hinder the assault mounted by the rebel 4th Armored Brigade, led by Major Mohammad
1997:
1598:
At the same time, Afghanistan also faced several short lived uprisings in retaliation in eastern Afghanistan and in
5415:
1623:
1132:
1036:
843:
5114:
4924:
4353:
2660:
724:
with Afghanistan, but this would have involved taking a considerable amount of territory from the new nation of
3389:
3188:
2744:
2630:
1993:
1592:
127:
1787:
On 28 June 2008, his body and those of his family were found in two separate mass graves outside the walls of
1222:; the Soviets had always feared that the United States could find a way to influence the government in Kabul.
651:
In 1939, Khan was promoted to Commander of the Central Forces. As commander, he led Afghan forces against the
5541:
5536:
5481:
5149:
4750:
4455:
4293:
4009:
2961:
2593:
Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. AprâJun 1978
909:
Although he was close to the Soviet Union during his prime ministership, Khan continued the Afghan policy of
687:
422:
92:
4130:
874:
535:
500:
417:
4620:
4244:
3515:
1815:
1776:
1207:
888:
5317:
4628:
4511:
4019:
1950:
Daoud Khan viewed the Afghan armed forces as a crucial vector in the Pashtunisation of Afghan state. The
1753:
1573:
1539:
836:
227:
1822:) on the same day on 28 April 1978 are buried at an incomplete hilltop tomb located 2.5 km west of
1170:, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, all of which were anti-Soviet states, to ask for aid, He also visited
5531:
5450:
4527:
4516:
3939:
Nation, Ethnicity and the conflict in Afghanistan: Political Islam and rise of Ethno-politics 1992-1996
1124:
1587:
The year 1975 was a watershed in Afghan-Pakistan relations. Pakistan blamed Afghanistan for unrest in
741:, who suspected his intention was to increase the Pashtuns' disproportionate hold on political power.
5546:
4989:
4859:
804:, for a heavily discounted price tag of $ 25 million, to Afghanistan. That same year he attended the
3156:
2678:
5430:
5245:
4532:
4153:
4047:
1978:
1136:
855:
508:
73:
913:
with the Cold War superpowers. Nor did he bring drastic pro-Soviet change to the economic system.
788:. The USSR became Afghanistan's principal trading partner. Within a few months, the USSR sent jet
5390:
5360:
5340:
5134:
1982:
1943:
were barred from becoming high-ranking officers in the Afghan armed forces. Similarly only a few
561:, and for his educational and progressive social reforms. Under his regime, he headed a purge of
534:, serving for a decade. Having failed to persuade the King to implement a one-party system, Khan
3440:
3324:
The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers
5410:
5380:
5322:
5129:
4655:
4471:
4257:
4214:
3884:
3850:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 March 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017
1550:
641:
603:
527:
504:
349:
344:
259:
3829:
3274:
2806:
2788:
2716:
The Wars of Afghanistan:Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflict, and the Failures of Great Powers
5440:
5212:
5029:
4780:
4638:
4402:
4095:
3595:
3489:
3352:
3322:
3247:
3127:
1677:
1656:
1286:
1187:
949:
644:, serving as Governor of the Eastern Province in 1934â35 and in 1938â39, and was Governor of
427:
3541:
3413:
2939:
5476:
5471:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4537:
4489:
1936:
1797:
1788:
1748:
The army had been put on alert on 26 April because of a presumed coup. On 27 April 1978, a
1702:
1542:
1269:
1175:
910:
813:
652:
630:
539:
2766:
776:
jets which inflicted heavy casualties against the Afghan army unit and the tribesmen from
566:
relations with neighboring countries. In 1978, he was deposed and assassinated during the
8:
5287:
5014:
5004:
4999:
4959:
4879:
4650:
4644:
4633:
4602:
4572:
4263:
4220:
4199:
4084:
4057:
4037:
4029:
3768:
3415:
Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations
2036:
1928:
1727:
1599:
1569:
1156:
832:
675:
618:
531:
319:
165:
114:
110:
5365:
5355:
5192:
4969:
4929:
4914:
4904:
4884:
3225:
2642:
1710:(the presidential palace, formerly the chief royal palace) in Kabul, the day after the
1610:
1558:
1554:
1141:
1002:
614:
5405:
5395:
5297:
5240:
5009:
4939:
4889:
4864:
4225:
3970:
3943:
3916:
3863:
3816:
The Origins of the âReagan Doctrine Warsâ in Angola, Central America, and Afghanistan
3694:
3659:
3601:
3574:
3547:
3495:
3419:
3385:
3358:
3328:
3280:
3253:
3184:
3133:
3019:
2992:
2887:
2720:
1951:
1823:
1792:
1252:
1218:, which feared that Afghanistan would soon become closer to the West, especially the
1018:
748:
645:
3750:
3441:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-373C AP-AWV Islamabad International Airport (ISB)"
3040:"Everything in Afghanistan is done in the name of religion: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan"
2829:
1749:
752:
the reunification of the Pashtun people failed to gain support from the majority of
670:
In 1951, he was promoted to General and served in that capacity as Commander of the
574:(PDPA). His body was discovered 30 years later and was identified by a small golden
5370:
5345:
5307:
5182:
5104:
5049:
5044:
4919:
4854:
4833:
4773:
4686:
4501:
4002:
3381:
Law in Afghanistan: A Study of the Constitutions, Matrimonial Law and the Judiciary
3217:
3180:
Law in Afghanistan: A Study of the Constitutions, Matrimonial Law and the Judiciary
2634:
2601:
2597:
1719:
917:
the new cabinet were either current members, former members or sympathizers of the
697:
215:
1531:
As during his time as prime minister, Daoud Khan again pressed on the question of
5385:
5375:
5172:
5077:
5072:
5064:
4994:
4909:
4849:
4828:
4577:
4424:
4204:
3964:
3937:
3910:
3683:
3178:
2881:
2714:
2591:
1731:
1711:
1697:
1669:
1629:
1588:
1152:
820:
801:
797:
567:
547:
512:
462:
437:
410:
98:
5400:
5197:
5157:
5119:
5092:
4954:
4874:
4521:
3679:
2039:(15 October 1914 â 23 July 2007). The couple had four sons and four daughters:
1921:
777:
772:
to invade Bajaur with larger Afghan army this time. However, Pakistan employed
721:
693:
3105:
3064:
2661:"Statement on the attack on the Sardar Muhammad Dawood Khan hospital in Kabul"
5465:
5202:
5187:
5039:
4964:
4894:
4823:
4582:
4495:
4209:
3725:"Fazal Ghani (PDPA) Fazal ghani Ùض٠غÙÛ Ùرت٠ÙÚ«ÙÚÛ Ø®Ø±Ø§ÚÛ - video Dailymotion"
3653:
3568:
3354:
Politics of the Dispossessed: Superpowers and Developments in the Middle East
3087:
1735:
1562:
1546:
1219:
768:
730:
705:
671:
587:
286:
3724:
1144:, who was later released. Khan personally apologized to him for the arrest.
