Model minority - Knowledge

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like Southeast Asian Americans. For example, the poverty rate for the Asian American aggregate is 12.6%, which is similar to the United States' overall poverty rate of 12.4%. However, between the Japanese American subgroup and the Hmong American subgroup, there is a 28% difference in poverty rates. Whereas Japanese Americans fall below the average poverty rate at 10%, Hmong Americans face a poverty rate of 38%. The high poverty rate amongst Hmong Americans places the group in one of the highest poverty brackets within the United States. Hmong Americans, more so men than women, have also been disproportionately racialized and criminalized via gangster stereotyping. Additionally, median income levels differ amongst Asian American subgroups in which Southeast Asian Americans represent a disproportionate amount of low annual median incomes. This is illustrated by research in which Hmong Americans and Cambodian Americans earn an annual median income of $ 40,000 in comparison to Indian American and Filipino American families who earn an annual median income of around $ 60,000. By analyzing the individual economic data of Asian American subgroups, it becomes evident that the model minority stereotype, which puts forth the notion of Asian Americans achieving higher levels socioeconomic success, may be misleading.

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the model minority image, Asian American students are viewed as "problem-free" and academically competent students who can succeed with little support and without special services. This emphasis that Asian Americans are being denial by their racial reality because of the assumption that "Asians are the new Whites"; therefore, they are being dismissed by their intelligence and experiences. Thus, educators may overlook the instructional needs and psychological concerns of underachieving Asian American students. The model minority stereotype can also contribute to teachers' having a "blaming the victims" perspective. This means that teachers blame students, their culture, or their families for students' poor performance or misbehavior in school. This is problematic because it shifts responsibility away from schools and teachers and misdirects attention away from finding a solution to improve students' learning experience and alleviate the situation. Furthermore, the model minority stereotype has a negative impact on the home environment. Parents' expectations place high pressure on students to achieve, creating a stressful, school-like home environment. Parents' expressed worry and frustration can also place emotional burdens and psychological stress on students.

1475:. This view of knowledge is evident in the modern lifestyle of many East Asian American families, where the whole family puts emphasis on education and parents will make it their priority to push their children to study and achieve high marks. Similar cultural tendencies and values are found in South Asian American families, whose children similarly face extra pressure by parents to succeed in school and to achieve high-ranked jobs. Although pressure is often perceived as a way to help East Asian American descendants achieve greater success, it can be used as a way to provide better income and living status for families. In other words, much of the East Asian American success in the United States can be due to the stereotypical yet favorable characteristics that their background holds. In most cases, East Asians such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and 1340:, respect for elders, and high valuation of education, family and elders present in their cultures. The model minority stereotype also comes with an underlying notion of their apoliticality. Such a label one-dimensionalizes Asian Americans as having only traits based around stereotypes and no other human qualities, such as vocal leadership, negative emotions (e.g. anger or sadness), sociopolitical activeness, risk taking, ability to learn from mistakes, desire for creative expression, intolerance towards oppression or being overlooked of their acknowledgements and successes. Asian Americans are labeled as model minorities because they have not been as much of a "threat" to the U.S. political establishment as blacks, due to a smaller population and less political advocacy. This label seeks to suppress potential political activism through 1273:, the overall percentage of people 25 years and older with less than a high school education in the U.S. population is 15%, whereas Asian Americans, as an aggregate, are close at 11.1%. However, disparities exist when comparing South Asian Americans and East Asian Americans with Southeast Asian Americans. For example, only 13.6% of Chinese Americans, 4.0% Japanese Americans, and 6.0% of South Asian Americans ages 25 years or older have less than a high school education. In contrast, Southeast Asian Americans more than double the South Asian American and East Asian American percentages with 38.5% of Cambodian Americans, 39.6% of Hmong Americans, 34.3% of Lao Americans, and 51.1% of Vietnamese Americans ages 25 and over holding less than a high school education. 1593:. It is the opinion of some that model minority stereotypes have historically been utilized to discredit African American racial equality movements, such as the civil rights movement, as they highlighted an alternative route to racial reform. African Americans were pushed to follow the lead of the idea of Asian Americans as the model minority, which was used to highlight that success as a minority was possible through hard work and support of the government. Since the success of Asian Americans was frequently attributed to distinctive cultural elements, researchers and policymakers argued that the struggles faced by African Americans was the result of a "culture of poverty". Thus, politicians such as Assistant Secretary of Labor 1277:

amongst Southeast Asian American groups is much lower with only 44.4% of Filipino Americans and 21.2% of Vietnamese Americans falling within the aforementioned educational bounds. With the exception of Vietnamese Americans, Southeast Asian American representation in higher education is lower than other racial minorities, including African Americans (14.2%) and Latino Americans (10.3%). As cited in an empirical literature review, research that lacks differentiation between the varying Asian ethnic groups may mask under-performing groups as the higher performing groups raise the average. As a result, Southeast Asian American students are often overlooked due to the overwhelming success of their East and South Asian American peers.

521:, higher than that of the total population ($ 50,221). Although some Asian American subgroups including East Asians and South Asians are economically successful, other Asian American subgroups such as Southeast Asian Americans which include Hmong, Laotians, Cambodians, and Vietnamese, are less socioeconomically successful. Asian Americans have developed the greatest income inequality gap in comparison to major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. The economic gap in the standard of living between higher- and lower-income Asians nearly doubled; the ratio of income earned by Asians at the 90th percentile to income earned by Asians at the 10th percentile increased from 6.1 to 10.7 between 1970 and 2016, respectively. 1397:

minority stereotyping is related to the stressors associated with the pressure to succeed, differential treatment, and embarrassment or shame to seek help. With this information, a recommendation for schools is to promote a more inclusive and less competitive learning environment, so students will not be ashamed and afraid to ask for help. Administrators can also improve school climate by monitoring incidents of racial harassment and discrimination. Additionally, to better address struggling students' educational and mental health needs, educators can regularly check in with students and engage in culturally responsive teaching, aimed to understand students' unique circumstances and educational needs.

1359:. The stereotyping of Asian Americans as a model minority and perfidious foreigner influences people's perceptions and attitudes towards Asians and also negatively affects students' academic outcomes, relationships with others, and psychological adjustments. For instance, discrimination and model minority stereotyping are linked to Asian American students' lower valuing of school, lower self-esteem, and higher depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the psychological distress of failing to meet the model minority image, such as feelings of inadequacy, self-doubt, shame, and embarrassment, is exacerbated due to the differential treatment associated with being stereotyped as a model minority and 2218:, with roughly 139,000 Vietnamese immigrants living in France. While the level of integration among immigrants and their place in French society have become prominent issues in France in the past decade, French media and politicians generally view the Vietnamese community as a model minority. This is in part because they are represented as having a high degree of integration within French society, in addition to their economic and academic success. A survey in 1988 asking French citizens which immigrant ethnic group they believe to be the most integrated in French society saw the Vietnamese ranked fourth, behind only the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese communities. 1285:

East Asian American students. Furthermore, among Southeast Asian American students, Vietnamese American students are recognized as having the highest academic performance, whereas Cambodian American students have the poorest performance. Although Cambodian and Vietnamese refugees endured similar immigration hardships, the aforementioned differences in academic success is attributed to structural and cultural factors. Another factor which may have an influence on Vietnamese American success is that the majority of 21st century Vietnamese immigrants to the United States are from non-refugee backgrounds, dissimilar from earlier migration patterns.

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degree. Immigrants from several Anglophone African countries were among the best educated: a majority of Black Immigrants from Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe had at least a four-year degree. Immigrants from Egypt, where the official language is Arabic, were also among the best educated. The overrepresentation of the highly skilled among U.S. immigrants is particularly striking for several of Africa's largest source countries. The United States was the destination for 59% of Nigeria's highly skilled immigrants along with 47% of those from Ghana and 29% from Kenya.

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their median household income was $ 57, 339 compared to the American average of $ 54, 689. In 2019, the figure was $ 60, 997 compared to the American average of $ 57, 761 (US Census Bureau 2018 and 2019). Caribbeans make up the majority of America's Black immigrant population (46%). Black immigrants significantly contribute to the U.S. economy, with a spending power of $ 98 billion in 2018. Black immigrants earned approximately $ 133.6 billion and paid $ 36 billion in US taxes. These successes are primarily why some Caribbean Americans have been described as a model minority.

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Asian American students may have escaped death and persecution from their homelands, they often arrive in the US with fragmented families. As a result, refugees often lack resources, which causes them to not only rely on government assistance, but to also be placed in low-income communities near poorly funded schools. Additionally, families frequently have little to no understanding of the U.S. school system. Thus, Southeast Asian students are at a disadvantage as they have to quickly adjust to the new school system, while also keeping up with native-born students.

271:, in the United States. It has also been pointed out that the concept, which also has been criticized for over generalizing the success of some community members, has been used to invalidate and render less visible the racism faced by model minorities. Additionally, over generalizing based on a measure success for some members to make the point that racism is over and anyone stating otherwise is "making excuses" is not exclusive to those groups who have been called model minorities, and became a problem for some members of the African American community after 529:. Of the 20 American physicists to win a Nobel Prize in the 21st century, East Asian Americans, who represent less than 4% of the U.S. population, have won 15% of prizes. Additionally, three science Nobel prizes have been won by Indian-Americans. Asian American students are concentrated in a very small percentage of institutions, in only eight states (and half concentrated in California, New York and Texas). Moreover, as more Asian Americans become Americanized and assimilated, more Asian American students are beginning to attend two-year 1393:

toll on young Asian Americans. The model minority stereotype also influences Asian American students' psychological outcomes and academic experience. The model minority image can lead underachieving Asian American students to minimize their own difficulties and experience anxiety or psychological distress about their academic difficulties. Asian American students also have more negative attitudes toward seeking academic or psychological help due to fear of shattering the high expectations of teachers, parents, and classmates.

2410: 6100: 1976:, one report has revealed that African immigrants have high rates of employment and that African immigrants are doing better economically than some other immigrant groups. Africans have obtained much success as entrepreneurs, many owning and starting many successful businesses across the country. Of the African immigrants, certain groups have become and are highly integrated into the country especially groups which have strong English language skills such as 4826: 6104: 2783: 2750:

citizens and their children living in the Netherlands in 2005, shows that on average, Indos own the largest number of independent enterprises. A 2007 CBS study shows that already over 50% of first-generation Indos have married a native born Dutch person. A percentage that increased to 80% for the second generation. One of the first and oldest Indo organisations that supported the integration of Indo repatriates into the Netherlands is the

4836: 481:, and their first generation descendants, have just started to outperform them in. These statistics vary among the Asian American population. Historically, achieving economic and educational success was, and at times still is, seen as a gateway by different groups into greater social acceptance. This notion was shattered at different times for some people within American communities, for example within the 2001:

highly educated nature of British Nigerians is the case of Paula and Peter Imafidon, nine-year-old twins who are the youngest students ever to be admitted to high school in England. Nicknamed the 'Wonder Twins', the twins and other members of their family have accomplished incredible rare feats, passing advanced examinations and being accepted into institutions with students twice their age.

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to the Netherlands. While Dutch policy was in fact aimed at stimulating Indos to give up Dutch citizenship and opt for Indonesian citizenship, simultaneously the young Indonesian Republic implemented policies increasingly intolerant towards anything remotely reminiscent of Dutch influence. Even though actual aggression against Indos decreased after the extreme violence of the

2064: 1906:, Caribbean immigrants perform better than the general immigrant population in terms of high school graduation rates and some socio-economic indicators. In comparison to other immigrant groups, Caribbeans are far more likely to be naturalised American citizens, display a better standard of English and have higher rates of health insurance cover. Studies by 2771:

recognise their own cultural features. Some Indos find it hard to grasp the concept of their Eurasian identity and either tend to disregard their Indonesian roots or on the contrary attempt to profile themselves as Indonesian. In recent years however the reinvigorated search for roots and identity has also produced several academic studies.

2290:). Notably in France, however, the persistent official policy of "color blindness" makes the concept of minorities, and policies to counter racism, different in modern French culture from America and the UK. This however, is and should be considered as distinct from actual expressions of prejudice in France, regardless of official policy. 1900:. Overall, there are over 8 million people of Caribbean heritage. Cubans, Dominicans, Jamaicans, Haitians, Trinidadians and Tobagonians are the largest groups. Caribbeans are likely to be employed at the same rate as the general immigrant population and at a higher rate than native born Americans. According to a report in the 2746:, the second largest city in the country, close to 50% of the inhabitants were of foreign descent. The Indo community however is considered the best integrated ethnic and cultural minority in the Netherlands. Statistical data compiled by the CBS shows that Indos belong to the group with the lowest crime rates in the country. 2225:, when privileged families and those with connections to the colonial government often sent their children to France to study. In addition to high achievement in education, the Vietnamese population in France is also largely successful economically. When the first major wave of Vietnamese migrants arrived in France during 118:. Consequently, this perpetuates the propagation of a 'model minority myth', asserting that Asian and Jewish Americans are exemplary law-abiding and productive citizens or immigrants, while concurrently reinforcing the stereotype that Indigenous and African American communities are predisposed to criminal behavior and 1428:

22.4 million in 2019. Due to their high rate of immigration, the Asian American population nearly doubled from 11.9 to 22.4 million in the period between 2000 and 2019 – an 88% increase. For reference, the Black population grew by 20% during this span, while there was virtually no change in the White population.

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A CBS study of 1999 reveals that of all foreign born groups living in the Netherlands, only the Indos have an average income similar to that of citizens born in the Netherlands. Job participation in government, education and health care is similar as well. Another recent CBS study, among foreign born

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Notwithstanding the fact that Indos in the former colony of the Dutch East Indies were officially part of the European legal class and were formally considered to be Dutch nationals, the Dutch government practiced an official policy of discouragement with regard to the post-WWII repatriation of Indos

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populace. Unlike their counterparts in North America and Australia, Laotians in France have a high rate of educational success and are well-represented in the academic and professional sectors, especially among the generations of French-born Lao. Due to better linguistic and cultural knowledge of the

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suggests that the high academic achievement by Nigerian students is mainly from most of the pupils already having learned English in their home country. Additionally, many of them hail from the wealthier segments of Nigerian society, which can afford to pursue studies abroad. A notable example of the

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of African immigrants. For example, it is claimed they often integrate into American society more successfully and at higher rates than other immigrants groups due to social factors. One being that many African immigrants have strong English skills even before entering the U.S., many African nations,

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in the United States have only arrived since the 1990s and that African immigrants make up a disproportionately small percentage of immigrants coming to the United States such as in 2007 alone African immigrants made up only 3.7% of all immigrants in coming to the United States and again in 2009 they

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Since the creation of the model minority stereotype, Asian Americans have exceeded White Americans in terms of their level of education, as well as many other racial and ethnic groups in American society. As of 2012, Asian Americans as a whole are considered as having obtained the highest educational

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are often more financially stable than their counterparts who settled in North America, Australia and the rest of Europe, due to better linguistic and cultural knowledge of the host country, which allowed them to enter the education system and/or higher paying professions with little trouble. Within

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The model minority stereotype is emotionally damaging to many Asian Americans, since there are unjustified expectations to live up to stereotypes of high achievement. The pressures from their families to achieve and live up to the model minority image have taken a tremendous mental and psychological

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Despite this progress amongst Southeast Asian American students, the subgroup still struggles economically. Similar to data on academic achievement, information regarding Asian American's economic prospects is frequently aggregated and thus hides the diversity of economic struggles amongst subgroups

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The most highly educated group of Asian immigrants are Taiwanese. Education rates of Southeast Asians are low, but these numbers can be considered misleading, as a large percent comes from adult immigrants who came to the United States without any college education due to war. For ages 25 to 34, 45%

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The model minority model also points to the percentage of Asian Americans at elite universities. Model minority proponents claim that while Asian Americans are only 5% of the U.S. population, they are over-represented at all these schools. Additionally, Asian Americans go on to win a high proportion

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stereotype that was no more than a mere annoyance. Many believe that the stereotype comes with more positives than negatives. In contrast, many critics believe that there are just as many negatives as there are positives, or they believe that stereotypes should never be regarded as "good," no matter

