Modest Mussorgsky - Knowledge

1543:'s employee, the Latvian Krisjanis Valdemar, in the article "Who rules Russia: the Russians themselves or the Germans?" collected the statistics: "Among ministers – 15% are Germans, among members of the State Council – 25%, among senators – 40%, generals – 50%, governors – 60%. And since the governors run Russia, this will be the answer to the question posed. Since all the Empresses are German, it is natural that under their protection the Germans infiltrate into the higher administration. Katkov, having read the article with amazement, did not believe in the numbers. And he told the secretary to check it. The results of the check were even more striking: there were not 40 but 63% of German senators! But Katkov published Valdemar's article, replacing only the words about Empresses with 'high officials'". 7215: 108: 867: 682: 184: 1095: 890: 626: 773:), with his priority being to render into music the natural accents and patterns of the play's naturalistic and deliberately humdrum dialogue. This work marked an extreme position in Mussorgsky's pursuit of naturalistic word-setting: he abandoned it unorchestrated after reaching the end of his 'Act 1', and though its characteristically 'Mussorgskyian' declamation is to be heard in all his later vocal music, the naturalistic mode of vocal writing more and more became merely one expressive element among many. 667:"Real life" affected Mussorgsky painfully in 1865, when his mother died; at this point, the composer had his first serious bout of alcoholism, which forced him to leave the commune to stay with his brother. The 26-year-old was, however, on the point of writing his first realistic songs (including "Hopak" and "Darling Savishna", both of them composed in 1866 and among his first "real" publications the following year). The year 1867 was also the one in which he finished the original orchestral version of his 63: 357: 176: 6676: 4228: 3126: 743: 619:, known for the bold assertion that, in art, "form and content are opposites". Under such influences he came more and more to embrace the idea of artistic realism and all that it entailed, whether this concerned the responsibility to depict life "as it is truly lived"; the preoccupation with the lower strata of society; or the rejection of repeating, symmetrical musical forms as insufficiently true to the unrepeating, unpredictable course of "real life". 4238: 1526:). Irina was an unordinary woman, the best dancer-singer in the estate. Her strong character had promoted her to a 'manager of all keys' position and status of the estate owner's legitimate wife. Unfortunately, Peter's original illegitimate status (his date of birth is lost, legitimized 9 May 1820, died in 1854) was considered a disgrace which had prevented him from making a successful military career according to the Mussorgsky family tradition. 573: 478: 1000: 3136: 7203: 7179: 7167: 615:– on which he worked between 1863 and 1866 before losing interest in the project. During this period, he returned to Saint Petersburg and supported himself as a low-grade civil servant while living in a six-man "commune". In a heady artistic and intellectual atmosphere, he read and discussed a wide range of modern artistic and scientific ideas – including those of the provocative writer 2834: 7227: 1295:, initially registered strongly negative impressions of the composer. Stasov wrote to Balakirev, in an 1863 letter, "I have no use for Mussorgsky. His views may tally with mine, but I have never heard him express an intelligent idea. All in him is flabby, dull. He is, it seems to me, a thorough idiot", and Balakirev agreed: "Yes, Mussorgsky is little short of an idiot." 7191: 428:

institute and its director, a General Sutgof. All agreed the Cadet School could be a brutal place, especially for new recruits. More tellingly for Mussorgsky, it was likely where he began his eventual path to alcoholism. According to a former student, singer and composer Nikolai Kompaneisky, Sutgof "was proud when a cadet returned from leave drunk with champagne."

1112: 1020:. His civil service career was made more precarious by his frequent 'illnesses' and absences, and he was fortunate to obtain a transfer to a post (in the Office of Government Control) where his music-loving superior treated him with great leniency – even allowing him to spend three months touring twelve cities as a singer's accompanist in 1879. 1372:, a musicologist, and an authority on Mussorgsky: "As a musical translator of words and all that can be expressed in words, of psychological states, and even physical movement, he is unsurpassed; as an absolute musician he was hopelessly limited, with remarkably little ability to construct pure music or even a purely musical texture." 2520: 792:' role. Mussorgsky set to work producing a revised and enlarged 'second version'. During the next year, which he spent sharing rooms with Rimsky-Korsakov, he made changes that went beyond those requested by the theatre. In this version the opera was accepted, probably in May 1872, and three excerpts were staged at the 1349:

Mussorgsky you very rightly call a hopeless case. In talent he is perhaps superior to all the , but his nature is narrow-minded, devoid of any urge towards self-perfection, blindly believing in the ridiculous theories of his circle and in his own genius. In addition, he has a certain base side to his

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The addition of the "g" and the accompanying shift in stress to the second syllable (i.e., Mu-SÓRK-skiy), sometimes described as a Polish variant, was supported by Filaret Mussorgsky's descendants until his line ended in the 20th century. Their example was followed by many influential Russians, such

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His little uniform was spic and span, close-fitting, his feet turned outwards, his hair smoothed down and greased, his nails perfectly cut, his hands well groomed like a lord's. His manners were elegant, aristocratic: his speech likewise, delivered through somewhat clenched teeth, interspersed with

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In the years that followed, Mussorgsky's decline became increasingly steep. Although now part of a new circle of eminent personages that included singers, medical men and actors, he was increasingly unable to resist drinking, and a succession of deaths among his closest associates caused him great

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was considered to be almost obligatory for a writer of that period. It was a showing off, a 'pose,' for the best people of the sixties." Another writes, "Talented people in Russia who love the simple folk cannot but drink." Mussorgsky spent day and night in a Saint Petersburg tavern of low repute,

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Mussorgsky's career as a civil servant was by no means stable or secure: though he was assigned to various posts and even received a promotion in these early years, in 1867 he was declared 'supernumerary' – remaining 'in service', but receiving no wages. Decisive developments were occurring in his

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for piano solo (revised and orchestrated in 1867). The latter was the only important piece he composed between December 1860 and August 1863: the reasons for this probably lie in the painful re-emergence of his subjective crisis in 1860 and the purely objective difficulties which resulted from the

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In 1858, within a few months of beginning his studies with Balakirev, Mussorgsky resigned his commission to devote himself entirely to music. He also suffered a painful crisis at this time. This may have had a spiritual component (in a letter to Balakirev the young man referred to "mysticism and

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Mussorgsky's parents planned the move to Saint Petersburg so that both their sons would renew the family tradition of military service. To this end, Mussorgsky entered the Cadet School of the Guards at age 13. Sharp controversy had arisen over the educational attitudes at the time of both this

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While Mussorgsky suffered personally from alcoholism, it was also a behavior pattern considered typical for those of Mussorgsky's generation who wanted to oppose the establishment and protest through extreme forms of behavior. One contemporary notes, "an intense worship of

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For many years, Mussorgsky's works were mainly known in versions revised or completed by other composers. Many of his most important compositions have posthumously come into their own in their original forms, and some of the original scores are now also available.