5312:
5292:
5109:
5024:
4984:
4974:
4949:
4944:
4899:
4813:
4723:
4371:
4366:
4335:
4268:
2621:
2032:
1908:
1902:
1760:
1681:
1665:
1532:
1160:
738:
734:
701:
583:
441:
315:
3912:
Gendering Human Security in Afghanistan: In a Time of Western Intervention
3623:"Afghanistan: History of 1973 Coup Sheds Light on Relations With Pakistan"
5302:
5207:
5167:
5082:
5034:
5019:
4765:
4729:
4710:
4691:
4389:
4304:
3301:"The Life of a 102-year-old Afghan Entrepreneur: An Economic Perspective"
1806:
1768:
1707:
1526:
773:
717:
579:
357:
3885:"Daoud's Footprints: how Afghanistan's First President Influences Ghani"
1688:
took the same route in 1974 in distancing itself from the Soviet Union.
1676:
and by 1977, the Afghan military and police force were being trained by
5177:
5162:
5124:
4934:
4818:
4484:
4479:
3622:
3229:
2646:
2616:
1819:
1203:
1202:, which became the focus of all political activity. In January 1977, a
903:
892:
824:
744:
696:
in September 1953 through an intra-family transfer of power, replacing
57:
3205:
667:
from 1949 to 1951. In 1948, he served as Afghan Ambassador to France.
5054:
4979:
4869:
1577:
562:
558:
519:
472:
3658:. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's Intern. Defense Publ. p. 200.
3573:. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's Intern. Defense Publ. p. 179.
3221:
2638:
1967:
1814:
Daoud and following family members that were killed (resembling the
5497:
Political office-holders of the Republic of Afghanistan (1973â1978)
4796:
2029:
1932:
1917:
884:
809:
789:
757:
753:
725:
713:
700:. His ten-year tenure was noted for his foreign policy turn to the
607:
5265:
2071:
4. Muhammad Umar Daoud Khan (1934 â k. 1978). Had two daughters:
1723:
1634:
1128:
610:
492:
382:
3770:ÙÙ
اÛÙÙØÙؚر ÙØ§Û Ø®Ø§ÙÙاد٠سردار داÙد خا٠اÙÙÛ٠رÛÛس جÙ
ÙÙر اÙغاÙستاÙ
1931:
were allied with Daoud Khan and supported his goal of promoting
5087:
1944:
1940:
1215:
1179:
637:
626:
538:
the monarchy in a virtually bloodless coup with the backing of
523:
36:
4125:
860:
5139:
2471:
1772:
1685:
1673:
1638:
1617:
1171:
1167:
921:, but over time their influence would be eradicated by Khan.
622:
599:
575:
530:
before being appointed as prime minister by his cousin, King
255:
1535:, again leading to sometimes tense relations with Pakistan.
633:(1884â1953). Daoud proved to be an apt student of politics.
542:
officers, and proclaimed himself the first president of the
27:
Afghan prime minister (1953â1963) and president (1973â1978)
3206:"Afghanistan under Daud: Relations with Neighboring States"
2617:"Afghanistan under Daud: Relations with Neighboring States"
1742:
1609:
By October 1976, the head of Pakistan intelligence agency,
1183:
879:
793:
785:
716:
in August 1947, Prime Minister Daoud Khan had rejected the
3516:"Afghanistan â Mohammad Zahir Shah (1933â73) | Britannica"
906:(meaning "grand assembly"). The parliament was disbanded.
1752:, beginning with troop movements at the military base at
1672:. Afghanistan signed a co-operative military treaty with
3106:"Afghanistan â Daoud's Republic, July 1973 â April 1978"
2054:
3. Wais Daoud Khan (1947 â k. 1978). Had four children:
895:
officers in the coup led to him receiving the nickname "
3688:
Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics
1847:
Daughter: Bibi Safora Abdulaziz Ghazi (b. 1965, age 13)
1844:
Son-in-law: Sardar Niezamudeen Ghazi (b. 1934, age 44)
3848:"First Afghan President's Remains Reinterred In Kabul"
3792:"First Afghan President's Remains Reinterred In Kabul"
3466:"Blast Hits a Jet in Pakistan After Passengers Debark"
3015:
The Middle East in World Politics (Routledge Revivals)
2932:"Daoud Khan, Muhammad - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
2860:"First Afghan President's Remains Reinterred in Kabul"
2085:
6. Shinkay Begum (1940 â k. 1978). Had two daughters:
812:
making Afghanistan one of the founding members of the
3276:
Conspiracies and Atrocities in Afghanistan: 1700â2014
1830:
Brother: Sardar Muhammad Naim Khan (b. 1910, age 68)
1198:
In 1977, he established his own political party, the
613:
family and was the eldest son of the diplomat Prince
526:", Khan started as a provincial governor and later a
3966:
Afghanistan's two party communism: Parcham and Khalq
3828:
Wafa, Abdul Waheed; Gall, Carlotta (17 March 2009).
819:
As a result of continued resentment against Daoud's
5562:
Afghan politicians assassinated in the 20th century
3830:"State Funeral for Afghan Leader Slain in '78 Coup"
2830:"South Asia | Remains of Afghan leader buried"
2789:"State funeral for Afghan leader slain in '78 coup"
1691:
4454:
2883:Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia
2046:2. Khalid Daoud Khan (1947 â k. 1978). Had a son:
2028:In September 1934, Daoud Khan married his cousin,
1852:Son: Sardar Muhammad Umar Daoud (b. 1934, age 44)
1833:Daughter: Bibi Zarmina Naim Ghazi (unmarked grave)
3597:A Bed of Red Flowers: In Search of My Afghanistan
5463:
3868:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3157:"Nushin Arbabzadah: Sardar Daud Khan remembered"
3065:"Afghanistan â Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953â63"
2920:. Princeton University Press. pp. 475, 498.
