565:
476:
29:
548:, forcing Narseh to cede Armenia and Iberia to the Romans. Mirian quickly adapted to this change in political situation, and established close ties with Rome. This association was cemented by Mirian's conversion to Christianityโaccording to traditionโthrough the ministry of Nino, a Cappadocian nun. Nevertheless, as Ammianus Marcellinus recounts, Constantine's successor,
448:. This was of so high importance to Bahram II, that he allegedly himself went to Mtskheta in order to secure Mirian's position. He also sent one of his grandees named Mirvanoz (also a Mihranid) to the country in order to act as the guardian of Mirian, who was then merely aged seven. After Mirian's marriage with Abeshura (daughter of the previous Iberian ruler
581:, was hunting in the woods near his capital Mtskheta, the darkness fell upon the land and the king was totally blinded. The light did not resume until Mirian prayed to "Nino's God" for aid. Upon his arrival he requested the audience with Nino and converted to Christianity soon after. According to tradition, Mirian's second wife,
436:) secured the Iberian throne for Mirian, which laid the foundation for Mihranid rule in Iberia, which would last into the sixth century. Thus, the Chosroid dynasty of which Mirian became its first head, was a branch of the Mihranid princely family. The motive behind Bahram II's move was to strengthen Sasanian authority in the
588:
His conversion fostered the growth of the central royal government, which confiscated the pagan temple properties and gave them to the nobles and the church; the medieval
Georgian sources give evidence of how actively the monarchy and the nobility propagated Christianity and of the resistance they
576:
Mirian's conversion to
Christianity and adaptation of Iberia's state religion is accepted by scholars to have occurred either in 319 or 326, thus, making Georgia second kingdom after Armenia to have declared Christianity as a state religion. A legend has it that when Mirian, staunchly
618:
of Iberia. She died without issue when Mirian was 15 years old, in 292 according to
Toumanoff. With her death, "the kingship and queenship of the Pharnabazid kings came to an end in Iberia",โthe chronicler continues. Mirian subsequently remarried his second queen, Nana "from
593:
as well as the
Georgian annals report that, after their conversion, the Iberians requested clergy from the emperor Constantine, who responded vigorously and sent priests and holy relics to Iberia. The Georgian tradition then relates a story of the construction of a
507:
is obviously fictional. Mirian inherited a kingdom that had been ruling Iberia since the 4th century BC. Iberia, like the rest of the
Caucasus, was dominated by Iranian cultures and mixtures of the
383:
as in Mirian III are modern and were not used by the medieval
Georgian authors. Since two kings preceded him with that name, Mirian has been assigned the ordinal "III" in Georgian historiography.
463:
Other branches of the
Mihranid family were a few decades later established on other Caucasian thrones, one of them being in Gugark, and the other in the Armeno-Albania principality of
720:"The Feast of the Robe of our Lord, the Myrrh-streaming and Life-giving Pillar, Equals-to-the-Apostles King Mirian and Queen Nana, and Saints Sidonia and Abiatar (4th century)"
614:
The
Georgian sources speak of Mirian's two marriages. His first wife was Abeshura, daughter of the last Arsacid Iberian king who also traced his ancestry to the ancient
606:
shortly before his death. According to tradition, Mirian and his wife Nana were interred at the
Samtavro convent in Mtskheta, where their tombs are still shown.
722:
1616:
1068:
254:
According to the early medieval
Georgian annals and hagiography, Mirian was the first Christian king of Iberia, converted through the ministry of
1631:
1626:
1636:
1173:
491:
recount Mirian's reign in much details. While its information about Mirian's participationโas an Iranian client kingโin the Sasanid
569:
1178:
735:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1405:
1303:
1282:
1210:
1187:
1093:
1581:
670:แฅแแ แแแแแแ แฌแแแแแ แแแ แแ แกแแแจแแแแ. แขแคแแแแกแ, แแแแฅแขแ แแแแแแแแญแแแแ แแแฎ. โแจแ แแแโ, แแแฎแแแแแก แแ . โ 65. 1906. 139-แ แแแแ แแแก แจแแแแจแแแ.
1350:
1591:
1586:
1360:
1324:
544:
Mirian, as a Sasanian vassal, took part in Narseh's brief war against the Romans from 297 to 298. The war ended with a
1601:
1576:
1384:
1249:
1144:
1124:
1041:
1501:
1454:
1316:
The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
719:
50:
1083:
1314:
496:
225:
118:
515:, the Caucasus was part of the "Iranian Commonwealth", "a massive cross-cultural enterprise stretching from
1538:
779:
1397:
Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
1052:
396:
263:
499:
can be true, the claims of Mirian's being a pretender to the throne of Iran, his being in control of
452:), 40,000 Sasanian "select mounted warriors/cavalry" were subsequently stationed in eastern Iberia,
1621:
595:
275:
183:
1558:
1116:
80:
628:
545:
492:
311:
assigns to Mirian's reignโtaken to have lasted for 77 yearsโthe dates 268โ345, which Professor
159:
1418:(1959). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: The Formative Centuries (IVth-VIIIth)".
