4880:(46): 141–142. "The underlying premise behind the mixed economy was straightforward. Keynes and like-minded reformers were not willing to give up on capitalism, and in particular, two of its basic features: that ownership and control of the economy's means of production would remain primarily in the hands of private capitalists; and that most economic activity would be guided by 'market forces', that is, the dynamic combination of material self-seeking and competition. More specifically, the driving force of the mixed economy, as with free-market capitalism, should continue to be capitalists trying to make as much profit as they can. At the same time, Keynes was clear that in maintaining a profit-driven marketplace, it was also imperative to introduce policy interventions to counteract capitalism's inherent tendencies—demonstrated to devastating effect during the 1930s calamity—toward financial breakdowns, depressions, and mass unemployment. Keynes's framework also showed how full employment and social welfare interventions could be justified not simply on grounds of social uplift, but could also promote the stability of capitalism."
4341:
sectors of the economy, but local and provincial level state-owned enterprises continue to operate in almost every industry including information technology, automobiles, machinery, and hospitality. The latest round of state-owned enterprise reform initiated in 2013 stressed increased dividend payouts of state enterprises to the central government and mixed-ownership reform which includes partial private investment into state-owned firms. As a result, many nominally private-sector firms are partially state-owned by various levels of government and state institutional investors, and many state-owned enterprises are partially privately owned resulting in a mixed ownership economy.
5985:, pp. 102–103: "The emergence of social democracy was partly a result of the Cold War. People argued that if the Stalinist Soviet empire, where the state-controlled everything, showed socialism in action, then socialism was not worth having. ... The consensus policies of a mixed and managed economy and the welfare state, developed by the post-war Labour government, seemed in themselves to provide a basis for viable socialism that would combine prosperity and freedom with social justice and the possibility of a full life for everyone. They could be seen as a compromise between socialism and capitalism."
6411:
6043:, pp. 125–128: "As an ideological stance, social democracy took shape around the mid-twentieth century, resulting from the tendency among western socialist parties not only to adopt parliamentary strategies but also to revise their socialist goals. In particular, they abandoned the goal of abolishing capitalism and sought instead to reform or 'humanize' it. Social democracy, therefore, came to stand for a broad balance between the market economy, on the one hand, and state intervention, on the other."
8728:
4055:
4550:
8691:
4412:. Debate reigns over the appropriate levels of private and public ownership, capitalism and socialism, and government planning within an economy. The centre-left usually supports markets but argues for a higher degree of regulation, public ownership, and planning within an economy. The centre-right generally accepts some level of public ownership and government intervention but argues for lower government regulation and greater privatisation. In 2010,
4672:, Alpha Books (2003), p. 9. "In a market economy, the private-sector businesses and consumers decide what they will produce and purchase, with little government intervention. ... In a command economy, also known as a planned economy, the government largely determines what is produced and in what amounts. In a mixed economy, both market forces and government decisions determine which goods and services are produced and how they are distributed."
6100:. U.S. Embassy Information Resource Center. "As a result, the American economy is perhaps better described as a "mixed" economy, with the government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although Americans often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs in both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful." Retrieved 24 October 2011.
6261:
sponsoring infrastructure development and industrialization behind tariff walls that would keep out
British manufactured goods. ... The American School, elaborated in the nineteenth century by economists like Henry Carey (who advised President Lincoln), inspired the 'American System' of Henry Clay and the protectionist import-substitution policies of Lincoln and his successors in the Republican party well into the twentieth century." (from
4522:
2426:
6277:'Congress must shape its legislation as to incidentally aid all branches of industry, render the people prosperous, and enable them to pay taxes ... for ordinary expenses of Government.' (from "The Greatest Nation of the Earth" Chapter 4 titled "Directing the Legislation of the Country to the Improvement of the Country: Tariff and Tax Legislation" pg. 136-137 published 1997 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College in the USA –
2609:
4536:
2438:
824:
8740:
8716:
4508:
4067:
4038:
8703:
4371:. In the period of dirigisme, the French state used indicative economic planning to supplement market forces for guiding its market economy. It involved state control of industries such as transportation, energy and telecommunication infrastructures as well as various incentives for private corporations to merge or engage in certain projects. Under its influence, France experienced what is called
2576:, Germany implemented a war economy that combined a free market with central planning. The Nazi government collaborated with leading German business interests, who supported the war effort in exchange for advantageous contracts, subsidies, the suppression of trade unions, and the allowance of cartels and monopolies. Scholars have drawn parallels between the American
5047:. Gavekal Dragonomics. p. 4. Retrieved 19 August 2020. "While some may find these estimates low, they are not. Even in the statist 1960s–70s, SOEs in France and the UK did not account for more than 15–20% of capital formation; in the 1980s the developed-nation average was around 8%, and it dropped below 5% in the 1990s. SOEs' role in China is many times larger."
6062:, p. 10: "Thus social democrats do not try to do away with either the market or private property ownership; instead, they attempt to create conditions in which the operation of a capitalist market economy will lead to more egalitarian outcomes and encourage more democratic and more solidaristic practices than would a more conventional capitalist system."
6012:: "In the second, mainly post-war, phase, social democrats came to believe that their ideals and values could be achieved by reforming capitalism rather than abolishing it. They favored a mixed economy in which most industries would be privately owned, with only a small number of utilities and other essential services in public ownership."
6345:
specifically because of wartime collaboration with the Nazis by its owner). Until 1981 no other firms were nationalized, although occasionally new public enterprises were created from scratch or the government bought part of ownership, as it did with
Dassault Aircraft in 1978. Until 1986 none of these industries were denationalized.
6024:, p. 1410: "In addition, particularly since World War II, distinctions have sometimes been made between social democrats and socialists on the basis that the former have accepted the permanence of the mixed economy and have abandoned the idea of replacing the capitalist system with a qualitatively different socialist society."
6289:
for the sensitive position of
Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, was an ex-Democrat, but of the moderate variety on economics, one whom Joseph Dorfman could even describe as 'a good Hamiltonian, and a western progressive of the Lincoln stamp in everything from a tariff to a national bank.'" (from
4397:. Additionally, it calls for greater welfare spending, public housing, and job security. GND proposals seek to maintain capitalism but involve economic planning to reduce carbon emissions and inequality through increased taxation, social spending, and state ownership of essential utilities such as the
6495:
The fact that the state or municipalities own and operate some plants does not alter the characteristic features of a market economy. These publicly owned and operated enterprises are subject to the sovereignty of the market. They must fit themselves, as buyers of raw materials, equipment, and labor,
6288:
Boritt: "Lincoln thus had the pleasure of signing into law much of the program he had worked for through the better part of his political life. And this, as
Leonard P. Curry, the historian of the legislation has aptly written, amounted to a 'blueprint for modern America'. ... The man Lincoln selected
6260:
Lind: "During the nineteenth century the dominant school of
American political economy was the 'American School' of developmental economic nationalism. ... The patron saint of the American School was Alexander Hamilton, whose Report on Manufactures (1791) had called for federal government activism in
5117:
The welfare state emerged in the twentieth century as one institutional form of this socially protective response. In the 1930s, the responses of emerging welfare states to the Great
Depression were to the immediate circumstances of massive unemployment, lost output, and collapse of the financial and
4340:
Following the
Chinese economic reforms initiated in 1978, the Chinese economy has reformed its state-owned enterprises and allowed greater scope for private enterprises to operate alongside the state and collective sectors. In the 1990s, the central government concentrated its ownership in strategic
1143:
in a market economy, portraying the state as encroaching onto the market under the assumption that the market is the natural mechanism for allocating resources. The political definition is limited to capitalistic economies and precludes an extension to non-capitalist systems, and aims to measure the
6539:
To be sure, 'orthodox
Marxism' maintains that the mixed economy is still the capitalism of old, just as 'orthodox' bourgeois theory insists that the mixed economy is a camouflaged form of socialism. Generally, however, both the state-capitalist and mixed economies are recognized as economic systems
4189:
political and economic model then current in the Soviet Union, committing themselves either to an alternative path to socialism or to a compromise between capitalism and socialism. In this period, social democrats embraced a mixed economy based on the predominance of private property and a minority
4110:
Mixed economies understood as a mixture of socially owned and private enterprises have been predicted and advocated by various socialists as a necessary transitional form between capitalism and socialism. Additionally, several proposals for socialist systems call for a mixture of different forms of
2523:
which assume that economic growth, encouraged by a free market, will inevitably succeed in bringing about greater justice and inclusiveness in the world. This opinion, which has never been confirmed by the facts, expresses a crude and naĂŻve trust in the goodness of those wielding economic power and
1151:
The apolitical definition relates to patterns of ownership and management of economic enterprises in an economy, strictly referring to a mix of public and private ownership of enterprises in the economy and is unconcerned with political forms and public policy. Alternatively, it refers to a mixture
6276:
Richardson: "By 1865, the
Republicans had developed a series of high tariffs and taxes that reflected the economic theories of Carey and Wayland and were designed to strengthen and benefit all parts of the American economy, raising the standard of living for everyone. As a Republican concluded ...
6242:
Lind: "Lincoln and his successors in the
Republican party of 1865–1932, by presiding over the industrialization of the United States, foreclosed the option that the United States would remain a rural society with an agrarian economy, as so many Jeffersonians had hoped. ... Hamiltonian side ... the
5970:
The development of the economic system with public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side is a basic characteristic of the socialist economic system at the preliminary stage. This is decided by the quality of socialism and the national situation in
4457:
argued that there can be no mixture of capitalism and socialism. Mises elaborated on this point by contending that even if a market economy contained numerous state-run or nationalized enterprises, this would not make the economy mixed because the existence of such organizations does not alter the
4358:
reforms in 1968 that introduced market processes into its planned economy. Under this system, firms were still publicly owned but not subject to physical production targets and output quotas specified by a national plan. Firms were attached to state ministries that had the power to merge, dissolve
4349:
This type of mixed economy refers to a combination of economic planning with market forces for the guiding of production in an economy and may coincide with a mixture of private and public enterprise. It can include capitalist economies with indicative macroeconomic planning policies and socialist
5075:
In the second, mainly post-war, phase, social democrats came to believe that their ideals and values could be achieved by reforming capitalism rather than abolishing it. They favored a mixed economy in which most industries would be privately owned, with only a small number of utilities and other
1275:
dealt with their emerging, prominent capitalistic sectors or market economies through regulation via state, social, or religious institutions. Due to having low, diffuse populations, and disconnected trade, the economies of Europe could not have supported centralized states or mixed economies and
4227:
This meaning of a mixed economy refers to a combination of market forces with state intervention in the form of regulations, macroeconomic policies and social welfare interventions aimed at improving market outcomes. As such, this type of mixed economy falls under the framework of a capitalistic
1439:
are defined in an idealized sense, what is described rarely—if ever—exists in practice. Most would not consider it unreasonable to label an economy that, while not being a perfect representation, very closely resembles an ideal by applying the rubric that denominates that ideal. When a system in
5146:
There are in general two broad yet distinguishable definitions of 'mixed economy': a political definition and an apolitical definition. The political definition refers to the degree of state intervention in what is a market economy. Thus this definition 'portray the phenomenon in terms of state
2567:
that ostensibly aims to be a middle-ground between socialism and capitalism by mediating labor and business disputes to promote national unity. 20th-century fascist regimes in Italy and Germany adopted large public works programs to stimulate their economies and state interventionism in largely
2539:
as a "top-down, government-driven political exercise" requires a selective reading of 1960s encyclicals. A more comprehensive reading of Catholic social teaching suggests a conceptualization of subsidiarity as a "bottom-up concept" that is "rooted in recognition of a common humanity, not in the
4779:
Alternatively, a mixed economy can emerge when a socialist government makes exceptions to the rule of state ownership to capture economic benefits from private ownership and free-market incentives. A combination of free market principles of private contracting and socialist principles of state
6344:
After World War II a wave of nationalizations occurred, affecting the Bank of France, the four largest commercial banks, the four leading groups of insurance companies, all-electric power and gas producers, the coal mining industry, Air France, and the Renault automobile company (the last
1122:, usually around 15 to 20 percent. In the post-war era, Western European social democracy became associated with this economic model. As an economic ideal, mixed economies are supported by people of various political persuasions, in particular social democrats. The contemporary capitalist
5175:
The apolitical definition of 'mixed economy' generally refers to the mix of public and private ownership forms. ... Here 'mixed economy' itself does not specify a political form. it means an economy characterized by a combination of public and private ownership as well as planning and
4846:
The apolitical definition of 'mixed economy' generally refers to the mix of public and private ownership forms. ... Here 'mixed economy' itself does not specify a political form. it means an economy characterized by a combination of public and private ownership as well as planning and
5971:
the preliminary stage: first, China, as a socialist country, should persist in public ownership as the base of the socialist economy; second, China, as in its preliminary stage, should develop diverse forms of ownership on condition that the public ownership plays a dominant role
4115:'s conception of feasible socialism outlines an economic system based on a combination of state enterprises for large industries, worker and consumer cooperatives, private enterprises for small-scale operations, and individually-owned enterprises. The social democratic theorist
1164:
arose in the context of political debate in the United Kingdom in the postwar period, although the set of policies later associated with the term had been advocated from at least the 1930s. The oldest documented mixed economies in the historical record are found as early as the
5118:
trading systems. Planning was not a key element in the response to the crisis of capitalism. Instead, the character of welfare state intervention can best be described as an 'interventionist drift', reflecting the spontaneous, uncoordinated reactions of the protective response.