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social context, groups such as those with Asian heritage or Jewish heritage are believed to score high on perceived competence but low on perceived warmth and thus are thought to fall into the category of the 'envied outgroup' within the context of this stereotype. Additional studies have shown that

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and possessing a relatively small percentage of immigrants, Vietnamese account for only 2% of the general population, but make up 17% of the prep school population. Another note of Vietnamese Germans' academic success is that even though they can grow up in poverty in places like East Germany, they

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This pushing of second generation African immigrants by their parents has proven to be the key factor in their success, and a combination of family support and the emphasis of family unit has given these citizens social and psychological stability which makes them strive even further for success in

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Black immigrants from Black majority countries are, upon their arrival, revealed to be much healthier than Black people from countries that are not majority Black and where they constitute a minority. Thus, African immigrants are, after arriving, often much healthier than American-born Black people

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have become one of the country's biggest contributors to the economy, their contribution, amounting to US$ 1 billion in annual remittances which are disproportionately large contributions despite a community and population of less than 13,000. African immigrants like many other immigrant groups are

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Asian Americans may also be commonly stereotyped by the general public as being studious, intelligent, successful, elitist, brand name conscious, yet paradoxically passive. As a result, Asian Americans have felt as though they have higher and unreasonable expectations due to their race. Also due to

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Arguably, the model minority stereotype masks the socioeconomic under performance of other Asian American subgroups and the experiences of Southeast Asian American populations in the U.S. serve to refute the model minority stereotype. For context, Southeast Asian Americans consist of several ethnic

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Furthermore, the model minority image can be a threat to underachieving Asian American students' academic experience and educational advancement. It promotes invisibility and disguises the academic barriers and psychological problems students may encounter. This is problematic because it creates a

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I am fed up with being stereotyped as either a subhuman or superhuman creature. Certainly I am proud of the academic and economic successes of Chinese Americans.… But it's important for people to realize that there is another side.… It is about time for the media to report on Chinese Americans the

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As cited in a case study, many deficits of Southeast Asian American students' academic achievement can be attributed to the structural barriers of living in an immigrant household. Many Southeast Asian American students are children of refugees from countries at war. While the parents of Southeast

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suggest Caribbean immigrants are associated with low crime rates. According to a report drawn from Immigration Studies (CIS), various Caribbean communities are among the top immigrant homeowners in America. The non-Hispanic Caribbean community tend to earn more than the American average. In 2018,

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schools that are Black, a majority, about 50–66%, was made up of Black African immigrants, Caribbean immigrants, and American born to those immigrants. Many top universities report that a disproportionate of the Black student population consists of recent immigrants, their children, or were mixed

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immigrants do not represent the actual Asian American population as a whole, nor the populations of their home countries. While 50% of Chinese immigrants in the U.S. have a bachelor's degree, only 5% of the population does in their native China. Lastly, if Confucian culture played a vital part of

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Asian Americans are the nation's fastest growing ethnic group due to their high rate of immigration. 59% of all Asian Americans are foreign born. The majority of Asian Americans are either 1st or 2nd generation immigrants, with the Asian-American population increasing from only 980,000 in 1960 to

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Another effect of the stereotype is that American society may tend to ignore the racism and discrimination Asian Americans still face. Complaints are dismissed with the claim that the racism which occurs to Asian Americans is less important than or not as bad as the racism faced by other minority

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However, certain Southeast Asian ethnic groups have shown greater progress than others within the regional group and resemble the success of other more established Asian Americans. As cited in a case study, Vietnamese American students are beginning to show comparable rates of academic success to

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Moving on to higher education, the 2010 U.S. Census shows that 52% of Asian Americans ages 25 and over hold a bachelor's degree or higher, which is higher than the national American average of 29.9%. In contrast, the percentage of individuals aged 25 and over holding a bachelor's degree or higher

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had management or professional jobs, compared with a national average of 33%. Indian Americans, along with Japanese and Filipino Americans, have some of the lowest poverty rates for all communities, as well as one of the lowest rates of single parent households (7%, versus the national average of

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Two factors are usually attributed to the essence of their apparently seamless assimilation into Dutch society: Dutch citizenship and the amount of 'Dutch cultural capital', in the form of school attainments and familiarity with the Dutch language and culture, that Indos already possessed before

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period (1945–1946) accumulated in almost 20,000 deaths. The Indo diaspora continued up to 1964 and resulted in the emigration of practically all Indo-Europeans from a turbulent young Indonesian nation. Even though most Indos had never set foot in the Netherlands before, this emigration was named

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or Nigerians, and they often come from highly educated and highly qualified backgrounds. Many African immigrants have low levels of unemployment, and some groups are known for their high rates of self-employment, as can be seen in the case of Nigerian immigrants. Certain groups outside of having

510:, an example of the model minority stereotype are phenomena such as the high rates of educational attainment and above average household incomes in the Indian American community. Pointing to generalized data, another argument for the model minority stereotype is generalized data such as from the 208:

were significantly more negative than those using other positive attributes. Other scholars have discussed the potential for the stereotype to be the 'positive spin' on the money-mad, stealing and/or greedy Jew or Asian. Recent additional studies have delved into the role of jealous prejudice in

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are viewed as a model minority, which whether seen as a 'positive' or 'negative' supports the stereotype of Asian Canadians as solely driven by professional and economic success, dehumanizing them in comparison to other groups. The majority of this is aimed toward the East Asian and South Asian

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The overrepresentation of the highly skilled can be seen in the relatively high share of Black African immigrants with at least a four-year college degree. In 2007, 27 percent of the U.S. population aged 25 and older had a four-year degree or more; 10% had a master's, doctorate, or professional

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The average annual personal income of African immigrants is about $ 26,000, nearly $ 2,000 more than that of workers born in the U.S. This might be because 71% of the Africans 16 years and older are working, compared to 64% of Americans. This is believed to be due larger percentage of African

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Overall, the model minority stereotype has negative effects on underachieving Asian students in both their home and school settings. It is a threat to Asian American students' academic experience and can disguise students' educational and mental health needs. Psychological distress from model

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Although third- and fourth-generation Indos are part of a fairly large minority community in the Netherlands, the path of assimilation ventured by their parents and grandparents has left them with little knowledge of their actual roots and history, even to the point that they find it hard to

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shows that most of the existing data used to justify the model minority image regarding Asian American academic achievement is aggregated. As a result, this data ignores important differences among individual Asian ethnic groups. Although many Asian Americans have succeeded academically and

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Those who resisted the emergent stereotype in the 1960s–1980s could not gain enough support to combat it due to its so-called "positive" connotations. At the time, this led many, even within the Asian American community, to either view it as a welcomed label in contrast to years of negative

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and discrimination which were all being practiced at that time. At that time however, Asian Americans were also marginalized and racially segregated, which meant that they also represented lower economic levels and faced the same social issues which other racial and ethnic minorities faced.

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areas. African Immigrants and Americans born of African immigrants have been reported as having some of the lowest crime rates in the United States and being one of the unlikeliest groups to go into or commit crime. African immigrants have even been reported to have lowered crime rates in

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Kefa M. Otiso has proposed another reason for the success of African immigrants, saying that they have a "high work ethic, focus and a drive to succeed that is honed and crafted by the fact that there are limited socioeconomic opportunities in their native African countries," says Otiso.

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Asia is easily the most populous continent with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15% of the earth's populace, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than

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is considered detrimental to relevant minority communities because it is used to justify the exclusion of such groups in the distribution of (public and private) assistance programs, and it is also used to understate or slight the achievements of individuals within that minority.

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period, all Dutch (language) institutions, schools and businesses were gradually eliminated and public discrimination and racism against Indos in the Indonesian job market continued. In the end 98% of the original Indo community repatriated to their distant fatherland in Europe.

1352:. Believing that due to their success and that they possess so-called "positive" stereotypes, many assume they face no forms of racial discrimination or social issues in the greater American society, and that their community is fine, having "gained" social and economic equality. 1616:

While scholars of the civil rights era relied on cultural values to describe the varying successes of Asian Americans and African Americans, contemporary scholars have begun to examine the effects of the different types of racism the two ethnic groups experience. Essentially,

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minority. Proponents of the model minority model erroneously assumed that Asian Americans' perseverance, strong work ethic, and general determination to succeed were extensions of their supposedly quiet natures, rather than common characteristics among most immigrants. Among

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In the 2000 U.S. census, it was revealed that African immigrants were the most educated immigrant group in the United States even when compared to Asian immigrants. Some 48.9% of all African immigrants hold a college diploma. This is more than double the rate of native-born

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Anh, Nguyen The (May 1987). "New Lamps for Old: The Transformation of the Vietnamese Administrative Elite. By Truong Buu Lam with the collaboration of Mai Van Lam. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1982. (Occasional Paper, no. 66.) 60 pp. $ 7.45 (paper)".

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are viewed as a model minority due to attaining above average socioeconomic indicators than the New Zealand average, though the phenomenon remains small, underground, and not as widespread compared with their American counterparts. In a study of a popular New Zealand

2688:), a community of about 300,000 Indo-Europeans (people of mixed Indonesian and European heritage) was registered as Dutch citizens. Indos formed the vast majority of the European legal class in the colony. When in the second half of the 20th century the independent 1981:

strong English skills have found success mostly because many who immigrated to the UK are already highly educated and highly skilled professionals who come with jobs and positions such as business people, academics, traders, doctors and lawyers as is the case with

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Asia is a much larger pool of skilled workers as the continent has 4.2 billion people, 60% of the world population. This far outnumbers the next two most populous continents of Africa (15% total world population) and Europe (10%). 82% of Asian American workers in

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Poon, OiYan; Squire, Dian; Kodama, Corinne; Byrd, Ajani; Chan, Jason; Manzano, Lester; Furr, Sara; Bishundat, Devita (June 2016). "A Critical Review of the Model Minority Myth in Selected Literature on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Higher Education".

1601:, which argues for the need to intervene in African American families in order to establish familial values similar to those of Asian Americans. Other examples where people have been concerned about the potential political weaponization of this idea included 1840:. The relative difficulty of emigrating and immigrating into the United States has created a selective nature of the process with the U.S. often choosing the wealthier and more educated out of those with less resources, motivation or ability to immigrate. 1697:

In 1997, 19.4% of all adult African immigrants in the United States held a graduate degree, compared to 8.1% of adult white Americans and 3.8% of adult Black Americans in the United States. According to the 2000 Census, the percentage of Africans with a

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conversations with movements like #ModelMinorityMutiny." In his paper, "Education and the Socialization of Asian Americans: A Revisionist Analysis of the 'Model Minority Thesis'", B. Suzuki, a researcher of multicultural and Asian American studies at

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noted that when taking into account the data recorded over the years, Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel. In 2016 Christian Arabs had the highest rates of success at

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are more similar to the Jewish population than to the Muslim Arab population. They have the lowest incidence of poverty and the lowest percentage of unemployment which is 4.9% compared to 6.5% among Jewish men and women. They have also the highest

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82 percent of all H-1B visas issued in 2016 went to India and China. 85,000 H-1B visas are issued every year while 100,000 more are extended or re-issued. Last year, 126,692 of them went to recipients from India, 21,657 were issued to Chinese

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by governments is unnecessary to address socioeconomic disparities among particular racial groups. Primarily evident in the American context, this argument has been employed to draw contrasts between Asian Americans (particularly those of

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and Black immigrants from Europe, though there is some evidence that as they settle, their health declines to the levels of their native counterparts, suggesting racial discrimination may be a factor in poor health for these communities.

3852: 1819:. Because of this, many African immigrants to the U.S. are bilingual. Overall, 70% of Black African immigrants either speak English as their primary language or speak another language but are also fluent in English. Compare this to 48% 213:, noting that the theory of the venting of frustrations on an innocent but weak target is a notion that is part of popular "folk psychology" and should be re-examined, arguing instead that envious prejudice plays a relevant role in 10125: 446:

how "positive" they are intended to be. Scientific studies have revealed that both socially and psychologically, positive stereotypes have many negative and damaging consequences. According to Marita Etcubañez, a director of

1389:, and racism from other races due to the racially divisive model minority stereotype. The higher expectations placed on East Asians as a result of the model minority stereotype carries over from academics to the workplace. 9163:

The Copts, who were 7 percent of the population in the nineteenth century, still played the major role in managing Egypt's state finances. They held 20 percent of total state capital, 45 percent of government employment

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have been described as an "Invisible Model Minority," primarily as a result of a high degree of success in the United States. Due to misconceptions and stereotypes, their success has not been acknowledged by the greater

450:, misconceptions about Asian Americans have an effect on government policy, as "politicians won't talk about our community's needs if they assume people don't require assistance." According to Yanan Wang writing for the 2757:

Although Indo repatriates, being born overseas, are officially registered as Dutch citizens of foreign descent, their Eurasian background puts them in the Western sub-class instead of the Non-Western (Asian) sub-class.

433:, in which they fought for their own equal rights and the resolution of their own specific social issues. It would be modeled after the Civil Rights Movement, thus, it would effectively challenge White America and the 1312:, and noted the contrast between that stereotype and what he observed as the reality of the Chinese-American population, which was much more varied than the model minority stereotype in the media typically presented. 2133:

still played the major role in managing Egypt's state finances. They held 20% of total state capital, 45% of government employment, and 45% of government salarie". According to scholar J. D. Pennington 45% of the

9516: 1835:

Another possible cause of the higher performance of African immigrants as a group is that they represent a small population in America so those who are chosen to come here often come from a selective group of

2384:

has described the Christian Arab sectors as "the most successful in education system," since Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in

1454:

Cultural factors are thought to be part of the reason why East Asian Americans are successful in the United States. East Asian societies often place more resources and emphasis on education. For example,

469:, disagrees with how the media has portrayed Asian Americans. Explaining the sociohistorical background of the contemporary social system, Suzuki argues that the model minority stereotype is a myth. 259:

in different ways. Critics also argue that the idea perpetuates the belief that any minority has the capability to economically rise without assistance because it ignores the differences between the

191:

There are a wide variety of theories categorizing types of prejudices, and different types of prejudices are believed to be more at play towards different particular groups, one such model being the

1367:

barrier for educators to better understand and assist struggling students' educational and mental health needs in order to optimize students' academic experience and social emotional development.

2547:

was higher among Arab Christian students than that of all other sectors. and the percentage of Arab Christian women who are receiving higher education is also higher than that of other groups.

10574:

Note: The academic definition in sociological studies often used to determine first-generation Indos: Indo repatriates that could consciousnessly make the decision to immigrate. As of age 12.

5649: 8016: 1416:

One possible cause of the higher performance of Asian Americans as a group is that they represent a small population in America so those who are chosen to move to America often come from a

9097: 2094:

types, but limited representation in security agencies. The majority of demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators are similar among Copts and Muslims. Historically; many Copts were

3826: 2456:

sector have been educated in Christian schools. A 2011 Maariv article described the Christian Arab sector as "the most successful in the education system," an opinion supported by the

2262:

have experienced an apparently privileged position in French society, leading to being called one of France's model minorities. This has also been the subject of recent scholarship by

8634: 2282:, the model minority myth is associated with the South-East Asian community in France. Ly denounces the positive stereotypes associated with the Asian community in France in her book 10089:"Christians in Israel Well-Off, Statistics Show: Christians in Israel are prosperous and well-educated – but some fear that Muslim intimidation will cause a mass escape to the West" 1420:

of Asians. The relative difficulty of emigrating and immigrating into the United States has created a selective nature of the process with the U.S. often choosing the wealthier and

1661:, as well as other Western societies, hence the label of "invisible". The invisibility of the success of Africans was touched upon by Dr. Kefa M. Otiso, an academic professor from 1223:

15%). Indian Americans also earn the highest average income out of all national origin/ethnic groups. This has resulted in several stereotypes such as that of the "Indian Doctor".

2619:

have been seen favorably by Tijuanenses as model immigrants due to their work ethic and integration into Tijuana society, and have been contrasted with Central American migrants.

