836:
1312:
1726:: Camels played a role in wars as a means of transporting war equipment, food, and a pot of water. Large numbers of camels would go out with the army, sometimes reaching a thousand. They were distributed among the Mamluks and the troops before leaving Egypt. Usually, each Mamluk would take two camels, and the non-Mamluk soldiers each two of them take three camels. Camels also participated in battles, and large drums were placed on them, and the “al-Dubandaria الدبنداريه” was beaten strongly during sieges or during battle, to influence the enemy morally and intimidate their horses and riders, because they were usually not trained or accustomed to hearing the beats of the drums. During the siege of Acre in the year 1291, al-Ashraf Khalil used 300 camels with drums mounted on their backs to terrorize the resistance inside
1713:: Horses, naturally, were very important to the army because they were the vehicles of the knights, and for this reason they cared about horses in Egypt. One of the tricks that the Egyptian army used in battles to fight the enemy’s horses was the drum, and the second trick was to release the horses’ spurs so that the males of the enemy’s horses would run after them and shake the lines of enemy knights. Egypt in the Mamluk era faced armies containing Crusader knights, Mongolian knights, and others. They were very skilled knights. They needed great training and preparations and had high-level horses. The Mamluk knights were superior, and one of their tactics was to besiege the enemy knights in a circle in order to eliminate them. Not all of Egypt's knights were Mamluks.
2058:
242:
1476:
785:
128:
66:
25:
2081:
1085:
1420:
1736:: Homing pigeons were also one of the animals of the Egyptian army. They were called “air mail (البريد الجوي)”. They would quickly transmit messages about the movements of enemy armies to the command centers and orders to the commanders, and good news of victory for the Egyptians inside Egypt. When the army was victorious, it would quickly send the pigeons to the
1730:. During peacetime, drums, trumpets, cymbals, and other things were kept in warehouses called “al-Tablakhana (الطبلخاناه)”, and a prince who supervised these instruments was called “Amir Alam (أمير علم)”. He was a prince from the Ishrat Order, and the one who supervised the warehouses was called “Muhtar al-Tablakhana (مهتار الطبلخاناه)”.
2838:
1497:, demanding the continuation of the siege and the absence of peace with the Crusaders. Sultan Khalil immediately agreed to their demands. Khalil bin Qalawun was famous for his love for the Egyptian soldiers in general and considering himself part of them, so he used to share holidays, food, and training with them.
1343:) were made up of Egyptians only, who were trained in their own camps. After completing their training, they were distributed among the Al-Ghozah brigades in the Egyptian army, and each of them receives a fixed salary from the army office. The salary of an Egyptian soldier in the Al-Ghozah during the era of Sultan
1719:
had high-level knights among them who participated in battles. The person in charge of the royal/sultanic stable was called “Amir Akhur (أمير آخور).” Saddles, bridles, and all the tools of the horses were kept in warehouses called “Bayt al-Rakab (بيت الركاب)” and the person in charge of it was called
1070:
was considered the striking force of the army and its soldiers occupied the first positions of honor in all the various official ceremonies, and their names were side by side with the names of the Emirs in the official ceremonies, especially the oath ceremony upon the Sultan’s accession to the throne
1395:
were made up of
Egyptians only, composed of the lowest of the general class and therefore of the lowest social classes in general. They are united by want and poverty, although some of them were owners of a craft or profession, or fled from rural areas due to the spread of diseases, poverty, hunger,
1624:
Emir Alaa el-Din came up with a smart plan, which was not to build ships in the Red Sea ports because they were under surveillance by the
Portuguese. He would build ships in Port Rosetta on the Mediterranean in complete secrecy, and he would make the ships easy to dismantle and assemble. He would
1740:
in Cairo, making the castle ring good news and people rejoice and decorate Cairo and wait for the return of the victorious
Egyptian army with prisoners. Al-Zahir Baybars was the first sultan to be interested in the topic of homing pigeons, and he built many stations in Egypt and the
2817:
1307:
Every Emir had a group of
Mamluks to accompany him on his departure and travel and to be with him on the battlefields. They were usually camped outside Cairo, and the number of Emirs’ soldiers was limited, as new Mamluks always replaced those who had become obsolete.
