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977:") is a forest spirit who has mastery over the woods. His appearance varies across stories, but he is consistently male. Generally the leshy is pictured as human-like, but can also appear in the form of an animal or, in one case, a mushroom. Sometimes he is depicted with wings and a tail, like the devil. Sometimes he is described as looking like someone familiar to the viewer. His size is also variable, a power which has been attributed to his role as reflecting his environment. Depending on the height of the plant life in the forest he inhabits, he would fit in with his surroundings. Some stories about the leshy describe him as having a wife and children, mimicking a typical peasant household. Some accounts attribute multiple leshie to a given forest, and describe them as having a hierarchical society, again similar to local society.
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standing on chicken legs. Baba Yaga may help or hinder those that encounter or seek her out and may play a maternal role and has associations with forest wildlife. According to
Vladimir Propp's folktale morphology, Baba Yaga commonly appears as either a donor, villain, or may be altogether ambiguous. Andrea Johns identifies Baba Yaga as "one of the most memorable and distinctive figures in eastern European folklore," and observes that she is "enigmatic" and often exhibits "striking ambiguity." Johns summarizes Baba Yaga as "a many-faceted figure, in capable of inspiring researchers to see her as a Cloud, Moon, Death, Winter, Snake, Bird, Pelican or Earth Goddess, totemic matriarchal ancestress, female initiator, phallic mother, or archetypal image".
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divination, which were traditionally considered productive magic, were largely reassigned as unclean magic by the
Christian church once it was in power. Most productive magic was "homeopathic", meaning that a symbolic action was performed with the hope of evoking a related response from reality. For example, a springtime ritual of carrying around branches with artificial birds (or cookies representing birds) on them was thought to help bring about the bird flight associated with the coming of spring. Folk magic traditions have been recorded as persisting as late as 1648 in Moscow.
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Soviet (or
Russian) folklore. Without any true connection to the masses, there was no reason noviny should be considered anything other than contemporary literature. Specialists decided that attempts to represent contemporary life through the structure and artistry of the ancient epics could not be considered genuine folklore. Stalin's name has been omitted from the few surviving pseudo-folktales of the period. Instead of considering folklore under Stalin a renaissance of the traditional Russian epic, today it is generally regarded as a period of restraint and falsehoods.
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proletariat. Characters throughout traditional
Russian folktales often found themselves on a journey of self-discovery, a process that led them to value themselves not as individuals, but rather as a necessary part of a common whole. The attitudes of such legendary characters paralleled the mindset that the Soviet government wished to instill in its citizens. He also pointed out the existence of many tales that showed members of the working class outsmarting their cruel masters, again working to prove folklore's value to Soviet ideology and the nation's society at large.
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exemplified the model Soviet citizen. Folklore, with many of its conflicts based on the struggles of a labor oriented lifestyle, was relevant to
Communism as it could not have existed without the direct contribution of the working classes. Also, Gorky explained that folklore characters expressed high levels of optimism, and therefore could encourage readers to maintain a positive mindset, especially as their lives changed with Communism's further development.
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809:"Three paths, a tree stands by the road, under the tree a corpse lies, past the corpse goes St. Anthony and says: "Why do you, corpse, lie here? Do your teeth ache? Do your ribs hurt? Do worms eat you away? Does the blood flow out of you" "Nothing hurts." Grow numb you too, teeth of God's humble servant (name stated), like in a corpse; make him strong, Lord, stronger than a stone."
1177:)- In Russian fairy tales the rooster is associated with the sun, as well as good fortune and fertility. Hens often laid golden eggs and made their owners rich. "Russia a cultural resource guide" Roosters can be found all over many household items and often when there are two roosters with their heads together it was as a wedding gift to wish the bride and groom a good marriage.
1059:, the rusalka is a female spirit, often associated with the water. She is usually thought to look like a young, beautiful woman. Accounts have placed rusalki in forests, in fields, and by rivers. She is typically thought to live underwater, like the vodyanoy, and to walk about on land playing tricks on unsuspecting passersby. In some places rusalki are thought to be the
870:. They are also frequently associated with an "unclean" force, connected to unnatural death and improper burial. Most accounts that we have today of nature spirits were collected after the end of the 19th century and are told as second-hand tales. Run-ins with nature spirits have been reported to have been more frequent in the distant past, and less frequent nowadays.
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associated with ancestor worship, but others believe she is only associated with unclean dead (i.e., those who died not of natural causes and did not receive a proper burial). Additionally, the unclean force is generally associated with corrupting a place to make it dangerous and blighted, but while the rusalka is "unclean" she is also thought to promote plant growth.
621:. The RAPP specifically focused on censoring fairy tales and children's literature, believing that fantasies and "bourgeois nonsense" harmed the development of upstanding Soviet citizens. Faerie tales were removed from bookshelves and children were encouraged to read books focusing on nature and science. RAPP eventually increased its levels of censorship and became the
735:. This system identified 915 main types of folktales (categorized by themes, plots, characters, and other story elements). Of these, about one third (317 types) were found in both Eastern and Western European tales, one third (302) types were found exclusively in Western European tales, and one third (296 types) were found exclusively in Eastern European tales.
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Soviet regime's benefits and progress. It then proceeded to redistribute copies of approved stories throughout the population. Meanwhile, local folklore centers arose in all major cities. Responsible for advocating a sense of Soviet nationalism, these organizations ensured that the media published appropriate versions of
Russian folktales in a systematic fashion.
592:'s golden age of folklore. The struggling new government, which had to focus its efforts on establishing a new administrative system and building up the nation's backwards economy, could not be bothered with attempting to control literature, so studies of folklore thrived. There were two primary trends of folklore study during the decade: the
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therefore particularly essential to the success of
Russian agriculture. Because from early times the Rus' had an agricultural rather than hunting or herding basis for their food production, and were not on good terms with neighboring peoples, the success of Russian society was largely dependent on the success of its agriculture.