1888:. Though this fails to explain why poverty, corruption, violence, ethnic conflict, and generally poor socioeconomic conditions continue to plague African nations such as Nigeria. 1641:

to America which surpasses the averages of all native-born American ethnic groups. Additionally, Black African immigrant women make up the highest paid group of women in country.

1597:

suggested that fostering cultural change amongst African Americans was essential to address the overall issue of racial inequality. This is illustrated through Moynihan's paper,

1757:

Outside of educational success, specific groups have found economic success and have made many contributions to American society. For example, recent statistics indicate that

10639: 9215: 7122:

Gupta, Arpana (2011). "The 'model minority myth': Internalized racialism of positive stereotypes as correlates of psychological distress, and attitudes toward help-seeking".

1754:

immigrants have higher educational qualifications than Americans, which results in higher per capita incomes for African immigrants and Americans born to African immigrants.

9423: 1546:

school found evidence it had limited admissions of Asian American students. Because of their high degree of success as a group and over-representation in many areas such as

268: 1609:

proposed mandate for Asian American studies which was criticized by many in the Asian American community for proposing the mandate while simultaneously banning courses on

2734:

society. Ethnic tensions, rooted in the perceived lack of social integration and rise of crime rates of several ethnic minorities, climaxed with the murders of politician

142: 5305: 12270: 7286: 2229:, a number of migrants already held professional occupations in their new country shortly after their arrival. More recently, refugees who arrived in France after the 10058: 8361: 8073: 6126: 5886: 1770:

have recently been establishing ethnic enclaves of their own at much higher rates to reap the benefits of such communities. Examples of such ethnic enclaves include

99: 6551:

Wong, Paul; Lai, Chienping; Nagasawa, Richard; Lin, Tieming (1998). "Asian Americans as a Model Minority: Self-Perceptions and Perceptions by Other Racial Groups".

1297:

Media coverage of the increasing success of Asian Americans as a group began in the 1960s, reporting high average test scores and marks in school, winning national

4315: 575:, which federally recognized the existence of AAPISIs, making them eligible for federal funding and designation as minority serving institutions. According to the 8973:"From Yellow Peril to Model Minority? A Comparative Analysis of a Newspaper's Depiction of the Chinese in New Zealand at the Start of the 20th and 21st Centuries" 10671: 1852:

Many of these American groups have thus transplanted high cultural emphasis on education and work ethic into their cultures which can be seen in the cultures of

10421: 5846: 3376: 2311: 11206: 10229: 8334: 7630: 9365: 2428:

According to the study "Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel" by Hanna David from the

2221:

The educational attainment rate of the Vietnamese population in France is the highest among overseas Vietnamese populations, a legacy that dates back to the

8555: 10488: 7315: 6831: 6641:

Kim, Rebecca (Spring 2002). "Ethnic Differences in Academic Achievement between Vietnamese and Cambodian Children: Cultural and Structural Explanations".

6452: 5975: 9501: 6151: 3579: 1507:. It also implies Asians are a monolithic group, and ignores the fact that the most educated group of Asian immigrants in the U.S. are Indians, for whom 8024: 2704:

turned the former Dutch East Indies into an increasingly hostile environment for Indo-Europeans. Violence aimed towards Indo-Europeans during its early

2040:

as a model minority that silently achieves" and this was "not in line with overseas research, suggesting that this stereotype merits further analysis".

12275: 10449:

van Amersfoort, Hans; van Niekerk, Mies (April 2006). "Immigration as a Colonial Inheritance: Post-Colonial Immigrants in the Netherlands, 1945–2002".

7792: 2167:

estimated the family's net worth at $ 36 billion. According to scholars Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein argue that Copts have relatively higher

1613:, one of the fears being the use of Asian American history to promote discrimination against other minorities through an "untruthful representation". 4710: 4093: 456:, since the 1960s, "the idea that Asian Americans are distinct among minority groups and therefore immune to the challenges which are faced by other 11138: 6355: 5510: 2520:

group. Despite the fact that Arab Christians only represent 2.1% of the total Israeli population, in 2014 they accounted for 17.0% of the country's

8438: 3530: 10032: 9090: 7256: 4899: 2460:

and others who point out that Christian Arabs fared best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel.

1969:, which have attracted many educated and highly skilled African immigrants with enough resources for them to start a new life in these countries. 1789:

over the next few generations as they try to acquire economic and social stability. They are also one of America's least likely groups to live in

1633:. Such generalizations regarding Black peoples' inability to thrive in the United States fail to explain the high levels of success seen by Black 1500:

changed the way Asians were seen, as Asians with higher education backgrounds were selectively chosen from a larger pool of the Asian population.

7213:

The nation's Asian population rose to 11.9 million by 2000 and then nearly doubled to 22.4 million by 2019 – an 88% increase within two decades.

6427: 4952: 1622: 498: 447: 6177: 1381:

from being given attention that they need. The connotations of being a model minority mean Asian students are often labeled with the unpopular "

7615: 6890:

Kiang, Lisa (2016). "Model Minority Stereotyping, Perceived Discrimination, and Adjustment Among Adolescents from Asian American Backgrounds".

6086: 5359: 3451: 1598: 10538: 9784: 6609:"Educational attainment and unemployment among Asians in the United States : The Economics Daily : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics" 5819: 2651:

made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.

2242:

Similarly to the Vietnamese, the Laotian community in France is one of the most well-integrated into the country and is the most established

1574: 1486:. In the mid-1800s, Asian immigrants were recruited in the United States as laborers for agriculture and to aid in the building of the first 1266:

socioeconomically, survey research shows that recent immigrant groups, such as Southeast Asians, have been unable to replicate such success.

8638: 8017:"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 2562:

show that 61% of Christian Arabs were eligible for university studies, compared to 50% of Jewish, 45% of Druze, and 35% of Muslim students.

10258: 8787:"The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda and Bangladesh" 8282: 6484:

Ngo, Bic; Lee, Stacey (December 2007). "Complicating the Image of Model Minority Success: A Review of Southeast Asian American Education".

4098: 328:

which, consequently, lift them above "problem minorities". Petersen believed that the success of Asian Americans paralleled the success of

10751:

Clark, E. Audrey; Hanisee, Jeanette (July 1982). "Intellectual and adaptive performance of Asian children in adoptive American settings".

9251: 8046: 2440:

in Israel are among the best schools in the country, and while those schools represent only 4% of the Arab schooling sector, about 34% of

11160: 4068: 3672: 3214: 1762:

likely to establish and find success in small businesses. Many Africans that have seen the social and economic stability that comes from

1524:

are the lowest academic achievers among immigrant groups in the country, and less than half are expected to graduate from middle school.

1226:

It should however be noted that there are still pockets of poverty within the community, with around 8% classified as living in poverty.

7174: 12300: 6031:"How 9/11 Destroyed the Muslim Model-Minority Myth: For people of my generation, the attacks inaugurated a new political consciousness" 3361: 165: 8943: 2583:

and second highest median household income among the Israeli ethno-religious groups. Also Arab Christians have a high presentation in

11755: 8478: 8387: 8111: 6963:

Li, Guofang (2005). "Other People's Success: Impact of the "Model Minority" Myth on Underachieving Asian Students in North America".

7973: 6982: 10646: 10283: 9395: 8735: 8504: 3296: 3184: 2927: 1649: 1634: 1374:

Another result of Asian American's regarded as a model minority is limiting the amount of accepted applicants to certain colleges.

1317:

way they are. Some are superachievers, most are average citizens, and a few are criminals. They are only human—no more and no less.

478: 11191: 10202: 9427: 9055:

Catlos, Brian A. (October 2014). "Accursed, Superior Men: Ethno-Religious Minorities and Politics in the Medieval Mediterranean".

1933:

are all political exiles who have become wealthy in the United States. This story is often used to prove the accessibility of the

11687: 6030: 1496: 1210:, because of their high aggregate socioeconomic success. According to the census report on Asian Americans issued in 2004 by the 406: 169: 9233: 8728: 6863:

Suzuki, Bob (2002). "Revisiting the Model Minority Stereotype: Implications for Student Affairs Practice and Higher Education".

12290: 11099:(1). Dietrich College General Education Program: Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences:Carnegie Mellon University. 10151:"David, H. (2014). Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel" 8764: 7548: 6045: 5416: 4811: 3535: 3306: 3134: 3119: 3114: 2960: 1630: 413:, citing the accomplishments of Asian Americans, argued that African Americans could raise their communities up by focusing on 8812: 11025: 10890: 10846: 10831: 10351: 7591: 7484:

Goyette, Kimberly; Xie, Yu (1999). "Educational Expectations of Asian American Youths: Determinants and Ethnic Differences".

7038: 6411: 6321: 6070: 5920: 5633: 5580: 5546: 4924: 4869: 4839: 3366: 3099: 8262:"Egyptian Americans – History, Significant immigration waves, Acculturation and Assimilation, Cuisine, Traditional clothing" 6338: 5799: 2692:

was established, the majority of Europeans, including the Indo-Europeans, were expelled from the newly established country.

2629:

was encouraged due to the perceived industriousness of Germans. German Mexicans were instrumental in the development of the

12280: 12213: 10066: 8071: 7124: 6524: 3874: 3189: 3011: 9517:"Grace Ly, autrice : " Quand ma mère me parlait devant l'école, j'entendais les moqueries, les imitations d'accent "" 8998: 8680: 7945: 7446:

Sue, Stanley; Okazaki, Sumie (1990). "Asian-American educational achievements: A phenomenon in search of an explanation".

5719: 497:

There has been a significant change in the perceptions of Asian Americans. In as little as 100 years of American history,

11692: 11279: 4520: 4190: 4103: 3994: 3662: 3482: 3124: 3109: 2559: 2509: 2469: 2457: 501:

have changed from them being viewed as poor uneducated laborers to being portrayed as a hard-working, well-educated, and

466: 7273:

The vast majority of the Asian STEM workforce is foreign born (82%) as is the Asian workforce overall in the U.S. (81%).

5538:

Model Minority Myth Revisited: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Demystifying Asian American Educational Experiences (Hc)

1406: 394:

printed success stories of Asian Americans. Racial attacks against Asian Americans were reported since the early 1980s.

11672: 11667: 11648: 11643: 11630: 10861: 10812: 10505: 10425: 10007: 9587: 8786: 7679: 7652: 6696: 4088: 3562: 2887: 115: 10675: 8582: 5774: 11249: 11006: 10985: 10948: 10912: 10883:

Model Minority Myth Revisited: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Demystifying Asian American Educational Experiences.

10744: 10704: 10595: 10515: 9156: 9131: 8592: 8205:

Dixon, D. (2006). Characteristics of the African Born in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. January, 2006

8112:"Black immigrants from Africa arrive healthier than those from Europe, suggesting racial discrimination harms health" 6767: 6522:

Tran, Nellie; Birman, Dina (2010). "Questioning the model minority: Studies of Asian American academic performance".

6198: 5729: 5228: 4999: 3736: 3567: 3063: 3041: 2336:

Another group in Germany that is extremely academically successful and is comparable to that of a model minority are

1977: 1570: 1456: 397:

Some scholars have described the creation of the model minority theory as a partial response to the emergence of the

11126:"Asian Americans are Still Caught in the Trap of the 'Model Minority' Stereotype. And it Creates Inequality for All" 9610:

Von Berg, Stefan; Darnstädt, Thomas; Elger, Katrin; Hammerstein, Konstantin von; Hornig, Frank; Wensierski, Peter: "

7196: 5850: 12315: 11741: 11697: 11677: 9886: 5913:

Model Minority Myth Revisited: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Demystifying Asian American Educational Experiences

4473: 4310: 4210: 3667: 3557: 8413: 2504:

are one of the most educated groups in Israel. Statistically, Arab Christians in Israel have the highest rates of

2436:

are the most educated segment of Israel's population is the high level of the Christian educational institutions.

11736: 11656: 10373: 4063: 3574: 3336: 3139: 1621:

in itself is not monolithic. Instead, it is perpetrated in different ways and different avenues of life in which

576: 538: 391: 387: 235:

for falling short of the model minority level of achievement. The concept has been criticized by outlets such as

11106:"Model Minority Myths: Solidarity and Responsibility between the Asian American and Jewish American Communities" 10486: 6223:(Report). National Commission on Asian American and Pacific Islander Research in Education, College Board. 2008. 1443:, a work permit that allows skilled foreign workers to go to the United States and work for American companies. 12285: 11866: 11702: 9293: 9269: 8239: 6838: 6404:

Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education

5990: 3199: 2701: 2675: 2033: 1982: 1662: 585:, Asian Americans have the lowest total arrest rates despite a younger average age, and high family stability. 414: 297: 138: 10507:'Indisch is een gevoel': de tweede en derde generatie Indische Nederlanders – Marlene de Vries – Google Boeken 9341: 8944:"GUILT, SHAME AND MODEL MINORITIES: HOW SOUTH ASIAN YOUTH IN TORONTO NAVIGATE THE CANADIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM" 7168: 7166: 7164: 5118:"When Being a Model Minority is Good ...and Bad: Realistic Threat Explains Negativity Towards Asian Americans" 5079:"Stereotype Content Model Explains Prejudice for an Envied Outgroup: Scale of Anti-Asian American Stereotypes" 3341: 1446:

As of May 2016, 77% of the 1.2 million international students enrolled in the United States hailed from Asia.

220:

The concept of the model minority has generated controversy due to its historical application to suggest that

93:

The concept of the model minority has generated controversy due to its historical application to suggest that

11779: 11726: 11716: 11682: 9758: 9317: 8669:. Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Occasional Paper. Vol. 57. Durham: University of Durham. 7871:"Demographics and Statistics of Immigrants: Asian-Nation: Asian American History, Demographics, & Issues" 6933:

Wong, Frieda; Halgin, Richard (January 2006). "The 'Model Minority': Bane or Blessing for Asian Americans?".

5692: 5603: 4742: 4458: 3179: 2739: 2341: 1781:

Demographically, African Immigrants and Americans born of African immigrants tend to typically congregate in

1566: 248: 244: 176: 10975: 6999:

Bunzel, John H; Au, Jeffrey K. D. (Spring 1987). "Diversity or Discrimination?-Asian Americans in College".

6737:

Philip K. Chiu, "ROSTRUM: The myth of the model minority." U.S. News & World Report. May 16, 1988. p. 7.

2234:

a single generation, the median income for French-born Vietnamese has risen above the French median income.

9938: 9912: 8308: 7161: 4021: 3969: 2950: 2920: 2345: 2316:

In Germany the academic success of people of Vietnamese origin has been called "Das vietnamesische Wunder"(

2307: 1902: 1771: 1658: 564: 131: 5204:"Sacrificial Lambs Dressed in Wolves' Clothing: Envious Prejudice, Ideology, and the Scapegoating of Jews" 11831: 11731: 11526: 11406: 10779:

Frydman, Marcel; Lynn, Richard (January 1989). "The intelligence of Korean children adopted in Belgium".

8972: 8020: 7377: 6380: 6353: 6247: 5063: 4653: 4505: 3924: 3525: 3471: 2348:

with only 50% attending a Gymnasium. Also, over 70% of second-generation Korean Germans hold at least an

2259: 2200: 2192: 1558: 1211: 511: 338: 289: 39: 8528: 8452: 8188: 7817: 204:

when describing a group with the term 'model minority' and associated attributes, responses towards the

12310: 11749: 11721: 10875: 10823: 10804: 8710:, Understanding Population Trends and Processes Research Findings, Economic and Social Research Council 8556:"Haitian immigrants and the Greater Caribbean community of New York City: challenges and opportunities" 8167:"Kenyan Americans – History, Modern era, Significant immigration waves, Acculturation and Assimilation" 8089: 7818:"Table FBP-1: Profile of Selected Demographic and Social Characteristics: People born in Nigeria: 2000" 7523: 4762: 3547: 3234: 2965: 2555: 1305: 581: 571:-serving institutions (AAPISI) did not receive federal recognition until 2007, with the passage of the 260: 7846:"Table FBP-1: Profile of Selected Demographics and Social Characteristics: People born in Egypt: 2000" 7845: 6217: 1733:

made up only 3.9% of all immigrants making this group a fairly recent to the United States diversity.

