504:
520:
34:
488:
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737:
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57:
683:
50:
1148:
586:, in such a way that water from nearby elevated sources would flow through tubes and Terbal's hollow core towards its dome, and from there it would be flowed to another tube to flow elsewhere in the town. It is argued that it was not the only purpose of the structure, but it was also part of a temple of
578:
to survey activities during the implementation of the planned scheme of the new city of Gor and the plain. In fact, this grand scheme was centred in Terbal and continued the concentric and radiant pattern of the town, with traces of canals, paths, walls and field borders found up to 10 km
503:
419:) mentioned in these sources refer to which structure. Terbal was a 9 metres (30 ft) square structure with more than 30 metres (98 ft) high and spiral in design. It was the core of a stair-tower, and was compared by
519:
467:
358:
with the official buildings located at the centre of an inner circle 950 metres (3,120 ft) in radius. The tower-like structure of Terbal was located at the very centre of this circle. Together with
717:
487:
574:
introduced by
Ardashir I. It may have had practical military and civil uses as well, as the tower provided visual contact with some fortifications in the area, and/or may have been used as an
646:
435:). With the width of the destroyed stairs and outer walls added, its actual width is estimated to be about 20 metres (66 ft). The remaining structure is hollow, according to the
1052:
33:
1298:
736:
451:), who had examined the structure, it was "composed above the platform, of four stages ... Each stage is square and recedes from the preceding one by a space equal to
1243:
698:
662:
126:
1168:
360:
1022:
682:
571:
308:
Similar structures, i.e., staged tower with an outside ramp, have been recorded by ancient historians, including a tower mentioned by
1136:
1114:
256:(modern Firuzabad, Iran). Several theories have been proposed for its purpose. Only the core of the structure remains today.
1086:
837:
447:(1907) had described it as a tower of a square ground plan with a spiral outer ramp. According to Dieulafoy (in his
1344:
1374:
1339:
377:, these two structures may have been confused in medieval Islamic sources, and it is unclear that the names
1369:
1129:
582:
According to a newer study, the structure, as also described in medieval sources, may have functioned as a
1364:
1329:
1303:
1278:
1273:
1334:
1293:
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It is hypothesised that the structure may have been part of a government building and symbolised the
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1053:"Travel Tips: Thanks-Giving Chapel's Islamic Design a Visual, Spiritual Gem in Downtown Dallas"
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studies of the structure, Terbal was mistakenly thought to be a descendant of the
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253:
249:
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105:
101:
89:
1253:
1213:
825:
629:
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Among
Western orientalists and travellers, the structure was first observed by
444:
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It is thought that the Terbal was the architectural predecessor of the unique
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931:, بهار و تابستان 1392 – شماره 19 علمی-پژوهشی (دانشگاه آزاد) (14 صص 107–120)
542:
494:
325:
1223:
1218:
1183:
779:
Gottheil, Richard J. H. (1910). "The Origin and
History of the Minaret".
583:
558:
524:
313:
163:
20 m (66 ft) if the ruined stairs and outer wall are considered
808:
420:
351:
184:
38:
The remaining core of the structure. The stairs and the dome are lost.
345:
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792:
554:
432:
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A drawing of the Minar with traces of the outer stairs apparent
289:
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was a staged, tower-like structure built in the center of the
830:
Collected works of Guy Le
Strange: the medieval Islamic world
428:
424:
363:, these are the only structures of the city that are made of
1147:
617:
592:
563:
529:
113:
567:) being put at its top to avoid contamination with dust.
527:, with the outer stairs reconstructed and the Holy Fire (
292:-language Islamic sources referred to the structure as
1081:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 334.
982:: بهار و تابستان 1392، دوره 9، شماره 19، صص 107–120.