4337:—all of which feature large state-owned enterprise sectors operating alongside large private sectors. The French economy featured a large state sector from 1945 until 1986, mixing a substantial amount of state-owned enterprises and nationalized firms with private enterprises.
2558:
is primarily a political ideology that stresses the importance of cultural and social issues over economics, it is generally supportive of a broadly capitalistic mixed economy. It supports state interventionism into markets and private enterprise, alongside a
6496:
and as sellers of goods and services, into the scheme of the market economy. They are subject to the laws of the market and thereby depend on the consumers who may or may not patronize them. They must strive for profits, or at least, to avoid losses.
2493:'s statement that government "should supply help to the members of the social body, but may never destroy or absorb them". Hollenbach writes that a socially just mixed economy involves labor, management, and the state working together through a
1444:
or ideology, the task of identifying it can become problematic, and the term mixed economy was coined. As it is unlikely that an economy will contain a perfectly even mix, mixed economies are usually noted as being skewed towards either
4275:
until the mid-20th century. It consisted of three core policy initiatives: protecting industry through high tariffs (1861–1932; changing to subsidies and reciprocity from 1932–the 1970s), government investment in infrastructure through
1138:
While there is no single all-encompassing definition of a mixed economy, there are generally two major definitions, one being political and the other apolitical. The political definition of a mixed economy refers to the degree of
5936:
4288:
is the economic policy of modern Germany that steers a middle path between the goals of social democracy and capitalism within the framework of a private market economy and aims at maintaining a balance between a high rate of
4944:
In laissez-faire capitalism, the state restricts itself to providing public goods and services that the economy cannot generate by itself and to safeguarding private ownership and the smooth operation of the self-regulating
4496:, ultimately drive the economy. From the Great Depression onward, extant mixed economies in the Western world are still functionally capitalist because the economic system remains based on competition and profit production.
989:
and socialist visions. Yet another definition is apolitical in nature, strictly referring to an economy containing a mixture of private enterprise with public enterprise. Alternatively, a mixed economy can refer to a
882:
government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education. A mixed economy also promotes some form of regulation to protect the public, the environment, or the interests of the state.
4359:
and reorganize them and which established the firm's operating sector. Enterprises had to acquire their inputs and sell their outputs in markets, eventually eroding away at the Soviet-style planned economy.
5147:
encroaching upon the market and thereby suggest that market is the natural or preferable mechanism. ... The political definition of 'mixed economy' precludes extending it to non-capitalist systems.
4466:
and Mises argued that there can be no lasting middle ground between economic planning and a market economy, and any move in the direction of socialist planning is an unintentional move toward what
6088:. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany. "The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles." Retrieved 24 October 2011.
4154:
and allowed a return of markets, where private individuals could administer small and medium-sized enterprises, while the state would control large industries, banks and foreign trade. The
2580:
and public works programs promoted by fascism, arguing that fascism similarly arose in response to the threat of socialist revolution and aimed to "save capitalism" and private property.
5863:
5933:
5760:
2818:
6406:
4228:
market economy, with macroeconomic interventions aimed at promoting the stability of capitalism. Other examples of common government activity in this form of mixed economy include
4284:
to promote the growth of productive enterprises. During this period, the United States grew into the largest economy in the world, surpassing the United Kingdom by 1880. The
6467:
There is no mixture of the two systems possible or thinkable; there is no such thing as a mixed economy, a system that would be in part capitalistic and in part socialist.
4484:
theorists also dispute the viability of a mixed economy as a middle ground between socialism and capitalism. Irrespective of enterprise ownership, either the capitalist
1079:
capitalism, where state activity is limited to maintaining order and security, providing public goods and services, as well as the legal framework for the protection of
4749:, The MIT Press, 2006, p. 4 "the mixed economy where individual decisions are respected but the government attempts to affect these through the policies it implements".
4162:
that consists of a mixture of public, private, and cooperative enterprise—a mixed economy that is oriented toward the long-term development of a socialist economy. The
1361:, Germany had developed a mixed economy with government co-ownership of infrastructure and industry along with a comprehensive social welfare system. After the
1118:, a mixed economy is in practice a form of capitalism where most industries are privately owned but there is a number of utilities and essential services under
6418:, John Quiggin, Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 78. The author made this statement in his chapter which is sharply critical of the strong version of "The
4458:
fundamental characteristics of the market economy. These publicly owned enterprises would still be subject to market sovereignty as they would have to acquire
4293:, low inflation, low levels of unemployment, good working conditions, and public welfare and public services by using state intervention. Under its influence,
977:. While there is no single definition of a mixed economy, one definition is about a mixture of markets with state interventionism, referring specifically to a
5040:
4865:
7277:
7095:
4444:. Critics who argue that capitalism and socialism cannot coexist believe either market logic or economic planning must be prevalent within an economy.
4428:. The real question for policy debates is one of determining the appropriate mix and the way in which the public and private sectors should interact."
4389:
using economic planning with market forces for the guiding of production. The reforms involve phasing out fossil fuels through the implementation of a
854:
4689:- An economy that uses both market signals and government directives to allocate goods and resources." This follows immediately from a discussion on
998:
that allows a substantial role for private enterprise and contracting within a dominant economic framework of public ownership. This can extend to a
4317:. As such, it is sometimes described as a "middle path" or transitional state between capitalism and socialism but can also refer to a mixture of
1292:, mixed economies, which had grown out of the medieval communes, were beginning to emerge in Europe by the 15th century as feudalism declined. In
8940:
8796:
4281:
8620:
6390:
5859:
3866:
2036:
5818:
5755:
4462:
through markets, strive to maximize profits, or at the least try to minimize costs, and utilize monetary accounting for economic calculation.
6434:
1126:
has been described as a type of mixed economy in the sense of state interventionism, as opposed to a mixture of planning and markets, since
2468:
4097:
6265:
Part III "The American School of National Economy" pg. 229–230 published 1997 by Free Press, Simon & Schuster division in the USA –
5901:
5792:
4150:; the introduction of a mixed economy serving as a temporary expedient for rebuilding the nation. The policy eased the restrictions of
5777:
Hollenbach, David (1984). "Unemployment and Jobs: A Theological and Ethical Perspective". In Houck, John; Williams, Oliver (eds.).
6097:
5957:
2764:
1312:
693:
6572:
Gross, Kyle B. (1991) The Politics of State Expansion: War, State and Society in Twentieth-Century Britain. New York: Routledge.
7221:
4957:
2975:
847:
6488:
6460:
6209:
6182:
6118:
6081:
6065:
6046:
6027:
6007:
5988:
5738:
5705:
5628:
5598:
5563:
5536:
5492:
5466:
5439:
5412:
5385:
5358:
5305:
5278:
5251:
5224:
4436:
Numerous economists have questioned the validity of the entire concept of a mixed economy when understood to be a mixture of
2814:
5377:
Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine and Early Ottoman Society: Papers Given at a Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks in May 1982
4917:
8777:
7226:
5058:
6635:
6293:
Chapter 14 titled "The Whig in the White House" pg. 196–197 published 1994 by University of Illinois Press in the USA) –
6227:
Gill: "By 1880 the United States of America had overtaken and surpassed the UK as industrial leader of the world.: (from
6154:
6358:
4190:
of essential utilities and public services under public ownership. As a result, social democracy became associated with
6337:
5168:
5139:
5068:
4899:
4839:
4814:
1059:
are provided by the government, with state activity providing public goods and universal civic requirements, including
282:
6977:
4182:
playing a decisive role—is a necessary characteristic of an economy in the preliminary stage of developing socialism.
1427:
In the apolitical sense, the term mixed economy is used to describe economic systems that combine various elements of
1031:
capitalist system is that markets are subject to varying degrees of regulatory control and governments wield indirect
6298:
6282:
6270:
6254:
6236:
6139:
5678:
5653:
5331:
5197:
5110:
5024:
4723:
4159:
2908:
1963:
840:
217:
6569:
Derthick, Martha and Paul J. Quirk (1985) The Politics of Deregulation. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
5323:
The Cambridge Economic History of Europe from the Decline of the Roman Empire: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages
4404:
Within political discourse, mixed economies are supported by people of various political leanings, particularly the
1419:
economics as capitalist countries embraced mixed economies founded on economic planning, intervention, and welfare.
8612:
7028:
5767:. Paragraph 79. Retrieved 12 August 2018. The papal text refers to "every social activity", not only to government.
4002:
3859:
2494:
2461:
1281:
5726:
8707:
7366:
7085:
6933:
4090:
4046:
1308:
8020:
7910:
7216:
5037:
4862:
4619:
383:
7835:
9485:
9306:
7589:
7346:
6948:
6677:
4163:
4155:
4012:
2935:
2881:
2856:
2724:
2699:
2227:
1885:
828:
723:
443:
433:
9470:
8890:
8676:
8651:
8573:
7629:
4249:
4214:) under a mixed economy, and pledge to reform capitalism and make society more egalitarian and democratic.
3969:
3939:
3914:
2995:
2799:
2656:
2277:
2267:
753:
6522:
6231:
Chapter 6 titled "America becomes Number 1" pg. 39–49 – published 1990 by Praeger Publishers in the USA –
3816:
2524:
in the sacralized workings of the prevailing economic system. Meanwhile, the excluded are still waiting."
9415:
8955:
8671:
8369:
7609:
7418:
7376:
6874:
6419:
4268:
3218:
2898:
2828:
2744:
2714:
2454:
1973:
1910:
1843:
1821:
1080:
1013:
and several others, was not to abandon the capitalist mode of production but to retain a predominance of
999:
7564:
2861:
9500:
9122:
8625:
8469:
7990:
7815:
6847:
4707:
4083:
3871:
3756:
3298:
2282:
1798:
1288:
from the 11th century onward, economic and political power once again became centralized. According to
7711:
6606:
4131:
would be necessary for a long period before capitalism would evolve of its own accord into socialism.
9495:
9480:
9475:
9250:
9062:
8925:
7855:
7790:
7691:
6864:
3964:
3636:
2779:
2759:
2056:
1743:
978:
895:
676:
604:
25:
6387:
2513:, looking out for the dignity of the poorest who risk always ending up crushed by the powerful". In
9031:
8995:
8770:
8000:
7860:
7493:
7282:
7023:
6249:
Introduction pg. xiv-xv – published 1997 by Free Press, Simon & Schuster division in the USA –
4802:
4420:
wrote: "The experience of the twentieth century suggests that a mixed economy will outperform both
4322:
4229:
4167:
3846:
2903:
2794:
2510:
2486:
2330:
2026:
1873:
1712:
1686:
1608:
1553:
1412:
1114:- social democracy was created as a combination of socialism and liberal democracy) as part of the
931:
212:
9206:
9395:
9289:
8825:
8744:
7701:
7336:
7080:
6972:
6859:
6754:
6628:
6431:
6243:
Federalists; the National Republicans; the Whigs, the Republicans; the Progressives ... ." (from
4489:
4367:
in France, designating an economy where the government exerts strong directive influence through
4171:
4071:
4022:
3904:
3130:
3120:
2960:
2915:
2222:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1548:
1378:
1373:
began to advocate for economic theories that argued more government intervention in the economy.
1068:
1022:
890:
capitalist economy which seeks to abolish or privatize most government services while wanting to
778:
728:
609:
337:
207:
4806:
4796:
4202:. Social democratic governments in practice largely maintain the capitalist mode of production (
9505:
9365:
9360:
9275:
9245:
8314:
8299:
7980:
7975:
7599:
7544:
7468:
7423:
7341:
7294:
7201:
6889:
6827:
4599:
4355:
4271:
is the economic philosophy that dominated United States national policies from the time of the
4120:
3909:
3253:
3015:
2851:
2749:
2739:
2528:
2520:
2375:
2252:
2046:
1905:
1836:
1723:
1681:
1441:
985:
oversight and extensive interventions into markets. Another is that of active collaboration of
788:
187:
8389:
5779:
Catholic social teaching and the United States economy: working papers for a bishops' pastoral
5695:
5618:
5553:
5429:
5161:
Towards a Radical Democracy (Routledge Revivals): The Political Economy of the Budapest School
5132:
Towards a Radical Democracy (Routledge Revivals): The Political Economy of the Budapest School
4832:
Towards a Radical Democracy (Routledge Revivals): The Political Economy of the Budapest School
3776:
9425:
9400:
9385:
9316:
9301:
9136:
9102:
9025:
9010:
8895:
8810:
8174:
8040:
7805:
7770:
7730:
7478:
7299:
6808:
6744:
5924:. Cambridge, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1997. pg. 146.