460:

is a particularly sensitive issue in the community, which has recently fought to reclaim its place in

153:

in a manner which is similar to the stereotype of the model minority. Generalized statistics, such as

11797: 11511: 11199: 7631:"DeSantis criticized for mandating Asian American history while banning courses on 'systemic racism'" 6714:"Comparative Racialization and Unequal Justice in the Era of Black Lives Matter: The Dylan Yang Case" 6175: 5257: 4953:"A blessing with a curse: model minority ethnic students and the construction of educational success" 4115: 3929: 3831: 3716: 3383: 3351: 3021: 2955: 2474: 2107: 1993: 1683: 1487: 1464: 1270: 50:

in comparison to the overall population average. Consequently, these groups are often regarded as a

11886: 11175: 10696: 7890:

Characteristics of the African Born in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. January, 2006

6015: 5459:"Correction appended to "How 'Crazy Rich' Asians Have Led to the Largest Income Gap in the U.S."". 4375: 4263: 4110: 3879: 3816: 3644: 3599: 3461: 3346: 3328: 3264: 3194: 3078: 2655:, one of the richest individuals in the world, is the topmost example of Lebanese Mexican success. 2153:

and land-owning families became very wealthy and influential such as the Egyptian Coptic Christian

1610: 264: 224:

by governments is unnecessary to address socioeconomic disparities among particular racial groups.

221: 192: 94: 10536: 8261: 5220: 12265: 11768: 11760: 11605: 11272: 11092: 10929: 8144: 7978: 7922: 7900: 6809: 6594: 4829: 4658: 4638: 4500: 4490: 4448: 4078: 3919: 3781: 3751: 3746: 3689: 3624: 3609: 3542: 3515: 3500: 2913: 2580: 2576: 2449: 2441: 1954: 1861: 1837: 1812: 1594: 1521: 1517: 1504: 1304:

In 1988, the writer Philip K. Chiu identified the prevalence of the model minority stereotype in

430: 75: 10262: 8166: 7994: 5399: 3726: 2730:

In the 1990s and early 21st century the Netherlands was confronted with ethnic tension in a now

12305: 12006: 11906: 11349: 11152:"The Model Minority Myth: How Its Generalizations Have Hurt Asian America and Other Minorities" 9255: 5385:"The Model Minority Myth: How Its Generalizations Have Hurt Asian America and Other Minorities" 4757: 4730: 4720: 4200: 4180: 4043: 3914: 3811: 3761: 3731: 3711: 3639: 3619: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3495: 3466: 3439: 3415: 3410: 3006: 2996: 2513: 2505: 2433: 2429: 2398: 2367: 2363: 2168: 2099: 2083: 2037: 1728:, respectively. This success comes in spite of facts such as that more than 75% of the African 1721: 1699: 568: 434: 205: 63: 59: 9424:"La Diaspora Vietnamienne En France Un Cas Particulier: La Region Parisienne — Eglises D'Asie" 6274: 5570: 2485:

Israelis (41% and 51.9% respectively), and to the students from the different branches of the

2247:

host country, Laotian immigrants to France, who largely came as refugees after the end of the

1705:

Of the African-born population in the United States age 25 and older, 87.9% reported having a

12320: 12031: 11816: 11710: 11317: 9759:"Demonstration of Christian Schools in Jerusalem – Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation" 7767: 7704: 7008: 4725: 4685: 4618: 4515: 4463: 4390: 4145: 3909: 3821: 3796: 3791: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3706: 3654: 3614: 3520: 3490: 3393: 3016: 2872: 2689: 1897: 1638: 1378: 429:

article about Asian Americans being the model minority was published, Asian Americans formed

398: 383: 103: 10839:

The Model Minority Stereotype Reader: Critical and Challenging Readings for the 21st Century

9835: 9717: 9543: 9216:"Naguib Sawiris: 'If God wanted women to be veiled, he would have created them with a veil'" 7974:"Shades of gray in black enrollment: Immigrants' rising numbers a concern to some activists" 7079:; Bodenhausen, Galen (2000). "When Positive Stereotypes Threaten Intellectual Performance". 5117: 5078: 12244: 12168: 12076: 11901: 11784: 11536: 11506: 11501: 11339: 11334: 11327: 10940: 10397: 7152: 4596: 4130: 4004: 3721: 3679: 3629: 3604: 3425: 3388: 3129: 2991: 2892: 2801: 2533: 2390: 2028: 1966: 1516:

Asian culture, Chinese immigrant children would perform consistently around the world, yet

1377:

Some educators hold Asian students to a higher standard. This deprives those students with

1240: 1215: 752: 670: 553: 549: 541: 516: 418: 146: 47: 10176: 10088: 9860: 9486: 8216: 8115: 7734: 7225: 2161:, spanning telecommunications, construction, tourism, industries and technology. In 2008, 1992:

were among the nine immigrant populations that were above average academically in the UK.

8: 12295: 12208: 12111: 12106: 11993: 11911: 11531: 11322: 10924: 10724: 9470: 7154:

The Role of the Model Minority Stereotype in Asian American Students' College Experiences

5986: 5654: 5360:"The Model Minority Myth and the Wedge Between Black and White America [Updated]" 4772: 4633: 4268: 4170: 4150: 3939: 3847: 3806: 3786: 3756: 3649: 3444: 3259: 2856: 2588: 2211: 2180: 2176: 2091: 1962: 1924: 1512: 1476: 1360: 1327: 1252: 1218:

or higher, the second highest for all national origin groups. In the same census, 60% of

784: 557: 158: 20: 9399: 8916:"Killing the Model Minority Stereotype: Asian American Counter – Stories and Complicity" 5253:"Testing the Model Minority Stereotype: Youth Behaviors across Racial and Ethnic Groups" 1807: 12091: 12051: 12046: 11951: 11891: 11836: 11521: 11416: 11369: 11344: 11312: 11265: 11079: 11071: 10466: 10290: 9809: 9741: 9197: 9072: 8897: 8864: 8839: 7950: 7609: 7501: 7428: 7420: 7104: 7055: 6946: 6915: 6576: 6568: 6501: 6080: 5956: 5943:"African Immigrants in the United States are the Nation's Most Highly Educated Group". 5491: 5279: 5252: 5203: 5184: 5045: 4975: 4545: 4540: 4530: 4478: 4468: 4443: 4385: 4343: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4155: 3456: 2846: 2841: 2831: 2811: 2806: 2616: 2592: 2354:

or higher educational qualification, more than twice the ratio of the rest of Germany.

2337: 2303: 2299: 2196: 2126: 1907: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1853: 1790: 1702:

is highest among Nigerian Americans at 28.3%, followed by Egyptian Americans at 23.8%.

1691: 1687: 1551: 1547: 1533: 804: 650: 620: 502: 355: 317: 119: 11105: 9611: 6218:

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Facts, not Fiction: Setting the Record Straight

5438: 12173: 12086: 12071: 12056: 12016: 12011: 12001: 11936: 11821: 11811: 11541: 11183: 11125: 11083: 11063: 11021: 11002: 10981: 10944: 10908: 10886: 10857: 10842: 10827: 10808: 10792: 10740: 10700: 10591: 10511: 10470: 10347: 10207: 9237: 9152: 9127: 9076: 9025:"Characterizing the Copts in Egypt: Demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators" 8869: 8739: 8588: 8432: 7597: 7587: 7463: 7432: 7096: 7034: 6907: 6763: 6756: 6692: 6684: 6608: 6505: 6407: 6317: 6262: 6066: 5974:

Paul Taylor; D'Vera Cohn; Wendy Wang; Jeffrey S. Passel; et al. (12 July 2012).

5973: 5916: 5725: 5629: 5576: 5542: 5495: 5284: 5224: 5176: 5137: 5098: 5049: 4804: 4715: 4643: 4628: 4427: 4370: 4175: 4083: 3974: 3894: 3741: 3046: 2877: 2816: 2681: 2612: 2248: 2111: 1911: 1869: 1590: 1578: 1309: 1262: 1248: 1236: 762: 742: 732: 660: 534: 530: 402: 371: 367: 333: 252: 150: 111: 71: 9656: 7870: 6919: 6580: 6043: 5424: 4979: 2550:

In 2013, Arab Christian students were also the vanguard in terms of eligibility for

1682:, and nearly four times the rate of native-born African Americans. According to the 1503:

Further, it has also been argued the myth of the Confucian emphasis on education is

12143: 12138: 12021: 11580: 11563: 11553: 11449: 11214: 11055: 10919: 10854:

Killing the Model Minority Stereotype: Asian American Counterstories and Complicity

10788: 10760: 10720: 10458: 10230:"Border Report: 'Many People Are Using Haitians to Discriminate Against Hondurans'" 9189: 9064: 9032: 8859: 8851: 8816: 7493: 7455: 7412: 7357: 7133: 7088: 6942: 6899: 6872: 6650: 6560: 6533: 6493: 5948: 5804: 5483: 5274: 5266: 5216: 5168: 5129: 5090: 5037: 4967: 4767: 4752: 4680: 4601: 4571: 4402: 4238: 3944: 3510: 3505: 3356: 3254: 2731: 2551: 2445: 2437: 2421: 2243: 2222: 2115: 1989: 1950: 1857: 1775: 1758: 1653: 1562: 1349: 1219: 814: 722: 690: 507: 379: 375: 154: 107: 67: 10315: 9686: 9625: 7362: 7345: 7108: 5650:"EMBATTLED KOREAN GROCERS WAIT OUT RACIALLY CHARGED BOYCOTT – The Washington Post" 4971: 4877: 537:(354,564 in 2000), and this trend of attending community college is accelerating. 12178: 12124: 12096: 12036: 11971: 11926: 11861: 11595: 11590: 11568: 11496: 11230: 10996: 10867: 10711:

Bian, Yanjie (August 2002). "Chinese Social Stratification and Social Mobility".

10585: 10554: 10542: 10492: 10341: 9448: 8077: 7012: 6713: 6359: 6342: 6336: 6181: 6049: 5890: 5778: 5536: 4782: 4690: 4586: 4535: 4395: 4380: 4360: 4325: 4038: 3949: 3884: 3684: 3634: 3420: 3279: 2861: 2851: 2821: 2608: 2596: 2571: 2537: 2517: 2501: 2482: 2413: 2394: 2377: 2135: 1997: 1958: 1930: 1763: 1709: 1679: 1666: 1483: 1460: 1436:

fields were foreign born, as well as 81% of the entirety of the Asian workforce.

1356: 1333: 1244: 1207: 640: 630: 482: 457: 452: 410: 363: 309: 301: 79: 55: 10617: 9502:"Is Paris Blurring: When talking Race in France, same problem, different accent" 8608: 8529:"Power of the Purse: The Contributions of Black Immigrants in the United States" 5474:

Freedman, Jonathan (2005). "Project MUSE – Transgressions of a Model Minority".

2409: 2110:

around the world in 2016, found that around 36% of Egyptian Christians obtain a

12203: 12193: 12163: 12081: 12026: 11615: 11585: 11444: 11411: 11364: 11359: 11354: 10925:

Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States

10764: 8765:"White British children outperformed by ethnic minority pupils, says thinktank" 7793:"Something You Should Know About African Immigrants in the US . ... Pass It On" 7459: 4777: 4735: 4705: 4695: 4613: 4606: 4591: 4581: 4417: 4353: 4295: 4290: 4275: 4058: 4053: 4048: 3934: 3869: 3398: 3371: 3224: 2936: 2900: 2826: 2796: 2788: 2230: 2154: 2067: 2058: 2014: 1973: 1934: 1468: 1417: 794: 461: 351: 305: 232: 228: 31: 11151: 11139:"The 'model minority' myth hurts Asian Americans – and even leads to violence" 11043: 10462: 9659:[Reverse Development Assistance – Korean labour migration in Germany] 9657:

Umgekehrte Entwicklungshilfe – Die koreanische Arbeitsmigration in Deutschland

9193: 9068: 8140: 6903: 6805: 6783: 6654: 5669: 5384: 5306:"'Model Minority' Myth Again Used As A Racial Wedge Between Asians and Blacks" 5156: 1669:

needs, enhancing American global economic and technological competitiveness."

12259: 12183: 12148: 11941: 11881: 11856: 11851: 11620: 11575: 11469: 11396: 11376: 11067: 10343:

Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies 1900–1942

9711: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9681: 9679: 9677: 8388:"Caribbean-Americans: An Invisible Minority Seeking Identity And Affirmation" 7601: 7076: 6497: 5333: 5180: 5133: 5094: 5041: 4789: 4412: 4348: 4333: 4195: 4160: 4140: 4011: 3954: 3889: 3301: 3204: 2836: 2263: 2158: 1816: 1786: 680: 474: 359: 329: 325: 313: 196: 9037: 9024: 8412:

Batalova, Jie Zong, Jeanne Batalova Jie Zong and Jeanne (13 February 2019).

7517: 7515: 7092: 6685:"The Model Minority and Perpetual Foreigner: Stereotypes of Asian Americans" 1511:

is virtually non-existent in their upbringing. It has also been argued that

12218: 12158: 12041: 11983: 11976: 11931: 11871: 11802: 11610: 11600: 11548: 11486: 11474: 11464: 11454: 11439: 11391: 11307: 10956:

The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority

9785:"With schools starved of funds, Christians question their future in Israel" 9561: 9023:

Mohamoud, Yousra A.; Cuadros, Diego F.; Abu-Raddad, Laith J. (March 2013).

8873: 7584:

The color of success: Asian Americans and the origins of the model minority

7100: 6911: 6595:"Educational attainment and unemployment among Asians in the United States" 5288: 5141: 5102: 4623: 4510: 4338: 4305: 4285: 4215: 4205: 4185: 4165: 3801: 3699: 3694: 3430: 3405: 3269: 3209: 3174: 3144: 2882: 2591:

professions. In Israel Arab Christians are portrayed as a hard working and

2558:

scores which eligible them to be accepted into universities, data from the

2215: 2122: 1729: 1713: 1606: 1491: 1298: 544:

are amongst those that have the highest concentrations of Asian Americans.

272: 214: 161: 87: 11059: 9700: 9674: 8840:"The Model Minority Myth: a threat to Asian Canadians in higher education" 8335:"Boko Haram violence displaces 1.4 million children in Nigeria and beyond" 7467: 5487: 5172: 2121:

According to the scholar Andrea Rugh Copts tend to belong to the educated

1336:, the reference to Asian Americans as model minorities has to do with the 12153: 11961: 11946: 11921: 11846: 11516: 11491: 11481: 11459: 11386: 11236: 10444: 10442: 10246:

Haitians have become the model immigrant in the eyes of many Tijuanenses.

9366:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination" 8888:

Gordon Pon (2000). "Importing the Model minority discourse into Canada".

8661: 7512: 4525: 4485: 4453: 4320: 4280: 4120: 4033: 3984: 3959: 3859: 3552: 3291: 3274: 3229: 3149: 2735: 2664: 2652: 2329: 2321: 2226: 2139: 2095: 2071: 2023: 1706: 1537: 1472: 1421: 526: 11075: 8901: 8855: 6373: 5188: 1482:

Others counter this notion of culture as a driving force, as it ignores

12228: 12223: 12198: 12133: 12066: 11956: 11401: 9963: 9201: 9177: 8915: 8362:"This little-known conflict in Nigeria is now deadlier than Boko Haram" 7505: 7424: 6572: 6127:"Asian Americans speak out against a decades-old 'model minority' myth" 5960: 5887:"Asian Americans speak out against a decades-old 'model minority' myth" 4799: 4794: 4675: 4670: 4566: 4550: 4407: 4300: 4258: 4220: 4028: 4016: 3989: 3979: 3899: 3318: 3313: 3284: 3219: 3068: 2529: 2521: 2143: 2103: 1782: 1767: 1737: 1725: 1717: 1626: 1543: 1337: 1259: 321: 184: 51: 10439: 7316:"New report notes 77 percent of international students hail from Asia" 6784:"Yellow Face: The documentary part 4 – Asian Americans do face racism" 6016:"Model Minority: The Model Minority Stereotype and its Racist History" 1439:

In 2016, Indian and Chinese nationals accounted for 82% of all issued

1424:

out of those with less resources, motivation or ability to immigrate.