2807:"An Afghan secret revealed brings end of an era"
2679:"Nushin Arbabzadah: Sardar Daud Khan remembered"
1869:Wife: Bibi Shaima Asefi Daoud (b. 1946, age 32)
3491:Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective
3203:
3129:Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective
1888:Daughter: Bibi Zarlasht Daoud (b. 1953, age 25)
570:, led by the Afghan military and the communist
3483:
3481:
3479:
2879:
1880:Son: Sardar Waygal Wais Daoud (b. 1976, age 2)
1863:Daughter: Bibi Shinkay Daoud (b. 1940, age 38)
1517:enmity with them and their followers as well.
767:across the poorly-marked Durand Line into the
495:military officer and politician who served as
4781:
4440:
4111:
3883:Saeedi, Sayed Ziafatullah (7 November 2018).
3655:The fall of Afghanistan: an insider's account
3570:The fall of Afghanistan: an insider's account
2986:
2980:
2875:
2873:
2035:(11 January 1917 â 28 April 1978), sister of
640:, he served as a senior administrator in the
1858:Daughter: Bibi Ghizal Umar (b. 1964, age 14)
849:
5557:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s
3713:. 29 April 1978 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
3641:Middle East Review of International Affairs
3476:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
2880:Clements, Frank; Adamec, Ludwig W. (2003).
2741:"Mohammad Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953â63"
1996:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1872:Mother: Bibi Belqis Asefi (b. 1920, age 58)
5487:20th-century heads of state of Afghanistan
4795:
4788:
4774:
4447:
4433:
4118:
4104:
2870:
1885:Son: Sardar Khalid Daoud (b. 1947, age 31)
1855:Daughter: Bibi Hila Umar (b. 1961, age 17)
1841:Sister: Bibi Aisha Daoud (b. 1920, age 58)
1618:Diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
1576:(ISI), had begun to engage in promoting a
1520:
617:(1877â1933; an older half-brother of King
467:
3546:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 8.
3273:MSc, Engineer Fazel Ahmed Afghan (2015).
2016:Learn how and when to remove this message
1866:Son: Sardar Wais Daoud (b. 1947, age 31)
1838:Wife: Bibi Zainab Daoud (b. 1917, age 61)
1782:
625:. His father was assassinated in 1933 in
511:from 1973 until his assassination in the
197:7 September 1953 â 10 March 1963
3827:
3711:"1978: Afghan coup rebels claim victory"
3620:
3398:
3346:
3344:
3316:
3314:
3241:
3239:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3149:
3121:
3119:
2614:
1805:
1765:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1701:
1227:
1015:Minister of Frontier and Tribal Affairs
926:
859:
572:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
499:from 1953 to 1963 and, as leader of the
3086:Says, Rahmat Hamid (15 February 2010).
2096:7. Torpekay Begum. Had three children:
2043:1. Zarlasht Daoud Khan (1953 â k. 1978)
1877:Son: Sardar Ares Daoud (b. 1973, age 5)
1193:
681:
14:
5464:
3962:
3935:
3908:
3882:
3593:
3543:Hamid Karzai: President of Afghanistan
3487:
3377:
3320:
3245:
3176:
3125:
2962:"A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan"
2915:
2853:
2851:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2712:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2244:
2134:
2130:
1538:Daoud hosted General Secretary of the
842:In 1964, King Zahir Shah introduced a
806:1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
406:AfghanistanâPakistan border skirmishes
4769:
4428:
4099:
3651:
3566:
3539:
3411:
3350:
3341:
3311:
3236:
3167:
3146:
3116:
3067:. Countrystudies.us. 6 September 1961
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2530:
2527:
2517:
2505:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2459:
2446:
2436:
2432:
2420:
2413:
2403:
2386:
2376:
2372:
2345:
2335:
2318:
2308:
2304:
2292:
2289:
2279:
2262:
2252:
2248:
2232:
2225:
2215:
2202:
2192:
2188:
2176:
2169:
2159:
2142:
2138:
1810:Tomb of Sardar Daoud Khan (July 2022)
866:National Iranian Radio and Television
152:17 July 1973 â 28 April 1978
86:17 July 1973 â 28 April 1978
3956:
3915:. Taylor & Francis. p. 75.
3789:
3614:
3249:Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan
3085:
3011:
2857:
1994:adding citations to reliable sources
1961:
1907:s Nushin Arbabzadeh. Then-President
1155:all banks in Afghanistan, including
712:With the creation of an independent
179:Sardar Prof. Abdul Khaliq Khan Telai
3272:
2989:Afghan Women: Identity and Invasion
2848:
2817:
1502:Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
1190:. These moves alerted the Soviets.
466:
24:
3751:"Body of Afghan leader identified"
3600:. Simon and Schuster. p. 70.
3438:
3371:
2697:
2063:Waygal Daoud Khan (1976 â k. 1978)
1763:during the coup by members of the
659:. From 1946 to 1948, he served as
657:Afghan tribal revolts of 1944â1947
396:Afghan tribal revolts of 1944â1947
277:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
25:
5583:
3987:
2906:Tomsen, Wars of Afghanistan,' 90.
2088:Ariane Heila Khanum Ghazi (1961â)
1759:Khan and most of his family were
586:he always carried. He received a
5572:Politicians assassinated in 1978
5517:Foreign ministers of Afghanistan
5512:Defence ministers of Afghanistan
5507:Deaths by firearm in Afghanistan
4703:
4666:
4613:
4548:
4464:
4382:
4346:
4315:
4280:
4237:
4175:
4140:
3494:. Hoover Press. pp. 63â64.
3378:Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1985).
3177:Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1985).
2120:Ancestors of Mohammad Daoud Khan
2060:Ares Daoud Khan (1973 â k. 1978)
1966:
1957:
1692:Communist coup and assassination
1210:one-party system of government.
356:
343:
56:
5567:20th-century Afghan politicians
5552:Assassinated presidents in Asia
3929:
3902:
3876:
3840:
3821:
3809:
3783:
3761:
3743:
3717:
3703:
3672:
3645:
3633:
3627:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3587:
3560:
3533:
3508:
3458:
3432:
3293:
3266:
3197:
3098:
3079:
3057:
3032:
3005:
2954:
2924:
2909:
2900:
2077:Ghazala Khanum (1964 â k. 1978)
1892:
433:1976 Afghan coup d'état attempt
5527:People murdered in Afghanistan
5522:Prime ministers of Afghanistan
5502:Leaders who took power by coup
5446:War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)
4456:Prime ministers of Afghanistan
3621:Synovitz, Ron (9 April 2008).
3357:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2987:Rostami-Povey, Elaheh (2007).