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Music remained important to him, however. Sutgof's daughter was also a pupil of Gerke, and Mussorgsky was allowed to attend lessons with her. His skills as a pianist made him much in demand by fellow-cadets; for them he would play dances interspersed with his own

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nature which likes coarseness, uncouthness, roughness. He flaunts his illiteracy, takes pride in his ignorance, mucks along anyhow, blindly believing in the infallibility of his genius. Yet he has flashes of talent which are, moreover, not devoid of originality.

1104: 644: 249:) to the end of his life, but occasionally reverted to the earlier "Musorskiy". The addition of the "g" to the name was likely initiated by the composer's elder brother Filaret to obscure the resemblance of the name's root to an unsavory Russian word: 109: 788:'s history. He completed the large-scale score the following year while living with friends and working for the Forestry Department. In 1871, however, the finished opera was rejected for theatrical performance, apparently because of its lack of any ' 2311: 1113: 400:

that could be sold without land in his grandfather's estate. At age six, Mussorgsky began receiving piano lessons from his mother, herself a trained pianist. His progress was sufficiently rapid that three years later he was able to perform a

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Modest Mussorgsky's father Peter was eventually adopted by his biological father Alexei, Mussorgsky's grandfather, after the official marriage of Alexei and his domestic serf Irina following her emancipation (it was long time before the

528:, and others), analyzing the form." Up to this point Mussorgsky had known nothing but piano music; his knowledge of more radical recent music was virtually non-existent. Balakirev started filling these gaps in Mussorgsky's knowledge. 859:) had moved away to get married. Mussorgsky engaged a new and prominent personal private physician about 1870, Dr. George Leon Carrick, sometime Secretary and later President of the St. Petersburg Physicians' Society and a cousin of 508:. Balakirev had an especially strong impact. Within days he took it upon himself to help shape Mussorgsky's fate as a composer. He recalled to Stasov, "Because I am not a theorist, I could not teach him harmony (as, for instance 947: 929: 911: 1858: 1337:

remarked: "It is easy enough to correct Mussorgsky's irregularities. The only trouble is that when this is done, the character and originality of the music are done away with, and the composer's individuality vanishes."

839:, "he Mighty Handful has degenerated into soulless traitors." In drifting away from his old friends, Mussorgsky had been seen to fall victim to 'fits of madness' that could well have been alcoholism-related. His friend 1471: 605:

the following year – as a result of which the family was deprived of half its estate, and Mussorgsky had to spend a good deal of time in Karevo unsuccessfully attempting to stave off their looming impoverishment.

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of orchestral things... what was needed at the moment was an edition for performance, for practical artistic aims, for familiarization with his enormous talent, not for the study of his personality and artistic

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In Mussorgsky family documents, the spelling of the name varies: "Musarskiy", "Muserskiy", "Muserskoy", "Musirskoy", "Musorskiy", and "Musurskiy". The baptismal record gives the composer's name as "Muserskiy".

1306:, colleagues of Mussorgsky who, unlike him, made their living as composers. Both praised his talent while expressing disappointment with his technique. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote that Mussorgsky's scores included: 642: 1023:

The decline could not be halted, however. In 1880 he was finally dismissed from government service. Aware of his destitution, one group of friends organised a stipend designed to support the completion of

461:. His politeness and good manners were exceptional. The ladies made a fuss of him. He sat at the piano and, throwing up his hands coquettishly, played with extreme sweetness and grace (etc) extracts from 419: 1368:, "Mussorgsky, in his vocal efforts, appears wilfully eccentric. His style impresses the Western ear as barbarously ugly." However, after the premiere, views on Mussorgsky's music changed drastically. 2669:, edited by Nadezhda Nikolaevna Rimskaia-Korsakova, translated from the second Russian edition by Judah A. Joffe and edited with an introduction by Carl Van Vechten. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1923. 757:, according to whom "the highest natural object of musical imitation is emotion, and the method of imitating emotion is to mimic speech"), Mussorgsky in 1868 rapidly set the first eleven scenes of 532:

cynical thoughts about the Deity"), but its exact nature will probably never be known. In 1859, the 20-year-old gained valuable theatrical experience by assisting in a production of Glinka's opera

436:. In 1856 Mussorgsky – who had developed a strong interest in history and studied German philosophy – graduated from the Cadet School. Following family tradition he received a commission with the 3072: 643: 1875: 1169:

re-orchestrated the opera in 1896 and revised it in 1908. The opera has also been revised by other composers, notably Shostakovich, who made two versions, one for film and one for stage.

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From this peak, a pattern of decline became increasingly apparent. At this point, the Balakirev circle was disintegrating, something Mussorgsky was especially bitter about. He wrote to

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text that he declared would be set "just as it stands, so that the inner truth of the text should not be distorted", and in a manner that abolished the 'unrealistic' division between

2515: 305:, who, perhaps dismayed that the great composer's name was "reminiscent of garbage", supported the erroneous second-syllable stress that has also become entrenched in the West. 2300: 704:, English: 'The Five') of Russian composers loosely grouped around Balakirev, Mussorgsky was by then ceasing to seek Balakirev's approval and was moving closer to the older 2292: 2163: 883:

the Maly Yaroslavets, accompanied by other bohemian dropouts. He and his fellow drinkers idealized their alcoholism, perhaps seeing it as ethical and aesthetic opposition.

1853: 1428: 1165:. Mussorgsky thus edited the work, making a final version in 1874. The early version is considered darker and more concise than the later version, but also more crude. 3139: 6362: 1051:

painted the famous red-nosed portrait in what were to be the last days of the composer's life: a week after his 42nd birthday, he was dead. He was interred at the

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during this period. Though he found a comfortable room in a good hospital – and for several weeks even appeared to be rallying – the situation was hopeless.