1023:"Self-Guided Tour – Guide to Thanks-Giving Square"
945:von quadratischem Grundriß mit äußere Wendelrampe
727:in Dallas, Texas, built in 1976, inspired by the
632:'s design for the 1976 Chapel of Thanksgiving at
1316:
624:period. The minaret itself inspired that of the
923:مهرآفرین، رضا؛ خراشادی، سرور؛ جامه بزرگ، عباس؛
774:
772:
742:Post-modern mosque with a spiral minaret near
523:An 1889 artistic impression of the Minar as a
1130:
957:
921:
477:, who called the structure "the Fire temple (
410:
400:
382:
279:
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974:مهرآفرين رضا، خراشادي سرور، جامه بزرگ عباس،
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963:, کیهان فرهنگی, دی 1367, شماره 58, صص 26–27
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340:. These in turn may have been based on the
1137:
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1057:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
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781:Journal of the American Oriental Society
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518:
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1317:
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656:, the oldest surviving Muslim minaret.
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976:«اردشير خوره: تختگاه اردشير پاپکان»
925:«اردشیر خوره: تختگاه اردشیر پاپکان»
922:
889:Huff, Dietrich (15 December 1999).
832:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 45.
411:
401:
383:
298:
280:
270:
13:
14:
1386:
1098:
1003:(in Persian). دانشنامه جهان اسلام
579:distant from this central tower.
324:), several towers at Pirisabora (
1146:
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735:
716:
697:
681:
661:
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497:, which contains further details
486:
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32:
1070:
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1015:
968:
936:
628:in Cairo, Egypt, and recently
590:, the divinity of the Waters (
572:divine and centralist kingship
545:, who noted its uniqueness in
1:
1079:Philip Johnson: Life and Work
828:(2014). Kennedy, Hugh (ed.).
763:
557:, while some thought it is a
56:
1299:Zoroastrians Dakhmeh, Kerman
961:«طربال تداوم معماری زیگورات»
599:
16:Tower-like structure in Iran
7:
751:
427:(a reference to a Buddhist
316:(near the Sasanian capital
10:
1391:
1304:Zoroastrians Dakhmeh, Yazd
1279:Tehran International Tower
1274:Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower
723:Chapel of Thanksgiving at
652:The unique minaret of the
514:
264:The structure is known as
171:>30 m (98 ft)
1294:World Trade Center Tabriz
1159:
958:
708:, Egypt, inspired by the
620:, which was built in the
449:L'Art Antique de la Perse
354:'s new city of Gor had a
274:, literally "pillar") or
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43:
31:
24:
654:Great Mosque of Kairouan
441:Forsat-od-Dowleh Shirazi
423:to a similar edifice at
322:Lighthouse of Alexandria
320:; he compared it to the
25:
1077:Schulze, Franz (1996).
692:, also in Samarra, Iraq
674:Great Mosque of Samarra
614:Great Mosque of Samarra
260:Description and history
142:28.852861°N 52.532417°E
1345:National works of Iran
1239:Radkan Tower, Chenaran
1209:Gonbad-e Qabus (tower)
944:
744:Enghelab Sport Complex
561:, with the Holy Fire (
534:
1375:Sasanian architecture
1244:Radkan Tower, Kordkuy
522:
288:, while the medieval
161:9 m (30 ft)
78:Alternative name
1340:Fire temples in Iran
1289:Tomb of Haydar Amuli
1027:www.thanksgiving.org
896:Encyclopædia Iranica
863:Encyclopædia Iranica
856:(15 December 1986).
725:Thanks-Giving Square
634:Thanks-Giving Square
547:Iranian architecture
310:Ammianus Marcellinus
233:Architectural styles
147:28.852861; 52.532417
1370:Gor (Sasanian city)
1194:Chamran Grand Hotel
1109:Dehkhoda Dictionary
706:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
626:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
138: /
21:
1365:Reservoirs in Iran
1330:Observation towers
1234:Pars El-Gölü Hotel
1189:Bank Markazi Tower
758:The Wonderful Barn
535:
19:
1312:
1311:
1229:Minar (Firuzabad)
959:موسوی، سید احمد؛
576:observation tower
252:circular city of
242:
241:
94:Ardashir-Khwarrah
69:Shown within Iran
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1335:Minarets in Iran
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980:پيام باستان شناس
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929:پیام باستان شناس
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1199:Firuzabad Tower
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858:"ARDAŠĪR-ḴORRA"
854:Bosworth, C. E.