1198:
1510:
1374:
1268:
449:
289:
240:
70:
1641:
376:
320:
564:
460:. In western Iberia, 7,000 Sasanian cavalrymen were sent to Mtskheta to safeguard Mirian.
8:
1646:
1531:
699:
615:
524:
1490:
1482:
1443:
1435:
1370:
1062:
556:
and Meribanes of Iberia to secure their allegiance during the confrontation with Iran.
445:
129:
37:
1550:
1494:
1447:
1401:
1380:
1356:
1320:
1299:
1278:
1245:
1206:
1183:
1140:
1120:
1089:
1037:
590:
453:
340:
336:
295:
233:
209:
150:
730:
541:), he includes an unnamed king of Iberia as one of his vassals, most likely Mirian.
1546:
1474:
1427:
632:
624:
308:
248:
173:
155:
655:
1514:
1462:
1415:
1395:
1293:
1272:
1239:
1053:
Jefferson Sauter, Irakli Simonia, F. Richard Stephenson, Wayne Orchiston (2015).
771:
739:
726:
620:
512:
408:
392:
312:
102:
1203:
The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (2)
582:
549:
412:
404:
348:
271:
192:
143:
45:
1478:
1431:
1295:
Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Contexts
1570:
416:
380:
237:
1241:
The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy
516:
372:
316:
283:
267:
220:
1261:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337
1229:
Stausberg, Michael; Vevaina, Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw; Tessmann, Anna (2015).
508:
33:
1486:
1439:
1222:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D
599:
475:
259:
1055:
Historical Astronomy of the Caucasus: Sources from Georgia and Armenia
656:แ. แ. แฏแแแแจแแแแ โแกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแกแขแแ แแ แฃแซแแแแแก แแ แแแแแแ 985 แฌแ. แฅแ . แจ.โ
636:
603:
553:
426:
400:
1336:
1199:"Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy"
367:", the name of the ancient Iranian sun god. His name is rendered as
480:
441:
437:
255:
114:
801:
28:
520:
500:
464:
324:
168:
531:
457:
364:
229:
1057:. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. p. 114.
1034:
The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354-378) By Ammianus Marcellinus
578:
504:
279:
244:
411:. Mirian himself was also born in Iran and was originally a
1205:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 747โ778.
421:
1149:
1137:
The church history of Rufinus of Aquileia, books 10 and 11
939:
937:
935:
933:
908:
906:
904:
889:
315:
corrects to 284โ361. He is also known to the contemporary
754:
752:
403:
in northern Iran, traced its ancestry back to the ruling
1228:
883:
589:
encountered from the mountain folk. The Roman historian
930:
901:
552:, had to send in 360 embassies with costly presents to
749:
1014:
791:
789:
680:
678:
676:
503:
and Albania, and expansion of his activity as far as
968:
966:
964:
511:
religion. Indeed, according to the modern historian
1465:(1969). "Chronology of the early kings of Iberia".
949:
444:as an entrance to the important passes through the
1335:
1002:
978:
786:
673:
1085:The Concise Encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity
990:
961:
918:
813:
1568:
440:and utilize the position of the Iberian capital
1231:The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism
623:, daughter of Oligotos", who bore him two sonsโ
495:the Roman Empire, and territorial ambitions in
1244:. Princeton University Press. pp. 1โ448.
598:in Mtskheta at Mirian's behest and the king's
299:
213:
1379:(Second ed.). Indiana University Press.
1342:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History
1263:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1โ965.
568:The burials of King Mirian and Queen Nana at
559:
1617:Converts to Christianity from Zoroastrianism
1393:
1067:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
895:
871:
16:First Iberian king from the Chosroid dynasty
1267:
386:
1107:
1105:
247:306โ337). He was the founder of the royal
1461:
1414:
1171:
1155:
943:
863:
851:
835:
831:
770:
1348:
1081:
764:
704:Lives and legends of the Georgian saints
563:
474:
1277:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1196:
1179:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
1129:
1102:
718:Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria (2006),
714:
712:
1569:
1258:
1219:
1020:
884:Stausberg, Vevaina & Tessmann 2015
879:
875:
776:Studies in Christian Caucasian History
706:, pp. 13-39. London: Allen & Unwin
585:, preceded her husband in conversion.