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Despite this epiphany, Mussorgsky's music leaned more toward foreign models; a four-hand piano sonata that he produced in 1860 contains his only movement in

1870: 2305: 7322: 4681: 2951: 635: 539: 557:) and enjoyed a formative visit to Moscow – after which he professed love of "everything Russian". Mussorgsky and his brother were also inspired by the 4671: 1016:

pain. At times, however, his alcoholism would seem to be in check, and among the most powerful works composed during his last six years are the four

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Contemporary opinions of Mussorgsky as a composer and person varied from positive to ambiguous to negative. Mussorgsky's eventual supporters,

6712: 2061: 493:. Dargomyzhsky was impressed with Mussorgsky's pianism. As a result, Mussorgsky became a fixture at Dargomyzhsky's soirées. There, as critic 414: 2974: 823:. Though far from being a critical success – and in spite of receiving only a dozen or so performances – the popular reaction in favour of 134:. He strove to achieve a uniquely Russian musical identity, often in deliberate defiance of the established conventions of Western music. 2774: 1845: 1066:

Mussorgsky, like others of 'The Five', was perceived as an extremist by the Emperor and much of his court. This may have been the reason

673:(which, however, Balakirev criticised and refused to conduct, with the result that it was never performed during Mussorgsky's lifetime). 609:

By this time, Mussorgsky had freed himself from the influence of Balakirev and was largely teaching himself. In 1863 he began an opera –

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Over the next two years at Dargomyzhsky's, Mussorgsky met several figures of importance in Russia's cultural life, among them Stasov,

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was unfinished and unperformed when Mussorgsky died, but it was completed by Rimsky-Korsakov and received its premiere in 1886 in

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development as an obvious cultural reference to Modest Mussorgsky, also known domestically for encouraging a female opera singer

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Mussorgsky's most imaginative and frequently performed work is the cycle of piano pieces describing paintings in sound called

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while both men served at a military hospital in Saint Petersburg. The two were soon on good terms. Borodin later remembered,

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and its close companions, Mussorgsky was nicknamed as 'Humour', Balakirev was 'Power', and Rimsky-Korsakov was 'Sincerity'.

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and draw heavily on Russian musical themes. He has been the inspiration for many Russian composers, including most notably

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in 1873. It is often asserted that in 1872 the opera was rejected a second time, but no specific evidence for this exists.

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In early 1881 a desperate Mussorgsky declared to a friend that there was 'nothing left but begging', and suffered four

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for family and friends. At 10, he and his brother were taken to Saint Petersburg to study at the elite German language

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Mussorgsky apparently did not take the new spelling seriously, and played on the "rubbish" connection in letters to

218:, meaning 'music maker'), and was the grandfather of the first Mussorgsky. The composer could trace his lineage to 5094: 4391: 6636: 4800: 2767: 562: 197:

The family name derives from a 15th- or 16th-century ancestor, Roman Vasilyevich Monastyryov, who appears in the

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The New York Times Essential Library: Classical Music: A Critic's Guide to the 100 Most Important Recordings

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in favour of a continuous mode of syllabic but lyrically heightened declamation somewhere between the two.

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in the versions of the name mentioned above gives evidence that this syllable did not receive the stress.

239:). The "g" made its first appearance in a letter to Balakirev in 1863. Mussorgsky used this new spelling ( 6432: 6247: 6089: 4401: 4350: 4173: 3111: 2596: 2221:, pp. 74–87, where Dr.Carrick's mother is given as the sister of Harry Lauder's grandfather, John Lauder. 1523: 873:'s celebrated portrait of Mussorgsky, painted 2–5 March 1881, only a few days before the composer's death 844: 602: 31: 6367: 4696: 2187:

Letter to Vladimir Stasov, 9 October 1875. As quoted in Rimsky-Korsakov (1923: pp. 154–55, footnote 24).

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now teaches it) ... I explained to him the form of compositions, and to do this we played through both

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The Western convention of doubling the first "s", which is not observed in scholarly literature (e.g.,

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The aristocratic Mussorgsky brothers—Filaret (also known as "Yevgeniy", left), and Modest (right), 1858

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where the intervocalic /s/ is always unvoiced. Doubling the consonant thus reinforces its voiceless

285:(i.e., MÚS-ər-skiy), and does so to this day in Russia, including the composer's home district. The 7219: 6515: 6337: 6227: 6217: 6154: 5920: 5605: 4666: 4396: 3945: 3770: 2982: 2281:, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 34064–65). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. 1649: 1303: 972:

For a time Mussorgsky was able to maintain his creative output: his compositions from 1874 include

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The St Petersburg Mussorgsky State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre — Mikhailovsky Theatre

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Rimsky-Korsakov's edited version of the piece, performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra

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and many others. Important early recordings of songs by Mussorgsky were made by tenor

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enjoyed broad popular recognition in the 1940s when it was featured, in tandem with

588:. Nor is any 'nationalistic' impulse easily discernible in the incidental music for 183: 7195: 7131: 6985: 6960: 6833: 6207: 6104: 6029: 5946: 5910: 5788: 5763: 5758: 5459: 5449: 5444: 5434: 5424: 5399: 5329: 5252: 5227: 4795: 4744: 4641: 4482: 4472: 4455: 4416: 4411: 4386: 4125: 4077: 3965: 3920: 3915: 3855: 3670: 3625: 3470: 3440: 3410: 3350: 3052: 2679: 1410: 1276: 1263: 1179: 1145: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1004: 860: 785: 690:

artistic life, however. Although it was in 1867 that Stasov first referred to the '

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in 1908. Before the premiere, he was regarded as an eccentric in the West. Critic

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The spelling and pronunciation of the composer's name have caused some confusion.

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Calvocoressi, M.D. "Mussorgsky's Youth: In the Light of the Latest Information".

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French phrases, was rather precious. There was a touch—though very moderate—of

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on the Glebovo estate of a former singer and her wealthy husband; he also met

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Smirnova, Esther (2001). "Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Boris Godunov".

1319: 1202: 1174: 986:(in memory of Hartmann); he also began work on another opera based on Gogol, 819: 781: 758: 6955: 5732: 3150: 1764: 343:), diminutive form with the stressed O, by his close friends and relatives. 122:

16 March] 1881) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "

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Listening to Music : The Essential Guide to the Classical Repertoire

1458: 1245: 789: 585: 558: 477: 469: 410: 406: 198: 175: 2662:, Gordeyeva, Ye. (editor), 2nd edition, Moscow: Music (publisher), 1984 1354:

Western perceptions of Mussorgsky changed with the European premiere of

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Among the composer's other works are a number of songs, including three

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Russian Music Literature: For VI-VII grades (12-13-year-old children).

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Russian Masters 1: Glinka, Borodin, Balakirev, Musorgsky, Tchaikovsky

1424: 1398: 1393: 784:. This he did, assembling and shaping a text from Pushkin's play and 2752: 2507: 1461:

as Alexander Lemtov, a flamboyant singer representing Russia, had a

1201:. This composition, best known through an orchestral arrangement by 811:

project (in the course of which he had made a choral version of his

314:), likely arose because in many Western European languages a single 6447: 4087: 2819: 2279:

Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons

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from the list of proposed pieces for the Imperial Opera in 1888.