477:

of any racial and ethnic demographic in the country, a position which

12188: 12061: 11966: 11558: 11431: 11288: 10155:

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Studies, 21(3) 175–187

9989:"חדשות מהארץ ומהעולם: כתבות ודיווחים שוטפים 7\24 | וואלה! חדשות" 9810:"Why Angry Christians in Israel Are Crying Discrimination – Features" 7137: 6537: 5417:

Re-examining the Model Minority Myth: A Look at Southeast Asian Youth

5400:"White People Think One Black Person's Success Proves Racism Is Over" 5207: 4700: 4648: 4365: 3964: 3094: 2743: 2685: 2638: 2453: 1644: 1508: 1440: 1341: 712: 442: 294: 240: 210: 180: 135: 35: 11211:, Stephen Klineberg's systematic survey of Houston's Asian community 8479:"10 Americas Nations With The Most Immigrant Homeowners In The U.S." 7497: 7416: 7346:"Academic Risk and Resilience for Children and Young People in Asia" 6564: 5952: 2554:, as the Christian Arab students had the highest rates of receiving 11876: 11841: 10872:

The Good Immigrants: How the Yellow Peril Became the Model Minority

10736: 10150: 10059:"Israeli Christians Flourishing in Education but Falling in Number" 9718:"Christians in Israel: Strong in education – Israel News, Ynetnews" 9630: 8705: 8560:

Memorias: Revista Digital de Historia y Arqueología Desde el Caribe

7197:"Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population" 7175:"Editorial: The Source of the 'Asian Advantage' Isn't Asian Values" 6152:"Income Inequality in the U.S. Is Rising Most Rapidly Among Asians" 5775:"Fuqua Research Sheds Light on the Dangers of Positive Stereotypes" 5270: 4665: 4495: 4422: 4073: 3999: 3904: 3864: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3164: 3159: 3104: 2544: 2279: 2150: 1386: 83: 43: 11192:"Are Students in the UK also Affected by the Model Minority Myth?" 10820:

The Model Minority Stereotype: Demystifying Asian American Success

10801:

The Model Minority Stereotype: Demystifying Asian American Success

10203:"Tijuana's Haitian immigrants seen as a model for other newcomers" 6876: 6758:

Asian Americans and Politics: Perspectives, Experiences, Prospects

2782: 1463:

places great value on work ethic and the pursuit of knowledge. In

563:

Due to the impacts of the model minority stereotype, unlike other

231:

against one another through the implication that non-model groups

86:

have been observed in numerous European countries, leading to the

78:. The prominent association of the model minority concept is with 11896: 11826: 11200:"Deconstructing the Model Minority at the University of Michigan" 10937:

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study

10904: 7332:

Seventy-seven percent of international students hailed from Asia.

3169: 3073: 3053: 3026: 3001: 2905: 2718: 2705: 2634: 2584: 2525: 2478: 2325: 1602: 1589:

Often overlooked is the direct contrast of model minorities with

1550:, most Asian Americans are not granted preferential treatment by 255:

on the other, despite the fact that individual groups experience

209:

instigating certain historical mass casualty events, such as the

66:, representation within managerial and professional occupations, 8219:[Integration of Congolese immigrants in USA] (in French) 7995:"Everyculture:A Countries and Their Cultures: Ugandan Americans" 5751: 358:, "model minority" eventually evolved to become associated with 62:). This success is typically assessed through metrics including 11381: 10033:"Christian Arabs Most Likely to Graduate High-School in Israel" 6291: 5572:

The Emerging Monoculture: Assimilation and the "Model Minority"

4897: 4125: 3154: 3058: 3036: 3031: 2981: 2866: 2630: 2490: 2486: 2386: 2381: 2373: 2350: 2172: 2163: 2087: 1618: 1479:

hold a high position in terms of successful educational goals.

256: 200: 179:

is that the affected communities typically take pride in being

8047:"African immigrants hope for a Chicago community of their own" 7287:"India and China Accounted For 82% Of U.S. H-1B Visas In 2016" 6193: 6191: 6189: 5209:

Understanding Genocide: The Social Psychology of the Holocaust

1806:

Cultural factors have been proposed as an explanation for the

1527: 1385:" or "geek" image. Asians have been the target of harassment, 82:

within the United States. Additionally, analogous concepts of

11916: 11421: 11241: 7653:"African Immigrants: Race and Gender Impact Economic Success" 7382:

Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project

6837:. Psy6129.alliant.wikispaces.net. 5 July 2010. Archived from 6156:

Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project

4135: 2986: 2417: 2340:, 70% of whom attended a Gymnasium (which is comparable to a 2130: 2079: 2054: 11257: 9988: 9426:(in French). Eglasie.mepasie.org. 1995-10-16. Archived from 8999:"Naguib Sawiris eyes 51% of state-owned gold mining company" 7729: 7727: 7725: 2512:

in 2010, 63% of Israeli Arab Christians have had college or

2424:

are among Israel's best performing educational institutions.

1561:

groups over Asian Americans in an attempt to promote racial

1355:

Racial discrimination can take subtle forms such as through

11302: 10898:

Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives

10177:"In Mexico's border city, Haitians hailed as success story" 9687:"חדשות – בארץ nrg – ... המגזר הערבי נוצרי הכי מצליח במערכת" 9562:"Integration: Das vietnamesische Wunder | ZEIT ONLINE" 9555: 9553: 8663:

The Egyptians of Britain: A migrant community in transition

7257:"Diversity in the STEM workforce varies widely across jobs" 6983:"Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience" 6832:"Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience" 6683:

Lee, Stacey; Wong, Nga-Wing Anjela; Alvarez, Alvin (2009).

6186: 4747: 4576: 1686:, the rate of college diploma acquisition is highest among 1433: 1400: 1382: 486: 130:

The concept of a model minority is heavily associated with

8878:|doi-broken-date=2024-03-27 |pmid=35875434 |pmc=9297252 }} 7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7344:

Haibin, Li; Martin, Andrew; Yeung, Wei-Jun (Summer 2017).

1953:

have experienced success in numerous countries especially

514:, where the median household income of Asian Americans is 10998:

They Called Us Exceptional: And Other Lies That Raised Us

10448: 9149:

The Coptic Christian Heritage: History, Faith and Culture

9022: 8699: 8697: 7722: 7056:"Push to achieve tied to suicide in Asian-American women" 6375: 6242: 5604:"BEING THE "MODEL MINORITY" DOESN'T PROTECT US FROM HARM" 2607:

Due to their business success and cultural assimilation,

2063: 1494:

were not seen as a key to success. It was only until the

236: 11137:

Chin, Margaret M.; Pan, Yung Yi Diana (April 19, 2021).

9742:

Why Angry Christians in Israel Are Crying Discrimination

9550: 8283:"Forty percent of Nigerians live below the poverty line" 7699: 7697: 2508:

among all religious communities, according to a data by

1557:

Some schools choose lower-scoring applicants from other

1490:. Many worked for low wages in the harshest conditions. 417:

and accepting and conforming to the racial segregation,

320:

Style", he wrote that the Japanese cultures have strong

11097:

WOVEN: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Dietrich College

10284:"Los arabes de Mexico: Asimilacion y herencia cultural" 9473:[Ethnography of Lao Refugees in Urban Regions] 8813:"Nigerian family considered best, brightest in Britain" 8135: 8133: 7749: 7322:. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. June 23, 2017 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5534: 2615:

are seen as model minorities in Mexico. More recently,

2210:

The Vietnamese in France are the most well-established

1843: 46:, whose members are perceived to be achieving a higher 8694: 7674: 7672: 7549:"Separate GMAT Rankings for U.S. and Asian Applicants" 6369: 6367: 2463: 2312:

Academic achievement among different groups in Germany

9964:"المسيحيون العرب يتفوقون على يهود إسرائيل في التعليم" 9588:"Vietnamese Students and the Emerging Model Minority" 8707:

Black Africans in the UK: Integration or Segregation?

7694: 7553:

Stacy Blackman Consulting – MBA Admissions Consulting

5064:"model minority:WHERE DOES MODEL MINORITY COME FROM?" 4898:

Neil G. Ruiz; Sunny Shao; Sono Shah (2 August 2022).

247:

the experiences of Asian communities on one side and

172:

are often cited in support of model-minority status.

70:, and various other socioeconomic indicators such as 11104:

Taubenblatt, Emily; Ong, Anna-Leigh (May 20, 2021).

10584:

Crul, Maurice; Lindo, Flip; Pang, Ching Lin (1999).

10008:"CBS report: Christian population in Israel growing" 9913:"Christians in Israel: A minority within a minority" 9887:"Christian Arabs top country's matriculation charts" 8635:"History Of Success For African Entrepreneurs In UK" 8130: 5817: 5610: 5026: 2778: 2493:) education system considered as one group (55.1%). 2320:). A study revealed that in the Berlin districts of 10773:

Asian American Women and Men: Labor, Laws, and Love

10115:"פרק 4 פערים חברתיים-כלכליים בין ערבים לבין יהודים" 8792:. Euromonitor International for the British Council 7669: 6935:

Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development

6364: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5452: 5116:Maddux, William W.; et al. (January 1, 2008). 1201: 405:fought for equal rights and the discontinuation of 350:Although the term was first coined to describe the 227:Furthermore, the notion of the model minority pits 12271:Ethnic and racial stereotypes in the United States 11001:. New York, NY, USA: Crown, Penguin Random House. 10482: 10480: 9827: 7893: 7075: 6755: 6550: 5820:"Why stereotypes are bad even when they're 'good'" 2268:Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light 1645:African immigrants as the invisible model minority 1577:began a process to sort candidates based on their 10645:(Master Thesis). Oaithesis.eur.nl. Archived from 10416: 10414: 9626:"Gute Schüler: Kinder eingewanderter Vietnamesen" 8580: 8505:"Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S." 8186: 8141:"Africans highest achievers in U.S. universities" 7915: 7680:"Black Immigrants, An Invisible 'Model Minority'" 7343: 5713: 5711: 4711:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 2333:usually outperform their peers by a wide margin. 2098:, and in 1961 Coptic Christians owned 51% of the 1407:Stereotypes of South Asians § Model minority 183:as a model minority. However, the model minority 12257: 11224:A Brief History of the Model Minority Stereotype 10672:"Young East Indies Dutch explore their identity" 9471:"Ethnographie des Réfugiés Lao en Milieu Urbain" 9390: 9388: 9386: 8217:"L'intégration des Congolais Immigrants aux USA" 7946:"Top Colleges Take More Blacks, but Which Ones?" 7944:Rimer, Sara; Arenson, Karen W. (June 24, 2004). 7232:. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Oct 19, 2021 7024: 7022: 5929: 5623: 5568: 5436: 5251:Choi, Yoonsun; Lahey, Benjamin B. (2006-09-01). 4925:"Sikhs, Hindus now part of middle-class Britain" 1599:"The Negro Family: The Case for National Action" 11202:. University of Michigan Department of History. 10693:Race, Rights, and the Asian American Experience 10477: 9861:"An inside look at Israel's Christian minority" 8587:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 168. 7053: 7031:Race, Rights, and the Asian American Experience 6689:Asian American Psychology: Current Perspectives 5910: 4371:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 1929:The Cuban success story is a popular myth that 448:Asian Americans Advancing Justice - Los Angeles 11232:Yellow: Race in America Beyond Black and White 11103: 10411: 10339: 9050: 9048: 7840: 7838: 7812: 7810: 7768:"Black African Migration to the United States" 7705:"Black African Migration to the United States" 7479: 7477: 6682: 6374:Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). 6093: 5708: 5206:. In Newman, Leonard H.; Erber, Ralph (eds.). 3853:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 2543:The rate of students studying in the field of 2183:encouraged the accumulation of human capital. 1896:In 2017, there were approximately 4.4 million 1849:many aspects of their daily life and society. 409:. In reaction to the success of the movement, 11273: 10731:Chen, Edith Wen-Chu, and Grace J. Yoo. 2009. 10583: 9663:(Report) (in German). Seoul: Goethe Institute 9383: 8637:. Africanbusinessmagazine.com. Archived from 8574: 8482:Black Immigrant Daily News From News Americas 8240:"Survey: Nigerians Most Educated in the U.S." 7992: 7735:"Study Examines Success of African Immigrans" 7019: 6958: 6956: 5904: 5847:"The negative impact of positive stereotypes" 5575:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 213–. 5215:. Oxford University Press. pp. 112–142. 2921: 1794:neighborhoods in which they have moved into. 1467:, scholars were ranked at the top—well above 11161:"Why the Model Minority Myth Was Never True" 10852:Hartlep, N., and B. J. Porfilio, eds. 2015. 10750: 10587:Culture, Structure and Beyond – Google Books 9418: 9416: 9124:Christians in Egypt: Strategies and Survival 8837: 8757: 8553: 8437:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8114:. Universityofcalifornia.edu. Archived from 7997:. Everyculture: Countries and their cultures 7943: 7581: 6453:"We the People: Asians in the United States" 5983:Pew Research Social & Demographic Trends 5911:Li, Guofang; Lihshing Wang (July 10, 2008). 5880: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5535:Guofang Li; Lihshing Wang (15 August 2008). 5331: 5077:Lin, Monica H.; et al. (January 2005). 2570:In terms of their socio-economic situation, 2278:According to the French antiracist activist 1321: 1301:, and high levels of university attendance. 1229: 11050:. Special Issue: Race and Jews in America. 10778: 10733:Encyclopedia of Asian American Issues Today 10424:. Vanstockum.nl. 2010-01-01. Archived from 9836:"Christians in Israel: Strong in education" 9655:Choi, Sun-Ju; Lee, You-Jae (January 2006). 9477:. In Smith, Glenn; Bouvier, Hélène (eds.). 9045: 8779: 8414:"Caribbean Immigrants in the United States" 8359: 8214: 7835: 7807: 7795:. Minneafrica.wordpress.com. 7 January 2009 7524:"Learning to Stand Out Among the Standouts" 7474: 6806:"Asians, Blacks, Stereotypes and the Media" 6445: 6314:Encyclopedia of Asian American Issues Today 6124: 5844: 5626:Encyclopedia of Asian American Issues Today 5163:. Special Issue: Race and Jews in America. 4069:List of people killed for being transgender 2214:community outside eastern Asia, as well as 2129:, and according to scholar Lois Farag "The 1528:Asian American status in affirmative action 11280: 11266: 11093:"Model Minority: The Myth Shaping Society" 9175: 9057:Comparative Studies in Society and History 8908: 8887: 8838:Kim, Sunny; Kirpalani, Amrit (July 2022). 8703: 7923:"Migration Information African Immigrants" 7614:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7483: 7445: 6953: 6932: 6521: 6428:"Indian Americans: The New Model Minority" 6085:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5628:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 222–23. 5624:Chen, Edith Wen-Chu; Grace J. Yoo (2009). 5562: 5528: 5122:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 5083:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 4946: 4944: 2928: 2914: 2251:, were able to assimilate at a high rate. 1830: 16:Group seen as more successful than average 12276:Anti-Asian sentiment in the United States 9441: 9413: 9096:. Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011. 9091:"Religion and Education Around the World" 9036: 8951:Sociology and Equity Studies in Education 8863: 8309:"Nigerian kidnappings reach crisis point" 7361: 6712:Vue, Pao Lee; Schein, Louisa; Vang, Bee. 6711: 5945:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 5865: 5818:Burkemandate, Oliver (12 December 2012). 5772: 5278: 5250: 5221:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195133622.003.0006 2742:in 2004. In 2006 statistics show that in 1940: 1625:often proves to be more harmful to Black 1465:traditional Chinese social stratification 164:and managerial occupations, and a higher 10669: 10259:"The Roots of Tejano and Conjunto Music" 10194: 9879: 9833: 9715: 9650: 9648: 9468: 9146: 9083: 8736:International Organization for Migration 8554:Pierre-Louis, François (December 2013). 8411: 7284: 6998: 5671:Yellow Face: The documentary part 4 of 5 5473: 5000:"Success Story, Japanese-American Style" 4997: 3185:Social determinants of health in poverty 2641:were successful in the coffee industry. 2408: 2090:index, and a stronger representation in 2062: 1581:and region of the world they come from. 1411: 1401:Possible causes of model minority status 157:attainment rate, high representation in 134:, due to the term's origins in American 11136: 11041: 11015: 10973: 10451:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 10308: 10289:. Confines.mty.itesm.mx. Archived from 10168: 9654: 9623: 9585: 9559: 9514: 9121: 7972:Johnson, Jason B. (February 22, 2005). 7971: 7521: 7194: 7028: 6401: 6212: 6210: 6103:. Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from 5397: 5154: 4941: 1823:in English for other immigrant groups. 1554:policies as are other minority groups. 1497:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 1449: 1206:The model minority label also includes 407:racial segregation in the United States 12258: 11216:Asian-Nation: The Model Minority Image 11163:. Asian American Christian Collective. 11123: 10881:Li, Guofang, and Lihshing Wang. 2008. 10781:Personality and Individual Differences 10637: 10174: 10005: 9541: 9234:"Arabian Business: The Sawiris Family" 9054: 6862: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6483: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6316:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 177. 5717: 5511:"Do colleges redline Asian-Americans?" 5508: 5115: 2680:At the end of the colonial era of the 2477:, namely 73.9%, both in comparison to 2254: 1918: 1891: 1348:races, thus establishing a systematic 485:community dramatically in the wake of 316:. In his essay titled "Success Story: 19:For article about the stereotype, see 11261: 11124:Nguyen, Viet Thanh (June 26, 2020) . 11054:(4). Purdue University Press: 69–97. 10994: 10503: 10374:"Geschiedenis: Dr. H. Th. Bussemaker" 10222: 10200: 9645: 8970: 8659: 8502: 8385: 7657:Research at Michigan State University 7577: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7121: 6889: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6517: 6515: 6286: 6284: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6060: 5569:Eric Mark Kramer (28 February 2003). 5411: 5409: 5327: 5325: 5300: 5298: 5201: 5167:(4). Purdue University Press: 69–97. 2909: 2637:industries in Mexico. Germans in the 2380:are one of the most educated groups. 573:College Cost Reduction and Access Act 287:was in the 9 January 1966 edition of 283:One of the earliest uses of the term 11158: 11090: 11044:"Transgressions of a Model Minority" 10725:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.140823 10710: 9936: 9910: 9834:Druckman, Yaron (23 December 2012). 9515:Gourdon, Jessica (22 January 2022). 9499: 9176:Pennington, J. D. (3 October 1982). 8503:Tamir, Christine (27 January 2022). 7254: 7150: 7125:Asian American Journal of Psychology 6691:. Psychology Press. pp. 71–73. 6525:Asian American Journal of Psychology 6311: 6207: 6199:"Will American Science Stay On Top?" 6118: 5884: 5718:Li, Guofang; Wang, Lihshing (2008), 5157:"Transgressions of a Model Minority" 4998:Petersen, William (9 January 1966). 4993: 4991: 4989: 4950: 4919: 4917: 4900:What it means to be Asian in America 4835: 3875:Capital punishment for homosexuality 3190:Social determinants of mental health 2622:In the 19th and early 20th century, 2540:than the median Israeli population. 2205: 1844:Americans born to African immigrants 1654:Americans born to African immigrants 1584: 1518:second-generation Chinese immigrants 10006:Sharon, Jeremy (25 December 2012). 9500:Hill, Mariah (September 29, 2017). 8609:"African success in UK highlighted" 8386:Ghosh, Palash (26 September 2012). 7993:Olivia Miller (November 26, 2008). 7628: 7401: 6865:New Directions for Student Services 6640: 6615: 6470: 6028: 5202:Glick, Peter (September 26, 2002). 5076: 3995:Genital modification and mutilation 2560:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 2516:, the highest of any religious and 2510:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 2496: 2470:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 2464:High school and matriculation exams 2458:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 1801: 499:stereotypes of East Asian Americans 467:University of Massachusetts Amherst 366:in general, more specifically with 58:for comparison to external groups ( 13: 11251:Will American Science Stay On Top? 11149: 10962: 10398:"Spijtoptanten – NPO Geschiedenis" 10201:Solis, Gustavo (8 December 2018). 10175:Watson, Julie (22 November 2018). 9449:"Histoires & Légendes du Laos" 9252:"The richest men in Africa – 2009" 8844:Canadian Medical Education Journal 8704:Mitton, Lavinia; Aspinall, Peter, 8533:New American Economy Research Fund 8360:O'Grady, Siobhán (July 26, 2021). 7566: 6965:KEDI Journal of Educational Policy 6962: 6947:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00025.x 6740: 6661: 6512: 6281: 6240: 6227: 6029:Ali, Wajahat (September 3, 2023). 5406: 5382: 5322: 5295: 2935: 2888:The miller, his son and the donkey 2765: 2344:in American society), compared to 2237: 1712:or higher, compared with 78.8% of 1292: 345: 170:racial groups in the United States 14: 12332: 12301:Race and intelligence controversy 11243:Model Minority Stereotype Project 11168: 11042:Freeman, Jonathan (Summer 2005). 11020:. University of Minnesota Press. 10980:. University of Minnesota Press. 10670:Decraene, Marcel (27 June 2008). 10422:"Van Pasar Malam tot I love Indo" 10148: 9342:"#396 Samih Sawiris - Forbes.com" 9294:"#68 Nassef Sawiris - Forbes.com" 9270:"#60 Naguib Sawiris - Forbes.com" 8810: 8453:"Immigration Reduces Crime Rates" 8143:. Youtube.com. 15 December 2009. 8090:"Immigration Reduces Crime Rates" 7582:Wu, Ellen D. (24 November 2013). 5845:Dave Munger (December 16, 2005). 5798:Markman, Art. 15 February 2013. " 5398:Hiscott, Rebecca (10 June 2014). 5155:Freeman, Jonathan (Summer 2005). 4986: 4914: 2565: 2048: 1744: 533:(363,798 in 2000) than four-year 473:attainment level and the highest 386:. By the 1980s, almost all major 195:. Generally speaking, within the 10674:. Mixed cultures. Archived from 10663: 10631: 10610: 10577: 10568: 10547: 10530: 10497: 10390: 10366: 10333: 10276: 10261:. Lib.utexas.edu. Archived from 10251: 10142: 10107: 10081: 10051: 10025: 9999: 9981: 9956: 9930: 9904: 9853: 9802: 9777: 9751: 9735: 9617: 9604: 9586:Hartlep, Nicholas (2020-03-01). 9579: 9535: 9508: 9493: 9462: 9358: 9334: 9310: 9286: 9262: 9244: 9226: 9208: 9169: 9140: 9115: 9016: 8991: 8979:. Massey University, New Zealand 8964: 8936: 8881: 8831: 8804: 8721: 8673: 8653: 8627: 8601: 8547: 8521: 8496: 8471: 8445: 8405: 8379: 8353: 8327: 8301: 8275: 8254: 8237: 8231: 8208: 8199: 8180: 8159: 8104: 8092:. Livescience.com. 18 March 2008 8082: 8065: 8039: 8009: 7986: 7965: 7937: 7884: 7863: 7785: 7285:McCarthy, Niall (Apr 19, 2017). 7172: 6892:Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5800:The Pain of Positive Stereotypes 5509:Miller, Kara (8 February 2010). 4834: 4825: 4824: 4474:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 4311:Law for Protection of the Nation 4211:White genocide conspiracy theory 2781: 2036:, articles "never portrayed the 1214:, 64% of Indian Americans had a 1202:Indian and South Asian Americans 278: 10685: 10316:"Carlos Slim Helu & family" 9479:Ethnicité: Regards Entrecroisés 9469:Bouvier, Hélène; Smith, Glenn. 9318:"#96 Onsi Sawiris - Forbes.com" 9103:from the original on 2016-12-22 8147:from the original on 2021-12-21 7645: 7622: 7541: 7522:Mathews, Jay (March 22, 2005). 7439: 7395: 7370: 7337: 7308: 7278: 7248: 7218: 7188: 7144: 7115: 7069: 7047: 6992: 6975: 6926: 6883: 6856: 6824: 6812:from the original on 2021-12-21 6798: 6776: 6731: 6705: 6601: 6587: 6544: 6420: 6395: 6347: 6330: 6305: 6169: 6144: 6125:Wang, Yanan (20 October 2015). 6054: 6037: 6022: 6008: 5967: 5885:Wang, Yanan (20 October 2015). 5838: 5811: 5792: 5766: 5744: 5685: 5662: 5642: 5596: 5502: 5467: 5430: 5391: 5376: 5352: 5332:James Kanter (14 August 2022). 5244: 5195: 5148: 5066:. Dictionary.com. 11 June 2021. 4951:Wong, Billy (2 November 2015). 4316:MSM blood donation restrictions 4064:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 2695: 2524:students, and for 14.4% of its 577:Federal Bureau of Investigation 569:Asian American Pacific Islander 312:, have achieved success in the 11208:Survey Examines Asian Mobility 11159:Wong, Andrew (June 25, 2020). 10856:. Information Age Publishing. 10510:. Amsterdam University Press. 9939:"Israel's Christian Awakening" 9716:Druckman, Yaron (1995-06-20). 9624:Spiewak, Martin (2009-01-22). 9560:Spiewak, Martin (2009-01-22). 9398:. Tinparis.net. Archived from 8315:. Deutsche Welle. July 6, 2021 7901:"Migration African Immigrants" 7195:Budiman, Abby (Apr 29, 2021). 7054:Elizabeth Cohen (2007-05-16). 6486:Review of Educational Research 5915:. Information Age Publishing. 5849:. Scienceblogs. Archived from 5752:"Asian American Movement 1968" 5606:. ACLU: Florida. May 11, 2022. 5439:"Are Asians Model Minorities?" 5109: 5070: 5056: 5030:Review of Educational Research 5020: 4891: 4862: 4329:(as religious or racial quota) 2762:migrating to the Netherlands. 2725: 2702:Indonesian National Revolution 2676:Indos in the Dutch East Indies 2658: 2444:university students come from 2404: 2179:emphasis on literacy and that 1898:Caribbean immigrants in the US 1690:at 59.7%, followed closely by 1663:Bowling Green State University 1: 12291:Ethnic and racial stereotypes 11287: 10958:. Princeton University Press. 8767:. The Guardian. 22 March 2013 7633:. NBC Asian America. NBC News 7378:"The Rise of Asian Americans" 7363:10.1080/01443410.2017.1331973 6762:. Stanford University Press. 5976:"The Rise of Asian Americans" 5773:Aaron Kay (17 January 2013). 5721:Model Minority Myth Revisited 4972:10.1080/03054985.2015.1117970 4902:(Report). Pew Research Center 4856: 4743:Second-generation gender bias 4459:Constitutional colorblindness 3180:Social determinants of health 2669: 565:minority-serving institutions 556:or higher compared to 39% of 492: 441:stereotypes, or view it as a 34:, defined by factors such as 11186:. University of Westminster. 11178:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 10885:Information Age Publishing. 10793:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90246-8 9542:Bleich, Erik (May 1, 2001). 8392:International Business Times 8193:Countries and Their Cultures 7405:The Journal of Asian Studies 7033:. Rutgers University Press. 6808:. Youtube.com. 5 July 2010. 6312:Chen, Edith Wen-Chu (2010). 6065:. Berkeley, CA. p. 53. 6018:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2308:Vietnamese people in Germany 2273: 2216:Asian ethnic group in France 1903:International Business Times 1672: 339:U.S. News & World Report 265:history of African Americans 76:family and marital stability 7: 12281:Racism in the United States 11035: 10935:Rothenberg, Paula S. 2006. 9485:] (in French). p. 9178:"The Copts in Modern Egypt" 8738:. July 2006. Archived from 8021:United States Census Bureau 7629:Yam, Kimmy (May 17, 2023). 7029:Ancheta, Angelo N. (2006). 6381:United States Census Bureau 6292:"MDAT (U.S. Census Bureau)" 6248:United States Census Bureau 6063:Women of Color and Feminism 5128:(1). Sage Journals: 74–89. 5089:(1). Sage Journals: 34–47. 4870:"Model Minority Stereotype" 4654:Medical model of disability 4506:Hate speech laws by country 2774: 2260:African Americans in France 2201:Vietnamese people in France 2193:African Americans in France 1945: 592:Bachelor's Degree or Higher 512:United States Census Bureau 427:The New York Times Magazine 290:The New York Times Magazine 90:of specific ethnic groups. 10: 12337: 11649:Countries by ethnic groups 11644:Contemporary ethnic groups 10977:Model-Minority Imperialism 10876:Princeton University Press 10824:Information Age Publishing 10805:Information Age Publishing 10765:10.1037/0012-1649.18.4.595 10713:Annual Review of Sociology 10504:Vries, Marlene de (2009). 9396:"La diaspora vietnamienne" 8581:Jorge Perez-Lopez (1993). 8189:"Sierra Leonean Americans" 8187:Francesca Hampton (2010). 7925:. Migrationinformation.org 7903:. Migrationinformation.org 7460:10.1037/0003-066X.45.8.913 7255:Funk, Cary (Jan 9, 2018). 6786:. Youtube.com. 5 July 2010 6643:The Sociological Quarterly 6180:February 13, 2012, at the 4960:Oxford Review of Education 4763:Social model of disability 3235:Discrimination against men 2738:in 2002 and film director 2673: 2662: 2556:Psychometric Entrance Test 2475:matriculation examinations 2361: 2297: 2293: 2190: 2052: 1922: 1815:nations, use English as a 1629:than situations involving 1531: 1404: 1325: 582:Crime in the United States 437:of racial discrimination. 332:. A similar article about 275:'s Presidential election. 261:history of Asian Americans 18: 12237: 12120: 11992: 11795: 11629: 11430: 11295: 10691:Ancheta, Angelo N. 2006. 10541:October 31, 2013, at the 10463:10.1080/13691830600555210 9504:. The Amherst Collective. 