5897:
5588:
5402:
5295:
5268:
5214:
4409:
4372:
4285:
4277:
4195:
3766:
3528:
3303:
3283:
3248:
3160:
3090:
3065:
2355:
2340:
2262:
2242:
2197:
2094:
1953:
1943:
1915:
1788:
1778:
1706:
1387:
1297:
1202:
1198:
1140:
1003:
954:
783:
428:
118:
88:
73:
9020:
5482:
1701:
1369:
threw much of the global economy into a severe economic decline, British economists such as
1189:
city-states can also best be characterized as mixed economies. It is also possible that the
9042:
9005:
8880:
8845:
8279:
7985:
7940:
7825:
7594:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7267:
7075:
7013:
6759:
6692:
6659:
6655:
4940:
Comparative Economic Transformations: Mainland China, Hungary, the Soviet Union, and Taiwan
4405:
4330:
4241:
4233:
4175:
3836:
3736:
3671:
3208:
3135:
2990:
2734:
2684:
2641:
2624:
2619:
2405:
2360:
2335:
2302:
2006:
2001:
1938:
1933:
1691:
1528:
1250:
688:
496:
393:
357:
202:
135:
83:
8905:
6575:
Rosin, Kirk (1992). "Economic theory and the welfare state: a survey and interpretation".
4350:
planned economies that introduced market forces into their economies such as in Hungary's
8:
9465:
9355:
9350:
9235:
9067:
9037:
8850:
8830:
8763:
8474:
8304:
8284:
7965:
7785:
7740:
7649:
7639:
7549:
7539:
7518:
7488:
7386:
7326:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7145:
7038:
6955:
6911:
6906:
6899:
4649:
4624:
4604:
4493:
4463:
4386:
4368:
4314:
4191:
4143:
4017:
3984:
3944:
3929:
3213:
3125:
3115:
3085:
2980:
2866:
2833:
2679:
2661:
2651:
2608:
2560:
2119:
2041:
1996:
1991:
1858:
1848:
1748:
1558:
1523:
1481:
1370:
1293:
1222:
1218:
1170:
1091:
1052:
1018:
1010:
798:
743:
738:
671:
661:
347:
182:
8274:
8219:
7706:
3791:
1217:, among others, all practiced some form of a mixed economy. According to the historians
9490:
9375:
9196:
9127:
9087:
8950:
8695:
8656:
8399:
8354:
8339:
8129:
7900:
7667:
7614:
7574:
7443:
7433:
7412:
7252:
7153:
7100:
6986:
6928:
6842:
6702:
6682:
6667:
6621:
5697:
Planning in the 20th Century and Beyond: India's Planning Commission and the NITI Aayog
4712:
4629:
4334:
4272:
4128:
4007:
3949:
3781:
3706:
3478:
3458:
3443:
3293:
3198:
3055:
3035:
3020:
2970:
2950:
2928:
2769:
2704:
2592:
2365:
2325:
2202:
2051:
2016:
1803:
1763:
1718:
1638:
1593:
1573:
1316:
1264:
1193:
city-states depended on mixed economies to manage trade. Before being conquered by the
1115:
1056:
958:
950:
803:
763:
634:
539:
158:
140:
130:
123:
8084:
4252:. The term is also used to describe the economies of countries that feature extensive
4248:. Most contemporary market-oriented economies fall under this category, including the
3568:
1002:
that has been reformed to incorporate a greater role for markets in the allocation of
9345:
9216:
9211:
9168:
9112:
9082:
9047:
8990:
8855:
8509:
8449:
8244:
7955:
7696:
7584:
7579:
7381:
7196:
7175:
7060:
7018:
6921:
6832:
6789:
6769:
6729:
6697:
6484:
6456:
6333:
6294:
6278:
6266:
6250:
6245:
6232:
6205:
6178:
6135:
6114:
5734:
5701:
5674:
5649:
5624:
5594:
5569:
5559:
5532:
5488:
5462:
5435:
5408:
5381:
5354:
5327:
5301:
5274:
5247:
5220:
5193:
5164:
5135:
5106:
5064:
5020:
4895:
4835:
4810:
4719:
4614:
4527:
4492:
drive the economy or conscious planning and non-monetary forms of valuation, such as
4477:
4471:
4364:
4351:
4326:
4135:
3899:
3811:
3716:
3578:
3508:
3413:
3398:
3165:
3105:
3060:
3045:
3005:
2940:
2719:
2709:
2646:
2515:
2430:
2297:
2164:
2154:
2099:
2021:
1895:
1880:
1758:
1728:
1658:
1648:
1583:
1446:
1404:
1354:
1285:
1272:
1271:
mixed economies that preceded them, and the economies of Islamic empires such as the
1268:
1166:
1127:
1014:
995:
962:
911:
656:
408:
388:
175:
168:
163:
4965:
4185:
In the early post-war era in Western Europe, social democratic parties rejected the
4178:
position that an economic system containing diverse forms of ownership—but with the
9435:
9410:
9405:
9311:
9201:
9163:
9158:
9117:
9107:
9097:
9057:
8875:
8860:
8732:
8720:
8593:
8459:
8444:
8419:
8404:
8239:
8169:
8079:
8050:
8035:
8010:
7970:
7960:
7925:
7920:
7865:
7840:
7830:
7800:
7760:
7569:
7554:
7503:
7483:
7351:
7331:
7240:
6894:
6837:
6764:
6734:
4589:
4569:
4541:
4513:
4481:
4454:
4421:
4394:
4318:
4310:
4261:
4207:
4116:
4059:
4042:
3761:
3741:
3661:
3656:
3598:
3558:
3548:
3513:
3433:
3408:
3378:
3363:
3358:
3333:
3278:
3263:
3170:
3145:
3075:
3030:
3000:
2888:
2876:
2804:
2789:
2729:
2694:
2482:
2232:
2207:
2159:
2139:
2084:
2061:
2011:
1890:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1738:
1628:
1578:
1568:
1563:
1450:
1428:
1400:
1396:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1257:
in its eastern part continued to have a mixed economy until its destruction by the
1254:
1119:
1111:
923:
915:
649:
584:
569:
521:
511:
505:
478:
463:
234:
197:
7795:
7780:
3841:
3503:
3233:
9430:
9420:
9390:
9296:
8930:
8840:
8464:
8434:
8254:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8164:
8154:
8149:
8134:
8104:
8030:
7890:
7870:
7845:
7775:
7735:
7624:
7619:
7498:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7128:
6991:
6854:
6717:
6712:
6601:
6438:
6415:
6394:
6199:
6172:
6158:
6085:
6078:
5940:
5905:
5867:
5764:
5730:
5526:
5509:
5456:
5375:
5348:
5321:
5241:
5044:
4987:
4921:
4914:
4869:
4763:
4609:
4564:
4398:
4290:
3979:
3974:
3919:
3726:
3686:
3518:
3488:
3473:
3423:
3393:
3328:
3268:
3228:
3150:
3140:
3040:
2784:
2774:
2532:
2442:
2287:
2192:
2149:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2031:
1826:
1466:
1432:
1408:
1289:
1214:
1145:
1099:
1040:
946:
938:
773:
733:
698:
594:
554:
549:
516:
362:
342:
332:
322:
307:
287:
222:
108:
33:
7820:
6229:
Trade Wars Against America: A History of United States Trade and Monetary Policy
5723:
Financial Markets in Vietnam's Transition Economy: Facts, Insights, Implications
1249:
all had the basic characteristics of mixed economies. After the collapse of the
9148:
9092:
9072:
8910:
8865:
8820:
8815:
8553:
8494:
8454:
8439:
8374:
8364:
8344:
8334:
8324:
8289:
8269:
8209:
8159:
8119:
8094:
8089:
8015:
7945:
7810:
7755:
7604:
7371:
7356:
7287:
7206:
6916:
4584:
4467:
4382:
4378:
4298:
4245:
4139:
4112:
3934:
3826:
3796:
3786:
3711:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3553:
3533:
3493:
3463:
3403:
3343:
3318:
3258:
2945:
2754:
2569:
2564:
2542:
2498:
2395:
2380:
2350:
2272:
1768:
1613:
1603:
1533:
1518:
1513:
1462:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1258:
1194:
1186:
942:
758:
574:
468:
312:
8558:
8199:
7875:
6151:
5844:
Denis O'Brien (2014). "Subsidiarity and Solidarity". In Booth, Phillip (ed.).
5573:
3831:
2134:
9459:
9380:
9255:
9173:
9077:
8945:
8915:
8885:
8583:
8424:
8414:
8384:
8359:
8329:
8264:
8259:
8194:
8189:
8109:
8045:
8025:
7935:
7915:
7895:
7745:
7513:
7448:
7406:
7257:
7245:
7211:
7121:
7112:
7065:
6707:
6130:
Eds. Johan Fritzell, Bjorn Hvinden, Mikko Kautto, Jon Kvist, Hannu Uusitalo.
4634:
4425:
4253:
4203:
4199:
4179:
4151:
3959:
3954:
3821:
3771:
3751:
3746:
3721:
3696:
3593:
3498:
3418:
3338:
3313:
3238:
3175:
3010:
2809:
2506:
2385:
2257:
2217:
2089:
1753:
1653:
1633:
1337:
1332:
1238:
1226:
1123:
1103:
1087:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1027:
970:
887:
872:
808:
793:
599:
589:
579:
564:
544:
473:
239:
150:
113:
103:
93:
8005:
4297:
emerged from desolation and defeat to become an industrial giant within the
4170:, which represents an early stage of socialist development according to the
3243:
9326:
9280:
9260:
9191:
9052:
9000:
8835:
8524:
8504:
8499:
8489:
8429:
8309:
8179:
7905:
7885:
7880:
7850:
7750:
7272:
7090:
6943:
6879:
5922:
The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism: Eduard Bernstein And Social Democracy
5524:
4792:
4579:
4485:
4459:
4449:
4417:
4390:
4309:
This type of mixed economy specifically refers to a mixture of private and
4257:
4147:
4111:
enterprise ownership including a role for private enterprise. For example,
3701:
3651:
3646:
3631:
3588:
3573:
3543:
3468:
3453:
3428:
3388:
3348:
3323:
3288:
3203:
2573:
2572:-dominated economies to promote re-armament and national interests. During
2536:
2502:
2490:
2307:
2247:
2174:
1958:
1733:
1643:
1392:
1350:
1346:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1206:
1072:
1048:
927:
907:
903:
891:
879:
683:
559:
423:
418:
413:
398:
352:
327:
302:
297:
244:
98:
8144:
6529:. Boston, Massachusetts: Extending Horizons Books/Porter Sargent Publisher
3691:
906:. Examples of political philosophies that support mixed economies include
9445:
9230:
9153:
9143:
8970:
8920:
8870:
8588:
8578:
8529:
8519:
8514:
8484:
8319:
8294:
8249:
8114:
8055:
7995:
7950:
7765:
7672:
7634:
7559:
7508:
7428:
7180:
6884:
6794:
6722:
5270:
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean: Private Order and Public Institutions
4574:
4413:
4124:
3924:
3806:
3641:
3603:
3583:
3523:
3483:
3448:
3383:
3373:
3353:
3308:
3223:
3193:
3155:
3050:
2893:
2823:
2689:
2390:
2292:
2212:
1968:
1663:
1618:
1588:
1543:
1358:
1174:
966:
899:
748:
703:
666:
644:
639:
252:
227:
5400:
9265:
9240:
9178:
8965:
8786:
8598:
8534:
8214:
8204:
8124:
7262:
7133:
7003:
6962:
6938:
6813:
6774:
5793:"Pope: Taxation should favor wealth redistribution for public services"
5742:
5721:
4644:
4555:
4437:
4211:
3894:
3801:
3538:
3368:
3070:
3025:
2370:
2079:
1900:
1831:
1489:
1454:
1436:
1320:
1246:
1107:
1095:
1064:
986:
982:
875:
78:
46:
5960:. Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. 25 June 2004
5586:
5380:. University of Birmingham, Centre for Byzantine Studies. p. 59.