1234:, the Indrik-Beast (Russian: ŠŠ½Š“ŃŠøŠŗ-Š·Š²ŠµŃŃ, transliteration: Indrik zver') is a fabulous beast, the king of all animals, who lives on a mountain known as "The Holy Mountain" where no other foot may tread. When it stirs, the Earth trembles. The word "Indrik" is a distorted version of the Russian word edinorog (
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In order to continue researching and analyzing folklore, intellectuals needed to justify its worth to the
Communist regime. Otherwise, collections of folklore, along with all other literature deemed useless for the purposes of Stalin's Five Year Plan, would be an unacceptable realm of study. In 1934,
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The polevoi seems generally less sinister than other spirits, the worst of his shenanigans being to make people get lost in the field. He is generally seen as a bad omen, though, and might accidentally run someone down on his horse, so people tried to avoid him by staying out of the fields at noon,
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A polevoi is a male field spirit. Like the other nature spirits, the polevoi's appearance generally reflects his environment. Sometimes he is described as having dark skin, like the soil; sometimes with grass for hair; sometimes dressed in white and surrounded by wind. Like the leshy, the polevoi
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A vodyanoy is a male water spirit. He is thought to inhabit a given body of water, sometimes having a dwelling place at the bottom of it. Like the leshy, the vodyanoy's appearance varies from story to story. He is generally pictured as an old, bearded man, sometimes blue, white, or green sometimes
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In general, he is thought to be mischievous or evil, and has been said to make people get lost in the woods, cause people to fall ill, steal women, and even eat people. His traditional weaknesses include fire and the sign of the cross, indicative of later association between leshy and the
Christian
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was an important business as well. For instance, when a woman got married, it was customary for her to leave her family and join that of her husband. When she left her home, it was necessary for her to perform rituals to separate her from her family's house spirits and acquaint her with those of her
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Instead of receiving essential advice from a mythical being, the protagonist would be given advice from omniscient Stalin. If the character followed Stalin's divine advice, he could be assured success in all his endeavors and a complete transformation into the "New Soviet Man." The villains of these
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ideology before they could be expected to impart folktales to the public in a manner that suited the Soviet government. Besides undergoing extensive education, many folk performers traveled throughout the nation in order to gain insight into the lives of the working class, and thus communicate their
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Convinced by Gor'kij and
Sokolov's arguments, the Soviet government and the Union of Soviet Writers began collecting and evaluating folklore from across the country. The Union handpicked and recorded particular stories that, in their eyes, sufficiently promoted the collectivist spirit and showed the
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Iurii Sokolov, the head of the folklore section of the Union of Soviet Writers also promoted the study of folklore by arguing that folklore had originally been the oral tradition of the working people, and consequently could be used to motivate and inspire collective projects amongst the present-day
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rituals. Another such holiday is St. John's day, which was devoted to "seeing off the spring" and performing rituals to encourage springtime to come again soon. The coexistence of pagan and Christian beliefs in Russian culture is called "duality of religion" or "duality of belief", and was salient
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was the goddess of women, children, and animals, and was worshiped for her connection with fertility. Russian soil is generally too thin for robust agriculture, rainfall is infrequent and inopportunely timed in much of the area, and the growing season is relatively short. Fertility and moisture are
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The organization of early Slavic society seems largely to have been based in small towns run by a group of people rather than a single leader, and had a strong emphasis on one's family unit. The area proposed as the homeland of Slavic peoples is roughly around modern-day Eastern European countries.
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from different countries. The tale tells the story of a king or an old peasant woman who desires to see their three sons married. The eldest two princes, however, fail to marry a bride despite their efforts, while the youngest one manages to win the love of a talking frog or toad by promising to be
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a leshy, like saying "Sheep's mug, sheep's wool". Others might be used to imbue an action with magic, so that a ritual will be effective. One common structure for a charm is for it to describe an action and its intended significance, so that the person will then go perform that action and achieve
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Evidence of Russian folktales exists as early as the 12th century, and indicates it had been around for some time earlier. Not much content from early folktales exists today, however, largely due to suppression of non-Christian narratives by the Church. Telling folktales was strictly forbidden at
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stories more effectively. Due to their crucial role in spreading Communist ideals throughout the Soviet Union, eventually some of these performers became highly valued members of Soviet society. A number of them, despite their illiteracy, were even elected as members of the Union of Soviet Writers.