9194:10.1080/00263208208700503 9151:. Routledge. p. 83. 9069:10.1017/S0010417514000425 8729:"Sudan: Mapping exercise" 8660:Karmi, Ghada (May 1997). 6904:10.1007/s10964-015-0336-7 6655:10.1525/tsq.2002.43.2.213 6553:Sociological Perspectives 6402:Samkian, Artineh (2007). 6203:The American Conservative 6048:November 3, 2005, at the 5808:. Retrieved 28 July 2013. 5258:The Social Service Review 4820: 4559: 4436: 4229: 4116:Opposition to immigration 3840: 3480: 3327: 3087: 3037:Race / Ethnicity 2974: 2943: 2602: 2528:students. There are more 2432:, one of the factors why 2399:median Israeli population 2389:and they have attained a 2357: 2186: 2004: 1994:Euromonitor International 1736:Of the 8% of students at 1631:anti-Asian discrimination 1575:American business schools 1488:transcontinental railroad 1322:Effects of the stereotype 1230:Southeast Asian Americans 612:Ethnicity or nationality 217:in some social contexts. 125: 10974:Bascara, Victor (2006). 10967: 10896:Marger, Martin N. 2009. 10771:Espiritu, Yen Le. 1996. 10753:Developmental Psychology 10697:Rutgers University Press 10620:. Scribd.com. 2008-03-11 10491:August 17, 2009, at the 10346:. Equinox. p. 173. 9126:. Springer. p. 30. 9122:B. Rugh, Andrea (2016). 8289:. AlJazeera. May 4, 2020 6498:10.3102/0034654307309918 5134:10.1177/0146167207309195 5095:10.1177/0146167204271320 5042:10.3102/0034654315612205 4851: 4111:Occupational segregation 3880:Compulsory sterilization 2318:"The Vietnamese Miracle" 2070:: is an Egyptian Coptic 2043: 1862:Sierra Leonean Americans 1611:institutionalized racism 1569:to the society's racial 269:the history of Hispanics 193:stereotype content model 151:stereotype ethnic groups 12316:Asian-Australian issues 11761:Torres Strait Islanders 11606:Ethnopsychopharmacology 11350:In-group and out-groups 11018:The Karma of Brown Folk 11016:Prashad, Vijay (2000). 10930:Russell Sage Foundation 10841:. Cognella Publishing. 10340:Gouda, Frances (2008). 9689:. Nrg.co.il. 2011-12-25 9544:"Race Policy in France" 9147:M. Farag, Lois (2013). 9038:10.5339/connect.2013.22 8076:March 21, 2012, at the 7979:San Francisco Chronicle 7682:. Realclearpolitics.com 7093:10.1111/1467-9280.00277 6341:April 17, 2005, at the 6061:Rojas, Maythee (2009). 4639:Internalized oppression 4501:Fighting Discrimination 4491:Fat acceptance movement 4449:Anti-discrimination law 4089:Native American mascots 2581:Arab citizens of Israel 2577:median household income 2448:, and about 87% of the 2434:Israeli Arab Christians 2223:colonial era of Vietnam 2082:have relatively higher 1595:Daniel Patrick Moynihan 475:median household income 12007:Cultural appropriation 11907:Lineage-bonded society 10995:Gupta, Prachi (2023). 9612:Politik der Vermeidung 9483:Ethnicity: Mixed Views 9182:Middle Eastern Studies 7486:Sociology of Education 7350:Educational Psychology 6754:Chang, Gordon (2002). 6358:March 5, 2005, at the 5441:. Academic.udayton.edu 5437:Vernellia R. Randall. 5421:Berkley McNair Journal 5334:"Model Minority Myths" 4758:Social identity threat 4731:Reverse discrimination 4721:Racial color blindness 4201:Violence against women 4181:Sex-selective abortion 2700:From 1945 to 1949 the 2514:postgraduate education 2506:educational attainment 2430:University of Tel Aviv 2425: 2368:Palestinian Christians 2364:Christianity in Israel 2171:and relatively higher 2169:educational attainment 2108:religion and education 2084:educational attainment 2075: 1955:Commonwealth countries 1941:Commonwealth countries 1319: 833:Household Income ($ ) 615:Percent of Population 64:educational attainment 12286:Asian-American issues 12032:Ethnic interest group 11867:Ethnicity in censuses 11817:Cultural assimilation 11318:Ethnolinguistic group 11154:. Fortham University. 11060:10.1353/sho.2005.0147 9592:SAGE Publications Ltd 9258:on 21 September 2017. 9188:(2). JSTOR: 158–179. 7773:. Migrationpolicy.org 7710:. Migrationpolicy.org 7448:American Psychologist 7263:. Pew Research Center 7203:. Pew Research Center 7151:Song, Joanne (2013). 7081:Psychological Science 6721:Hmong Studies Journal 6376:"U.S. Census website" 6243:"U.S. Census website" 6241:Bureau, U.S. Census. 6101:"American FactFinder" 5488:10.1353/sho.2005.0147 5423:5. Archived from the 5387:. Fortham University. 5173:10.1353/sho.2005.0147 4726:Religious intolerance 4686:Political correctness 4516:Intersex human rights 4464:Cultural assimilation 4146:Religious persecution 3910:Disability hate crime 3695:Jewish / Antisemitism 2873:Race and intelligence 2690:Republic of Indonesia 2412: 2066: 1831:Selective immigration 1565:and to maintain some 1412:Selective immigration 1405:Further information: 1379:learning disabilities 1314: 1015:Personal Income ($ ) 542:academic institutions 399:civil rights movement 384:South Asian Americans 308:which, despite their 222:economic intervention 95:economic intervention 12245:Minzu (anthropology) 12214:Separatist movements 12077:Ethnographic village 11902:Legendary progenitor 11537:Transidioethnography 11340:Hyphenated ethnicity 11335:Ethnographic realism 11328:Ethnoreligious group 11254:, by Pratik Chougule 10557:. Cbs.nl. 2015-02-16 10037:Breaking Israel News 8745:on 15 September 2012 5427:on 12 December 2006. 5415:Chu, Nawn V. 1997. " 4131:Political repression 3140:Anti-left handedness 3130:Anti-intellectualism 2802:Benevolent prejudice 2532:who have attained a 2159:Orascom conglomerate 2086:, relatively higher 2029:Asian New Zealanders 1811:particularly former 1639:Caribbean immigrants 1605:governor since 2019 1484:immigration policies 1450:Cultural differences 1422:more highly educated 550:Vietnamese Americans 419:institutional racism 177:common misconception 120:dependent on welfare 48:socioeconomic status 12112:Multinational state 12107:Model minority myth 11994:Multiethnic society 11912:Linguistic homeland 11323:Ethnonational group 11219:, by C.N. Le, Ph.D. 10954:Wu, Helen D. 2014. 10428:on January 12, 2013 10400:. Geschiedenis24.nl 9891:The Times of Israel 9867:. December 24, 2017 9765:. 10 September 2015 9451:. Sayasackp.free.fr 9370:migrationpolicy.org 9222:. 11 November 2019. 8856:10.36834/cmej.74344 8508:Pew Research Center 8418:migrationpolicy.org 7528:The Washington Post 7007:. New York: 49–62. 7001:The Public Interest 5987:Pew Research Center 5947:(26): 60–61. 1999. 5694:Model Minority Myth 5655:The Washington Post 5541:. IAP. p. 21. 4634:Historical eugenics 4171:Segregation academy 4151:Religious terrorism 3940:Enemy of the people 3848:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 3367:Jehovah's Witnesses 3260:Perpetual foreigner 2857:Oppression Olympics 2617:Haitians in Tijuana 2212:overseas Vietnamese 2181:Coptic Christianity 2177:Coptic Christianity 2149:A number of Coptic 2114:in institutions of 1990:Nigerian immigrants 1925:Cuban success story 1919:Cuban success story 1892:Caribbean Americans 1878:Tanzanian Americans 1874:Congolese Americans 1791:racially segregated 1774:in Los Angeles and 1623:anti-Black rhetoric 1477:Taiwanese Americans 1361:perpetual foreigner 1328:Model minority myth 558:Non-Hispanic Whites 535:public universities 141:1966 article. Many 21:Model minority myth 12092:Middleman minority 12052:Ethnic pornography 12047:Ethnic nationalism 11952:Pantribal sodality 11892:Imagined community 11417:Symbolic ethnicity 11345:Indigenous peoples 11313:Ethnographic group 11091:Yuan (Fall 2022). 10818:Hartlep, N. 2013. 10799:Hartlep, N. 2021. 10236:. 10 December 2018 10234:Voice of San Diego 10095:. 24 December 2012 10069:on 18 October 2017 10039:. 25 December 2013 10012:The Jerusalem Post 8681:"Ethiopian London" 8615:. 7 September 2005 8264:. Everyculture.com 8169:. Everyculture.com 8027:on 18 January 2015 7951:The New York Times 7555:. 14 November 2014 6844:on 12 January 2012 6273:has generic name ( 5461:The New York Times 5007:The New York Times 4546:Social integration 4541:Self-determination 4531:Racial integration 4479:Diversity training 4469:Cultural pluralism 4444:Affirmative action 4344:Racial segregation 4254:Crime of apartheid 4156:Religious violence 3659:Indigenous people 3064:Sexual orientation 2847:Middleman minority 2842:Jewish stereotypes 2832:Intergroup anxiety 2812:Bengali Christians 2807:Barua (Bangladesh) 2593:upper middle class 2426: 2346:Vietnamese Germans 2304:Koreans in Germany 2300:Indians in Germany 2288:Jeune fille modèle 2197:Laotians in France 2127:upper-middle class 2076: 1951:African immigrants 1886:Egyptian Americans 1882:Nigerian Americans 1870:Malawian Americans 1866:Ghanaian Americans 1854:Algerian Americans 1778:in New York City. 1692:Nigerian Americans 1688:Egyptian Americans 1650:African immigrants 1552:affirmative action 1548:college admissions 1542:In the 1980s, one 1534:Affirmative action 1235:groups, including 1212:U.S. Census Bureau 531:community colleges 503:upper-middle-class 479:African immigrants 431:their own movement 425:A few years after 356:Japanese Americans 342:in December 1966. 143:European countries 139:William Petersen's 116:Indigenous peoples 12311:Social inequality 12253: 12252: 12174:Ethnic stereotype 12087:Indigenous rights 12072:Ethnographic film 12057:Ethnic theme park 12017:Dominant minority 12012:Diaspora politics 12002:Consociationalism 11937:National language 11822:Cultural identity 11812:Cross-race effect 11756:Aboriginal groups 11150:Parmar, Simrath. 11027:978-0-8166-3439-2 10891:978-1-59311-951-5 10847:978-1-62131-689-3 10832:978-1-62396-358-3 10787:(12): 1323–1325. 10353:978-979-3780-62-7 10208:Los Angeles Times 9789:Middleeasteye.net 9003:Egypt Independent 8484:. 16 October 2016 8215:Bernard Manseka. 8053:. 14 January 2013 7593:978-1-4008-4887-4 7040:978-0-8135-3902-7 6413:978-0-549-48257-4 6323:978-0-313-34751-1 6197:Chougule Pratik, 6072:978-1-58005-272-6 5922:978-1-59311-951-5 5635:978-0-313-34749-8 5582:978-0-275-97312-4 5548:978-1-59311-951-5 5383:PARMAR, SIMRATH. 4848: 4847: 4716:Racism by country 4644:Intersectionality 4629:Heteronormativity 4428:Voter suppression 4176:Sexual harassment 3975:Forced conversion 3895:Cultural genocide 3558:African Americans 3377:post–Cold War era 3362:Eastern Orthodoxy 3125:Anti-drug addicts 3120:Anti-homelessness 3047:Scientific racism 2878:Stereotype threat 2817:Dominant minority 2752:Pelita foundation 2682:Dutch East Indies 2613:Lebanese Mexicans 2534:bachelor's degree 2446:Christian schools 2438:Christian schools 2422:Christian schools 2391:bachelor's degree 2328:, both in former 2255:African Americans 2249:Laotian Civil War 2206:French Vietnamese 2112:university degree 1880:, and especially 1759:Ugandan Americans 1591:African Americans 1585:African Americans 1579:country of origin 1310:Chinese Americans 1269:According to the 1263:literature review 1216:bachelor's degree 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1186: 1179: 1178: 1005: 1004: 823: 822: 554:bachelor's degree 403:African Americans 336:was published in 334:Chinese Americans 318:Japanese American 306:ethnic minorities 253:African Americans 145:have concepts of 112:African Americans 110:in comparison to 72:criminal activity 12328: 12144:Ethnic cleansing 12139:Ethnic bioweapon 12022:Ethnic democracy 11631:Groups by region 11581:Ethnomethodology 11564:Ethnomathematics 11554:Ethnolinguistics 11450:Ethnoarchaeology 11282: 11275: 11268: 11259: 11258: 11227:, by Andrew Chin 11203: 11195: 11187: 11184:"Model Minority" 11179: 11176:"Model Minority" 11164: 11155: 11146: 11133: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11100: 11087: 11031: 11012: 10991: 10920:Carl L. Bankston 10868:Hsu, Madeline Y. 10796: 10768: 10728: 10680: 10679: 10667: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10651: 10644: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10614: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10590:. Het Spinhuis. 10581: 10575: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10562: 10551: 10545: 10534: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10524: 10501: 10495: 10484: 10475: 10474: 10446: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10433: 10418: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10384: 10378: 10370: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10337: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10312: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10296:on 27 March 2009 10295: 10288: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10270: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10241: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10198: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10130: 10124:. Archived from 10119: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10085: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10065:. 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Archived from 9230: 9224: 9223: 9220:Arabian Business 9212: 9206: 9205: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9102: 9095: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9052: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9029:QScience Connect 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9010: 8995: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8948: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8920: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8867: 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8815:. 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United Nations 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8305: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8212: 8206: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8137: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8118:on 20 April 2013 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8086: 8080: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8023:. 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Archived from 4866: 4838: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4768:Social privilege 4753:Social exclusion 4681:Police brutality 4602:Multiculturalism 4572:Amatonormativity 4403:Social exclusion 4239:Age of candidacy 4039:Homeless dumping 3945:Ethnic cleansing 2930: 2923: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2552:higher education 2538:academic degrees 2497:Higher education 2284:Model Young Girl 2244:overseas Laotian 2116:higher education 2092:white collar job 1858:Kenyan Americans 1802:Cultural factors 1776:Le Petit Senegal 1659:American society 1492:Confucian values 1457:Confucian tenets 1350:racial hierarchy 1271:2010 U.S. Census 1220:Indian Americans 1208:Indian Americans 1189: 1188: 1181: 1180: 1009: 1008: 827: 826: 609: 608: 597:Household Income 588: 587: 520: 508:Indian Americans 435:social construct 380:Indian Americans 376:Korean Americans 330:Jewish Americans 298:William Petersen 243:for potentially 166:household income 155:higher education 108:Jewish Americans 68:household income 12336: 12335: 12331: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12233: 12179:Ethnic violence 12127: 12125:ethnic conflict 12123: 12116: 12097:Minority rights 12037:Ethnic majority 11988: 11972:Detribalization 11927:Nation-building 11862:Ethnic religion 11805: 11801: 11791: 11698:Central America 11625: 11596:Ethnophilosophy 11591:Ethnomusicology 11569:Ethnostatistics 11527:Person-centered 11497:Autoethnography 11426: 11291: 11286: 11198: 11190: 11182: 11174: 11171: 11143:Washington Post 11114: 11112: 11038: 11028: 11009: 10988: 10970: 10965: 10963:Further reading 10803:(2nd edition). 10688: 10683: 10668: 10664: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10642: 10636: 10632: 10623: 10621: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10582: 10578: 10573: 10569: 10560: 10558: 10553: 10552: 10548: 10543:Wayback Machine 10535: 10531: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10502: 10498: 10493:Wayback Machine 10485: 10478: 10447: 10440: 10431: 10429: 10420: 10419: 10412: 10403: 10401: 10396: 10395: 10391: 10382: 10380: 10376: 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8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8459:. 18 March 2008 8457:livescience.com 8451: 8450: 8446: 8430: 8429: 8422: 8420: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8384: 8380: 8370: 8368: 8366:Washington Post 8358: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8292: 8290: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8267: 8265: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8236: 8232: 8222: 8220: 8213: 8209: 8204: 8200: 8185: 8181: 8172: 8170: 8165: 8164: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8139: 8138: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8078:Wayback Machine 8070: 8066: 8056: 8054: 8051:Chicago Tribune 8045: 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8000: 7998: 7991: 7987: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7889: 7885: 7876: 7874: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7733: 7732: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7703: 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2518:ethno-religious 2502:Arab Christians 2499: 2466: 2414:Catholic school 2407: 2395:academic degree 2378:Christian Arabs 2370: 2360: 2314: 2296: 2276: 2257: 2240: 2238:French Laotians 2208: 2203: 2189: 2136:medical doctors 2061: 2053:Main articles: 2051: 2046: 2015:Asian Canadians 2007: 1998:British Council 1948: 1943: 1931:Cuban Americans 1927: 1921: 1894: 1846: 1833: 1804: 1772:Little Ethiopia 1764:ethnic enclaves 1747: 1700:graduate degree 1680:white Americans 1675: 1647: 1587: 1540: 1530: 1461:Chinese culture 1452: 1418:selective group 1414: 1409: 1403: 1357:microaggression 1334:Gordon H. Chang 1330: 1324: 1295: 1293:Media portrayal 1232: 1204: 602:Personal Income 579:'s 2003 report 515: 495: 483:Muslim American 458:people of color 453:Washington Post 364:Asian Americans 348: 346:Asian Americans 310:marginalization 302:Asian Americans 281: 229:minority groups 128: 80:Asian Americans 56:reference group 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12334: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12266:Discrimination 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12241: 12239: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12204:Indigenization 12201: 12196: 12194:Ethnosymbolism 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12164:Ethnic penalty 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12130: 12128: 12121: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12102:Model minority 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12082:Ethnopluralism 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12027:Ethnic enclave 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11998: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11986: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11808: 11806: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11772: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11758: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11739: 11737:Southeast Asia 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11660: 11653: 11652: 11651: 11646: 11635: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11623: 11618: 11616:Ethnosemiotics 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11586:Ethnomuseology 11583: 11578: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11545: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11478: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11452: 11447: 11445:Ethnic studies 11442: 11436: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11412:Supraethnicity 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11373: 11372: 11365:Minority group 11362: 11360:Metroethnicity 11357: 11355:Meta-ethnicity 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11305: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11292: 11285: 11284: 11277: 11270: 11262: 11256: 11255: 11247: 11239: 11228: 11220: 11212: 11204: 11196: 11188: 11180: 11170: 11169:External links 11167: 11166: 11165: 11156: 11147: 11134: 11121: 11110:APCO Worldwide 11101: 11088: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11032: 11026: 11013: 11007: 10992: 10986: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10959: 10952: 10933: 10918:Min, Zhou and 10916: 10894: 10879: 10865: 10862:978-1681231105 10850: 10835: 10816: 10813:978-1648024771 10797: 10776: 10769: 10759:(4): 595–599. 