2746:
Lev, Yaacov (1990). "The
Fatimid Navy and the Crusades, 1099–1171". In H. Tzalas (ed.). Tropis II Proceedings. 2nd International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Delphi 1987. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. pp.
1411:, and some of them were distinguished by their steadfastness and strength due to the professions in which they worked, including workers, sewage cleaners, mud cleaners, and wrestlers. Therefore, the government realized the extent of the popular strength of the
815:
The entire army did not have an official census, but as a percentage and proportion, the
Egyptians were the vast majority of the army, and this is clear from the division of the army. If we were to suffice with comparing the Volunteer corps alone with all the
1637:
without any confrontation with the
Portuguese. In 1507, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was appointed commander of the Egyptian fleet heading to the port of Jeddah to fight the Portuguese. The ships built by him were able to defeat the Portuguese in the Naval
1612:
threatening Egypt, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri commissioned Emir Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam with a major mission, which was to build an
Egyptian naval arsenal capable of confronting the Portuguese. Alaa el-Din gave orders to build dozens of
1282:
were made up of
Egyptians only, and they were the ones to whom mobilization calls were directed before any war, and their number alone was often greater than the number of the entire army, according to the testimony of the historian
2567:
1220:, related to Baybars by marriage, is known to have attained this rank. There were between 113 and 300 leaders among those who sought asylum from Kitbughā in 1296. Their supreme leader, Ṭurghāy, received the rank of "emir of forty" (
1066:. Every thousand of them were supervised by one of the Emirs. He was required to be familiar with their homes and place of residence in order to gather them upon request. This Emir had no authority over them except during war. The
1557:
Every now and then, the entire
Egyptian fleet would be filled with men and weapons of all kinds, and the Egyptian fleet, raising the yellow Egyptian flag, would approach the coasts of the European countries on the
1415:
group and thus followed a balanced policy towards them, characterized by the use of the least possible means of violence, and taking advantage of them in military campaigns, civil wars, and internal strife.
835:
1010:(children of the Mamluks). On this basis, they were the army of the state that did not change with the change of the Sultan. They were usually present in camps on the borders of Cairo, and many camps in
1895:
832:, known as Shaqhab, was 200,000 soldiers, and the Mamluks at their maximum number did not complete 24,000 people, so the remaining 175,000 soldiers were Egyptians or the vast majority were Egyptians.
873:
was putting down a rebellion against him in Cairo and all of his Mamluks deserted him and fled. What remained beside him were the Egyptian soldiers who defended him and defeated the rebels in the
1396:
and epidemics. Thus, the individual among them moved to cities and urban areas in the hope of changing their situation. And when they were unable to achieve their goals, they resort to the
965:): These corps were the main component of the Royal Mamluks and sometimes refers to the term Royal Mamluks as a whole. It was also possible for a non-Mamluk to take command of it, such as
820:(the Volunteer corps, which was larger than the entire regular army, we would also say that the vast majority were Egyptians) the English traveler Sir John Mandeville mentioned in
869:
The native Egyptian element was known to be the most faithful and loyal element of the army, and this became clear in many situations, the most important of which was when Sultan
2592:
1204:
Baybars was purportedly frightened by the sudden influx of soldiers seeking asylum and sought to disperse ethnic Mongols throughout the army. He did allow some to join the elite
2979:
1311:
2944:
2856:
1633:
in the Hejaz, from which the Egyptian forces attacking the Portuguese would launch, this plan succeeded in surprising the Portuguese and the fleet was able to reach
1982:
in 1260. It was also able to liberate the Levant and its coast from the Crusaders and annex it, with the conquest of southern and central Anatolia, including the
1185:
were settled in the devastated parts of Syria and Palestine, while only their leaders were allowed to settle in Egypt. Another large influx of 10–18,000 Mongol
2074:
1130:(الوافدية) were troops of various ethnic backgrounds who came into the military service of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate in exchange for asylum. The term is a
877:
in late 1367. One of the most important policies of Sultan El-Ashraf Sha'ban was to increase the number of indigenous Egyptians in the regular military corps.