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Sometimes her mischief is as harmless as leading people astray, like the leshy or polevoi; other times she is thought to tickle people to death or drown them. Rusalka's connection with the unclean dead makes her a bearer of the unclean force associated with other nature spirits. Sometimes she is
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Spirits were most frequently seen as the masters of their domains, whether that was forest, water, field, or home. Often they are portrayed as old men, reflecting the age-based familial hierarchy in tribal communities. Originally, nature spirits were thought to protect humans, but over time they
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in ancient and peasant Russian culture: (1) "unclean", or evil magic, and (2) productive, or good magic. The former is associated with the devil, and is generally considered hostile. The latter is protective against evil magic or seeks to produce good for the user. Some magic practices, such as
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Once Stalin died in March 1953, folklorists of the period quickly abandoned the new folktales of the period. Written by individual authors and performers, noviny did not come from the oral traditions of the working class. Consequently, today they are considered pseudo-folklore, rather than genuine
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During this week, villagers commemorated past ancestors and invoked the name of rusalki during springtime rituals like decorating homes with fresh-cut birch branches or leaving fried eggs by designated birch trees. The role of the rusalka in this holiday is somewhat unclear. Some believe she is
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was largely to look after a household and the livestock. One way he did this would be by offering omens of future events, such as good or bad fortune, weddings, or a death in the family. One responsibility of a household was to please its house spirit, whether that was by managing the house well,
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Apart from circulating government-approved faerie tales and byliny that already existed, during Stalin's rule authors parroting appropriate Soviet ideologies wrote Communist folktales and introduced them to the population. These contemporary folktales combined the structures and motifs of the old
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The vodyanoy's main function is drowning people. Other stories about the vodyanoy include him mimicking voices or corrupting someone to change their appearance. Some stories about amicable relations between humans and a vodyanoy describe millers and fishermen who made offerings to a vodyanoy to
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was seen as the benign protector of the household. He was not averse to Christian symbols (such as the sign of the cross), and did not make a place dangerous like other spirits. He was likely a holdover of ancestor worship practices, as one nick-name to refer to him was "grandfather", and he was
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Similar to a witch, Baba Yaga is a supernatural being (or one of a trio of sisters of the same name) who appears as a deformed or ferocious-looking old woman. In Russian fairy tales, Baba Yaga flies around in a mortar, wields a pestle, and dwells deep in the forest in a hut usually described as
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and Novgorod, two cities where Vladimir I had previously put particular attention into establishing a pagan pantheon. Despite the superficial eradication of pagan belief, animism and ancestor worship survived in rituals, stories, charms, and practices in peasant life. Certain pagan deities and
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schools. Formalism focused on the artistic form of ancient byliny and faerie tales, specifically their use of distinctive structures and poetic devices. The Finnish school was concerned with the connections amongst related legends of various Eastern European regions. Finnish scholars collected
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gave a speech to the Union of Soviet Writers arguing that folklore could, in fact, be consciously used to promote Communist values. Apart from expounding on the artistic value of folklore, he stressed that traditional legends and faerie tales showed ideal, community-oriented characters, which
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These new Soviet faerie tales and folk songs primarily focused on the contrasts between a miserable life in old tsarist Russia and an improved one under Stalin's leadership. Their characters represented identities for which Soviet citizens should strive, exemplifying the traits of the
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into motion in 1928, the Soviet government began to criticize and censor folklore studies. Stalin and the Soviet regime repressed Folklore, believing that it supported the old tsarist system and a capitalist economy. They saw it as a remnant of the backward Russian society that the
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of the Russian epic. Folklorists were called upon to teach modern folksingers the conventional style and structure of the traditional byliny. They also explained to the performers the appropriate types of Communist ideology that should be represented in the new stories and songs.
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A poludnitsa is a female field spirit, and is largely spoken of as fictitious. Her appearance varies primarily with regard to age; she has been described as a girl or an elderly woman. She is thought to protect the grain, and also to harm anyone working in the fields at noon.
523:'. Just beforehand, he had pushed for worship of a pagan pantheon not native to the Russian people, but that proved largely unsuccessful. Because Christianity had already existed in the area, it caught on more easily than the foreign pagan tradition. Idols were destroyed at
1192:, means "one who knows where the honey is". It was an ancestor of the Russian people and is friendly. Oftentimes people will be changed into bears as a punishment or will often appear as a wise old man. The Bear symbolizes strength, power, might, warmth, and protection.
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1220:- Portrayed as a woman-headed bird, this creature is similar to a siren and can actually change the weather depending on what mood she is in. It is said that they lay eggs in the water and when in the water the weather is calm but once it hatches there is a storm.
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Vasilisa the Beautiful is a popular Russian fairy tale that tells the story of a young girl named Vasilisa who is mistreated by her stepmother and stepsisters.The story features elements of magic, adventure, and fantasy, with various characters and creatures like
1214:, this creature is said to have three or more heads and like other creatures in Russian fairy tales, they know how to talk. They are usually male and can be found in forests or mountains. It is said that when he flies he is so large that he blocks out the sun.
678:." The heroes of Soviet tales were meant to portray a transformed and improved version of the average citizen, giving the reader a clear goal of the ideal collective-oriented self that the future he or she was meant to become. These new folktales replaced
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objects of worship became inducted into the ranks of Christian saints. Other times, pagan holidays remained in practice but were called by new names, such as Trinity Day, during which peasant girls would honor the nature spirit
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begins: "I will rise, Lord's humble servant (name stated), I will come from the house into the doorway, from the doorway into the gate, ..." It is common as well for a charm to invoke God or saints. A charm against toothaches
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was thought to encourage a plentiful harvest. On the first night after a wedding, sometimes the couple's bed would be set near the livestock, so that they might influence the fertility of their animals. Other
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Additionally, there is thought to have been a notable focus on the feminine element in early Slavic culture, with a subsequent shift to a more patriarchal society as Christianity got a foothold in the area.
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by foxes. According to one source, people were not allowed to eat wolves because it was believed the meat would turn them into a werewolf. Wolves stood for wild untamed nature and were respected and feared.
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covered in slime, sometimes bloated with water. Often he is described as having fish-like elements, such as scales or a fish's tail. Like the leshy, the vodyanoy was sometimes pictured with a wife.
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least as early as the 12th century, and in some cases transgression led to death. It was only by the 16th century that Russian folktales began getting recorded, and only by the 19th century with
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contemporary faerie tales were the Whites and their leader Idolisce, "the most monstrous idol," who was the equivalent of the tsar. Descriptions of the Whites in noviny mirrored those of the
546:. In these instances, rites were reinterpreted as essentially Christian. For instance, the wintertime ritual of spreading hay on the floor became associated with celebrating the birth of
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was initially an opportunity for households to show generosity at the start of the new year, thus ensuring they would have a prosperous year. Similarly, copious feasting and carousing at
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714:'s "Russian Folk Tales" (1838) that a compilation of genuine Russian folktales was published. Study of folklore gained particular popularity in the late 20th century (around the 1960s).
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traditions, like eating eggs, singing bawdy songs, and throwing grain over the newlyweds were originally intended to secure fertility and prosperity for the couple in the years to come.
1199:)- Often portrayed as male and a villain in most Russian fairy tales. These creatures were not very smart and often susceptible to being led into traps and being tricked out of food or
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Some say the leshy cannot speak, but only makes sounds like clapping or wilderness noises (birds, rustling leaves, growls, etc.). Others say he can mimic voices of people you know.