10748: 10729: 10708: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10681: 10678:on 2008-06-29. 10662: 10630: 10609: 10596: 10576: 10567: 10546: 10529: 10516: 10496: 10476: 10457:(3): 323–346. 10438: 10410: 10389: 10365: 10352: 10332: 10307: 10275: 10250: 10221: 10193: 10167: 10149:David, Hanna. 10141: 10106: 10080: 10063:Terrasanta.net 10050: 10024: 9998: 9980: 9955: 9929: 9903: 9878: 9852: 9826: 9801: 9776: 9750: 9734: 9724:. Ynetnews.com 9699: 9673: 9644: 9616: 9603: 9578: 9549: 9534: 9507: 9492: 9461: 9440: 9412: 9382: 9357: 9346:www.forbes.com 9333: 9322:www.forbes.com 9309: 9298:www.forbes.com 9285: 9274:www.forbes.com 9261: 9243: 9225: 9207: 9168: 9157: 9139: 9132: 9114: 9082: 9063:(4): 844–869. 9044: 9015: 8990: 8963: 8935: 8907: 8896:(2): 277–291. 8880: 8830: 8803: 8778: 8756: 8720: 8693: 8672: 8652: 8626: 8600: 8593: 8573: 8546: 8520: 8495: 8470: 8444: 8404: 8378: 8352: 8326: 8300: 8274: 8253: 8238:Aziz, Naeesa. 8230: 8207: 8198: 8179: 8158: 8129: 8103: 8081: 8064: 8038: 8008: 7985: 7964: 7936: 7914: 7892: 7883: 7873:. Asian-Nation 7862: 7834: 7806: 7784: 7748: 7721: 7693: 7668: 7644: 7621: 7592: 7565: 7540: 7511: 7473: 7454:(8): 913–920. 7438: 7411:(2): 463–464. 7394: 7369: 7356:(8): 921–929. 7336: 7307: 7277: 7247: 7217: 7187: 7160: 7143: 7132:(2): 101–114. 7114: 7087:(5): 399–402. 7077:Cheryan, Sapna 7068: 7046: 7039: 7018: 6991: 6974: 6952: 6925: 6882: 6855: 6823: 6797: 6775: 6768: 6739: 6730: 6704: 6698:978-0805860085 6697: 6660: 6649:(2): 213–235. 6614: 6600: 6586: 6543: 6532:(2): 106–118. 6511: 6492:(4): 415–453. 6469: 6444: 6419: 6412: 6394: 6363: 6346: 6329: 6322: 6304: 6280: 6226: 6206: 6185: 6168: 6143: 6117: 6092: 6071: 6053: 6036: 6021: 6007: 5966: 5928: 5921: 5903: 5864: 5837: 5810: 5791: 5765: 5743: 5730: 5707: 5684: 5661: 5641: 5634: 5609: 5595: 5581: 5561: 5547: 5527: 5501: 5466: 5451: 5429: 5405: 5390: 5375: 5351: 5321: 5294: 5271:10.1086/505288 5243: 5229: 5194: 5147: 5108: 5069: 5055: 5036:(2): 469–502. 5019: 4985: 4966:(6): 730–746. 4940: 4913: 4890: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4832: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4736:Reverse racism 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4706:Prisoner abuse 4703: 4698: 4696:Power distance 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4614:Ethnic penalty 4611: 4610: 4609: 4607:Neurodiversity 4604: 4594: 4592:Dehumanization 4589: 4584: 4582:Cisnormativity 4579: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4560:Related topics 4557: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4418:State religion 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4354:Nuremberg Laws 4351: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4296:Ghetto benches 4293: 4291:Gerrymandering 4288: 4283: 4278: 4276:Gender pay gap 4273: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4235: 4233: 4230:Discriminatory 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4059:Lavender scare 4056: 4054:Kill Haole Day 4051: 4049:Indian rolling 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4007: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3935:Eliminationism 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3870:Cancel culture 3867: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3844: 3842: 3841:Manifestations 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3737:Middle Eastern 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3472:Zoroastrianism 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3399:Untouchability 3396: 3386: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3225:Leprosy stigma 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937:Discrimination 2933: 2932: 2925: 2918: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901:Victim blaming 2898: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2827:Honorary Aryan 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2797:Bamboo ceiling 2793: 2792: 2789:Society portal 2776: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2732:multi-cultural 2727: 2724: 2697: 2694: 2671: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2604: 2601: 2567: 2566:Socio-economic 2564: 2498: 2495: 2465: 2462: 2406: 2403: 2397:more than the 2359: 2356: 2338:Korean Germans 2295: 2292: 2275: 2272: 2256: 2253: 2239: 2236: 2231:Fall of Saigon 2207: 2204: 2188: 2185: 2175:index, due to 2157:that owns the 2155:Sawiris family 2142:of Egypt were 2100:Egyptian banks 2068:Naguib Sawiris 2059:Copts in Egypt 2050: 2049:Egyptian Copts 2047: 2045: 2042: 2006: 2003: 1974:United Kingdom 1967:United Kingdom 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1935:American dream 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1912:Robert Sampson 1893: 1890: 1845: 1842: 1838:African people 1832: 1829: 1803: 1800: 1787:suburban areas 1746: 1745:Socioeconomics 1743: 1674: 1671: 1667:domestic labor 1646: 1643: 1586: 1583: 1529: 1526: 1513:self-selecting 1505:counterfactual 1451: 1448: 1413: 1410: 1402: 1399: 1344:stereotyping. 1326:Main article: 1323: 1320: 1306:American media 1294: 1291: 1231: 1228: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 995: 994: 991: 987: 986: 983: 979: 978: 975: 971: 970: 967: 963: 962: 959: 955: 954: 951: 947: 946: 943: 939: 938: 933: 927: 926: 923: 919: 918: 915: 911: 910: 907: 903: 902: 899: 895: 894: 891: 887: 886: 881: 875: 874: 871: 867: 866: 863: 859: 858: 855: 851: 850: 847: 843: 842: 839: 835: 834: 831: 824: 821: 820: 817: 811: 810: 807: 801: 800: 797: 791: 790: 787: 781: 780: 775: 773:European/White 769: 768: 765: 759: 758: 755: 749: 748: 745: 739: 738: 735: 729: 728: 725: 719: 718: 715: 709: 708: 703: 697: 696: 693: 687: 686: 683: 677: 676: 673: 667: 666: 663: 657: 656: 653: 647: 646: 643: 637: 636: 633: 627: 626: 623: 617: 616: 613: 605: 604: 599: 594: 494: 491: 462:social justice 388:U.S. magazines 347: 344: 285:model minority 280: 277: 127: 124: 32:minority group 28:model minority 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12333: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12306:Social groups 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12236: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12184:Ethnocentrism 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12149:Ethnic hatred 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12119: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11982: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11969: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11942:National myth 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11882:Folk religion 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11857:Ethnic origin 11855: 11853: 11852:Ethnic option 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11752: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11727:Northern Asia 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11703:South America 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11688:United States 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11641: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11628: 11622: 11621:Ethnotaxonomy 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11576:Ethnomedicine 11574: 11570: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11512:Institutional 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11494: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11470:Ethnomycology 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11397:Polyethnicity 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11377:Monoethnicity 11375: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11283: 11278: 11276: 11271: 11269: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11253: 11252: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11238: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11221: 11218: 11217: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11172: 11162: 11157: 11153: 11148: 11144: 11140: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11115:September 13, 11111: 11107: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11045: 11040: 11039: 11029: 11023: 11019: 11014: 11010: 11008:9780593442982 11004: 11000: 10999: 10993: 10989: 10987:9780816645121 10983: 10979: 10978: 10972: 10971: 10957: 10953: 10950: 10949:0-7167-6148-3 10946: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10931: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10913:0-495-50436-X 10910: 10906: 10905:Cengage Brain 10903: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10866: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10749: 10746: 10745:0-313-34749-2 10742: 10738: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10719:(1): 91–116. 10718: 10714: 10709: 10706: 10705:0-8135-3902-1 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10689: 10677: 10673: 10666: 10652:on 2012-09-16 10648: 10641: 10640:"Indie Tabeh" 10634: 10619: 10613: 10599: 10597:9789055891733 10593: 10589: 10588: 10580: 10571: 10556: 10550: 10544: 10540: 10537: 10533: 10519: 10517:9789089641250 10513: 10509: 10508: 10500: 10494: 10490: 10487: 10483: 10481: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10445: 10443: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10415: 10399: 10393: 10375: 10369: 10355: 10349: 10345: 10344: 10336: 10321: 10317: 10311: 10292: 10285: 10279: 10265:on 2013-07-27 10264: 10260: 10254: 10247: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10210: 10209: 10204: 10197: 10182: 10178: 10171: 10156: 10152: 10145: 10131:on 2017-10-18 10127: 10123: 10116: 10110: 10094: 10090: 10084: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10054: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9969: 9965: 9959: 9944: 9940: 9933: 9918: 9914: 9907: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9866: 9865:Arutz Sheva 7 9862: 9856: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9764: 9760: 9754: 9747: 9743: 9738: 9723: 9719: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9688: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9658: 9651: 9649: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9593: 9589: 9582: 9567: 9563: 9556: 9554: 9545: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9511: 9503: 9496: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9465: 9450: 9444: 9430:on 2013-12-03 9429: 9425: 9419: 9417: 9402:on 2016-03-03 9401: 9397: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9299: 9295: 9289: 9275: 9271: 9265: 9257: 9253: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9221: 9217: 9211: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9172: 9165: 9160: 9158:9781134666843 9154: 9150: 9143: 9135: 9133:9781137566133 9129: 9125: 9118: 9099: 9092: 9086: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9051: 9049: 9039: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9004: 9000: 8994: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8952: 8945: 8939: 8924: 8917: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8884: 8875: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8834: 8819:on 5 May 2013 8818: 8814: 8807: 8788: 8782: 8766: 8760: 8741: 8737: 8730: 8724: 8709: 8708: 8700: 8698: 8682: 8676: 8665: 8664: 8656: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8596: 8594:9780822970361 8590: 8586: 8585: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8550: 8534: 8530: 8524: 8509: 8506: 8499: 8483: 8480: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8440: 8434: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8393: 8389: 8382: 8367: 8363: 8356: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8288: 8287:Aljazeera.com 8284: 8278: 8263: 8257: 8241: 8234: 8218: 8211: 8202: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8168: 8162: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8134: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8068: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8012: 7996: 7989: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7968: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7924: 7918: 7902: 7896: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7847: 7841: 7839: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7794: 7788: 7769: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7736: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7706: 7700: 7698: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7637:September 14, 7632: 7625: 7617: 7611: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7589: 7586:. Princeton. 7585: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7529: 7525: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7478: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7364: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7292: 7288: 7281: 7274: 7262: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7214: 7202: 7198: 7191: 7176: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7156: 7155: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7118: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7072: 7057: 7050: 7042: 7036: 7032: 7025: 7023: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6995: 6984: 6978: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6957: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6877:10.1002/ss.36 6874: 6871:(97): 21–32. 6870: 6866: 6859: 6840: 6833: 6827: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6785: 6779: 6771: 6769:9780804742016 6765: 6760: 6759: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6700: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6610: 6604: 6596: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6559:(1): 95–118. 6558: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6518: 6516: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6454: 6448: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6415: 6409: 6405: 6398: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6370: 6368: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6276: 6264: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6204: 6200: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6107:on 2020-02-12 6106: 6102: 6096: 6088: 6082: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6011: 5996:on 2016-03-05 5992: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5924: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5892: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5853:on 2013-05-13 5852: 5848: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5753: 5747: 5733: 5731:9781593119508 5727: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5712: 5696: 5695: 5688: 5674:, 5 July 2010 5673: 5672: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5605: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5531: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5463:. 2018-08-20. 5462: 5455: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5410: 5401: 5394: 5386: 5379: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5326: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5265:(3): 419–52. 5264: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5236:September 13, 5232: 5230:9780195133622 5226: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4945: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4901: 4894: 4880:on 2023-09-13 4879: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4861: 4841: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:Social stigma 4788: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4413:State atheism 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4349:Jim Crow laws 4347: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:One-drop rule 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4249:Blood quantum 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4196:Victimisation 4194: 4192: 4191:Trans bashing 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Religious war 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141:Racialization 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4012:Glass ceiling 4010: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3955:Ethnic hatred 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3890:Counter-jihad 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3673:United States 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3536:United States 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3457:Protestantism 3455: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3372:LDS or Mormon 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3302:Transmisogyny 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3205:Gerontophobia 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135:Anti-intersex 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3110:Anti-albinism 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2951:Institutional 2949: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2919: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2894:World on Fire 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2837:John Henryism 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2779: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2740:Theo van Gogh 2737: 2733: 2723: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450:Israeli Arabs 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2420:: High level 2419: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2264:Tyler Stovall 2261: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2138:, 60% of the 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2019: 2018:communities. 2016: 2012: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1841: 1839: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1817:lingua franca 1814: 1809: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720:and 76.8% of 1719: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1408: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332:According to 1329: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1299:spelling bees 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1191: 1190: 1183: 1182: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 989: 988: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 956: 952: 949: 948: 944: 941: 940: 937: 934: 932: 929: 928: 924: 921: 920: 916: 913: 912: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 896: 892: 889: 888: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 872: 869: 868: 864: 861: 860: 856: 853: 852: 848: 845: 844: 840: 837: 836: 832: 829: 828: 825: 818: 816: 813: 812: 808: 806: 803: 802: 798: 796: 793: 792: 788: 786: 783: 782: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 766: 764: 761: 760: 756: 754: 751: 750: 746: 744: 741: 740: 736: 734: 731: 730: 726: 724: 721: 720: 716: 714: 711: 710: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 694: 692: 689: 688: 684: 682: 679: 678: 674: 672: 669: 668: 664: 662: 659: 658: 654: 652: 649: 648: 644: 642: 639: 638: 634: 632: 629: 628: 624: 622: 619: 618: 614: 611: 610: 607: 606: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 586: 584: 583: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 545: 543: 540: 536: 532: 528: 522: 518: 513: 509: 504: 500: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 470: 468: 463: 459: 455: 454: 449: 444: 438: 436: 432: 428: 423: 420: 416: 412: 411:white America 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 378:) as well as 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 360:American Jews 357: 353: 352:socioeconomic 343: 341: 340: 335: 331: 327: 326:family values 323: 319: 315: 314:United States 311: 307: 303: 299: 296: 292: 291: 286: 279:United States 276: 274: 270: 267:, as well as 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 223: 218: 216: 212: 207: 202: 198: 194: 189: 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106:origins) and 105: 101: 96: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 22: 12321:Antisemitism 12219:Xenocentrism 12169:Ethnic slurs 12159:Ethnic party 12122:Ideology and 12101: 12042:Ethnic media 11984:White ethnic 11977:Neotribalism 11932:Nation state 11872:Ethnofiction 11803:ethnogenesis 11774: 11767: 11748: 11717:Central Asia 11709: 11662: 11655: 11638: 11611:Ethnoscience 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