2799:
2781:
2759:
2733:
2671:
2653:
2631:University of California Press
2615:Mukerjee, Dilip (April 1975).
2608:
2584:
2447:13. Hamdan Sultana Begum (= 9)
2203:9. Hamdan Sultana Begum (= 13)
1079:Minister of Mines, Industries
13:
1:
4127:Heads of state of Afghanistan
4010:Prime Minister of Afghanistan
3818:PhD Thesis. Oxford University
2577:
1767:(PDPA). The coup climaxed in
1400:Minister of Mines, Industries
688:Prime Minister of Afghanistan
593:
546:, establishing an autocratic
522:and addressed by the prefix "
497:prime minister of Afghanistan
487:July 1909 – 28
423:1975 Panjshir Valley uprising
185:Prime Minister of Afghanistan
4064:as Chairman of the Presidium
3969:. Hoover Press. p. 39.
3796:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
3092:The Khaama Press News Agency
2936:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
2864:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty
2074:Hila Khanum (1961 â k. 1978)
1816:Murder of the Romanov family
1777:Radio Television Afghanistan
1624:AfghanistanâRussia relations
1555:North-West Frontier Province
1430:Minister of Higher Education
1224:
1200:National Revolutionary Party
923:
891:. The role of pro-communist
678:in Kabul from 1951 to 1953.
552:National Revolutionary Party
305:National Revolutionary Party
7:
5318:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4629:Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani
3652:Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988).
3567:Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988).
2111:
1754:Kabul International Airport
1706:Outside the front gates of
1574:Inter-Services Intelligence
10:
5588:
5451:War in North-West Pakistan
5411:Afghan War of Independence
4528:Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi
4517:Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
4323:Transitional Islamic State
3351:Emadi, Hafizullah (2001).
3246:Adamec, Ludwig W. (2012).
3018:. Routledge. p. 144.
2665:EEAS â European Commission
2366:
2238:
2132:
1695:
1621:
1524:
1488:Ministry without portfolio
1385:Minister of Communications
1355:Minister of Border Affairs
1125:Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
998:Minister of Communications
853:
685:
140:Head of House of Barakazai
5492:Presidents of Afghanistan
5331:
5278:
5258:
5234:
5221:
5148:
5063:
4990:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
4860:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
4842:
4804:
4739:
4701:
4664:
4611:
4546:
4462:
4411:
4380:
4344:
4313:
4278:
4235:
4173:
4138:
4076:
4054:
4044:
4026:
4016:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3690:HarperCollins, New York,
3367:– via Google Books.
3337:– via Google Books.
3289:– via Google Books.
3262:– via Google Books.
3193:– via Google Books.
3142:– via Google Books.
2769:. EncyclopÊdia Britannica
2511:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2453:
2434:
2426:
2397:
2374:
2370:
2329:
2306:
2298:
2273:
2250:
2246:
2209:
2190:
2182:
2153:
2136:
2091:Hawa Khanum Ghazi (1963â)
1614:problem with Ali Bhutto.
1341:Ministry of Public Works
883:, establishing instead a
850:President of the Republic
621:) and his wife, Khurshid
452:
388:
378:
370:
338:
333:
325:
310:
300:
292:
283:Manner of death
282:
265:
242:
237:
233:
221:
209:
201:
190:
183:
173:
156:
145:
138:
121:
104:
90:
79:
71:
67:
55:
46:
34:
5246:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
4048:President of Afghanistan
3963:Arnold, Anthony (1983).
3594:Pazira, Nelofer (2005).
3488:Arnold, Anthony (1985).
3204:Mukerjee, Dilip (1975).
3126:Arnold, Anthony (1985).
2886:. ABC-CLIO. p. 67.
2057:Turan Daoud Khan (1972â)
1567:Pakistani Prime Minister
1474:Ministry of Information
1419:Juma Muhammad Muhammadi
1415:Minister of Water, Power
1151:In 1975, his government
1112:Nazar Mohammad Sikandar
856:President of Afghanistan
704:, the completion of the
509:president of Afghanistan
74:President of Afghanistan
47:
5391:Second Anglo-Afghan War
5361:Third Battle of Panipat
5341:First Battle of Panipat
5251:People's Peace Movement
5135:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
3936:Sharma, Raghav (2016).
3412:Sirrs, Owen L. (2016).
3279:. Xlibris Corporation.
3012:Ayub, Mohammed (2014).
2604:– via HathiTrust.
2602:2027/mdp.39015073049606
1935:to higher posts in the
1800:, found near the body.
1521:Relations with Pakistan
1460:Minister of Agriculture
1093:Minister of Information
980:Minister of Agriculture
568:1978 Afghan coup d'état
557:Khan was known for his
544:Republic of Afghanistan
501:1973 Afghan coup d'état
418:1973 Afghan coup d'état
363:Republic of Afghanistan
5323:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
5130:Adam Khan and Durkhani
4656:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai
4258:Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
4215:Haji Mohammad Chamkani
3540:Wolny, Philip (2007).
3321:Tomsen, Peter (2013).
2916:Dupree, Louis (1980).
2713:Tomsen, Peter (2013).
2099:Shah Mahmud Khan Ghazi
1811:
1783:Body and state funeral
1715:
1653:
1647:
1331:Mohammad Khan Jalalar
1131:Minister of Interior,
985:Ghulam Jalani Bakhtari
946:Deputy Prime Minister
869:
835:. He was succeeded by
642:Kingdom of Afghanistan
604:Emirate of Afghanistan
507:, served as the first
350:Kingdom of Afghanistan
260:Emirate of Afghanistan
4639:Arsala Rahmani Daulat
4403:Hibatullah Akhundzada
4068:Revolutionary Council
1920:. His attempt at the
1809:
1705:
1696:Further information:
1678:Egyptian Armed Forces
1657:Sayed Makhdoom Raheen
1649:
1643:
1622:Further information:
1591:and the bombing of a
1525:Further information:
1434:Ghulam Siddiq Muhibi
1328:Minister of Commerce
1299:Minister of Education
1287:Abdul Qadir Nuristani
1228:Daoud cabinet (1977)
962:Minister of Education
950:Mohammad Hassan Sharq
927:Daoud cabinet (1973)
863:
854:Further information:
686:Further information:
428:1975 Laghman uprising
371:Years of service
132:Revolutionary Council
5542:Pashtun nationalists
5537:1970s in Afghanistan
5482:1978 murders in Asia
5098:northern Afghanistan
4910:Najib Khan Yousafzai
4598:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
4593:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
4588:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
4538:Mohammad Musa Shafiq
4490:Mohammad Hashim Khan
3909:Walter, Ben (2017).