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Sister Alenushka and Brother Ivanushka is a classic Russian fairy tale that tells the story of two siblings who go on a dangerous journey to find firewood for their family.
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fairy tale that tells the story of a hero named Ivan Tsarevitch who sets out to rescue his beloved Marya Morevna from the evil clutches of the immortal sorcerer Koschei.
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were working to surpass. To keep folklore studies in check and prevent inappropriate ideas from spreading amongst the masses, the government created the RAPP ā the
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edited and translated by Sibelan Forrester (Wayne State University Press; 2012) 387 pages; lectures delivered at Leningrad State University in the 1960s.
554:. When the Church condemned a practice, it typically did not dismiss it as made-up, but instead acknowledged its power and attributed it to the devil.
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1166:) - Portrayed as witty females, foxes in Russian fairy tales would often trick their counterparts. This can be adult humans, wolves, roosters and
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has variable size based on his surroundings, and might be tall as the uncut grass in the summer and tiny as the field stubble after the harvest.
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associated directly with the devil. Like other nature spirits, she is thought to be weakened by the sign of the cross and certain magic words.
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The Frog Princess is a popular fairy tale found in multiple versions and various origins. It falls under type 402, "The animal bride", in the
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comparable tales from multiple locales and analyzed their similarities and differences, hoping to trace these epic stories' migration paths.
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Husband, William B. (2006). "'Correcting Nature's Mistakes': Transforming the Environment and Soviet Children's Literature, 1828ā1941".
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in byliny. In these new tales, the Whites were incompetent, backwards capitalists, while the Soviet citizens became invincible heroes.
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Unlike the leshy, the vodyanoy is seen as unequivocally evil. In many cases, he is thought of as equivalent to the devil.
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Farrer, Grimes (1973). "The Soviet Folktale as an Ideological Strategy for Survival in International Business Relations".
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2145:. Translated by Cross, Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America.
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characters, as well as alongside other animals. Some of the most common animals found throughout many folktales and
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where rusalki are thought to wander farther from their watery homes. The name for the festival might come from the
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is a spirit of the house, and is somewhat different in character from the nature spirits. While mischievous, the
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One early Russian object of worship was the "Moist Mother Earth", and a later, possibly related deity was called
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As the performers of the day were often poorly educated, they needed to obtain a thorough understanding of
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byliny with contemporary life in the Soviet Union. Called noviny, these new tales were considered the
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was another central aspect of tribal life, and served as a link between past and future generations.
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There have been several attempts to classify European folklore, and one notable system was begun by
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was perceived not by sight, but by sound. He might cause walls to creak or bang pots or sing. A
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Pipes, Richard E.; Conquest, Robert; Dewdney, John C.; McCauley, Martin (November 15, 2018).
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when he was most likely to be about. The polevoi was thought to have a family and children.
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was usually thought to live alone, but some accounts mention him having a wife and children.
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Charms are magic words used to accomplish a variety of tasks. Some charms might be used to
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Practices associated with many holidays have their origin as magic rituals. Yuletide and
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Oinas, Felix J. (1975). "The Political Uses and Themes of Folklore in the Soviet Union".
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In the late 19th-century Russian fairy tales began being translated into English, with
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However, most of the time he is seen as a hunched over, hairy old man. Typically the
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1923:. Translated by Smith, Catherine R. Detroit: Folklore Associates. pp. 26ā404.
1766:
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husband's family. When a family moved houses, they would specifically invite their
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following social customs, or even selecting livestock in the preferred colour of a
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2565:. Translated by Freeborn, Richard. London; New York: Penguin. pp. 99ā120.
1663:. Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
1578:. Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
1259:
1207:
1128:
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came to be seen as neutral or malevolent forces, sometimes associated with the
675:
524:
520:
413:
363:
340:
221:
2274:
1757:
Andreyev, Nikolay (March 1962). "Pagan and Christian Elements in Old Russia".
1147:. These animals are sometimes given human qualities, including the ability to
4850:
4431:
4036:
3941:
3450:
3189:
2780:
1778:
1642:
Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
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Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
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Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
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Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
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Illustration from "The Russian Story Book" by Richard Wilson, illustrated by
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often said to appear in the form of a current or past head of the household.
765:
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490:
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254:
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2792:
2333:
Miller, Frank J. (1980). "The Image of Stalin in Soviet Russian Folklore".
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589:
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Certain pagan rituals and beliefs were tolerated and even supported by the
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1210:
Gorynych - Its name means "Snake of the Mountains". The Slavic version of
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both with other animals as well as human characters. They have the same
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of still-born or unbaptized children, or of those who died by drowning.
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4842:
The collection of works of folklore of Russia in the Russian language
4452:
2686:
2523:. Armonk, New York and London, England: M. E. Sharpe. pp. 64ā82.
2399:. Translated by Forrester, Sibelan. Detroit: Wayne State. p. 11.
1316:
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796:
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in 987 CE, and subsequently mandated it as the state religion of the
450:
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as human characters as well. They are given human qualities such as
813:
One of the oldest recorded references to Russian charms lies in the
428:
420:, also created fully original fairy tale poems of great popularity.
4047:
2346:
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was considered essential to the proper functioning of a household.
703:
344:
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and an enormous horn in its snout, making it vaguely similar to a
3164:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
3046:
2621:. Translated by Smith, Catherine R. Detroit: Folklore Associates.
1515:
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1136:
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894:
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was a homeland to Slavic tribes from which Russian culture grew.
336:
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to come with them to ensure it would remain with the household.
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1537:
1308:
1254:. The Russian folklore creature gives its name to a synonym of
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films, or for feature movies by prominent directors such as
2373:
Schlauch, Margaret (1944). "Folklore in the Soviet Union".
1243:
1239:
1200:
1167:
1132:
1060:
465:. Nature played an essential role in early Slavic culture.