1040: 879: 413:(St. Peter's School). While there, Modest studied the piano with 50: 2101:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 1028:; another group organised a similar fund to pay him to complete 4564: 2472:

Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson

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In October 1856 the 17-year-old Mussorgsky met the 22-year-old

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In his day, the name was written Модестъ Петровичъ Мусоргскій.

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Mussorgsky's works, while strikingly novel, are stylistically

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in February 1874, Mussorgsky had taken part in the ill-fated

485:

More portentous was Mussorgsky's introduction that winter to

389: 219: 205:. Roman Vasilyevich bore the nickname "Musorga" (from Greek: 202: 7178: 1908:(in Russian). History, culture and traditions of Ryazan Krai 1205:, was written in commemoration of his friend, the architect 4520: 4057: 3163: 1847:Русская музыкальная литература: Для VI—VII кл. ДМШ: Учебник 1713: 1711: 1271:

in the 1920s and 1930s. Other recordings have been made by

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Gustave Flaubert. Mussorgsky started an opera based on his

2637:

36, no. 3 (July, August, September 1991). pp. 194–96.

380:. His wealthy and land-owning family, the noble family of 145:, and other national themes. Such works include the opera 489:, at that time the most important Russian composer after 458: 1708: 440:, the foremost regiment of the Russian Imperial Guard. 281:

The first syllable of the name originally received the

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Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 5: L–M

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performed and recorded an arrangement of Mussorgsky's

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Since 1866 Dargomyzhsky had been working on his opera

222:, the legendary 9th-century founder of the Rus state. 187:

Monument on the site of the Mussorgky family house in

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to compose a classical song "Letter After the Ball".

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summoning evil spirits on a mountain. It segues into