851:
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840:
826:Strange, Guy Le
823:
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793:10.2307/3087601
777:
770:
766:
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746:in Tehran, Iran
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704:Minaret of the
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517:
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481:) of Firuzabad"
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457:
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393:Gunbad-i Kīrmān
371:. According to
344:of the ancient
328:) mentioned by
262:
209:Sasanian Persia
162:
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81:Terbal, Minaret
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1214:Kashaneh Tower
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1169:Akhangan Tower
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1099:External links
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1033:on 26 May 2017
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787:(2): 132–154.
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608:(known as the
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551:Ernst Herzfeld
539:Eugène Flandin
516:
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475:Eugène Flandin
472:
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461:of the base".
445:Ernst Herzfeld
439:period writer
361:Takht-e Neshin
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638:Dallas, Texas
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417:Ibn al-Balkhi
408:
398:
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384:ایوان کیاخوره
380:
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357:
356:circular plan
353:
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104:(near modern
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51:
42:
35:
30:
23:
1360:Water towers
1259:Sepehr Tower
1249:Resket Tower
1228:
1204:Goldis Tower
1111:(in Persian)
1078:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:the original
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1000:
995:ارجح, اکرم.
979:
970:
953:
938:
928:
900:. Retrieved
894:
867:. Retrieved
861:
848:
829:
784:
780:
728:
709:
669:
609:
603:
591:
581:
569:
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543:Pascal Coste
536:
533:) at its top
528:
495:Pascal Coste
478:
448:
406:
396:
392:
378:
372:
350:
307:
302:
293:
275:
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245:
243:
228:Architecture
133:52°31′56.7″E
130:28°51′10.3″N
1254:Sa'at Tower
1224:Milad Tower
1219:Lajim Tower
1184:Azadi Tower
997:"جامع کبیر"
891:"FĪRŪZĀBĀD"
688:Minaret of
584:water tower
559:fire temple
549:. Prior to
525:fire temple
493:Drawing by
473:Drawing by
402:گنبد گیرمان
336:tower near
314:Nahar Malka
286:New Persian
145: /
121:Coordinates
1350:Ardashir I
1319:Categories
764:References
421:Ibn Hawqal
412:ایران گرده
352:Ardashir I
332:, and the
215:Site notes
185:Ardashir I
1001:rch.ac.ir
801:0003-0279
600:Influence
346:Near East
342:ziggurats
318:Ctesiphon
220:Condition
106:Firuzabad
752:See also
555:ziggurat
479:Ateshgah
433:ziggurat
389:Istakhri
367:-mortar-
334:Borsippa
326:al-Anbar
250:Sasanian
237:Sasanian
205:Cultures
197:-mortar-
191:Material
86:Location
1355:Anahita
1105:«طربال»
809:3087601
729:malwiya
710:malwiya
670:malwiya
622:Abbasid
610:malwiya
606:minaret
588:Anahita
515:Purpose
456:⁄
374:Iranica
369:masonry
365:granite
338:Babylon
330:Zosimus
312:at the
276:Minaret
199:masonry
195:granite
181:Builder
176:History
1085:
1062:21 May
1037:21 May
1007:21 May
902:21 May
869:21 May
836:
807:
799:
676:, Iraq
405:) and
397:Gīrmān
303:Ṭirbāl
294:Terbal
290:Arabic
223:ruined
168:Height
158:Length
805:JSTOR
672:) of
612:) of
437:Qajar
429:stupa
425:Balkh
299:طربال
284:) in
281:مناره
266:Minar
246:Minar
63:Minar
20:Minar
1083:ISBN
1064:2017
1039:2017
1009:2017
904:2017
871:2017
834:ISBN
797:ISSN
618:Iraq
593:aban
564:Atar
541:and
530:atar
395:(or
271:منار
244:The
114:Iran
98:Pars
26:منار
1107:in
789:doi
636:in
616:in
596:).
415:) (
391:),
387:) (
305:).
254:Gōr
90:Gōr
1321::
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