2974:
1941:
1562:, to display its strength and spread fear and panic in the hearts of the European population and the military garrisons in the southern European cities.
2061:
The Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate at its maximum extent and its areas of influences during the third region of al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun (r. 1310–1341)
1908:
38:
1978:
In the era of the Mamluk era, the Egyptian army was able to defeat the Mongols in the first fateful battle and stop the Mongol expanison after the
2035:
1926:
1582:
1348:
1400:
to escape from their failure to change their conditions. Among them were those who were notable and became poor, and found in the life of the
1604:
and to suffice with importing wood that did not exist in Egypt, and to build Egyptian ships with pure Egyptian hands in the Egyptian port of
1445:. They were the heroes of most of the wars of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate, and they were famous for their leadership and insistence on the
858:, Emir Salah al-Din Khalil bin Aram, Emir Alaa al-Din al-Tablawi, Emir Ahmad al-Taylouni bin al-Muhandis, Emir Fakhr al-Din Iyas al-Jarjawi,
2468:
1468:
brigades in Egypt's wars and also to stabilize their rule. The most famous of them were the sultans of the Qalawunid dynasty, to whom the
927:
The army was divided throughout the Mamluk era, or with different periods, so there were 9 categories that made up the army, which are:
1437:
were famous for their great courage and their bravery in battles since the Ayyubid era. They were among those who fought in the
1364:
1360:
1154:
2864:
2726:
2451:
2400:
44:
2959:
1404:
a means of escaping and forgetting their reality, such as Ibn al-Sahib Alam al-Din Ahmad bin Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Shukr.
1250:, both Oirats, had entered Egypt as slaves and risen through the Mamlūk ranks to the highest positions, whereas the Oirat
2969:
2964:
2223:
2954:
2949:
2711:
Public Violence in Islamic SocietiesPower, Discipline, and the Construction of the Public Sphere, 7th-19th Centuries CE
1246:) of the Mamlūks. This represented a complete inversion of their original statuses. The Sultan Kitbughā and the regent
563:
549:
539:
1347:
of Egypt was 20 dinars. The Al-Ghozah soldiers were the largest faction in the Egyptian army that participated in the
2761:
2645:
188:
170:
109:
52:
1678:
who were present in the camps of the Levant and Hejaz to maintain security and stabilize the Sultanate’s influence.
947:
with extra authority. They were under the direct authority of the Sultan and they were usually about 1,000 Mamluks.
91:
1596:
brought about a qualitative shift in the Egyptian Navy during the Mamluk era. It is mentioned that he asked Sultan
492:
1319:
The soldiers of the emirs were directly commanded by the emirs, but could be mobilized by the sultan when needed.
2093:
1999:
1458:
1165:, themselves mostly Turkic, regarded the Mongols as co-ethnics. Large numbers of Kurds and Khwarazmians fled the
829:
559:
137:
2057:
1629:
lands on large horse carriages, then reassembled them in the port of Suez and drove them himself to the port of
260:
If we live, we live happily, and if we get killed, we die as martyrs (فإن عشنا عشنا سعداء وإن قتلنا قتلنا شهداء)
1694:
1270:
Arab tribes that inhabited Egypt, and they were distinguished by their agility and speed of attack and flight.
1174:
76:
1114:
were made up of both Egyptians and Mamluks and were Summoned in times of war and some of them are part of the
1238:
and this led in part to his downfall. The Oirats remained politically important at the start of the reign of
1166:
1796:: Sultan of Egypt and the actual founder of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate as well as restructuring the army
1682:
577:
317:
148:
83:
2422:
1983:
1799:
544:
473:
1852:
1751:
2372:
2939:
1990:
during the reign of Baybars. This is in addition to defeating the Mongols in many battles, including
1889:
1759:
1597:
1438:
1423:
591:
896:
The Mamluk Army can be divided to two factions, which are the Egyptian Army and the Levantine Army.
843:
A lot of senior Egyptian commanders appeared in the army at that time, the most famous of whom were
1824:
1081:(أرباب الحرف) which was made up of Egyptians only and was similar to modern-day engineering corps.