376:, Russian Empire, 400 km (250 mi) south of 92: 2452:"Emerson Lake and Palmer: Pictures at an Exhibition" 1642:"Modest Mussorgsky's business card: where did G go?" 2250:) 9 (1980), 104. As quoted in Volkov (1995: p. 87). 1043:in rapid succession. Mussorgsky also suffered from 753:Under the influence of this work (and the ideas of 268:and to Stasov's family, routinely signing his name 213: 2676:, Moscow: The Russian Language (publisher), 1985 . 2094: 1791:"Meaning, origin and history of the name Modestus" 1318:, sometimes a depressing lack of it, unsuccessful 561:, they were using an "M" personal sign instead of 497:later recalled, he began "his true musical life." 992:(for which he produced another choral version of 30:"Mussorgsky" redirects here. For other uses, see 7239: 1765:"Meaning, origin and history of the name Modest" 1182:. This opera, too, was revised by Shostakovich. 1032:. However, neither work was completed (although 2686:, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. 1454:Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga 843:had died, and his relative and recent roommate 2712:M.P. Musorgsky v vospominaniyakh sovremennikov 2585:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. 2568:. London and Boston: Faber & Faber, 2010. 2196:Ashby, F., "The Carricks of St.Petersburg" in 6706: 4268: 3265: 3179: 3155: 2768: 1621:(in Russian). Administration of Pskov oblast' 1595:(in Russian). Administration of Pskov oblast' 1212:Mussorgsky's single-movement orchestral work 695: 338: 240: 234: 80: 2353: 847:(who furnished the poems for the song-cycle 233:, the composer signed his name "Musorskiy" ( 118:9 March] 1839 – 28 March [ 2229: 2227: 1564:"Russian – BGN/PCGN transliteration system" 827:made this the peak of Mussorgsky's career. 746:Fyodor Komissarzhevsky as The Pretender in 311:The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 7323:Romantic composers from the Russian Empire 6713: 6699: 4275: 4261: 3272: 3258: 3186: 3172: 2775: 2761: 1639: 1504:is used for his name here. ALA-LC system: 1341:Tchaikovsky, in a letter to his patroness 2729:International Music Score Library Project 1993: 1991: 1972: 1970: 1960: 1958: 1535:Under Alexander II the dominance of the 1087:List of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky 853:and would go on to provide those for the 103:[mɐˈdɛstpʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕˈmusərkskʲɪj] 2224: 2198:The Caledonian Phalanx – Scots in Russia 1843: 998: 865: 741: 680: 571: 476: 384:, is reputedly descended from the first 355: 201:, the 17th-century genealogy of Russian 182: 174: 61: 7303:Opera composers from the Russian Empire 6720: 2684:Musorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue 2092: 1928:"Mussorgsky. Childhood. Family. Places" 799:By the time of the first production of 287:mutability of the second-syllable vowel 14: 7240: 2431: 2125: 1988: 1967: 1955: 6694: 6622:Romanticism and the French Revolution 4256: 3253: 3239:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five 3167: 3154: 2782: 2756: 2633:Juynboll, Floris. "Vladimir Rosing". 2601:Modest Mussorgsky: His Life and Works 2579:Brown, David, and Gerald E. Abraham. 2468: 2404: 1375: 272:, roughly "garbage-dweller" (compare 101: 3078:Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire 2698:Saint Petersburg: A Cultural History 2290: 2154:[Sincerity and Golden Fish] 1788: 1762: 4131:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle 2169:from the original on 19 August 2019 1386:was used in the 1940 animated film 1345:, was also critical of Mussorgsky: 1310:absurd, disconnected harmony, ugly 1151:In 1868/1869 he composed the opera 392:, through the sovereign princes of 360:Young Mussorgsky as a cadet in the 24: 3279: 2704: 2565:Tchaikovsky: The Man and His Music 2314:from the original on 25 April 2019 1640:Lukianenko, Pavel (26 June 2020). 1298:Mixed impressions are recorded by 1093: 1003:Grave of Modest Mussorgsky in the 963:Problems playing these files? See 888: 624: 322:to /z/ (as in "music"), unlike in 141:were inspired by Russian history, 25: 7344: 2718: 2700:. New York: The Free Press, 1995. 2368:Brown and Abraham (1997: p. 125). 1678:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxvii–xxviii) 1392:, accompanied by an animation of 1314:, sometimes strikingly illogical 567:the symbols of the early Rurikids 229:In early (up to 1858) letters to 7318:Pianists from the Russian Empire 7278:Alcohol-related deaths in Russia 7263:19th-century classical composers 7225: 7213: 7201: 7189: 7177: 7165: 6675: 6674: 4236: 4227: 4226: 3134: 3125: 3124: 2832: 2647:". New York: Times Books, 2004. 2612:20, no. 1 (January 1934): 1–14. 2432:Gabler, Jay (13 November 2015). 2405:Grove, George (1 January 1954). 1744:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxviii, xxx) 1615:"M. P. Mussogrgky Museum-Estate" 1364:, wrote, in the 1905 edition of 1264:Mephistopheles' Song of the Flea 1157:, about the life of the Russian 1127:Problems playing this file? See 1109: 945: 927: 909: 658:Problems playing this file? See 640: 7328:Rostislavichi family (Smolensk) 7293:Russian male classical pianists 7268:19th-century classical pianists 4282: 2500: 2462: 2444: 2425: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2284: 2271: 2253: 2236: 2213:. vol. LIII, No. 2, June 2006, 2203: 2190: 2181: 2144: 2119: 2086: 2054: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1979: 1946: 1920: 1894: 1837: 1808: 1782: 1756: 1753:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxvii–xxxi) 1747: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1699: 1690: 1529: 1515: 2975:The Destruction of Sennacherib 2952:Stokowski orchestration (1939) 2549:Mussorgsky: His Life and Works 2516:State Institute of Art Studies 1681: 1672: 1663: 1633: 1607: 1581: 1556: 1494: 1485: 1327:While preparing an edition of 776:A few months after abandoning 351: 13: 1: 6645:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 3073:Ferry "Compositor Musorgskij" 2926:(1867, revised 1872 and 1880) 2152:"Искренность и золотая рыбка" 1816:"Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky" 1669:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxx, 384) 1549: 1463:non-typical Russian character 1445:The Pictures at an Exhibition 1429:a live album of the same name 1423:in 1971, featuring lyrics by 1282: 1275:between 1951 and 1957 and by 1161:, but it was rejected by the 1144:(in his late symphonies) and 980:Prelude, and the piano suite 67: 39:Eastern Slavic naming customs 7313:People from Toropetsky Uyezd 7298:Russian male opera composers 3193: 2341:Juynboll (1991: pp. 194–96). 2126:Kramer, Jonathan D. (1991). 1824:Ministry of Culture (Russia) 1687:Musorgskiy (1984: pp. 10–12) 27:Russian composer (1839–1881) 7: 7283:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery 7273:19th-century male musicians 4174:Gothic Revival architecture 3112:Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi 3063:Airbus A321 "M. Mussorgsky" 2395:Calvocoressi (1956: p. 224) 2377:Calvocoressi (1956: p. 219) 2301:Historian (Russian journal) 2015:Gordeyva (1989: pp. 86–87). 1524:Emancipation reform of 1861 1506:Modest Petrovich Musorgskiĭ 1366:The Oxford History of Music 1192:, is frequently performed. 