3790:Siddique, Abubakar.
3088:"Mohammad Daud Khan"
2858:Siddique, Abubakar.
2767:"Mohammad Daud Khan"
2066:Zahra Khanum (1970â)
1990:improve this section
1798:King of Saudi Arabia
1789:Pul-e-Charkhi prison
1718:After the murder of
1543:Khan Abdul Wali Khan
1540:National Awami Party
1303:Ibrahim Majid Siraj
1282:Minister of Interior
1270:Ghulam Haidar Rasuli
1248:Minister of Planning
1194:Constitution of 1977
1176:Non-Aligned Movement
1032:Minister of Interior
864:Daoud Khan visiting
814:Non-Aligned Movement
682:Royal Prime Minister
631:Mohammad Hashim Khan
503:which overthrew the
401:1959 Mangal Uprising
318:(cousin), sister of
162:Mohammad Zahir Shah
130:(as chairman of the
5421:Waziristan campaign
5288:Pashtun nationalism
5015:Mohammad Najibullah
4651:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
4645:Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai
4634:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
4603:Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
4573:Nur Muhammad Taraki
4556:Democratic Republic
4507:Mohammad Daoud Khan
4264:Burhanuddin Rabbani
4221:Mohammad Najibullah
4200:Nur Muhammad Taraki
4183:Democratic Republic
4165:Mohammad Daoud Khan
4085:Mohammad Najibullah
4058:Nur Muhammad Taraki
4030:Mohammad Zahir Shah
3445:aviation-safety.net
3252:. Scarecrow Press.
2942:on 11 November 2018
2351:Mohammad Daoud Khan
2174:Mohammad Yusuf Khan
1937:Afghan Armed Forces
1929:Afghan Armed Forces
1728:Nur Muhammad Taraki
1680:. This angered the
1570:Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
1370:Minister of Justice
1314:Minister of Finance
1265:Minister of Defence
1157:Da Afghanistan Bank
1065:Minister of Justice
1050:Minister of Finance
967:Niamatullah Pazhwak
833:Pashtun nationalism
692:Khan was appointed
676:Afghan Armed Forces
648:from 1935 to 1938.
619:Mohammad Nadir Shah
532:Mohammad Zahir Shah
520:Afghan royal family
491:April 1978) was an
459:Mohammad Daoud Khan
205:Mohammad Zahir Shah
128:Colonel Abdul Qadir
111:Mohammad Zahir Shah
41:Mohammad Daoud Khan
18:Mohammed Daoud Khan
5366:Battle of Nowshera
5356:Battle of Gulnabad
5259:Religious-military
5193:Ahmad Shah Durrani
4930:Malalai of Maiwand
4915:Dost Mohammad Khan
4905:Ahmad Shah Durrani
4885:Aimal Khan Mohmand
4880:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
4081:Title next held by
3995:Political offices
3834:The New York Times
3757:. 4 December 2008.
3520:www.britannica.com
3470:The New York Times
3232:– via JSTOR.
2813:. 1 February 2009.
2811:The New York Times
2793:The New York Times
2418:Mohammad Asif Khan
2323:Mohammad Umar Khan
2319:11. a daughter of
2230:Mohammad Aziz Khan
2105:Zahra Khanum Ghazi
2082:5. Dorkhanai Begum
1939:. In 1963, Afghan
1812:
1716:
1559:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1477:Abdul Rahim Navin
1445:Minister of Health
1404:Abdul Tawab Asefi
1389:Abdul Karim Atayi
1374:Wafiyullah Sami'i
1142:Mohammed Asif Safi
1108:Minister of Health
1097:Abdul Rahim Nawin
1003:Abdul Hamid Mohtat
875:coup was bloodless
870:
745:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
615:Mohammad Aziz Khan
5532:People from Kabul
5459:
5458:
5441:SovietâAfghan War
5426:Second Waziristan
5406:Siege of Malakand
5396:Battle of Maiwand
5298:Afghan (ethnonym)
5274:
5273:
5241:Khudai Khidmatgar
5010:Abdul Ahad Momand
4940:Abdur Rahman Khan
4925:Victor of Maiwand
4890:Darya Khan Afridi
4763:
4762:
4422:
4421:
4226:Abdul Rahim Hatif
4094:
4093:
4072:
4055:Succeeded by
4042:
4017:Succeeded by
3665:978-0-08-034701-1
3580:978-0-08-034701-1
3553:978-1-4042-1902-1
3501:978-0-8179-8213-3
3425:978-1-317-19608-2
3327:. PublicAffairs.
3110:countrystudies.us
2998:978-1-84277-856-2
2893:978-1-85109-402-8
2747:on 30 August 2021
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2528:7. Murwarid Begum
2147:Yahya Khan (= 12)
2026:
2025:
2018:
1824:Darul Aman Palace
1514:
1513:
1464:Azizullah Wasefi
1344:Ghausuddin Fayeq
1253:Ali Ahmad Khurram
1182:, Khan said that
1121:
1120:
1019:Pacha Gul Wafadar
868:in Iran, c. 1974.
749:Khudai Khidmatgar
665:Interior Minister
646:Kandahar Province
598:Khan was born in
456:
455:
296:near Taj Beg hill
169:
16:(Redirected from
5579:
5547:Barakzai dynasty
5431:Mohmand campaign
5416:Afghan Civil War
5381:First Afghan War
5371:Battle of Jamrud
5346:Battle of Chausa
5308:Bannu Resolution
5235:Citizens' groups
5232:
5231:
5183:Abdul Hamid Baba
5105:Pashtun clothing
5050:Manzoor Pashteen
5045:Malala Yousafzai
4920:Wazir Akbar Khan
4834:Barakzai dynasty
4790:
4783:
4776:
4767:
4766:
4717:
4716:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4687:Mohammad Rabbani
4680:
4679:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4566:
4565:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4502:Shah Mahmud Khan
4470:
4468:
4467:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4426:
4425:
4396:
4395:
4394:(Supreme Leader)
4388:
4386:
4385:
4360:
4359:
4354:Islamic Republic
4352:
4350:
4349:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4298:
4297:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4158:
4157:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4089:
4061:
4033:
4027:Preceded by
4003:Shah Mahmud Khan
4000:Preceded by
3992:
3991:
3981:
3980:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3485:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3409:
3396:
3395:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3163:. 21 March 2009.
3153:
3144:
3143:
3132:. Hoover Press.