369:
Many Russian fairy tales and bylinas have been adapted for
328:
1342:
is a popular and classic Russian fairy tale collected by
1156:
515:(or "Vladimir the Great", "Saint Vladimir") converted to
472:, whose name means "moist" and may have Finnish origins.
788:(Also, "incantations", "precautions", or "whisperings"
27:
Folklore of Russians and other ethnic groups of Russia
2598:
Russian Folklore: An Anthology in English Translation
2119:
Russian Folklore: An Anthology in English Translation
1336:
her husband and to bring her to his father's palace.
682:
with technology and supernatural forces with Stalin.
497:
Folk tradition in Christian Rus' (987 - 1917/1922 CE)
2607:
Armonk, New York and London, England: M. E. Sharpe.
939:was easily pleased. Having the assistance of one's
429:Folk Tradition of Pre-Christian Rus' (Pre-987 CE)
4848:
2048:Soil and Soul: The Symbolic World of Russianness
1331:index, which includes other tales with similar
1307:The Death of Koschei the Immortal is a popular
588:Folklorists today consider the 1920s to be the
2143:The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text
2013:
1340:Tsarevich Ivan, the Firebird and the Grey Wolf
1302:Tsarevich Ivan, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf
4468:
4063:
2640:
2045:
274:
493:played a central role in daily tribal life.
449:emerged around the Volga-Dnieper basin. The
2368:
2366:
2364:
2169:"Folklore and Politics in the Soviet Union"
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
860:
534:, commemorate past ancestors, and practice
360:Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tzar
4475:
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2256:
2254:
998:The creatures are also known as "vodianoi"
619:Russian Association of Proletarian Writers
281:
267:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
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2184:
2116:
2076:"Soviet Union: Historical State, Eurasia"
1982:. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 1ā24.
1262:, the biggest land mammal ever to live.
1238:). The Indrik is described as a gigantic
1021:
800:the described result. For instance, one
489:was also a common belief, and nature and
2560:
2372:
2361:
2149:
2050:. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 111ā135.
2018:. Indiana University. pp. 116ā155.
1943:
1756:
644:
576:
307:Russian folklore takes its roots in the
3300:Collective Security Treaty Organization
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1346:in his volume of Russian Fairy Tales.
1293:Sister Alenushka and Brother Ivanushka
1070:There is a springtime festival called
4456:
4051:
2858:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
2628:
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1518:Peeping at the Sleeping Merchant Wife
1015:secure good fortune from his waters.
4077:
3997:Unified Sports Classification System
2201:
2121:. Belmont, Massachusetts: Nordland.
2093:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
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1716:
1714:
1712:
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1689:Russian traditions and superstitions
824:
539:in much of Russian peasant culture.
2654:
2600:. Belmont, Massachusetts: Nordland.
2403:
2016:Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia
24:
3295:Commonwealth of Independent States
2617:Sokolov, Yuriy M. (1971, Ā© 1950).
2603:Ivanits, Linda J. (1992, Ā© 1989).
2590:
2527:
2385:
2064:
1801:
1722:"Vladimir I: Grand Prince of Kiev"
1276:. Some prominent examples, are --
935:. This was easy to do because the
753:
49:
25:
4868:
4835:
2225:Journal of the Folklore Institute
2032:
1964:
1739:
1705:
1285:The Death of Koschei the Immortal
1186:Russia: A Cultural Resource Guide
4436:
4427:
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2014:Tian-Shanskaia, Olga S. (1993).
1651:
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1465:
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828:
745:There were two primary types of
248:
2135:
1950:. University of Toronto Press.
1947:Ukraine: A History, 4th Edition
4394:British Indian Ocean Territory
2563:Sketches from a Hunter's Album
2007:
1986:
1944:Subtelny, Orest (2009-11-10).
1937:
817:, dating to the 10th century.
457:culture grew in Balkan region
408:Some Russian poets, including
323:are also an important part of
315:and now is represented in the
13:
1:
3205:Political abuse of psychiatry
2610:Propp, Vladimir Yakovlevich.
2046:Hellberg-Hirn, Elena (1998).
1699:
738:
581:Russia has a long and varied
3850:Traditions and superstitions
2596:Alexander, Alex E. (1975).
873:
702:
461:grew most likely in eastern
7:
3516:Water supply and sanitation
2519:Ivanits, Linda J. (1992) .
2117:Alexander, Alex E. (1975).
1980:Russia under the Old Regime
1919:Sokolov, Yuriy M. (1971) .
1672:
987:
820:
331:cycle were recorded in the
10:
4873:
1978:Pipes, Richard E. (1974).
1349:
1319:playing a prominent role.
1106:
1048:
1044:
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962:
892:
888:
877:
608:came to power and put his
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2663:
2293:Studies in Soviet Thought
1272:There are more than 600+
1055:Akin to a water fairy or
780:
727:, and later developed by
4143:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3290:Prime Minister of Russia
2561:Turgenev, Ivan (1990) .
2395:Propp, Vladimir (2012).
2167:Oinas, Felix J. (1973).
2080:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1726:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1111:Animals occur alongside
958:
861:Nature and house spirits
697:
327:. The oldest bylinas of
4404:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3728:Social entrepreneurship
3617:Forced public apologies
3552:Anti-American sentiment
2275:10.1093/envhis/11.2.300
1281:The Tale of Tsar Saltan
623:Union of Soviet Writers
302:ethnic groups of Russia
4531:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3476:Social security system
3459:Science and technology
3125:Classified information
2951:Central Russian Upland
1660:Nightingale the Robber
1432:Nightingale the Robber
1289:Vasilisa the Beautiful
1022:Polevoi and Poludnitsa
811:
653:
585:
402:Vasilisa the Beautiful
347:was recorded as well.