1119:Performed by David Hernando 845:Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov 598:Intermezzo in Modo Classico 516:symphonies and much else ( 443: 364:of the Imperial Guard, 1856 337:. He was called "Modinka" ( 214: 151:, the orchestral tone poem 93: 77:Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky 32:Mussorgsky (disambiguation) 18:Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky 10: 7349: 6562:Coleridge's theory of life 4115:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 3290:List of Romantic composers 2948:Ravel orchestration (1922) 2674:Russian-English Dictionary 2665:Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay. 2359:Calvocoressi (1934: p. 6). 2350:Kozinn (2004: pp. 143–47). 2332:Volkov (1995: pp. 106–07). 1717:Taruskin (1993: p. xxviii) 1510:Modest Petrovič Musorgskij 1502:transliteration of Russian 1415:Emerson, Lake & Palmer 1084: 1057:Alexander Nevsky Monastery 1009:Alexander Nevsky Monastery 955:Arrangement for two pianos 830: 94:Modest Petrovich Musorgsky 82:Модест Петрович Мусоргский 37:In this name that follows 36: 29: 7046: 7026:Charles Villiers Stanford 6728: 6654: 6617:Romanticism and economics 6554: 6446: 6193: 6015: 5960: 5929: 5853: 5802: 5751: 5710: 5619: 5563: 5527: 5481: 5472: 5317: 5261: 5210: 5169: 5128: 5082: 5024: 4894: 4773: 4695: 4632:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 4614: 4605: 4491: 4359: 4290: 4206: 4151: 4096: 4030: 4009: 3296: 3287: 3234: 3201: 3161: 3156:Links to related articles 3120: 3091: 3045: 3016: 3009: 2999:Songs and Dances of Death 2969: 2962: 2942:Pictures at an Exhibition 2933: 2914: 2874: 2867: 2806: 2799: 2790: 2725:Free scores by Mussorgsky 2660:M. P. Musorgskiy: Letters 2293:"The tragedy of oblivion" 2200:, Edinburgh, 1987, p. 96. 1735:Smirnitsky (1985: p. 300) 1705:Musorgskiy (1984: p. 238) 1420:Pictures at an Exhibition 1258:Songs and Dances of Death 1198:Pictures at an Exhibition 1018:Songs and Dances of Death 983:Pictures at an Exhibition 899:Pictures at an Exhibition 856:Songs and Dances of Death 696: 685:Modest Mussorgsky in 1876 603:emancipation of the serfs 339: 241: 235: 206: 160:Pictures at an Exhibition 126:" He was an innovator of 81: 7308:People from Pskov Oblast 4397:German historical school 4136:Tchaikovsky and The Five 2627:(accessed 29 June 2015). 2603:, London: Rockliff, 1956 2576:(accessed 29 June 2015). 2211:The Scottish Genealogist 1696:Musorgskiy (1984: p. 44) 1589:"Heritage of Pskov Land" 1479: 1434:The first 20 seconds of 1080: 755:Georg Gottfried Gervinus 504:(a fellow officer), and 6939:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 5044:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3226:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 2857:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 2745:Turgenev and Mussorgsky 2629:(subscription required) 2093:Emerson, Caryl (1999). 1854:Children's Music School 1726:Taruskin (1993: p. xxx) 1380:Mussorgsky's tone poem 1185:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 1167:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 1073:personally crossed off 1030:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 989:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 676: 438:Preobrazhensky Regiment 368:Mussorgsky was born in 362:Preobrazhensky Regiment 346: 260:debris, rubbish, refuse 170: 7036:Ralph Vaughan Williams 6914:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 6627:Romanticism in science 6582:Middle Ages in history 6577:List of Romantic poets 5289:Josiah Gilbert Holland 4159:Common practice period 2923:Night on Bald Mountain 2469:Vogel, Joseph (2011). 1869:(in Russian). Moscow: 1383:Night on Bald Mountain 1352: 1325: 1215:Night on Bald Mountain 1098: 1012: 994:Night on Bald Mountain 893: 874: 814:Night on Bald Mountain 750: 706:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 686: 670:Night on Bald Mountain 636:Night on Bald Mountain 629: 581: 580:but did not finish it. 487:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 482: 481:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 475: 405:concerto and works by 365: 191: 180: 154:Night on Bald Mountain 73: 6597:Romantic epistemology 6587:Opium and Romanticism 5156:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 4382:Counter-Enlightenment 2710:Gordeyeva, E. (ed.). 2609:The Musical Quarterly 2386:Brown (2010: p. 212). 2233:Volkov (1995: p. 87). 2097:The Life of Musorgsky 1985:As quoted in Brown, 4 1427:, and released it as 1347: 1308: 1097: 1002: 892: 869: 745: 684: 628: 575: 480: 454: 359: 186: 178: 114:; 21 March [ 65: 7333:The Five (composers) 7067:Antônio Carlos Gomes 6819:Carl Maria von Weber 6661:Age of Enlightenment 4303:England (literature) 4196:Romantic nationalism 4142:War of the Romantics 3058:Mussorgskij (crater) 3028:The Song of the Flea 2793:List of compositions 2748:(with music samples) 2738:has compositions by 2635:The Record Collector 2479:. pp. 223–224. 2458:. 11 September 2007. 2438:www.classicalmpr.org 2291:Polyakov, Vladimir. 189:Karevo, Pskov Oblast 157:and the piano suite 7288:Composers for piano 7107:Silvestre Revueltas 7031:Alexander Mackenzie 6884:Stanisław Moniuszko 6804:Camille Saint-Saëns 6722:Musical nationalism 6612:Romantic psychology 4407:Hudson River School 4351:Sweden (literature) 4336:Russia (literature) 4191:Musical nationalism 4109:Musical nationalism 2714:Moscow: s.n., 1989. 2597:Calvocoressi, M. D. 2006:Brown (2002: p. 8). 1997:Brown (2002: p. 6). 1952:Brown (2002: p. 3). 1902:"Mussorgsky family" 1568:transliteration.com 1142:Dmitri Shostakovich 1105:Il Vecchio Castello 1011:in Saint Petersburg 721:, a version of the 563:family coat of arms 535:A Life for the Tsar 7077:Heitor Villa-Lobos 4597:White Mountain art 4538:Historical fiction 4346:Spain (literature) 4104:Indianist movement 4022:Romantic orchestra 2694:Bouis, Antonina W. 2244:Sovietskaia muzyka 1871:Muzyka (publisher) 1376:In popular culture 1362:Edward Dannreuther 1099: 1013: 894: 875: 751: 687: 630: 582: 565:, very similar to 483: 372:, Toropets Uyezd, 366: 318:/s/ often becomes 192: 181: 74: 7248:Modest Mussorgsky 7220:Freedom of speech 7153: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7072:Francisco Mignone 7057:Alberto Ginastera 6944:Alexander Borodin 6934:Modest Mussorgsky 6889:Henryk Wieniawski 6688: 6687: 6602:Romantic medicine 6572:List of romantics 6011: 6010: 5662:Felix Mendelssohn 5657:Fanny Mendelssohn 5468: 5467: 5182:Rosalía de Castro 5120:Soares dos Passos 4468:Transcendentalism 4432:Nazarene movement 4392:Düsseldorf School 4250: 4249: 4121:New German School 3716:Felix Mendelssohn 3711:Fanny Mendelssohn 3247: 3246: 3221:Modest Mussorgsky 3211:Alexander Borodin 3148: 3147: 3107:Mussorgsky family 3041: 3040: 3037: 3036: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2784:Modest Mussorgsky 2749: 2740:Modest Mussorgsky 2653:978-0-8050-7070-5 2591:978-0-393-31585-1 2574:978-0-571-26093-5 2557:978-0-19-816587-3 2486:978-1-4027-7938-1 2418:978-0-333-19178-1 2137:978-0-413-45331-0 2112:978-0-521-48507-4 1887:978-5-7140-0142-0 1343:Nadezhda von Meck 1148:(in his operas). 