4119:
advocated a form of a mixed economy, believing that a mixed system of
9440:
9370:
9340:
9270:
9015:
8960:
8935:
8900:
8646:
8641:
8568:
8394:
8184:
8139:
8074:
7930:
7534:
7473:
7361:
7231:
7107:
7033:
6998:
6822:
6749:
6687:
6645:
6540:
adhering to the principle of progress by way of capital accumulation.
4639:
4441:
4360:
4186:
3889:
3731:
3563:
3273:
3110:
3095:
2985:
2965:
2955:
2600:
2509:
throughout his papacy and encouraged state welfare programs for "the
2410:
2400:
2345:
2169:
2104:
1948:
1696:
1503:
1458:
1301:
1277:
1190:
1060:
991:
974:
768:
292:
257:
192:
56:
51:
5879:
Gupta, Dipankar (18 June 1977). "The Political Economy of Fascism".
5616:
4549:
8666:
8661:
8563:
8099:
7048:
7043:
7008:
6869:
6779:
5860:"Industrial Investment in Nazi Germany: The Forgotten Wartime Boom"
4594:
2577:
2237:
2144:
1598:
1508:
1201:
engaged in a "strong mixed economy". In general, the cities of the
145:
5011:
Miller, David (1998). "Social Democracy". In Craig, Edward (ed.).
1152:
of economic planning and markets for the allocation of resources.
9321:
9183:
8479:
8379:
7304:
6784:
6739:
6588:
Dynamics of the Mixed Economy: Toward a Theory of Interventionism
6583:(2): 741–803. A review essay looking at the economics literature.
5819:"Pope Francis understands economics better than most politicians"
5551:
4521:
4294:
4237:
3621:
3100:
3080:
2555:
2425:
1538:
919:
501:
277:
5914:
5239:
4381:(GND) proposals call for social and economic reforms to address
8975:
8409:
8349:
7070:
5511:
Challenge to the American Economy: An Introduction to Economics
4535:
3626:
2437:
1210:
823:
629:
8739:
8715:
6098:(4)Outline of the U.S. Economy – (2)How the U.S. Economy Works
4507:
4264:, which combine free markets with an extensive welfare state.
4066:
4037:
1043:
policies with a view to counteracting capitalism's history of
8755:
7054:
5212:
5190:
Theories of the Mixed Economy (Theories of the mixed economy)
4393:
and emission regulations, while increasing state spending on
4222:
3438:
1623:
1440:
question, diverges to a significant extent from an idealized
1055:. In this framework, varying degrees of public utilities and
6613:
1304:
attempted to institute a mixed economy on a national scale.
4321:
with private capitalism. Examples include the economies of
2871:
2489:
calls for a "new form" of mixed economy. He refers back to
1182:
1178:
6034:
1381:, also began to advocate for a mixed economy in his books
6557:
Liberty, Market and State: Political Economy in the 1980s
5587:
Michael Charles Howard; John Edward King (14 July 2014).
5552:
Philip J. Adler; Randall L. Pouwels (28 September 2016).
5091:. Ed. R. J. Barry Jones. Taylor & Francis, 2001. 1410
5089:
Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy
4874:
Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization, and Welfare
1353:
economy of France with one that was mixed and focused on
1130:
was not a key feature or component of the welfare state.
5976:
5484:
Nationalization and Privatization in Contemporary France
4798:
The Capitalism Papers: Fatal Flaws of an Obsolete System
1086:
About Western European economic models as championed by
1025:
as its fundamental driving force. The difference from a
6053:
5694:
Guichard, Sylvie; Mehrotra, Santosh (29 October 2020).
5617:
Pekka Suvanto; trans Roderick Fletcher (7 March 2016).
4780:
ownership or planning is common to all mixed economies.
4344:
4304:
6111:
Globalization & the Nordic Success Model: Part II.
5612:
5610:
5525:
Frederick William Preston; Ronald Wayne Smith (1988).
5101:
O'Hara, Phillip Anthony, ed. (1999). "Welfare state".
6330:
Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy
6015:
1267:
drew their primary material basis from the classical
6408:
Zombie Economics: How Dead Ideas Still Walk among Us
6161:. United States History. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
6113:
2010. Arto Lahti & Ventus Publishing ApS. p 60.
5687:
5620:
Conservatism from the French Revolution to the 1990s
5233:
4503:
2535:. Subsequent scholars have noted that conceiving of
1331:, exhibited the traits of a mixed economy combining
965:. Common to all mixed economies is a combination of
6363:
East Asia Forum Quarterly: Volume 6, Number 4, 2014
6197:
5607:
5590:
A History of Marxian Economics, Volume I: 1883-1929
5401:Professor W Montgomery Watt; Pierre Cachia (1977).
5300:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 10.
5240:Signe Isager; Jens Erik Skydsgaard (3 April 2013).
1284:. With the recovery of populations and the rise of
6564:America’s Welfare State: From Roosevelt to Reagan.
6422:", especially as it pertains to financial markets.
6132:The Nordic Welfare States in the European Context.
4711:
1319:, and supported by later American leaders such as
6198:O'Brien, Robert; Williams, Marc (13 April 2016).
6079:"U.S. Economy - Basic Conditions & Resources"
5848:. The Institute of Economic Affairs. p. 454.
5843:
5662:
5637:
1391:(1938). Supporters of the mixed economy included
1009:The idea behind a mixed economy, as advocated by
9457:
6201:Global Political Economy: Evolution and Dynamics
6174:The Making of Modern British Politics, 1867-1939
5781:. University Press of America. pp. 132–133.
5693:
5545:
5518:
4714:Political Economy: The Contest of Economic Ideas
8941:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
6310:
6308:
6291:Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
5846:Catholic social teaching and the market economy
5213:Karl Moore; David Charles Lewis (2 June 2009).
6359:"The long march to the mixed economy in China"
5898:"Feasible Socialism: Market or Plan – Or Both"
5580:
5394:
5206:
5060:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 8
8771:
6629:
6328:Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (2004).
5558:(8 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 442.
4857:
4855:
4091:
2519:, he states: "Some people continue to defend
2462:
1280:predominated for the centuries following the
848:
6305:
6064:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWeisskopf1992 (
6006:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMiller1998 (
5745:, February 2010, 66123 SaarbrĂĽcken, Germany.
5260:
4872:(July–August). Book review of Andrew Glyn's
5870:Yale University. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
5700:. Cambridge University Press. p. 285.
5340:
5287:
1472:
1415:, there was general worldwide rejection of
8778:
8764:
6636:
6622:
6045:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeywood2012 (
5776:
5593:. Princeton University Press. p. 66.
5421:
5326:. The University Press. 1941. p. 35.
5273:. Princeton University Press. p. 48.
5243:Ancient Greek Agriculture: An Introduction
5100:
4928:. 2 March 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
4852:
4223:Mix of free markets and state intervention
4098:
4084:
2469:
2455:
937:A mixed economy can also be defined as an
855:
841:
6059:
5448:
1021:, with profit-seeking enterprise and the
6523:"State-Capitalism and The Mixed Economi"
6026:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJones2001 (
5987:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAdams1993 (
5668:
5501:
5367:
5294:Dunstan, William E. (16 November 2010).
5266:
4942:. Stanford University Press. p. 8.
4706:
871:is an economic system that accepts both
7091:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought
6537:– via Marxists Internet Archive.
6520:
6441:. Investopedia. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
6397:. Investopedia. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
6040:
5346:
5293:
5076:essential services in public ownership.
4718:(2 ed.). Oxford University Press.
4670:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Economics
4363:was an economic policy initiated under
1422:
1349:began the process of replacing the old
1313:United States Secretary of the Treasury
9458:
7096:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
6327:
6001:
5643:
5427:
5407:. Transaction Publishers. p. 43.
5347:Douglas, Jack D. (29 September 2017).
5094:
4892:The Public Sector in the Mixed Economy
4791:
4745:Hendricks, Jean and Gaoreth D. Myles.
2527:Catholic social teaching opposes both
1403:, who were mostly associated with the
8759:
8621:International socialist organizations
6617:
6481:Human Action: A Treatise on Economics
6478:
6453:Human Action: A Treatise on Economics
6450:
6021:
5982:
5454:
5353:. Taylor & Francis. p. 339.
5158:
5129:
5056:
4829:
3867:International socialist organizations
2815:To each according to his contribution
6170:
5507:
5455:White, Damian F. (20 October 2008).
5373:
5087:"Social democracy". Jason P. Abbot.
5013:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4889:
4757:
4755:
4656:
4345:Mix of markets and economic planning
4305:Mix of private and public enterprise
8702:
6566:The Johns Hopkins University Press.
6356:
5673:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
5187:
5159:Brown, Douglas (11 November 2011).
5130:Brown, Douglas (11 November 2011).
4830:Brown, Douglas (11 November 2011).
4685:, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010, p. 15. "
902:most services like under the early
13:
6548:
5958:"Socialist Market Economic System"
5714:
5528:Sociology: A Contemporary Approach
4937:
1407:in the United Kingdom. During the
1144:degree of state influence through
14:
9517:
6595:
6509:Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener
6316:Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener
5434:. Psychology Press. p. 125.
5219:. Routledge. pp. 24–25, 36.
5103:Encyclopedia of Political Economy
4761:
4752:
4160:socialist-oriented market economy
829:Business and economics portal
8738:
8726:
8714:
8701:
8690:
8689:
5531:. Allyn and Bacon. p. 501.
4548:
4534:
4520:
4506:
4065:
4053:
4036:
2607:
2436:
2424:
1311:initially proposed by the first
822:
8545:
8066:
7722:
7683:
7659:
7367:Dictatorship of the proletariat
6527:The Limits of the Mixed Economy
6514:
6501:
6472:
6444:
6425:
6400:
6381:
6350:
6321:
6218:
6191:
6164:
6145:
6124:
6103:
6091:
6072:
5995:
5950:
5934:"The New Economic Policy (NEP)"
5927:
5890:
5873:
5852:
5837:
5811:
5785:
5770:
5748:
5475:
5314:
5267:Terostra, Taco (9 April 2019).
5181:
5152:
5123:
5081:
5050:
5038:"The State of the State Sector"
5030:
5005:
4980:
4950:
4931:
4908:
1300:acting as finance minister for
973:) principles and principles of
8785:
7610:Organizational self-management
6577:Journal of Economic Literature
6388:"The Green New Deal Explained"
5623:. Springer. pp. 105–106.
5514:. Allyn and Bacon. p. 39.
5458:Bookchin: A Critical Appraisal
5192:. Pickering & Chatto Ltd.
4926:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
4883:
4823:
4785:
4768:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
4739:
4700:
4675:
4662:
1377:, a British politician in the
1083:and enforcement of contracts.
969:(particularly the elements of
1:
9307:Critique of political economy
7590:Free association of producers
7347:Critique of political economy
6643:
6511:. St. Martin's Press. p. 126.
6483:. Liberty Fund. p. 259.
6455:. Liberty Fund. p. 259.
5881:Economic and Political Weekly
5350:The Myth of the Welfare State
5163:. Routledge. pp. 10–11.
5134:. Routledge. pp. 10–11.
5036:Batson, Andrew (March 2017).
4863:"Resurrection of the Rentier"
4834:. Routledge. pp. 10–11.
4747:Intermediate Public Economics
4375:of profound economic growth.
4156:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2700:Critique of political economy
2228:Critique of political economy
1886:Critique of political economy
1435:. As most political-economic
1276:instead a primarily agrarian
724:Commons-based peer production
444:Socialism of the 21st century
8891:History of capitalist theory
8677:Socialist calculation debate
8652:Economic calculation problem
7630:Socialist mode of production
5911:. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
5216:The Origins of Globalization
4431:
4250:economy of the United States
3970:Socialist calculation debate
3940:List of socialist economists
3915:Economic calculation problem
2800:Socialist mode of production
2657:Socialist calculation debate
2583:
2563:framework, referred to as a
2278:Periodizations of capitalism
7:
8745:Organized Labour portal
7484:Socialisation of production
6562:Buckwitz, George D. (1991)
6420:efficient-market hypothesis
6224:See the following sources:
5648:. London: Allen and Unwin.
5487:. Hoover Press. p. 4.
5461:. Pluto Press. p. 63.
5105:. Routledge. p. 1247.
5057:Craig, Edward (June 1998).
4499:
4217:
4158:describes its economy as a
1974:Simple commodity production
1357:. By 1914 and the start of
1133:
1000:Soviet-type planned economy
10:
9522:
7991:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
7816:Victor Prosper Considerant
6559:New York University Press.
6555:Buchanan, James M. (1986)
6357:Fan, He (9 January 2015).