54:
3937:Russian tsars regalia
3270:Intelligence agencies
2993:Great Russian Regions
2737:Expansion (1500-1800)
2263:Environmental History
1097:rosalia, dies rosarum
807:
648:
580:
53:
4318:United Arab Emirates
4004:World Heritage sites
3381:Droughts and famines
2934:Environmental issues
2682:Proto-Indo-Europeans
2612:The Russian Folktale
2605:Russian Folk Belief.
2397:The Russian Folktale
1188:, its Russian name,
926:The function of the
610:first five-year plan
558:Russian Folklore in
339:, where most of the
237:World Heritage Sites
4747:States with limited
4345:limited recognition
3855:Forms of addressing
3464:Academy of Sciences
3421:Financial districts
3285:President of Russia
3210:Political divisions
3170:Freedom of assembly
3052:West Siberian Plain
2798:Great Patriotic War
2759:February Revolution
2521:Russian Folk Belief
2375:Science and Society
1543:Konstantin Gorbatov
1344:Alexander Afanasyev
1274:Russian fairy tales
1267:Russian fairy tales
1117:Russian fairy tales
1086:festival of roses,
317:Russian fairy tales
311:beliefs of ancient
4857:Folklore of Russia
4483:Folklore of Europe
3905:Russian given name
3491:Telecommunications
3441:Petroleum industry
3305:State of emergency
3150:Far-right politics
3115:Capital punishment
2961:Meshchera Lowlands
2815:Russian Federation
2771:October Revolution
2305:10.1007/BF01044328
1684:Russian folk dance
1679:Finnic mythologies
1479:Henryk Siemiradzki
946:The transfer of a
840:. You can help by
654:
586:
562:(1917/1922 - 1991)
459:West Slavic people
352:Russian Folk Tales
294:Folklore of Russia
55:
4832:
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4450:
4449:
4387:other territories
4045:
4044:
4012:
4011:
3592:Domestic violence
3524:
3523:
3446:Russian oligarchs
3371:Aircraft industry
3348:
3347:
3325:Mass surveillance
3315:Search and rescue
3280:Political parties
3160:Foreign relations
3092:
3091:
2891:
2890:
2883:Historical cities
2742:Tsardom of Russia
2572:978-0-14-044522-0
2057:978-1-85521-871-0
2025:978-0-253-20784-5
1957:978-1-4426-9728-7
1930:978-0-8103-5020-5
1297:The Frog Princess
1173:Roosters (ŠæŠµŃŃŃ
,
858:
857:
815:Russian Chronicle
418:Alexander Pushkin
375:Aleksandr Ptushko
291:
290:
255:Russia portal
43:Culture of Russia
16:(Redirected from
4864:
4785:Dependencies and
4489:Sovereign states
4477:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4440:
4430:
4429:
4399:Christmas Island
4085:Sovereign states
4078:Folklore of Asia
4072:
4065:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4025:
3972:Russian language
3915:National symbols
3535:
3534:
3454:
3411:Fishing industry
3401:Economic regions
3396:Defence industry
3359:
3358:
3103:
3102:
3057:Russian Far East
2956:Northwest Russia
2914:Cities and towns
2902:
2901:
2764:Russian Republic
2670:
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2649:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2619:Russian Folklore
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2231:(2/3): 157ā175.
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2002:
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1934:
1921:Russian Folklore
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1694:Turkic mythology
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1500:Viktor Vasnetsov
1490:
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1381:
1360:
1246:, the head of a
1232:Russian folklore
1184:)- According to
1180:Bears (Š¼ŠµŠ“Š²ŠµŠ“Ń,
1004:, "water-sprite"
853:
850:
832:
825:
712:Bogdan Bronitsyn
574:
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509:
508:
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483:Ancestor worship
441:
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335:, especially in
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18:Russian folklore
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4663:North Macedonia
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4358:Northern Cyprus
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3967:Public holidays
3962:Political jokes
3947:Personification
3900:Names of Russia
3769:
3688:Life expectancy
3520:
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3195:Law enforcement
3088:
3074:Protected areas
2971:Smolensk Upland
2966:OkaāDon Lowland
2946:European Russia
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2712:Mongol invasion
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2591:Further reading
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2186:10.2307/2494072
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1256:Paraceratherium
1242:with legs of a
1109:
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1001:, "water devil"
996:
990:
969:A leshy (also,
967:
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845:
838:needs expansion
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583:musical history
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431:
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356:William Ralston
325:Slavic paganism
319:. Epic Russian
296:is folklore of
287:
249:
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50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4870:
4860:
4859:
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4836:External links
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4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4787:other entities
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4738:United Kingdom
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4551:Czech Republic
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Space industry
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3320:Urban planning
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3157:
3155:Federal budget
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:North Caucasus
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3000:
2998:Highest points
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2941:Extreme points
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2754:Russian Empire
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658: articles
2652:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2571:
2526:
2402:
2384:
2360:
2347:10.2307/128551
2335:Russian Review
2318:
2299:(1ā2): 55ā75.
2280:
2269:(2): 300ā318.