3123:
3114:
3113:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2938:. Archived from
2928:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2795:. 18 March 2009.
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:. Archived from
2737:
2731:
2730:
2710:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2588:
2391:Yahya Khan (= 8)
2290:5. Mastura Begum
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2049:Tariq Daoud Khan
2021:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1970:
1962:
1722:, the prominent
1720:Mir Akbar Khyber
1660:
1580:in Afghanistan.
1318:Sayyid Abdullah
1225:
1174:. Regarding the
1159:, Afghanistan's
924:
887:with himself as
844:new constitution
698:Shah Mahmud Khan
661:Defense Minister
548:one-party system
528:military officer
490:
486:
470:
469:
361:
360:
348:
347:
334:Military service
272:
252:
250:
238:Personal details
224:
216:Shah Mahmud Khan
212:
195:
176:
163:
159:
150:
124:
107:
95:
84:
60:
50:
32:
31:
21:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5333:
5327:
5280:
5270:
5254:
5230:
5217:
5173:Khushal Khattak
5144:
5078:Pashtun cuisine
5073:Pashtun culture
5059:
4850:Alauddin Khilji
4838:
4829:Durrani dynasty
4800:
4799:-related topics
4794:
4764:
4759:
4735:
4714:
4713:
4711:Islamic Emirate
4704:
4702:
4697:
4677:
4676:
4674:Islamic Emirate
4667:
4665:
4660:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4578:Hafizullah Amin
4559:
4558:
4549:
4547:
4542:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4423:
4418:
4407:
4393:
4392:
4390:Islamic Emirate
4383:
4381:
4376:
4357:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4326:
4325:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4291:
4290:
4288:Islamic Emirate
4281:
4279:
4274:
4248:
4247:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4205:Hafizullah Amin
4186:
4185:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4151:
4150:
4148:Afghan Republic
4141:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4087:
4082:
4065:
4060:
4051:
4032:
4022:
4013:
4005:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3881:
3877:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3684:Bagram air base
3677:
3673:
3666:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3486:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3439:Ranter, Harro.
3437:
3433:
3426:
3410:
3399:
3392:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3319:
3312:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3244:
3237:
3222:10.2307/2643235
3202:
3198:
3191:
3175:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3124:
3117:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2878:
2871:
2856:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2836:. 17 March 2009
2828:
2827:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2719:. Hachette UK.
2711:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2685:. 21 March 2009
2677:
2676:
2672:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2639:10.2307/2643235
2613:
2609:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2114:
2102:Daud Khan Ghazi
2022:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1987:
1971:
1960:
1895:
1785:
1732:Hafizullah Amin
1714:(28 April 1978)
1712:Saur Revolution
1700:
1698:Saur Revolution
1694:
1662:
1655:
1630:Leonid Brezhnev
1626:
1620:
1600:Panjshir valley
1553:of/in the then-
1529:
1523:
1505:Wahid Abdullah
1196:
1044:September 1975
992:September 1975
858:
852:
821:autocratic rule
802:light artillery
690:
684:
596:
559:autocratic rule
513:Saur Revolution
488:
484:
448:
438:Saur Revolution
411:Bajaur Campaign
365:
355:
354:
352:
342:
320:King Zahir Shah
301:Political party
274:
270:
254:
248:
246:
222:
210:
196:
191:
174:
157:
151:
146:
122:
105:
99:Sayyid Abdullah
91:
85:
80:
63:
51:
48:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5585:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5436:Tribal revolts
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:Tirah campaign
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:Malandari Pass
5348:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Amir Kror Suri
5154:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5120:Pashtun tribes
5117:
5115:Pashto singers
5112:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5093:Pashtunization
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:Amanullah Khan
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4756:prime minister
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4718:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4522:Abdullah Yaqta
4519:
4514:
4512:Mohammad Yusuf
4509:
4504:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4294:Supreme Leader
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4056:
4053:
4043:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4020:Mohammad Yusuf
4018:
4015:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3988:External links
3986:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3955:
3948:
3928:
3921:
3901:
3889:The Globe Post
3875:
3839:
3820:
3808:
3782:
3760:
3742:
3731:. 5 March 2015
3716:
3702:
3680:Aslam Watanjar
3671:
3664:
3644:
3632:
3613:
3606:
3586:
3579:
3559:
3552:
3532:
3507:
3500:
3475:
3472:. 7 July 1975.
3457:
3431:
3424:
3397:
3390:
3370:
3364:978-0275973650
3363:
3340:
3334:978-1610394123
3333:
3310:
3305:AfghanMagazine
3292:
3286:978-1503573000
3285:
3265:
3259:978-0810878150
3258:
3235:
3216:(4): 301â312.
3196:
3189:
3166:
3145:
3139:978-0817982133
3138:
3115:
3097:
3078:
3056:
3031:
3025:978-1317811282
3024:
3004:
2997:
2979:
2953:
2923:
2908:
2899:
2892:
2869:
2847:
2816:
2798:
2780:
2758:
2732:
2726:978-1610394123
2725:
2696:
2670:
2652:
2607:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2024:
2023:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1922:Pashtunisation
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1784:
1781:
1693:
1690:
1648:
1619:
1616:
1572:, through its
1551:Bhutto's party
1522:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:13 March 1977
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:13 March 1977
1493:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:13 March 1977
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:13 March 1977
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:13 March 1977
1450:
1449:Abdullah Omar
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:13 March 1977
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:13 March 1977
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:13 March 1977
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:13 March 1977
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:13 March 1977
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:13 March 1977
1360:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:13 March 1977
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:13 March 1977
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:13 March 1977
1319:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:13 March 1977
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:13 March 1977
1289:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:13 March 1977
1272:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:13 March 1977
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1195:
1192:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:2 August 1973
1113:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:2 August 1973
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:2 August 1973
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:2 August 1973
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:2 August 1973
1055:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:2 August 1973
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:2 August 1973
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:2 August 1973
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:2 August 1973
987:
982:
976:
975:
974:December 1974
972:
971:2 August 1973
969:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:2 August 1973
952:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
851:
848:
837:Mohammad Yusuf
778:Kunar province
763:In 1960, Khan
722:Pashtun people
706:Helmand Valley
694:prime minister
683:
680:
595:
592:
518:Born into the
454:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
414:
413:
403:
398:
392:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
340:
336:
335:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
273:(aged 68)
267:
263:
262:
244:
240:
239:
235:
234:
231:
230:
228:Mohammad Yusuf
225:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
188:
187:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
160:
154:
153:
143:
142:
136:
135:
125:
119:
118:
108:
102:
101:
96:
93:Vice President
88:
87:
77:
76:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
40:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5584:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:controversies
5277:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:Ajmal Khattak
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5188:Hussain Hotak
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5040:Malalai Kakar
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:Mohammed Omar
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:Mulla Powinda
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:Mirwais Hotak
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Sher Shah Sur
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Hotak dynasty
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4712:
4700:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4675:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4621:Islamic State
4610:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:Babrak Karmal
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:Amanat Lewana
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4391:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4355:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4324:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4277:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4246:
4245:Islamic State
4234:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Babrak Karmal
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3998:
3993:
3978:
3976:9780817977931
3972:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3949:9781317090137
3945:
3942:. Routledge.