6332:. MIT Press. p. 187.
6204:. Macmillan Education UK.
6152:"The Progressive Movement"
5669:Crosland, Anthony (1977).
5404:A History of Islamic Spain
5246:. Routledge. p. 202.
5063:. Routledge. p. 827.
4894:. Bratsford. p. 240.
4620:Public–private partnership
4164:People's Republic of China
2549:
2283:Perspectives on capitalism
1265:Medieval Islamic societies
1155:
9334:
9288:
9251:Labour market flexibility
9224:
9135:
8984:
8926:Multinational corporation
8803:
8793:
8685:
8634:
8611:
8543:
8064:
7856:William Batchelder Greene
7791:Francisco Largo Caballero
7720:
7681:
7657:
7648:
7527:
7317:
7189:
7144:
6971:
6807:
6666:
6653:
5947:. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
5904:25 September 2017 at the
5428:Turner, Bryan S. (1998).
4174:(CCP). The CCP takes the
3965:Socialism and LGBT rights
2909:Socialist-oriented market
2857:Socialist planned economy
2760:Material balance planning
994:transitionary phase to a
979:capitalist market economy
896:centrally planned economy
894:the economy, and a fully
886:This is in contrast to a
218:Socialist-oriented market
8001:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
7494:Socialist market economy
6507:Gardner, Martin (1991).
6314:Gardner, Martin (1991).
5866:27 November 2021 at the
5858:Scherner, Jonas (2006).
5374:Oaks, Dumbarton (1986).
5043:12 November 2020 at the
4354:, which inaugurated the
4230:environmental protection
4168:socialist market economy
2904:Socialist market economy
2829:Workers' self-management
2795:Socialism in one country
2642:Age of the Enlightenment
2540:political equivalent of
2511:redistribution of wealth
2497:system that distributes
2487:Catholic social teaching
1554:Economic interventionism
1473:Catholic social teaching
1413:Golden Age of Capitalism
1411:and coinciding with the
932:socialist market economy
9396:Individualist anarchism
7712:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
7702:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
7382:Equality of opportunity
7337:Criticism of capitalism
7086:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
6843:Left-wing laissez-faire
6607:Encyclopædia Britannica
6432:"Mixed Economic System"
6414:6 December 2022 at the
6084:20 October 2017 at the
5939:6 December 2022 at the
5754:Pius XI (15 May 1931).
5729:10 January 2020 at the
5671:The Future of socialism
4962:Encyclopedia Britannica
4861:Pollin, Robert (2007).
4683:The Micro Economy Today
4490:accumulation of capital
4172:Chinese Communist Party
4121:state-owned enterprises
3905:Criticism of capitalism
2916:Participatory economics
2750:Labour-time calculation
2223:Criticism of capitalism
1185:. The economies of the
1069:physical infrastructure
1023:accumulation of capital
941:blending elements of a
16:Type of economic system
9361:Collectivist anarchism
9276:Social venture capital
9246:Freedom of association
8370:José Carlos Mariátegui
8315:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
8300:Martin Luther King Jr.
7981:Luis Emilio Recabarren
7976:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
7911:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
7600:Labor-time calculation
7565:Decentralized planning
7469:Proletarian revolution
7424:State-owned enterprise
7342:Criticism of socialism
6586:Sanford Ikeda (1997).
6521:Mattick, Paul (1969).
6479:Mises, Ludwig (2007).
6451:Mises, Ludwig (2007).
6134:2001. Routledge. p 3.
5644:Tawney, R. H. (1964).
5508:Fels, Rendigs (1961).
4920:1 October 2019 at the
4600:Neoclassical economics
4356:New Economic Mechanism
3910:Criticism of socialism
2862:Decentralized planning
2765:Peer‑to‑peer economics
2529:unregulated capitalism
2253:Exploitation of labour
1964:Primitive accumulation
1345:spending. After 1851,
1075:. This contrasts with
9426:Post-scarcity economy
9401:Libertarian socialism
9386:Free-market socialism
9317:Market fundamentalism
9302:Capitalist propaganda
8896:Industrial Revolution
8811:Anarchy of production
8708:Socialism WikiProject
8470:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
8175:Cornelius Castoriadis
8041:Alfred Russel Wallace
7806:Nikolay Chernyshevsky
7771:Louis Auguste Blanqui
7731:Stephen Pearl Andrews
7560:Cooperative ownership
7081:Maoism–Third Worldism
6393:27 April 2022 at the
6318:. St. Martin's Press.
6171:Pugh, Martin (1982).
4890:Rees, Merlyn (1973).
4868:12 April 2019 at the
4708:Stilwell, Frank J. B.
4373:Thirty Glorious Years
4286:social market economy
4278:internal improvements
4196:state interventionism
2521:trickle-down theories
2431:Capitalism portal
2243:Culture of capitalism
2198:Capitalist propaganda
1954:Industrial Revolution
1944:Commercial Revolution
1298:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
1203:Ancient Mediterranean
1199:Etruscan civilization
1141:state interventionism
1004:factors of production
955:state interventionism
9486:Political philosophy
8881:Financial Revolution
8846:Economic development
8733:Communism portal
8721:Socialism portal
8672:Socialism by country
8280:Pablo Iglesias Posse
7986:Henri de Saint-Simon
7941:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
7595:Industrial democracy
7402:History of socialism
7397:History of communism
7392:History of anarchism
6590:. London: Routledge.
5920:Steger, Manfred B.
4938:Wu, Yu-Shan (1995).
4313:of industry and the
4242:economic competition
4234:employment standards
4060:Communism portal
4043:Socialism portal
2735:Industrial democracy
2685:Collective ownership
2406:Right-libertarianism
2336:Classical liberalism
2303:Venture philanthropy
1939:Capitalism and Islam
1934:Age of Enlightenment
1529:Capital accumulation
1469:in varying degrees.
1423:Political philosophy
1251:Western Roman Empire
1171:Ancient Mesopotamian
1071:, and management of
754:Newly industrialized
497:Collective ownership
358:Vertical archipelago
9471:Economic ideologies
9356:Anarcho-syndicalism
9351:Anarcho-primitivism
9236:Economic inequality
8851:Economic liberalism
8475:George Bernard Shaw
8390:François Mitterrand
8305:Alexandra Kollontai
8285:Jayaprakash Narayan
7966:Constantin Pecqueur
7786:Philippe Buonarroti
7741:John Goodwyn Barmby
7640:Workplace democracy
7550:Calculation in kind
7540:Anarchist economics
7489:Socialist economics
7387:Equality of outcome
7327:Anarchist economics
7039:Ho Chi Minh Thought
6956:Orthodox Trotskyism
6912:Libertarian Marxism
6907:Left-libertarianism
6263:Hamilton's Republic
6246:Hamilton's Republic
6177:. Basil Blackwell.
6157:23 May 2011 at the
5763:1 June 2020 at the
5720:Vuong, Quan-Hoang.
5555:World Civilizations
4681:Schiller, Bradley.
4650:Types of capitalism
4625:Socialist economics
4605:Keynesian economics
4494:calculation in kind
4464:Friedrich von Hayek
4387:economic inequality
4369:indicative planning
4315:means of production
4192:Keynesian economics
4144:New Economic Policy
4129:private enterprises
3945:Market abolitionism
3930:Left-libertarianism
2867:Inclusive Democracy
2834:Workplace democracy
2680:Calculation in kind
2662:Socialist economics
2652:Revolutions of 1848
2561:fascist corporatist
2443:Business portal
1559:Economic liberalism
1549:Competitive markets
1371:John Maynard Keynes
1294:17th-century France
1225:, the economies of
1219:Michael Rostovtzeff
1205:in regions such as
1092:Christian democrats
1053:economic inequality
1019:means of production
1017:and control of the
1011:John Maynard Keynes
945:with elements of a
739:Inclusive Democracy
9376:Economic democracy
9197:Private foundation
8657:Marxist philosophy
8574:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
8400:Gamal Abdel Nasser
8355:Alasdair MacIntyre
8130:Simone de Beauvoir
7901:Ferdinand Lassalle
7668:Tommaso Campanella
7615:Production for use
7575:Economic democracy
7444:Mode of production
7434:Left-wing politics
7413:The Internationale
7101:Xi Jinping Thought
6437:1 May 2022 at the
5825:. 27 November 2013
5188:Reisman, David A.
4958:"social democracy"
4630:Social corporatism
4273:American Civil War
3950:Marxist philosophy
2770:Production for use
2740:Input–output model
2705:Economic democracy
2203:Capitalist realism
1594:Goods and services
1574:Fictitious capital
1379:Conservative Party
1317:Alexander Hamilton
1116:post-war consensus
1057:essential services
1035:influence through
959:private enterprise
677:Material balancing
159:Buddhist economics
9501:Welfare economics
9453:
9452:
9346:Anarcho-communism
9217:Spontaneous order
9212:Social alienation
9169:Economic mobility
8856:Economic planning
8753:
8752:
8626:Socialist parties
8607:
8606:
8510:Ram Manohar Lohia
8450:Gaetano Salvemini
8245:Mikhail Gorbachev
7956:Antonie Pannekoek
7585:Equal opportunity
7580:Economic planning
7313:
7312:
7202:African-Caribbean
7190:Regional variants
6922:Council communism
6790:Saint-Simonianism
6490:978-0-8659-7631-3
6462:978-0-8659-7631-3
6211:978-1-137-52312-9
6184:978-0-631-12985-1
6119:978-87-7681-550-9
5909:What Next Journal
5896:Nove, Alexander.