2250:
2200:
2148:
2134:
2127:
2092:
2063:
2056:
2031:
2024:
2006:
1985:
1963:
1956:
1936:
1929:
1800:
1738:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1435:(19th century
1425:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1329:Aarne-Thompson
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1266:
1260:Indricotherium
1195:Wolves (Š²Š¾Š»Šŗ,
1108:
1105:
1049:Main article:
1046:
1043:
1026:Main article:
1023:
1020:
992:Main article:
989:
986:
963:Main article:
960:
957:
893:Main article:
890:
887:
878:Main article:
875:
872:
862:
859:
856:
855:
835:
833:
822:
819:
784:
779:
758:
752:
742:
737:
733:N. P. Andreyev
706:
701:
699:
696:
676:New Soviet Man
563:
556:
498:
495:
430:
427:
425:
422:
414:Leonid Filatov
364:Edith Hodgetts
343:national epic
289:
288:
286:
285:
278:
271:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
216:
215:
211:
210:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
118:
117:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
62:
61:
57:
56:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4869:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Faroe Islands
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:South Ossetia
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Liechtenstein
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:South Ossetia
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Seven Wonders
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Playing cards
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3647:Mental health
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Ethnic groups
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:Civil defense
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Media freedom
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:Criminal code
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Civil Service
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Russian state
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
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1628:Frank C. PapƩ
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1612:Frank C. PapƩ
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607:
606:Joseph Stalin
602:
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595:
591:
584:
579:
570:
561:
560:Soviet Russia
555:
553:
552:Christmastime
549:
545:
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537:
533:
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522:
518:
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494:
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491:house spirits
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421:
419:
415:
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410:Pyotr Yershov
406:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
391:Aleksandr Rou
388:
387:
382:
381:
380:Ilya Muromets
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
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353:
348:
346:
342:
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333:Russian North
330:
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73:Ethnic groups
71:
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59:
58:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4776:Transnistria
4687:
4383:Dependencies
4313:Turkmenistan
4278:Saudi Arabia
4272:
3925:Coat of arms
3885:Martial arts
3844:
3793:Army culture
3783:Architecture
3753:Witch trials
3708:Prostitution
3654:Human rights
3587:Demographics
3501:Trade unions
3471:Shipbuilding
3431:Homelessness
3391:Central Bank
3386:Car industry
3225:Conservatism
3135:Constitution
3130:Conscription
2803:Eastern Bloc
2793:Soviet Union
2786:Russian SFSR
2716:Feudal Rus'
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2562:
2520:
2396:
2378:
2374:
2341:(1): 50ā67.
2338:
2334:
2296:
2292:
2266:
2262:
2228:
2224:
2179:(1): 45ā58.
2176:
2172:
2142:
2137:
2118:
2085:December 19,
2083:. Retrieved
2079:
2047:
2015:
2009:
1999:December 19,
1997:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1946:
1939:
1920:
1765:(1): 16ā23.
1762:
1758:
1731:December 19,
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1658:
1573:
1536:
1514:
1493:
1472:
1458:Ivan Bilibin
1451:
1426:
1407:The Mermaids
1405:
1384:
1370:Ivan Bilibin
1363:
1338:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1271:
1265:
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1120:
1110:
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1092:
1087:
1080:Trinity Week
1075:
1071:
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1054:
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1002:
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920:
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904:
900:
898:
883:
864:
846:
842:adding to it
837:
814:
812:
808:
794:
790:
787:
786:
760:
744:
716:
708:
692:
684:
672:
664:
655:
640:
636:
627:
603:
590:Soviet Union
587:
541:
529:
517:Christianity
511:
479:
467:
455:South Slavic
443:
407:
400:
394:
384:
378:
368:
359:
351:
349:
306:
293:
292:
227:Coat of arms
206:Video gaming
129:Architecture
77:
4814:Isle of Man
4749:recognition
4723:Switzerland
4658:Netherlands
4442:Asia portal
4343:States with
4263:Philippines
4203:South Korea
4198:North Korea
4093:Afghanistan
3977:tea culture
3830:Fairy tales
3693:Open access
3666:Immigration
3627:Gun control
3366:Agriculture
3335:Term limits
3245:Martial law
3240:Nationalism
3235:Irredentism
3230:Imperialism
3013:Caspian Sea
2929:Environment
2924:Earthquakes
2820:Union State
2808:Dissolution
2707:Kievan Rus'
2697:Early Slavs
659:renaissance
631:Maxim Gorky
88:Immigration
4693:San Marino
4653:Montenegro
4633:Luxembourg
4613:Kazakhstan
4516:Azerbaijan
4323:Uzbekistan
4298:Tajikistan
4213:Kyrgyzstan
4193:Kazakhstan
4113:Bangladesh
4103:Azerbaijan
3982:Television
3957:Philosophy
3890:Mass media
3880:Literature
3875:Inventions
3637:Healthcare
3572:Corruption
3562:Censorship
3453:(currency)
3330:Separatism
3275:Opposition
3260:Neo-Nazism
3250:Monarchism
3220:Liberalism
3215:Propaganda
3175:Government
3042:North Asia
2843:Journalism
2702:East Slavs
2692:Sarmatians
1700:References
1391:Ilya Repin
1252:rhinoceros
1028:Poludnitsa
802:love charm
770:Shrovetide
763:New Year's
740:Folk magic
731:professor
725:Antti Arne
722:folklorist
615:Bolsheviks
536:divination
521:Kievan Rus
513:Vladimir I
447:East Slavs
362:(1890) by
354:(1873) by
300:and other
179:Television
164:Newspapers
154:Literature
108:Traditions
4804:Gibraltar
4628:Lithuania
4409:Hong Kong
4363:Palestine
4288:Sri Lanka
4283:Singapore
4163:Indonesia
3840:Festivals
3733:Sociology
3683:Languages
3602:Education
3506:Transport
3340:Terrorism
3185:Judiciary
3179:Apparatus
3145:Elections
3110:Anarchism
3084:Far North
3035:Volcanoes
3020:Mountains
2897:Geography
2776:Civil war
2687:Scythians
2313:143692581
1795:163384871
1779:0037-6779
1333:plotlines
1317:Baba Yaga
1228:Dove Book
1226:- In the
880:Baba Yaga
874:Baba Yaga
849:June 2015
729:Leningrad
704:Folktales
650:Baba Yaga
625:in 1932.