1114: 950: 932: 914: 794:Mariinsky Theatre 645: 594:Oedipus in Athens 540:Konstantin Lyadov 450:Alexander Borodin 374:Pskov Governorate 303:Tikhon Khrennikov 299:Nikolay Golovanov 212: 91: 16:(Redirected from 7340: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7194: 7193: 7192: 7182: 7181: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7161: 7132:Edward MacDowell 6986:Enrique Granados 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698: 694:' (Russian: 647: 646: 627: 590:Vladislav Ozerov 552: 423: 378:Saint Petersburg 342: 341: 324:Slavic languages 295:Fyodor Shalyapin 244: 243: 238: 237: 217: 211:romanized: 210: 208: 143:Russian folklore 113: 112: 111: 105: 100: 96: 86: 84: 83: 72: 69: 21: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7176: 7172:Classical music 7166: 7164: 7156: 7154: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7042: 7012:United Kingdom 6991:Joaquín Rodrigo 6981:Manuel de Falla 6879:Frédéric Chopin 6739:Bedřich Smetana 6735:Czech Republic 6724: 6719: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6672: 6664: 6650: 6607:Romantic poetry 6592:Romantic ballet 6567:German idealism 6550: 6516:Lacoue-Labarthe 6442: 6189: 6007: 5956: 5925: 5906:Rimsky-Korsakov 5849: 5798: 5747: 5706: 5615: 5559: 5523: 5464: 5313: 5257: 5206: 5165: 5124: 5078: 5020: 4961:Maria Edgeworth 4897: 4890: 4769: 4691: 4601: 4580:Romantic genius 4510:Gesamtkunstwerk 4487: 4448:Sturm und Drang 4355: 4286: 4281: 4251: 4246: 4223: 4219:Modernist music 4215: 4212:Classical music 4202: 4147: 4092: 4073:Romantic ballet 4068:Orchestral song 4048:Chorale prelude 4043:Character piece 4026: 4017:Romantic guitar 4010:Instrumentation 4005: 3841:Rimsky-Korsakov 3461:Ferdinand David 3298: 3292: 3283: 3278: 3248: 3243: 3230: 3197: 3192: 3157: 3149: 3144: 3116: 3087: 3033: 3005: 2958: 2929: 2902: 2863: 2795: 2786: 2781: 2736:Mutopia Project 2721: 2707: 2705:Further reading 2690:Volkov, Solomon 2667:My Musical Life 2628: 2539: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2518: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2467: 2463: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2303: 2289: 2285: 2277:Wilson, Scott. 2276: 2272: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2225: 2208: 2204: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1873: 1866: 1856: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1795:Behind the Name 1787: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1769:Behind the Name 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1638: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1572: 1570: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1534: 1530: 1520: 1516: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1469: 1436:Michael Jackson 1378: 1323:transgressions. 1300:Rimsky-Korsakov 1289:Vladimir Stasov 1285: 1273:Boris Christoff 1269:Vladimir Rosing 1226:', in the 1940 1207:Viktor Hartmann 1163:Mariinsky Opera 1134: 1133: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1110: 1107: 1100: 1094: 1089: 1083: 970: 969: 961: 959: 958: 957: 956: 953: 946: 943: 937: 936: 935: 928: 925: 919: 918: 917: 910: 907: 901: 895: 889: 841:Viktor Hartmann 837:Vladimir Stasov 833: 718:The Stone Guest 679: 665: 664: 656: 654: 653: 652: 651: 648: 641: 638: 631: 625: 542: 510:Rimsky-Korsakov 495:Vladimir Stasov 446: 417: 354: 349: 278:: "nobleman"). 266:Vladimir Stasov 173: 132:Romantic period 107: 106: 98: 70: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7346: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7235: 7234: 7222: 7210: 7198: 7186: 7174: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7127:Horatio Parker 7124: 7119: 7113:United States 7111: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6996:Joaquín Turina 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6924:Mily Balakirev 6916: 6911: 6909:Mikhail Glinka 6903: 6902: 6901: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6859:Bernard Zweers 6853: 6852: 6851: 6849:Giuseppe Verdi 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6824:Richard Wagner 6821: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6809:Romain Bussine 6806: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6789:Leevi Madetoja 6783: 6782: 6781: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6758: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6744:Antonín Dvořák 6741: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6725: 6718: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6695: 6686: 6685: 6665: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6558: 6556: 6555:Related topics 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6283:Gallen-Kallela 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6258:David d'Angers 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6195:Visual artists 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6155:Schleiermacher 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 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3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3456:Félicien David 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3281:Romantic music 3277: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3206:Mily Balakirev 3202: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3132: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3060: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2995: 2987: 2979: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2884: 2875: 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B. Shelley 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4986:Mary Robinson 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4715:Chateaubriand 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4544:Mal du siècle 4541: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4273: 4271: 4266: 4264: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3926:J. Strauss II 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3297:Composers and 3295: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2899: 2897: 2896:Boris Godunov 2893: 2891: 2889: 2888:Khovanshchina 2885: 2883: 2881: 2880:Boris Godunov 2877: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849:Khovanshchina 2846: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2828:Boris Godunov 2825: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641:Kozinn, Allan 2639: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2420: 2414: 2411:. Macmillan. 2410: 2409: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2313: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2280: 2274: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2230: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2199: 2193: 2184: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2147: 2139: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2089: 2074: 2073:Music Academy 2070: 2063: 2057: 2048: 2039: 2033:Brown, 12–13. 2030: 2021: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1982: 1973: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1949: 1933: 1932:mussorgsky.ru 1929: 1923: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1840: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1770: 1766: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1712: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1636: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1555: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1500:The BGN/PCGN 1497: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1467:Daria Leonova 1464: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1357:Boris Godunov 1351: 1346: 1344: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1261:(1877); plus 1260: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1203:Maurice Ravel 1200: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1175:Khovanshchina 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1154:Boris Godunov 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1130: 1106: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1075:Boris Godunov 1072: 1071:Alexander III 1069: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1034:Khovanshchina 1031: 1027: 