3941:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3922:9781317265207
3918:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3865:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3699:0-06-050507-9
3696:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3607:0-7432-9000-3
3603:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3427:
3421:
3418:. Routledge.
3417:
3416:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3066:
3060:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2994:
2991:. Zed Books.
2990:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2852:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2768:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:Abdullah Khan
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2009:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1975:This section
1973:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1958:Personal life
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1736:Babrak Karmal
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:Bajaur agency
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:Hayat Sherpao
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:Ajmal Khattak
1544:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1518:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:Abdul Qayyum
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:United States
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1133:Faiz Mohammad
1130:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:Abdul Qayyum
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Faiz Mohammad
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
945:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
925:
922:
920:
914:
912:
911:non-alignment
907:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
867:
862:
857:
847:
845:
840:
838:
834:
828:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
770:
769:Bajaur Agency
766:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
689:
679:
677:
673:
672:Central Corps
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
605:
601:
591:
589:
588:state funeral
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
482:
478:
474:
468:Ù
ØÙ
د داÙد خاÙ
464:
460:
451:
445:
444:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
412:
409:
408:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
391:
387:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
359:
351:
346:
341:
337:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
295:
293:Resting place
291:
288:
287:Assassination
285:
281:
278:
269:28 April 1978
268:
264:
261:
257:
245:
241:
236:
232:
229:
226:
220:
217:
214:
208:
204:
200:
194:
189:
186:
182:
178:
172:
167:
161:
155:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
120:
116:
112:
109:
103:
100:
97:
94:
89:
83:
78:
75:
70:
66:
62:Daoud in 1975
59:
54:
49:Ù
ØÙ
د داÙد خاÙ
45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5313:Kalabagh Dam
5293:Pashtunistan
5110:Pashto media
5030:Ashraf Ghani
5025:Hamid Karzai
4985:Faqir of Ipi
4975:Sartor Faqir
4950:Soraya Tarzi
4945:Mahmud Tarzi
4900:Mahmud Hotak
4865:Ibrahim Lodi
4819:Suri dynasty
4814:Lodi dynasty
4749:indicates a
4746:
4724:Hasan Akhund
4715:(since 2021)
4506:
4494:
4372:Ashraf Ghani
4367:Hamid Karzai
4336:Hamid Karzai
4269:Hamid Karzai
4164:
4083:
4077:
4063:
4062:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4008:
3965:
3958:
3938:
3931:
3911:
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3888:
3878:
3852:. Retrieved
3842:
3833:
3823:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3785:
3774:, retrieved
3769:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3705:
3687:
3674:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3626:
3616:
3596:
3589:
3569:
3562:
3542:
3535:
3523:. Retrieved
3519:
3510:
3490:
3469:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:
3434:
3414:
3380:
3373:
3353:
3323:
3304:
3295:
3275:
3268:
3248:
3213:
3210:Asian Survey
3209:
3199:
3179:
3161:the Guardian
3160:
3128:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3043:
3034:
3014:
3007:
2988:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2968:. 4 May 2011
2966:PBS NewsHour
2965:
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2935:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2902:
2882:
2863:
2838:. Retrieved
2833:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:the original
2735:
2715:
2687:. Retrieved
2683:the Guardian
2682:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2626:
2622:Asian Survey
2620:
2610:
2592:
2586:
2470:3. Khurshid
2415:
2388:
2348:
2347:
2320:
2264:
2227:
2171:
2144:
2033:Zamina Begum
2027:
2012:
2003:
1988:Please help
1976:
1949:
1926:
1914:
1909:Hamid Karzai
1903:The Guardian
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:Public image
1813:
1802:
1786:
1761:assassinated
1758:
1747:
1740:
1717:
1682:Soviet Union
1666:Saudi Arabia
1663:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1627:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1586:
1582:
1537:
1533:Pashtunistan
1530:
1515:
1492:Abdul Majid
1242:Left office
1239:Took office
1212:
1208:presidential
1197:
1188:Shah of Iran
1165:
1161:central bank
1153:nationalized
1150:
1146:
1137:Louis Dupree
1122:
1069:Abdul Majid
941:Left office
938:Took office
915:
908:
901:
896:
878:
871:
841:
829:
818:
782:
762:
747:(founder of
743:
711:
702:Soviet Union
691:
669:
650:
636:Educated in
635:
597:
584:Saudi Arabia
556:
517:
480:
476:
458:
457:
442:
389:Battles/wars
316:Zamina Begum
271:(1978-04-28)
253:18 July 1909
223:Succeeded by
192:
175:Succeeded by
147:
123:Succeeded by
81:
29:
5477:1978 deaths
5472:1909 births
5386:Ambela Pass
5332:Battles and
5303:Durand Line
5208:Kabir Stori
5168:Rahman Baba
5083:Pashtunwali
5035:Arfa Siddiq
4855:Bahlul Lodi
4843:Key figures
4730:Abdul Kabir
4692:Abdul Kabir
4678:(1996â2001)
4533:Abdul Zahir
4358:(President)
4327:(President)
4305:Mullah Omar
4249:(President)
3801:19 December
3776:19 December
3729:Dailymotion
3525:28 December
3450:28 December
3044:India Today
2918:Afghanistan
2633:: 301â312.
1793:District 12
1750:coup d'état
1527:Durand Line
1054:Abdulillah
1026:April 1974
1010:April 1974
899:" by some.