594:formalist
451:Oka river
371:animation
149:Festivals
93:Languages
4851:Category
4824:Svalbard
4809:Guernsey
4756:Abkhazia
4708:Slovenia
4703:Slovakia
4678:Portugal
4536:Bulgaria
4432:Category
4353:Abkhazia
4303:Thailand
4258:Pakistan
4238:Mongolia
4233:Maldives
4228:Malaysia
4128:Cambodia
4032:Category
3910:Nobility
3870:Internet
3865:Heraldry
3860:Graffiti
3845:Folklore
3788:Armorial
3718:Religion
3703:Polygamy
3642:HIV/AIDS
3622:Funerals
3612:Feminism
3582:Deafness
3567:Citizens
3557:Cannabis
3542:Abortion
3486:Taxation
3426:Gambling
3416:Forestry
3265:Military
3098:Politics
3079:Wildlife
3025:Caucasus
2988:Glaciers
2868:Military
2853:Internet
2831:By topic
2725:Vladimir
2720:Novgorod
2674:Timeline
2581:22736825
1673:See also
1575:Sea Tsar
1365:Firebird
1218:Alkonost
1153:emotions
1137:roosters
994:Vodyanoy
988:Vodyanoy
973:, "wood
821:Contents
766:caroling
754:Holiday
345:Kalevala
298:Russians
191:Painting
169:Internet
103:Religion
98:Holidays
78:Folklore
68:Russians
35:a series
33:Part of
4733:Ukraine
4683:Romania
4643:Moldova
4601:Ireland
4596:Iceland
4591:Hungary
4581:Germany
4576:Georgia
4566:Finland
4561:Estonia
4556:Denmark
4541:Croatia
4526:Belgium
4521:Belarus
4511:Austria
4506:Armenia
4501:Andorra
4496:Albania
4328:Vietnam
4243:Myanmar
4223:Lebanon
4153:Georgia
4108:Bahrain
4098:Armenia
4023:Outline
3835:Fashion
3825:Fashion
3813:Cuisine
3775:Culture
3763:in army
3748:Wedding
3743:Suicide
3738:Smoking
3723:Slavery
3698:Orphans
3671:Illegal
3547:Alcohol
3530:Society
3496:Tourism
3376:Banking
3354:Economy
3199:Prisons
3047:Siberia
3003:Islands
2983:Geology
2919:Climate
2909:Borders
2873:Outline
2848:Judaism
2838:Economy
2665:History
2245:3813923
2195:2494072
1787:3000540
1516:Domovoi
1350:Gallery
1309:Russian
1236:unicorn
1190:med'ved
1182:med'ved
1123:), are
1107:Animals
1089:Rusalii
1072:Rusalia
1051:Rusalka
1045:Rusalka
984:devil.
953:domovoy
948:domovoy
941:domovoy
937:domovoy
933:domovoy
928:domovoy
921:domovoy
917:domovoy
909:domovoy
905:domovoi
901:domovoy
895:Domovoy
889:Domovoy
775:wedding
756:rituals
719:Finnish
688:Tartars
667:Marxist
598:Finnish
566:)": -->
531:rusalka
501:)": -->
487:Animism
433:)": -->
424:History
396:Morozko
341:Finnish
337:Karelia
321:bylinas
214:Symbols
201:Theatre
139:Cuisine
83:History
60:Society
4819:Jersey
4761:Kosovo
4728:Turkey
4718:Sweden
4698:Serbia
4688:Russia
4673:Poland
4668:Norway
4648:Monaco
4618:Latvia
4586:Greece
4571:France
4546:Cyprus
4373:Taiwan
4308:Turkey
4273:Russia
4208:Kuwait
4188:Jordan
4178:Israel
4138:Cyprus
4123:Brunei
4118:Bhutan
4037:Portal
3992:Sports
3920:Anthem
3808:Cinema
3803:Ballet
3713:Racism
3676:Labour
3632:Health
3597:Doping
3451:Ruble
3436:Mining
3406:Energy
3069:Rivers
2978:Fjords
2878:Postal
2730:Moscow
2656:Russia
2579:
2569:
2355:128551
2353:
2311:
2243:
2193:
2125:
2054:
2022:
1954:
1927:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1667:, 1916
1646:, 1916
1630:, 1916
1614:, 1916
1598:, 1916
1582:, 1916
1561:, 1916
1538:Kitezh
1224:Indrik
1212:dragon
1175:petukh
1145:wolves
1121:Skazki
1057:undine
971:leshii
805:reads:
797:banish
782:Charms
544:Church
474:Mokosh
470:Mokosh
463:Poland
389:) and
358:, and
329:Kievan
232:Anthem
196:Sports
134:Cinema
116:Topics
37:on the
4794:Ć
land
4713:Spain
4638:Malta
4608:Italy
4414:Macau
4333:Yemen
4293:Syria
4268:Qatar
4248:Nepal
4183:Japan
4158:India
4148:Egypt
4133:China
3942:Opera
3895:Music
3758:Women
3659:LGBTQ
3577:Crime
3511:Waste
3030:Urals
3008:Lakes
2351:JSTOR
2309:S2CID
2241:JSTOR
2191:JSTOR
1791:S2CID
1783:JSTOR
1453:Buyan
1437:lubok
1386:Sadko
1248:horse
1168:bears
1149:speak
1141:bears
1133:goats
1129:sheep
1125:foxes
1113:human
1084:Roman
1078:, or
1061:souls
975:demon
965:Leshy
959:Leshy
868:devil
747:magic
698:Types
680:magic
604:Once
548:Jesus
386:Sadko
313:Slavs
309:pagan
186:Music
174:Radio
159:Media
144:Dance
4253:Oman
4218:Laos
4173:Iraq
4168:Iran
3930:Flag
3818:Wine
3798:Arts
2863:LGBT
2747:Army
2577:OCLC
2567:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2087:2018
2052:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2001:2018
1952:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1775:ISSN
1733:2018
1430:and
1244:deer
1240:bull
1230:and
1208:Zmey
1201:prey
1164:lisa
1143:and
899:The
596:and
568:edit
525:Kiev
503:edit
435:edit
412:and
222:Flag
4385:and
3190:Law
2343:doi
2301:doi
2271:doi
2233:doi
2181:doi
1767:doi
1541:by
1520:by
1498:by
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1456:by
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1368:by
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1157:wit
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