1026:Khovanshchina 1021: 1019: 1010: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 990: 985: 984: 979: 978:Khovanshchina 975: 968: 966: 942: 924: 906: 900: 884: 881: 872: 868: 864: 862: 858: 857: 852: 851: 846: 842: 838: 828: 826: 822: 821: 820:Khovanshchina 816: 815: 810: 809: 804: 803: 802:Boris Godunov 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782:Boris Godunov 779: 774: 772: 771: 766: 765: 760: 759:Nikolai Gogol 756: 749: 748:Boris Godunov 744: 740: 738: 734: 730: 727:story with a 726: 725: 720: 719: 713: 711: 707: 703: 693: 683: 674: 672: 671: 663: 661: 637: 620: 618: 617:Chernyshevsky 614: 613: 607: 604: 599: 595: 591: 587: 579: 574: 570: 568: 564: 560: 559:gothic script 556: 550: 546: 541: 537: 536: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 498: 496: 492: 488: 479: 474: 472: 471: 466: 465: 460: 453: 451: 441: 439: 435: 429: 425: 421: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 363: 358: 344: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 312: 306: 304: 300: 296: 290: 288: 284: 279: 277: 276: 271: 267: 259: 255: 252: 251: 250: 248: 232: 227: 223: 221: 216: 204: 200: 195: 190: 185: 177: 168: 164: 162: 161: 156: 155: 150: 149: 148:Boris Godunov 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 128:Russian music 125: 121: 117: 110: 104: 95: 89: 78: 64: 60: 56: 52: 49: and the 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7137:Charles Ives 7122:Henry Cowell 7097:Manuel Ponce 7021:Edward Elgar 7016:Joseph Parry 6966:Eugen Suchoň 6933: 6869:Edvard Grieg 6855:Netherlands 6769:Carl Nielsen 6749:Leoš Janáček 6673: 6666: 6659: 6643: 6363:Porto-Alegre 6017:Philosophers 5901:Rachmaninoff 5895: 5350:Chavchavadze 5340:Baratashvili 5100:João de Deus 5069:Wincenty Pol 4861:Küchelbecker 4589: 4555:Noble savage 4542: 4508: 4483:Wallenrodism 4460: 4446: 4377:Coppet group 4311:(literature) 4217: 4210: 4113: 4097:Other topics 3921:J. Strauss I 3811:Rachmaninoff 3750: 3566:Gretchaninov 3220: 3099: 2997: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2940: 2921: 2895: 2887: 2879: 2855: 2847: 2839: 2827: 2818: 2811: 2783: 2711: 2697: 2683: 2680:Taruskin, R. 2673: 2666: 2659: 2634: 2607: 2600: 2580: 2563: 2548: 2541: 2540: 2529:14 September 2527:. Retrieved 2512:academia.edu 2511: 2502: 2490:. Retrieved 2471: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2427: 2407: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2364: 2355: 2346: 2337: 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2296: 2286: 2278: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2248:Soviet Music 2247: 2243: 2238: 2210: 2205: 2197: 2192: 2183: 2171:. Retrieved 2159: 2146: 2127: 2121: 2096: 2088: 2078:13 September 2076:. Retrieved 2068: 2056: 2047: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1981: 1948: 1936:. Retrieved 1934:(in Russian) 1931: 1922: 1910:. Retrieved 1905: 1896: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1827:. Retrieved 1819: 1810: 1798:. Retrieved 1794: 1784: 1772:. Retrieved 1768: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1701: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1655:29 September 1653:. Retrieved 1645: 1635: 1623:. 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Schumann 5677:C. Schumann 5642:Kalkbrenner 5611:Saint-Saëns 4916:Anne Brontë 4801:Eichendorff 4786:B. v. Arnim 4781:A. v. Arnim 4591:Weltschmerz 4550:Medievalism 4499:Blue flower 4427:Nationalist 4372:Bohemianism 4284:Romanticism 4164:Romanticism 3946:Tchaikovsky 3881:R. Schumann 3876:C. Schumann 3861:Saint-Saëns 3756:Niedermeyer 3646:Leoncavallo 3616:Kalkbrenner 3391:Bortkiewicz 3102:(1950 film) 2983:The Nursery 2898:(1989 film) 2890:(1959 film) 2882:(1954 film) 2519: [ 2304: [ 2069:mus.academy 1912:14 November 1874: [ 1857: [ 1470: [ 1459:Dan Stevens 1304:Tchaikovsky 1255:(1874) and 1246:The Nursery 1241:song cycles 1228:Walt Disney 790:prima donna 586:sonata form 553:(father of 543: [ 459:foppishness 418: [ 415:Anton Gerke 411:Petrischule 407:Franz Liszt 352:Early years 330:/s/ sound. 199:Velvet Book 71: 1870 51:family name 7242:Categories 7053:Argentina 6956:Ján Cikker 6764:Niels Gade 6228:Chassériau 6203:Aivazovsky 5911:Rubinstein 5896:Mussorgsky 5845:Wieniawski 5830:Paderewski 5672:Moszkowski 5455:Vörösmarty 5445:Shevchenko 5299:Longfellow 5223:Batyushkov 5218:Baratynsky 5187:Espronceda 5054:Mickiewicz 5049:Malczewski 5016:Wordsworth 5001:M. Shelley 4956:de Quincey 4821:Günderrode 4705:Baudelaire 4585:Wanderlust 4422:Lake Poets 4152:Background 4053:Intermezzo 3986:Wieniawski 3966:Vieuxtemps 3931:R. Strauss 3856:Rubinstein 3781:Paderewski 3751:Mussorgsky 3746:Moszkowski 3721:Mercadante 3100:Mussorgsky 2915:Orchestral 2492:23 October 2456:PopMatters 2318:16 January 2297:историк.рф 2242:Quoted in 2062:"His Sign" 2051:Brown, 14. 2042:Brown, 12. 2024:Brown, 10. 1938:18 October 1863:: Textbook 1820:Culture.ru 1573:2 December 1550:References 1539:remained. 1316:modulation 1283:Reputation 1172:The opera 1129:media help 965:media help 871:Ilya Repin 737:recitative 660:media help 403:John Field 382:Mussorgsky 335:Late Latin 270:Musoryanin 256:(músor) — 247:Musorgskiy 242:Мусoргскій 207:μουσουργός 55:Mussorgsky 43:patronymic 7196:Biography 6952:Slovakia 6929:César Cui 6668:Modernism 6328:Kiprensky 6288:Géricault 6273:Friedrich 6263:Delacroix 6238:Constable 6218:Bonington 6208:Bierstadt 6160:Senancour 6135:Schelling 6090:Lamennais 6085:Khomyakov 6050:Coleridge 6045:Chaadayev 5952:Stanković 5947:Mokranjac 5866:Balakirev 5825:Moniuszko 5774:Donizetti 5769:Cherubini 5667:Meyerbeer 5652:Marschner 5627:Beethoven 5540:Moscheles 5474:Musicians 5460:Wergeland 5425:Orbeliani 5380:Grundtvig 5284:Hawthorne 5253:Zhukovsky 5248:Vyazemsky 5233:Lermontov 5192:Gutiérrez 5151:Radičević 5115:Herculano 5039:Krasiński 4981:Radcliffe 4951:Coleridge 4926:E. Brontë 4921:C. Brontë 4851:Jean Paul 4846:Hölderlin 4735:Lamartine 4672:Magalhães 4662:Guimarães 4570:Pantheism 4560:Nostalgia 4412:Indianism 4360:Movements 4291:Countries 3766:Offenbach 3741:Moscheles 3736:Moniuszko 3731:Meyerbeer 3686:Marschner 3671:MacDowell 3486:Donizetti 3431:Cherubini 3421:Chaminade 3346:Beethoven 3331:Balakirev 3321:Atterberg 3299:musicians 3216:César Cui 3046:Namesakes 2625:0027-4631 2219:0300-337X 2173:4 January 1976:Brown, 5. 1964:Brown, 4. 1906:62info.ru 1625:13 August 1599:13 August 1508:. ISO 9: 1457:starring 1425:Greg Lake 1399:Ave Maria 1394:Chernobog 1279:in 1993. 1224:Ave Maria 708:. 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Gomis 3541:Glazunov 3536:Giuliani 3426:Chausson 3416:Chadwick 3406:Bruckner 3195:The Five 3130:Category 3065:(number 3030:" (1879) 2820:Zhenitba 2812:Salammbô 2477:Sterling 2312:Archived 2164:Archived 1389:Fantasia 1249:(1872), 1233:Fantasia 1220:Schubert 1138:Romantic 1041:seizures 786:Karamzin 778:Zhenitba 770:Zhenitba 764:Marriage 761:'s play 724:Don Juan 710:The Five 612:Salammbô 592:'s play 578:Salammbô 522:Schubert 518:Schumann 470:Traviata 444:Maturity 394:Smolensk 340:Модинька 328:sibilant 215:musurgos 137:Many of 7158:Portals 7093:Mexico 7083:Canada 7063:Brazil 7002:Sweden 6905:Russia 6875:Poland 6865:Norway 6800:France 6521:Lovejoy 6456:Abraham 6378:Richard 6368:Préault 6293:Girodet 6175:Thoreau 6120:Novalis 6105:Mazzini 6100:Maistre 6075:Hazlitt 6060:Emerson 6040:Carlyle 6030:Berchet 5973:Berwald 5968:Bennett 5937:Hristić 5891:Medtner 5871:Borodin 5861:Arensky 5784:Rossini 5759:Bellini 5738:Joachim 5711:Hungary 5692:Strauss 5620:Germany 5586:Berlioz 5555:Voříšek 5550:Smetana 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