774:F-86 Sabres
765:sent troops
718:Durand Line
655:during the
580:King Khalid
540:Afghan Army
481:Dawood Khan
366:(1973â1978)
353:(1939â1973)
211:Preceded by
158:Preceded by
106:Preceded by
5466:Categories
5279:Topics and
5213:Ghani Khan
5198:Hamza Baba
5178:Nazo Tokhi
5163:Pir Roshan
5125:Loya jirga
5005:Daoud Khan
5000:Zahir Shah
4970:Bacha Khan
4960:Nadir Shah
4935:Saidu Baba
4485:Shir Giyan
4480:Shir Ahmad
4131:since 1973
4052:1973â1978
4014:1953â1963
3854:7 December
3391:9004071288
3190:9004071288
3049:13 January
2972:12 January
2946:12 January
2689:17 January
2578:References
2037:King Zahir
1820:Bolsheviks
1724:Parchamite
1561:in 2010),
1236:Incumbent
1204:loya jirga
1178:summit in
1129:Parchamite
935:Incumbent
904:loya jirga
897:Red Prince
893:Parchamite
825:Zahir Shah
594:Early life
578:gifted by
563:communists
550:under his
339:Allegiance
249:1909-07-18
5376:Herat War
5334:conflicts
5055:Ali Wazir
4995:Wali Khan
4980:Umra Khan
4870:Gaju Khan
4806:Dynasties
4751:localized
4154:President
3384:. BRILL.
3183:. Brill.
2006:July 2020
1977:does not
1826:, Kabul:
1633:parties,
1628:Khan met
1578:proxy war
1557:(renamed
889:president
790:airplanes
606:, into a
536:overthrew
477:Daud Khan
473:romanized
374:1939â1978
314:Princess
311:Spouse(s)
193:In office
148:In office
82:In office
4743:* Acting
4562:Chairman
4415:* Acting
4189:Chairman
3864:cite web
3755:BBC News
2834:BBC News
2596:. 2003.
2112:Ancestry
2030:Princess
1952:Panjshir
1933:Pashtuns
1918:Pashtuns
1684:because
885:republic
831:sake of
810:Belgrade
758:Pakistan
754:Pashtuns
726:Pakistan
714:Pakistan
608:Barakzai
505:monarchy
326:Children
72:1st
5266:Taliban
5065:Culture
4797:Pashtun
4747:Italics
4472:Kingdom
4066:of the
3894:1 March
3735:1 April
3230:2643235
3071:29 July
2840:29 July
2647:2643235
1998:removed
1983:sources
1818:by the
1769:the Arg
1708:the Arg
1659:in 2003
1635:Parcham
1233:Office
932:Office
674:of the
663:, then
611:Pashtun
471:; also
383:General
275:Kabul,
202:Monarch
5222:Groups
5088:Pashto
4708:
4671:
4618:
4553:
4469:
4387:
4351:
4320:
4285:
4242:
4180:
4145:
4088:(1987)
4078:Vacant
3973:
3946:
3919:
3697:
3662:
3604:
3577:
3550:
3498:
3422:
3388:
3361:
3331:
3283:
3256:
3228:
3187:
3136:
3022:
2995:
2890:
2773:15 May
2751:21 May
2723:
2645:
2416:Sardar
2389:Sardar
2349:Sardar
2321:Sardar
2265:Sardar
2228:Sardar
2172:Sardar
2145:Sardar
1945:Tajiks
1941:Uzbeks
1773:Khalqi
1611:Jilani
1216:Moscow
1180:Havana
737:, and
731:Hazara
638:France
627:Berlin
524:Sardar
493:Afghan
489:
485:
463:Pashto
440:
37:Sardar
5150:Poets
5140:Jirga
4754:rebel
3692:p. 88
3226:JSTOR
2643:JSTOR
2629:(4).
2472:Begum
1686:Egypt
1674:Egypt
1639:Khalq
1172:India
1168:Egypt
798:heavy
794:tanks
739:Uzbek
735:Tajik
623:Begum
600:Kabul
576:Quran
256:Kabul
4046:1st
4038:King
3971:ISBN
3944:ISBN
3917:ISBN
3896:2019
3870:link
3856:2017
3803:2023
3778:2023
3737:2024
3695:ISBN
3660:ISBN
3602:ISBN
3575:ISBN
3548:ISBN
3527:2021
3496:ISBN
3452:2021
3420:ISBN
3386:ISBN
3359:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3185:ISBN
3134:ISBN
3073:2013
3051:2014
3020:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2974:2019
2948:2019
2888:ISBN
2842:2013
2775:2020
2753:2020
2721:ISBN
2691:2023
2387:12.
2263:10.
1981:any
1979:cite
1927:The
1743:USSR
1734:and
1670:Iran
1668:and
1637:and
1184:Cuba
919:PDPA
880:Shah
800:and
786:USSR
653:Safi
483:; 18
379:Rank
266:Died
243:Born
166:King
164:(as
115:King
113:(as
4036:as
3218:doi
2635:doi
2598:hdl
2414:6.
2346:1.
2226:2.
2170:4.
2143:8.
1992:by
1593:PIA
808:in
756:in
582:of
479:or
475:as
5468::
3887:.
3866:}}
3862:{{
3832:.
3794:.
3753:.
3727:.
3625:.
3518:.
3478:^
3468:.
3443:.
3400:^
3343:^
3313:^
3303:.
3238:^
3224:.
3214:15
3212:.
3208:.
3169:^
3159:.
3148:^
3118:^
3108:.
3090:.
3042:.
2964:.
2934:.
2872:^
2862:.
2850:^
2832:.
2819:^
2809:.
2791:.
2699:^
2681:.
2663:.
2641:.
2627:15
2625:.
2619:.
1791:,
1779:.
1738:.
1730:,
1545:,
1163:.
839:.
816:.
796:,
792:,
760:.
733:,
602:,
590:.
554:.
515:.
465::
258:,
4789:e
4782:t
4775:v
4732:*
4726:*
4694:*
4647:*
4641:*
4564:)
4560:(
4524:*
4448:e
4441:t
4434:v
4296:)
4292:(
4271:*
4260:*
4228:*
4217:*
4191:)
4187:(
4156:)
4152:(
4133:)
4129:(
4119:e
4112:t
4105:v
3979:.
3952:.
3925:.
3898:.
3872:)
3858:.
3836:.
3805:.
3739:.
3668:.
3629:.
3610:.
3583:.
3556:.
3529:.
3504:.
3454:.
3428:.
3394:.
3307:.
3220::
3112:.
3094:.
3075:.
3053:.
3028:.
3001:.
2976:.
2950:.
2896:.
2866:.
2844:.
2777:.
2755:.
2729:.
2693:.
2667:.
2649:.
2637::
2600::
2019:)
2013:(
2008:)
2004:(
2000:.
1986:.
1905:'
461:(
443:X
329:7
251:)
247:(
168:)
134:)
117:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