5799:. 31 January 2022
5757:Quadragesimo Anno
5739:978-3-639-23383-4
5707:978-1-108-49462-5
5630:978-1-349-25888-8
5600:978-1-4008-6052-4
5565:978-1-337-51764-5
5538:978-0-205-11384-2
5494:978-0-8179-5153-5
5468:978-0-7453-1965-0
5441:978-0-415-17458-9
5414:978-1-4128-4471-0
5387:978-0-7044-0748-0
5360:978-1-351-47905-9
5307:978-0-7425-6834-1
5280:978-0-691-18970-3
5253:978-1-134-81827-3
5226:978-1-135-97008-6
4968:on 27 August 2015
4691:command economies
4657:Sources and notes
4615:Political economy
4528:Capitalism portal
4472:the servile state
4365:Charles de Gaulle
4352:Goulash Communism
4260:practiced by the
4236:, a standardized
4232:, maintenance of
4136:Russian Civil War
4108:
4107:
3900:Communist society
3872:Socialist parties
3131:Saint-Simonianism
2720:Equal opportunity
2710:Economic planning
2647:French Revolution
2516:Evangelii gaudium
2479:
2478:
2298:Spontaneous order
2268:History of theory
1911:New institutional
1881:Market monetarism
1816:Economic theories
1649:Supply and demand
1584:Free price system
1447:private ownership
1433:planned economies
1355:industrialization
1286:medieval communes
1273:Abbasid Caliphate
1167:4th millennium BC
1128:economic planning
1015:private ownership
996:socialist economy
963:public enterprise
912:social liberalism
865:
864:
375:By regional model
169:Sabbath economics
9513:
9496:Social democracy
9481:Market socialism
9476:Economic systems
9436:Social anarchism
9411:Market socialism
9406:Market anarchism
9312:Critique of work
9202:Private property
9164:Economic freedom
9159:Decentralization
9137:Cultural aspects
9098:Regulated market
8876:Financial crisis
8861:Entrepreneurship
8780:
8773:
8766:
8757:
8756:
8743:
8742:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8719:
8718:
8705:
8704:
8693:
8692:
8594:Yanis Varoufakis
8547:
8460:Jean-Paul Sartre
8445:Bertrand Russell
8420:Sylvia Pankhurst
8405:Jawaharlal Nehru
8275:Dolores Ibárruri
8240:Einar Gerhardsen
8220:Alexander DubÄŤek
8170:Nikolai Bukharin
8080:Salvador Allende
8068:
8051:Wilhelm Weitling
8036:Suzanne Voilquin
8021:William Thompson
8011:Lysander Spooner
7971:Georgi Plekhanov
7961:Giovanni Pascoli
7926:Errico Malatesta
7921:Helen Macfarlane
7866:Alexander Herzen
7841:Friedrich Engels
7836:Prosper Enfantin
7831:W. E. B. Du Bois
7801:Edward Carpenter
7761:Eduard Bernstein
7724:
7707:Sylvain Maréchal
7685:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7620:Public ownership
7570:Direct democracy
7555:Common ownership
7519:Workers' council
7504:State capitalism
7419:Internationalism
7352:Critique of work
7332:Anti-revisionism
7014:Marxism–Leninism
6848:Left-wing market
6805:
6804:
6765:Social democracy
6648:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6615:
6614:
6543:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6518:
6512:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6448:
6442:
6429:
6423:
6404:
6398:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6325:
6319:
6312:
6303:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6168:
6162:
6149:
6143:
6128:
6122:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6019:
6013:
6011:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5954:
5948:
5931:
5925:
5918:
5912:
5894:
5888:
5877:
5871:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5774:
5768:
5752:
5746:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5614:
5605:
5604:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5098:
5092:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5054:
5048:
5034:
5028:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4964:. Archived from
4954:
4948:
4947:
4935:
4929:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4887:
4881:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4759:
4750:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4704:
4698:
4695:market mechanism
4679:
4673:
4666:
4590:Market socialism
4570:Crony capitalism
4558:
4553:
4552:
4544:
4542:Economics portal
4539:
4538:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4516:
4514:Socialism portal
4511:
4510:
4482:orthodox Marxist
4455:Ludwig von Mises
4422:central planning
4395:renewable energy
4319:state capitalism
4311:public ownership
4262:Nordic countries
4208:private property
4176:Marxist–Leninist
4117:Eduard Bernstein
4100:
4093:
4086:
4072:Organized Labour
4070:
4069:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4041:
4040:
3985:Workers' council
3622:Gracchi Brothers
3146:Social democracy
2889:Market socialism
2877:Project Cybersyn
2805:Soviet democracy
2790:Social ownership
2745:Internationalism
2725:Free association
2695:Common ownership
2611:
2588:
2587:
2485:has argued that
2483:David Hollenbach
2471:
2464:
2457:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2233:Critique of work
2208:Capitalist state
1891:Critique of work
1774:Regulated market
1676:Economic systems
1629:Private property
1579:Financial market
1569:Entrepreneurship
1564:Economic surplus
1477:
1476:
1451:public ownership
1429:market economies
1401:Andrew Shonfield
1397:Anthony Crosland
1375:Harold Macmillan
1367:Great Depression
1363:1929 stock crash
1282:collapse of Rome
1255:Byzantine Empire
1229:, pre-Columbian
1173:civilization in
1120:public ownership
1112:social democrats
924:social democracy
916:state capitalism
857:
850:
843:
827:
826:
585:Municipalization
570:Financialization
540:Collectivization
522:Social ownership
512:Private property
506:Common ownership
464:Common ownership
278:Closed (autarky)
235:State capitalism
213:Socialist market
198:Market socialist
34:Economic systems
21:
20:
9521:
9520:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9431:Sharing economy
9421:Post-capitalism
9391:Green anarchism
9330:
9297:Anti-capitalism
9284:
9220:
9131:
9123:State-sponsored
8980:
8956:Property rights
8931:Nationalization
8841:Economic bubble
8799:
8789:
8784:
8754:
8749:
8737:
8727:
8725:
8713:
8681:
8630:
8603:
8539:
8465:Arthur Scargill
8435:Pierre Renaudel
8255:Antonio Gramsci
8235:Muammar Gaddafi
8230:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
8225:Albert Einstein
8165:Aristide Briand
8155:Murray Bookchin
8150:Grace Lee Boggs
8135:Walter Benjamin
8105:Chiang Kai-shek
8085:InejirĹŤ Asanuma
8060:
8031:Benjamin Tucker
7891:Peter Kropotkin
7871:Thomas Hodgskin
7846:Charles Fourier
7826:Théodore Dézamy
7776:Philippe Buchez
7736:Mikhail Bakunin
7716:
7692:Gracchus Babeuf
7677:
7644:
7625:Social dividend
7523:
7499:Socialist state
7464:Post-capitalism
7459:Planned economy
7454:Nationalization
7319:
7309:
7185:
7140:
6975:
6967:
6865:Insurrectionary
6811:
6803:
6669:
6662:
6649:
6644:
6642:
6598:
6593:
6551:
6549:Further reading
6546:
6532:
6530:
6519:
6515:
6506:
6502:
6491:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6449:
6445:
6439:Wayback Machine
6430:
6426:
6416:Wayback Machine
6405:
6401:
6395:Wayback Machine
6386:
6382:
6372:
6370:
6355:
6351:
6340:
6326:
6322:
6313:
6306:
6223:
6219:
6212:
6196:
6192:
6185:
6169:
6165:
6159:Wayback Machine
6150:
6146:
6129:
6125:
6108:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6086:Wayback Machine
6077:
6073:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6020:
6016:
6005:
6000:
5996:
5986:
5981:
5977:
5963:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5941:Wayback Machine
5932:
5928:
5919:
5915:
5906:Wayback Machine
5895:
5891:
5878:
5874:
5868:Wayback Machine
5857:
5853:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5802:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5775:
5771:
5765:Wayback Machine
5753:
5749:
5731:Wayback Machine
5719:
5715:
5708:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5667:
5663:
5656:
5642:
5638:
5631:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5585:
5581:
5566:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5523:
5519:
5506:
5502:
5495:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5453:
5449:
5442:
5431:Weber and Islam
5426:
5422:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5292:
5288:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5186:
5182:
5171:
5157:
5153:
5142:
5128:
5124:
5113:
5099:
5095:
5086:
5082:
5071:
5055:
5051:
5045:Wayback Machine
5035:
5031:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4988:"Mixed economy"
4986:
4985:
4981:
4971:
4969:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4936:
4932:
4922:Wayback Machine
4915:"Laissez-faire"
4913:
4909:
4902:
4888:
4884:
4878:New Left Review
4870:Wayback Machine
4860:
4853:
4842:
4828:
4824:
4817:
4790:
4786:
4772:
4770:
4764:"Mixed Economy"
4760:
4753:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4705:
4701:
4680:
4676:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4610:Planned economy
4565:Anti-capitalism
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4502:
4434:
4399:electrical grid
4347:
4307:
4291:economic growth
4269:American School
4225:
4220:
4104:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4035:
4028:
4027:
3998:
3990:
3989:
3980:Socialist state
3975:Socialist Party
3920:Economic system
3885:
3877:
3876:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3189:
3181:
3180:
2996:Democratic road
2931:
2921:
2920:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2785:Social dividend
2775:Sharing economy
2675:
2667:
2666:
2637:
2629:
2586:
2552:
2533:state socialism
2505:has criticised
2475:
2435:
2423:
2416:
2415:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2288:Post-capitalism
2193:Anti-capitalism
2188:
2180:
2179:
2075:
2067:
2066:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1799:State-sponsored
1677:
1669:
1668:
1534:Capital markets
1499:
1475:
1467:command economy
1425:
1409:post-war period
1365:and subsequent
1309:American System
1290:Murray Bookchin
1215:Southern France
1158:
1148:in the market.
1146:public policies
1136:
1100:social liberals
1081:property rights
947:planned economy
939:economic system
861:
821:
814:
813:
779:Post-industrial
774:Post-capitalist
734:Hunter-gatherer
719:
711:
710:
625:
617:
616:
595:Nationalization
555:Demutualization
550:Corporatization
535:
527:
526:
517:State ownership
492:
484:
483:
459:
451:
450:
376:
368:
367:
338:Robinson Crusoe
273:
272:By coordination
265:
264:
249:Traditionalist
109:Neomercantilist
69:
61:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9519:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9451:
9450:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9336:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9292:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9226:
9225:Social aspects
9222:
9221:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9149:American Dream
9146:
9141:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8911:Market failure
8908:
8906:Market economy
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8866:Ecopreneurship
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8821:Centralization
8818:
8816:Business cycle
8813:
8807:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8783:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8760:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8735:
8723:
8711:
8699:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8617:
8615:
8609:
8608:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8554:Pedro Castillo
8550:
8548:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8495:E. P. Thompson
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8455:Bernie Sanders
8452:
8447:
8442:
8440:B. T. Ranadive
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8375:Adrien Marquet
8372:
8367:
8365:Nelson Mandela
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8345:Rosa Luxemburg
8342:
8337:
8335:Vladimir Lenin
8332:
8327:
8325:Henri Lefebvre
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8290:Russell Jacoby
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8270:Saddam Hussein
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8210:Eugene V. Debs
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8160:Bertolt Brecht
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8120:Henri Barbusse
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8095:Clement Attlee
8092:
8090:Hafez al-Assad
8087:
8082:
8077:
8071:
8069:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8016:Fred M. Taylor
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7946:William Morris
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7811:James Connolly
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7756:Edward Bellamy
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7697:Victor d'Hupay
7694:
7688:
7686:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7605:Labour voucher
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7372:Egalitarianism
7369:
7364:
7359:
7357:Class struggle
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7323:
7321:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7285:
7283:In one country
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7224:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7156:
7150:
7148:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7011:
7001:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6983:
6981:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6917:Left communism
6909:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6835:
6830:
6819:
6817:
6802:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6664:
6663:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6641:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6597:
6596:External links
6594:
6592:
6591:
6584:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6513:
6500:
6489:
6471:
6461:
6443:
6424:
6399:
6380:
6349:
6339:978-0262182348
6338:
6320:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6286:
6274:
6258:
6240:
6217:
6210:
6190:
6183:
6163:
6144:
6123:
6102:
6090:
6071:
6060:Weisskopf 1992
6052:
6033:
6014:
5994:
5975:
5949:
5926:
5913:
5889:
5887:(25): 987–992.
5872:
5851:
5836:
5810:
5784:
5769:
5747:
5713:
5706:
5686:
5679:
5661:
5654:
5636:
5629:
5606:
5599:
5579:
5564:
5544:
5537:
5517:
5500:
5493:
5474:
5467:
5447:
5440:
5420:
5413:
5393:
5386:
5366:
5359:
5339:
5332:
5313:
5306:
5286:
5279:
5259:
5252:
5232:
5225:
5205:
5198:
5180:
5170:978-0415608794
5169:
5151:
5141:978-0415608794
5140:
5122:
5111:
5093:
5080:
5070:978-0415187138
5069:
5049:
5029:
5004:
4992:Britannica.com
4979:
4949:
4930:
4907:
4901:978-0713413724
4900:
4882:
4851:
4841:978-0415608794
4840:
4822:
4816:978-1582437170
4815:
4784:
4751:
4738:
4724:
4699:
4674:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4585:Market failure
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4545:
4531:
4517:
4501:
4498:
4468:Hilaire Belloc
4433:
4430:
4383:climate change
4379:Green New Deal
4346:
4343:
4306:
4303:
4299:European Union
4256:, such as the
4254:welfare states
4246:antitrust laws
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4204:factor markets
4140:Vladimir Lenin
4134:Following the
4113:Alexander Nove
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:Libertarianism
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:Related topics
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Labour voucher
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2585:
2582:
2570:private sector
2565:third position
2551:
2548:
2543:noblese oblige
2499:economic power
2481:Jesuit author
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Ordoliberalism
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Market economy
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:Related topics
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:State monopoly
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Liberalization
1611:
1606:
1604:Invisible hand
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:Businessperson
1516:
1514:Business cycle
1511:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1474:
1471:
1463:market economy
1442:economic model
1424:
1421:
1388:The Middle Way
1383:Reconstruction
1343:infrastructure
1329:Daniel Webster
1325:John C Calhoun
1259:Ottoman Empire
1223:Pierre LĂ©vĂŞque
1195:Roman Republic
1157:
1154:
1135:
1132:
943:market economy
930:, and China's
898:that seeks to
863:
862:
860:
859:
852:
845:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
816:
815:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Resource-based
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
686:
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
654:
653:
652:
647:
642:
632:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
575:Liberalization
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
499:
493:
491:Property types
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
447:
446:
440:Latin America
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
403:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
261:
260:
255:
247:
242:
237:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
180:
179:
178:
173:
172:
171:
161:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
76:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9518:
9507:
9506:Welfare state
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9381:Eco-socialism
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9333:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9287:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9256:Labour supply
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9223:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9174:Individualism
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9138:
9134:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9032:Laissez-faire
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8996:Authoritarian
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8946:Privatization
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8916:Merchantilism
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8886:Globalization
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8788:
8781:
8776:
8774:
8769:
8767:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8734:
8724:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8700:
8698:
8697:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8614:
8613:Organizations
8610:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8584:Lula da Silva
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8542:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8425:Fred Paterson
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8415:George Orwell
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:Salama Moussa
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8360:Nestor Makhno
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8340:György Lukács
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8330:Claude Lefort
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8265:Eric Hobsbawm
8263:
8261:
8260:Safdar Hashmi
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8195:Jeremy Corbyn
8193:
8191:
8190:G. D. H. Cole
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8110:Deng Xiaoping
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8063:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8046:Josiah Warren
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8026:Pyotr Tkachev
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7936:Louise Michel
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7916:Pierre Leroux
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7896:Paul Lafargue
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7796:Étienne Cabet
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7781:Georg BĂĽchner
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7746:Enrico Barone
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7680:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7514:Welfare state
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7449:Nanosocialism
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:Mixed economy
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7408:
7407:Impossibilism
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7377:Equal liberty
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7316:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7246:Eurocommunism
7244:
7243:
7242:
7239:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7114:
7113:Neo-Stalinism
7111:
7110:
7109:
7106:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7066:Khrushchevism
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6974:
6973:Authoritarian
6970:
6964:
6961:
6957:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6860:Individualist
6858:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6755:Revolutionary
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6639:
6634:
6632:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6602:Mixed economy
6600:
6599:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6541:
6528:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6504:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6428:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6403:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6384:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6341:
6335:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6311:
6309:
6300:
6299:0-252-06445-3
6296:
6292:
6287:
6284:
6283:0-674-36213-6
6280:
6275:
6272:
6271:0-684-83160-0
6268:
6264:
6259:
6256:
6255:0-684-83160-0
6252:
6248:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6237:0-275-93316-4
6234:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6213:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6167:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6140:0-415-24161-8
6137:
6133:
6127:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6109:Lahti, Arto.