1508:
1426:. Cambridge University Press: 1โ106.
1352:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
1237:
1082:McGuckin, John Anthony (2014-02-03).
996:
819:
695:
693:
266:he is credited with establishment of
1627:Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire
1519:Encyclopรฆdia Iranica, Online Edition
1473:. Cambridge University Press: 1โ33.
1400:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
1369:
1333:
1312:
1291:
1008:
984:
972:
955:
924:
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867:
847:
807:
795:
758:
709:
684:
359:, his name was also associated with
1337:"Georgia before the Mongols (2017)"
1182:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13:
1521:. Encyclopรฆdia Iranica Foundation.
1139:, p. 48. Oxford University Press,
690:
301:แฌแแแแแ แแแชแแฅแฃแแแแกแฌแแ แ แแแคแ แแแ แแแแ
14:
1658:
1637:Christians in the Sasanian Empire
1632:People of the RomanโSasanian Wars
1376:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1224:. University of California Press.
1344:. Oxford University Press: 1โ39.
1274:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
732:The Lives of the Georgian Saints
347:. The name is transliterated in
27:
1394:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
1075:
1046:
1026:
857:
841:
825:
536:
431:
1176:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
810:, p. 224, 225 (note 209).
746:. Retrieved on April 15, 2009.
649:
470:
1:
1233:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1197:Brunner, Christopher (1983).
642:
307:Traditional chronology after
94:
1612:3rd-century monarchs in Asia
1607:4th-century monarchs in Asia
1597:4th-century Christian saints
1036:, p. 215. Penguin Classics,
631:โand a daughter who married
7:
1582:Saints of Georgia (country)
1172:Aleksidze, Nikoloz (2018).
1113:Rewriting Caucasian History
1111:Thomson, Robert W. (1996),
780:Georgetown University Press
391:Mirian was a member of the
10:
1663:
1592:4th-century Iranian people
1587:3rd-century Iranian people
1165:
1135:Amidon, Philip R. (1997),
560:Conversion to Christianity
407:, the predecessors of the
397:Seven Great Houses of Iran
264:Christianization of Iberia
236:), contemporaneous to the
1555:
1536:
1528:
1479:10.1017/S0362152900010898
1432:10.1017/S0362152900008217
1349:Rayfield, Donald (2013).
1334:Rapp, Stephen H. (2017).
1313:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
1292:Rapp, Stephen H. (2003).
1088:. John Wiley & Sons.
1032:Hamilton, Walter (1986),
666:แแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแ แชแแแแแแ.
609:
300:
262:female missionary. After
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58:
44:
26:
21:
1602:4th-century Christianity
1577:Chosroid kings of Iberia
1238:Mayor, Adrienne (2009).
546:crushing Sasanian defeat
387:Background and accession
276:Georgian Orthodox Church
184:Georgian Orthodox Church
1553:as co-rulers, 345โ361)
1117:Oxford University Press
415:. In 284, the Sasanian
399:. The family, based at
330:
274:and is regarded by the
1509:Weber, Ursula (2016).
1269:Mikaberidze, Alexander
782:. pp. 83โ84, 377.
573:
484:
1502:registration required
1455:registration required
1259:Bowman, Alan (2005).
1220:Lenski, Noel (2002).
854:, pp. 83โ84, 377
567:
478:
290:Equal to the Apostles
241:Constantine the Great
1174:"Mirian (Meribanes)"
870:, pp. 243โ244;
850:, pp. 293โ295;
700:Lang, David Marshall
660:แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแกแขแแ แแ.
377:Ammianus Marcellinus
363:, meaning "given by
321:Ammianus Marcellinus
1371:Suny, Ronald Grigor
915:, pp. 243โ244.
761:, pp. 293โ295.
662:I. แฃแฃแซแแแแแกแ แฎแแแ.
616:Pharnabazid dynasty
525:Paikuli inscription
355:. According to the
1355:. Reaktion Books.
738:2008-06-14 at the
725:2012-03-06 at the
639:dynast of Gugark.
574:
554:Arsaces of Armenia
485:
483:in the 4th-century
446:Caucasus Mountains
163:Anonymous daughter
130:Samtavro Monastery
38:Samtavro Monastery
1565:
1564:
1556:Succeeded by
1407:978-1-84511-645-3
1305:978-2-87723-723-9
1284:978-1-4422-4146-6
1212:978-0-521-24693-4
1189:978-0-19-866277-8
1158:, pp. 21โ23.