6106:
6099:
6094:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6075:
6067:
6061:
6056:
6048:
6042:
6037:
6029:
6023:
6018:
6009:
6004:, p. 827
6003:
5998:
5990:
5984:
5979:
5972:
5959:
5953:
5946:
5945:Alpha History
5942:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5923:
5917:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5847:
5840:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5690:
5682:
5680:0-8371-9586-1
5676:
5672:
5665:
5657:
5655:0-04-323014-8
5651:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5613:
5611:
5602:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5548:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5512:
5504:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5470:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5362:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5335:
5333:9780521087100
5329:
5325:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5290:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5199:1-85196-214-X
5195:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5114:
5112:0-415-24187-1
5108:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5084:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5053:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5033:
5026:
5025:9780415187138
5022:
5019:. Routledge.
5018:
5014:
5008:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4946:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4911:
4903:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4793:Mander, Jerry
4788:
4781:
4769:
4765:
4762:Young, Greg.
4758:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4727:
4725:9780195551273
4721:
4716:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4687:Mixed economy
4684:
4678:
4671:
4668:Gorman, Tom.
4665:
4661:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Social credit
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4537:
4532:
4529:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:capital goods
4456:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4426:laissez-faire
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4282:national bank
4279:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4200:welfare state
4197:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4180:public sector
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4152:war communism
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4061:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Related lists
4001:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:Progressivism
3958:
3956:
3955:Nanosocialism
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:Organizations
3856:
3855:
3848:
3847:Ocasio-Cortez
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:van der Lubbe
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Chernyshevsky
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:Intellectuals
3185:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Revolutionary
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Laissez-faire
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Authoritarian
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Strike action
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Equal liberty
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2507:neoliberalism
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Neoliberalism
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Authoritarian
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:Globalization
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Crisis theory
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:Intellectuals
2071:
2070:
2063:
2062:Technological
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Institutional
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1713:Laissez-faire
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Authoritarian
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Surplus value
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Privatization
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1417:laissez-faire
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1338:laissez-faire
1334:
1333:protectionism
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:Mediterranean
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Ancient China
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:Ancient Egypt
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Ancient Greek
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1162:mixed economy
1153:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:welfare state
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:conservatives
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:laissez-faire
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:boom and bust
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:macroeconomic
1030:
1029:
1028:laissez-faire
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:neoliberalism
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:laissez faire
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
869:mixed economy
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
838:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
819:
818:
817:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:Post-scarcity
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
729:Expeditionary
727:
725:
722:
721:
715:
714:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
655:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
620:
611:
608:
607:
606:
605:Socialization
603:
601:
600:Privatization
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Mutualization
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Marketization
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
565:Expropriation
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Communization
543:
541:
538:
537:
531:
530:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
507:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
488:
487:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
455:
454:
445:
442:
441:
439:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
379:
378:
372:
371:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
283:Decentralized
281:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Social credit
238:
236:
233:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
208:Participatory
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
125:
122:
120:
119:Social market
117:
115:
114:Protectionist
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
94:Laissez-faire
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
65:
64:
58:
55:
53:
50:
48:
45:
44:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
9327:Wage slavery
9281:Unemployment
9261:Productivity
9192:Philanthropy
9053:Mercantilist
9030:
9001:Conservative
8836:Deregulation
8797:perspectives
8795:Aspects and
8706:
8694:
8525:Clara Zetkin
8505:Leon Trotsky
8500:Ernst Toller
8490:R. H. Tawney
8430:Karl Polanyi
8310:James Larkin
8180:Noam Chomsky
7906:Pyotr Lavrov
7886:Karl Kautsky
7881:Mother Jones
7861:Charles Hall
7851:Emma Goldman
7821:Claire DĂ©mar
7751:August Bebel
7545:Basic income
7438:
7053:
6929:Luxemburgism
6880:Neozapatismo
6828:Collectivist
6678:21st century
6605:
6587:
6580:
6576:
6563:
6556:
6538:
6531:. Retrieved
6526:
6516:
6508:
6503:
6494:
6480:
6474:
6466:
6452:
6446:
6427:
6407:
6402:
6383:
6371:. Retrieved
6366:
6362:
6352:
6343:
6329:
6323:
6315:
6290:
6262:
6244:
6228:
6220:
6200:
6193:
6173:
6166:
6147:
6131:
6126:
6110:
6105:
6093:
6074:
6055:
6041:Heywood 2012
6036:
6017:
5997:
5978:
5969:
5962:. Retrieved
5952:
5944:
5929:
5921:
5916:
5908:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5854:
5845:
5839:
5827:. Retrieved
5823:The Guardian
5822:
5813:
5801:. Retrieved
5797:Vatican News
5796:
5787:
5778:
5772:
5756:
5750:
5722:
5716:
5696:
5689:
5670:
5664:
5645:
5639:
5619:
5589:
5582:
5554:
5547:
5527:
5520:
5510:
5503:
5483:
5477:
5457:
5450:
5430:
5423:
5403:
5396:
5376:
5369:
5349:
5342:
5322:
5316:
5297:Ancient Rome
5296:
5289:
5269:
5262:
5242:
5235:
5215:
5208:
5189:
5183:
5174:
5160:
5154:
5145:
5131:
5125:
5116:
5102:
5096:
5088:
5083:
5074:
5059:
5052:
5032:
5016:
5012:
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4991:
4982:
4970:. Retrieved
4966:the original
4961:
4952:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4925:
4910:
4891:
4885:
4877:
4873:
4845:
4831:
4825:
4803:Counterpoint
4797:
4787:
4778:
4771:. Retrieved
4767:
4746:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4713:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4669:
4664:
4580:Distributism
4486:law of value
4476:
4450:Human Action
4448:
4446:
4435:
4418:John Quiggin
4410:centre-right
4403:
4391:carbon price
4377:
4348:
4339:
4308:
4266:
4258:Nordic model
4240:system, and
4226:
4184:
4148:Soviet Union
4142:adopted the
4133:
4125:cooperatives
4109:
3016:Evolutionary
2936:21st-century
2730:Freed market
2574:World War II
2553:
2541:
2537:subsidiarity
2526:
2514:
2503:Pope Francis
2491:Pope Pius XI
2480:
2308:Wage slavery
2248:Evergreening
1959:Mercantilism
1906:Neoclassical
1734:Mercantilist
1711:
1644:Rent seeking
1609:Visible hand
1426:
1416:
1405:Labour Party
1393:R. H. Tawney
1386:
1382:
1351:agricultural
1347:Napoleon III
1336:
1306:
1263:
1243:Roman Empire
1235:Ancient Peru
1231:Mesoamerican
1207:North Africa
1161:
1159:
1150:
1137:
1085:
1076:
1073:public lands
1049:unemployment
1026:
1008:
981:with strong
936:
928:Nordic model
908:Keynesianism
904:Soviet Union
885:
880:nationalized
868:
866:
694:Peer-to-peer
689:Self-managed
624:Coordination
560:Deregulation
317:
245:Distributist
99:Mercantilist
18:
9446:Syndicalism
9366:Communalism
9231:Corporatism
9207:Rule of law
9154:Consumerism
9144:Advertising
9043:Libertarian
9021:Free-market
8991:Anglo-Saxon
8971:Wage labour
8921:Meritocracy
8871:Externality
8826:Competition
8589:Evo Morales
8579:Kim Jong Un
8559:Hugo Chávez
8530:Howard Zinn
8520:Cornel West
8515:H. G. Wells
8485:Sun Yat-sen
8320:Jack Layton
8295:Kim Jong-il
8250:Maxim Gorky
8200:Marcel DĂ©at
8115:Jiang Zemin
8056:Oscar Wilde
7996:George Sand
7951:Robert Owen
7876:Jean Jaurès
7766:Louis Blanc
7673:Thomas More
7635:Technocracy
7509:Trade union
7479:Revisionism
7429:Land reform
7300:Third World
7227:Nationalist
7019:Brezhnevism
6992:Nechayevism
6934:Mao-Spontex
6900:Syndicalist
6890:Communalism
6885:Platformism
6838:Free-market
6809:Libertarian
6795:Technocracy
6745:Nationalist
6723:Syndicalism
6002:Miller 1998
4805:. pp.
4773:30 December
4731:12 November
4575:Corporatism
4406:centre-left
4047:WikiProject
3925:French Left
3717:Spiridonova
3616:Politicians
3529:Castoriadis
3209:Saint-Simon
3161:Third World
3156:Syndicalism
3091:Nationalist
3066:Libertarian
3031:Free-market
2894:Lange model
2882:Soviet-type
2852:Communalism
2824:Vanguardism
2780:Spontaneism
2690:Cooperative
2636:Development
2495:pluralistic
2391:Objectivism
2376:Libertarian
2293:Speculation
2213:Consumerism
2047:Progressive
1986:Development
1969:Physiocracy
1916:Supply-side
1724:Libertarian
1702:Free-market
1682:Anglo-Saxon
1664:Wage labour
1619:Marginalism
1589:Free market
1544:Corporation
1385:(1933) and
1359:World War I
1175:city-states
1104:neoliberals
967:free-market
900:nationalize
799:Traditional
749:Manorialism
744:Information
718:Other types
704:Open access
667:Cybernetics
409:Anglo-Saxon
394:Singaporean
353:Underground
348:Subsistence
253:Corporatist
228:Syndicalist
188:Communalist
74:Associative
68:By ideology
41:Major types
9466:Capitalism
9460:Categories
9335:Antithesis
9266:Prosperity
9241:Employment
9188:Mainstream
9179:Liberalism
9103:Regulatory
9078:Neoliberal
9026:Humanistic
9011:Democratic
8966:Regulation
8831:Depression
8787:Capitalism
8696:Categories
8599:Xi Jinping
8535:J. Posadas
8215:John Dewey
8205:Guy Debord
8125:Jyoti Basu
8006:Eugène Sue
7320:and issues
7318:Key topics
7295:Sri Lankan
7268:Melanesian
7263:Indonesian
7212:Bolivarian
7134:Lassallism
7122:Tkachevism
7004:Bolshevism
6978:from above
6963:Third camp
6939:Trotskyism
6814:from below
6780:Icarianism
6775:Fourierism
6760:Scientific
6693:Democratic
6668:Schools of
6533:17 January
6373:9 February
6022:Jones 2001
5983:Adams 1993
5964:8 February
5743:VDM Verlag
5574:1100703755
4997:5 February
4972:30 October
4645:Tripartism
4556:Law portal
4438:capitalism
4416:economist
4414:Australian
4212:wage labor
4198:, and the
4166:adopted a
4018:Socialists
4013:By country
3895:Capitalism
3777:Mitterrand
3742:Gerhardsen
3687:Liebknecht
3672:Markievicz
3599:Varoufakis
3549:Fotopoulos
3219:Saint-Just
3214:Buonarroti
3199:Campanella
3136:Scientific
3071:Marhaenism
3026:Fourierism
3011:Ecological
2991:Democratic
2371:Liberalism
2356:Humanistic
2341:Democratic
2320:Ideologies
2155:Schumpeter
1901:Monetarist
1832:Chartalism
1779:Regulatory
1754:Neoliberal
1707:Humanistic
1490:Capitalism
1455:capitalism
1437:ideologies
1321:Henry Clay
1247:Diocletian
1241:, and the
1191:Phoenician
1108:socialists
1065:healthcare
987:capitalist
983:regulatory
892:deregulate
876:businesses
804:Transition
764:Plantation
672:Indicative
534:Transition
384:East Asian
155:Religious
131:Democratic
104:Neoliberal
89:Democratic
79:Capitalist
47:Capitalism
9491:Socialism
9441:Socialism
9416:Mutualism
9371:Communism
9341:Anarchism
9290:Criticism
9271:Syndicate
9006:Corporate
8961:Recession
8936:Oligopoly
8901:Invention
8647:Communism
8642:Anarchism
8569:Hu Jintao
8395:Imre Nagy
8185:M. N. Roy
8145:LĂ©on Blum
8140:Tony Benn
8075:Tariq Ali
7931:Karl Marx
7535:Adhocracy
7474:Reformism
7362:Democracy
7232:Chiangist
7222:Communist
7169:communism
7164:anarchism
7159:Christian
7146:Religious
7108:Stalinism
7034:Guevarism
7024:Castroism
6999:Blanquism
6875:Mutualism
6833:Communist
6823:Anarchism
6750:Reformist
6718:Labourism
6688:Communist
6646:Socialism
4640:Third Way
4478:Classical
4442:socialism
4432:Criticism
4361:Dirigisme
4331:Singapore
4187:Stalinist
3890:Anarchism
3812:Gorbachev
3662:Malatesta
3657:Bernstein
3434:Pankhurst
3414:Pannekoek
3404:Luxemburg
3359:Plekhanov
3334:Carpenter
3329:Kropotkin
3126:Ricardian
3116:Religious
3111:Reformism
3096:Nkrumaism
3086:Municipal
2986:Communism
2981:Christian
2966:Blanquism
2956:Anarchism
2899:Mutualism
2601:Socialism
2584:Socialism
2554:Although
2411:Third Way
2401:Privatism
2361:Inclusive
2346:Dirigisme
2140:von Mises
2027:Illiberal
2007:Corporate
2002:Community
1949:Feudalism
1859:Keynesian
1849:Classical
1692:Corporate
1504:Austerity
1459:socialism
1453:, toward
1302:Louis XIV
1278:feudalism
1160:The term
1061:education
992:reformist
975:socialism
769:Plutonomy
650:Regulated
479:Voluntary
405:European
258:Feudalism
203:Mutualist
193:Communist
183:Socialist
164:Christian
84:Corporate
57:Communism
52:Socialism
9068:National
9063:Monopoly
9016:Dirigist
8985:Ideology
8667:Old Left
8662:New Left
8635:See also
8564:Bob Crow
8100:Aung San
7528:Concepts
7305:Yugoslav
7241:European
7154:Buddhist
7061:Kadarism
7049:Husakism
7044:Hoxhaism
7029:Ceaușism
7009:Leninism
6987:Barracks
6949:Posadism
6944:Pabloism
6870:Magonism
6703:Feminist
6683:Agrarian
6435:Archived
6412:Archived
6391:Archived
6369:(4): 3–5
6155:Archived
6082:Archived
5937:Archived
5902:Archived
5864:Archived
5761:Archived
5727:Archived
5646:Equality
5176:markets.
5041:Archived
4918:Archived
4866:Archived
4847:markets.
4795:(2012).
4710:(2006).
4595:Monopoly
4500:See also
4470:called "
4280:, and a
4218:Typology
4008:Category
3747:Erlander
3707:Kerensky
3677:Connolly
3534:Thompson
3519:Bookchin
3509:Montseny
3459:Vanzetti
3424:Einstein
3394:Landauer
3299:Saltykov
3294:Lassalle
3254:Proudhon
3036:Gandhian
3021:Feminist
2971:Buddhist
2951:Agrarian
2929:Variants
2593:a series
2591:Part of
2578:New Deal
2501:widely.
2238:Cronyism
2150:Rothbard
2125:Marshall
2110:Friedman
2042:Merchant
1997:Consumer
1992:Advanced
1827:Austrian
1822:American
1749:National
1744:Monopoly
1697:Dirigist
1599:Investor
1509:Business
1498:Concepts
1482:a series
1480:Part of
1177:such as
1134:Overview
1096:liberals
1047:cycles,
1041:monetary
657:Planning
308:Informal
293:Dirigist
146:Georgist
141:Feminist
26:a series
24:Part of
9322:Marxism
9184:Liberty
9128:Welfare
9088:Private
9038:Liberal
8804:General
8480:Sukarno
8380:Mao Dun
7273:Mexican
7258:Israeli
7217:Chinese
7197:African
7176:Islamic
7076:Dengism
6785:Owenism
6770:Utopian
6740:Marxian
6730:Liberal
6698:Ethical
6670:thought
6660:Outline
6656:History
5829:1 March
5803:1 March
4945:market.
4807:213–217
4335:Vietnam
4295:Germany
4238:welfare
4146:in the
3842:Sánchez
3827:Sankara
3787:Mandela
3772:Kreisky
3762:Allende
3757:Senghor
3752:Douglas
3737:Durruti
3702:Trotsky
3594:Graeber
3574:Hampton
3544:Chomsky
3489:Marcuse
3474:Gramsci
3464:Bordiga
3454:Polanyi
3409:Russell
3399:Berkman
3389:Goldman
3379:Du Bois
3349:Kautsky
3344:Bellamy
3309:Tolstoy
3284:Wallace
3269:Bakunin
3259:Greeley
3249:Blanqui
3229:Fourier
3176:Zionist
3166:Utopian
3106:Popular
3101:Owenism
3081:Marxism
3061:Liberal
3046:Islamic
3006:Ethical
3001:Digital
2976:Chinese
2941:African
2625:Outline
2620:History
2556:fascism
2550:Fascism
2366:Liberal
2326:Anarcho
2263:History
2095:Malthus
2090:Ricardo
2052:Rentier
2037:Marxist
2017:Finance
1928:Origins
1896:Marxist
1844:Chicago
1804:Welfare
1764:Private
1719:Liberal
1539:Company
1524:Capital
1461:, or a
1169:in the
1156:History
1106:), and
951:markets
920:fascism
873:private
699:Sharing
662:In kind
610:Marxist
502:Commons
469:Private
458:Sectors
429:Rhenish
399:Keralan
389:Chinese
363:Virtual
343:Sharing
333:Planned
323:Natural
288:Digital
176:Islamic
136:Fascist
124:Welfare
9113:Social
9083:Nordic
9048:Market
8976:Wealth
8951:Profit
8410:Ne Win
8350:Lu Xun
7650:People
7278:Soviet
7253:Indian
7181:Jewish
7071:Maoism
6895:Social
6735:Market
6610:Online
6487:
6459:
6336:
6297:
6281:
6269:
6253:
6235:
6208:
6181:
6138:
6117:
5737:
5704:
5677:
5652:
5627:
5597:
5572:
5562:
5535:
5491:
5465:
5438:
5411:
5384:
5357:
5330:
5304:
5277:
5250:
5223:
5196:
5167:
5138:
5109:
5067:
5023:
4898:
4838:
4813:
4722:
4333:, and
4327:Norway
4210:, and
4127:, and
3837:Marcos
3832:Chávez
3822:Corbyn
3797:Manley
3792:DubÄŤek
3782:Nasser
3722:Makhno
3712:Attlee
3697:Martov
3682:Gandhi
3637:Babeuf
3627:Mazdak
3589:Hedges
3569:Ă–calan
3554:Newton
3514:Sartre
3504:Guérin
3499:Orwell
3449:Korsch
3444:Lukács
3429:Keller
3419:Rocker
3364:Ferrer
3319:Morris
3314:Michel
3289:Lavrov
3279:Engels
3264:Herzen
3239:Leroux
3171:Yellow
3076:Market
3051:Jewish
2846:Models
2165:Weaver
2160:Veblen
2135:Walras
2130:Pareto
2120:Keynes
2022:Global
1789:Social
1759:Nordic
1729:Market
1639:Profit
1399:, and
1341:, and
1327:, and
1253:, the
1245:after
1213:, and
1211:Iberia
1197:, the
1051:, and
1037:fiscal
926:, the
759:Palace
635:Market
630:Barter
474:Public
434:Soviet
419:Nordic
414:German
380:Asian
313:Market
9118:State
9108:Rhine
9058:Mixed
8544:21st
8065:20th
7721:19th
7682:18th
7658:16th
7129:State
7055:Juche
6855:Green
6713:Guild
6708:Green
4876:. In
4323:China
4244:with
4023:Songs
3997:Lists
3802:Palme
3652:Bebel
3642:Blanc
3604:Saito
3579:Žižek
3559:Wolff
3494:James
3479:Sacco
3469:Serge
3439:Volin
3384:Gorky
3374:Wells
3369:Dewey
3354:Wilde
3339:Sorel
3324:Jones
3234:Cabet
3204:Paine
3151:State
3141:Sewer
3041:Guild
2819:needs
2674:Ideas
2175:Coase
2170:Weber
2115:Hayek
2080:Smith
2012:Crony
1874:Post-
1794:State
1784:Rhine
1739:Mixed
1659:Value
1624:Money
961:with
957:, or
953:with
809:World
794:Token
684:Price
424:Dutch
318:Mixed
223:State
151:Green
7288:Real
7207:Arab
6535:2014
6485:ISBN
6457:ISBN
6375:2018
6334:ISBN
6295:ISBN
6279:ISBN
6267:ISBN
6251:ISBN
6233:ISBN
6206:ISBN
6179:ISBN
6136:ISBN
6115:ISBN
6066:help
6047:help
6028:help
6008:help
5989:help
5966:2018
5831:2022
5805:2022
5735:ISBN
5702:ISBN
5675:ISBN
5650:ISBN
5625:ISBN
5595:ISBN
5570:OCLC
5560:ISBN
5533:ISBN
5489:ISBN
5463:ISBN
5436:ISBN
5409:ISBN
5382:ISBN
5355:ISBN
5328:ISBN
5302:ISBN
5275:ISBN
5248:ISBN
5221:ISBN
5194:ISBN
5165:ISBN
5136:ISBN
5107:ISBN
5065:ISBN
5021:ISBN
4999:2022
4974:2021
4896:ISBN
4836:ISBN
4811:ISBN
4775:2021
4733:2018
4720:ISBN
4693:and
4488:and
4480:and
4440:and
4424:and
4408:and
4385:and
4267:The
3817:Lula
3732:Nagy
3727:Tito
3692:Blum
3667:Debs
3647:Hong
3632:Roux
3584:West
3539:Ward
3524:Zinn
3274:Marx
3224:Owen
3194:More
2946:Arab
2872:OGAS
2531:and
2145:Rand
2105:Marx
2085:Mill
2032:Late
1864:Neo-
1431:and
1307:The
1221:and
1183:Ebla
1181:and
1179:Uruk
1102:and
1039:and
878:and
645:Open
640:Free
328:Open
303:Gift
298:Dual
9093:Raw
9073:Neo
6604:at
4474:".
4447:In
3807:Che
3564:Ali
3484:Day
3244:Sue
2546:".
2381:Neo
2351:Eco
2100:Say
1869:New
1837:MMT
1769:Raw
1465:or
1457:or
1449:or
1094:),
9462::
8546:c.
8067:c.
7723:c.
7684:c.
7660:c.
6658:-
6581:30
6579:.
6525:.
6493:.
6465:.
6365:.
6361:.
6342:.
6307:^
5968:.
5943:.
5900:.
5885:12
5883:.
5862:.
5821:.
5795:.
5741:,
5733:.
5609:^
5568:.
5173:.
5144:.
5115:.
5073:.
5015:.
4990:.
4960:.
4924:.
4854:^
4844:.
4809:.
4801:.
4777:.
4766:.
4754:^
4453:,
4401:.
4329:,
4325:,
4301:.
4206:,
4194:,
4138:,
4123:,
2595:on
1484:on
1395:,
1335:,
1323:,
1315:,
1296:,
1261:.
1237:,
1233:,
1209:,
1067:,
1063:,
1006:.
949:,
934:.
922:,
918:,
914:,
910:,
867:A
28:on
8779:e
8772:t
8765:v
7415:"
7411:"
6980:)
6976:(
6816:)
6812:(
6637:e
6630:t
6623:v
6377:.
6367:6
6285:)
6273:)
6257:)
6239:)
6214:.
6187:.
6142:.
6121:.
6068:)
6049:)
6030:)
6010:)
5991:)
5833:.
5807:.
5710:.
5683:.
5658:.
5633:.
5603:.
5576:.
5541:.
5497:.
5471:.
5444:.
5417:.
5390:.
5363:.
5336:.
5310:.
5283:.
5256:.
5229:.
5202:.
5027:.
5017:8
5001:.
4976:.
4904:.
4819:.
4735:.
4697:.
4099:e
4092:t
4085:v
4049:)
4045:(
2817:/
2470:e
2463:t
2456:v
1110:(
1098:(
1090:(
856:e
849:t
842:v
508:)
504:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.