1095:978-1-118-75933-2
896:Pourshariati 2008
872:Pourshariati 2008
489:Life of the Kings
454:Caucasian Albania
379:(XXI, 6, 8). The
323:and the medieval
270:as his kingdom's
203:
202:
36:of Mirian III at
1654:
1529:Preceded by
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1515:Yarshater, Ehsan
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1156:Toumanoff 1969
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1023:, p. 157.
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989:
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958:, p. 247.
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944:Toumanoff 1969
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874:, p. 44;
866:, p. 22;
864:Toumanoff 1969
856:
852:Toumanoff 1967
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836:Toumanoff 1969
832:Aleksidze 2018
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798:, p. 225.
785:
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664:แแแแงแแคแแแแแ I.
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218:) was a king (
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1039:
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1017:
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1010:
1005:
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987:, p. 29.
986:
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967:
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952:
946:, p. 22.
945:
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926:
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909:
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898:, p. 49.
897:
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93:
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81:Sauromaces II
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975:, p. 1.
951:
927:, p. 9.
920:
891:
859:
843:
838:, p. 21
827:
822:, p. 1.
815:
803:
775:
766:
743:
731:
703:
667:
663:
659:
651:
635:, the first
613:
587:
575:
543:
528:
517:Central Asia
488:
486:
462:
420:
390:
368:
360:
356:
352:
344:
339:form of the
334:
327:chronicles.
306:
287:
268:Christianity
253:
219:
205:
204:
160:Aspacures II
1642:270s births
1532:Aspacures I
1298:. Peeters.
1021:Lenski 2002
880:Bowman 2005
876:Lenski 2002
629:Varaz-Bakur
572:in Mtskheta
550:Constantius
509:Zoroastrian
493:war against
479:Map of the
471:Early reign
413:Zoroastrian
292:King Mirian
260:Cappadocian
71:Aspacures I
67:Predecessor
34:Sarcophagus
1647:361 deaths
1571:Categories
997:Weber 2016
820:Mayor 2009
658:. แขแแแ I.
643:References
600:pilgrimage
529:shahanshah
523:." In the
422:shahanshah
375:historian
319:historian
215:แแแ แแแ III
206:Mirian III
197:before 326
132:, Mtskheta
98: 277
22:Mirian III
1495:151472930
1448:151606969
1063:cite book
1009:Suny 1994
985:Rapp 2017
973:Rapp 2017
956:Rapp 2014
925:Rapp 2017
913:Rapp 2014
868:Rapp 2014
848:Rapp 2003
808:Rapp 2014
796:Rapp 2014
759:Rapp 2003
685:Rapp 2014
604:Jerusalem
596:cathedral
450:Aspacures
427:Bahram II
369:Meribanes
353:Mithranes
284:canonized
188:after 326
77:Successor
1511:"Narseh"
1487:27830864
1467:Traditio
1440:27830383
1420:Traditio
1373:(1994).
1271:(2015).
774:(1967).
736:Archived
723:Archived
702:(1956),
637:Mihranid
481:Caucasus
442:Mtskheta
438:Caucasus
343:name of
337:Georgian
325:Armenian
296:Georgian
210:Georgian
180:Religion
141:Abeshura
115:Mtskheta
1543:284โ361
1517:(ed.).
1166:Sources
668:แแแแ I.
591:Rufinus
527:of the
521:Balkans
519:to the
501:Colchis
497:Armenia
465:Gardman
371:by the
341:Iranian
282:and is
234:Georgia
169:Dynasty
62:284โ361
51:more...
1551:Salome
1547:Rev II
1545:(with
1493:
1485:
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1323:
1302:
1281:
1248:
1209:
1186:
1143:
1123:
1092:
1040:
621:Pontus
610:Family
532:Narseh
458:Gugark
365:Mithra
361:Mirdat
345:Mihrฤn
298::
288:Saint
230:Kartli
226:Iberia
212::
156:Rev II
138:Spouse
125:Burial
119:Iberia
100:or 258
1513:. In
1491:S2CID
1483:JSTOR
1444:S2CID
1436:JSTOR
729:, in
633:Peroz
579:pagan
505:Syria
373:Roman
349:Greek
317:Roman
280:saint
224:) of
151:Issue
59:Reign
1549:and
1402:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1279:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1069:link
1038:ISBN
627:and
583:Nana
487:The
456:and
331:Name
258:, a
256:Nino
221:mepe
144:Nana
109:Died
91:Born
1475:doi
1428:doi
625:Rev
602:to
401:Ray
351:as
304:).
286:as
278:as
228:or
1573::
1489:.
1481:.
1471:25
1469:.
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1061:{{
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