760:
741:
722:
695:
675:
599:
519:
488:
217:
1071:
of the Sultanate, and were under the direct command of the sultan, there was a faction within the
2290:
1950:
1593:
1450:
885:
855:
821:
660:
478:
467:
87:
2718:
2393:
A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310-1341)
1868:
1586:
1352:
874:
847:
607:
582:
524:
141:
2706:
1608:, so Emir Alaa el-Din built an Egyptian fleet from scratch and on the latest models. With the
1995:
1912:
1820:
1254:
had entered Egypt as free men and been reduced to servile status within a generation or two.
863:
851:
789:
645:
613:
595:
509:
463:
2050:, Abbasid, Fatimid, and Crusaders states and attempting to assassinate the Sultan of Egypt,
241:
2043:
1991:
1922:
1834:
1830:
1578:
1574:
1486:
1479:
1446:
870:
859:
641:
622:
528:
504:
443:
1546:) was made up of Egyptian leaders and soldiers only, it was originally established in the
824:
that the Sultan was able to leave Egypt with 200,000 soldiers, and the Egyptian historian
152:
8:
1979:
1858:
1785:
1671:
1011:
966:
769:
750:
731:
704:
438:
349:
1585:
after the Cypriots stole the goods of the Egyptian merchant Ahmad bin el-Humaim. Rhodes
1441:, and they were the ones who carried out raids on the camps of the Crusaders during the
2373:"On the Brink of a New Era? Yalbughā al-Khāṣṣakī (d. 1366) and the Yalbughāwīyah" (PDF)
2161:
1803:
1764:
1601:
650:
499:
2860:
2757:
2722:
2641:
2447:
2396:
2379:. 15. Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago: 117–152. (p. 143).
2153:
2039:
1954:
1609:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1505:
1408:
1247:
1239:
572:
433:
389:
385:
1516:
stoned him in the streets of Cairo. Al-Nasir Mahammad became famous for relying on a
301:
2714:
2145:
1987:
1962:
1944:: Atabek al-Asakir during the reign of Sultan Qaitbay and defeated the Ottomans in
1903:
1814:: Founder of the Qalawuni dynasty and was the Atabek al-Asakir during the reign of
1698:
1494:
1194:
944:
779:
532:
310:
1169:
and took refuge in Egyptian Syria. This preceded the first major influx of Mongol
969:, who took command of it during the reign of Sultan al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun.
2868:
2823:
2441:
1781:
1639:
1442:
1430:
1284:
1131:
710:
683:
655:
631:
514:
289:
231:
2707:"From Revolutionary Violence to State Violence: the Fāṭimids (297–567/909–1171)"
2852:
2429:. Vol. 1. Translated by Ata, Mehmet. Milliyet yayınları. pp. 275–276.
2070:
2023:
2019:
1945:
1755:
1531:
1158:
617:
458:
2933:
2157:
2066:
2047:
1877:
1768:
1737:
1315:
Horsemen wheeling around, with a sword in each one's hand on the horse's back
881:
636:
453:
448:
1063:
2222:
Lower, Michael (2018-05-24). "Baybars, Louis IX and the Battle for Syria".
2031:
1727:
1475:
1291:"And the commoners (Volunteer forces) are more than the troops in service."
1205:
784:
554:
339:
1618:
1228:
586:
1581:
after the Crusaders of Acre killed Egyptian merchants there, and Cyprus
1577:, and others living in a state of constant fear of any Egyptian attack.
2756:
Lev, Yaacov (1991). State and Society in Fatimid Egypt. Leiden: Brill.
2593:"السلوك لمعرفه دول الملوك - المقريزي، تقي الدين - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت"
2165:
2137:
1916:
1626:
1509:
1383:) was made up of Egyptians only, it was the Egyptian technician corps.
1015:
1681:
Not much is known about the Levantine Army but it participated in the
1833:: One of the leaders of the last attack against the Crusaders in the
1454:
1190:
921:
369:
2392:
2149:
1138:, meaning "one who comes, makes his way, in a delegation or group".
94:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2797:
2570:[Sultan Barsbay and the conquest of the island of Cyprus].
1815:
1547:
1508:
in returning to power, and they led a major rebellion against Emir
1047:
1019:
825:
800:
The Mamluk Army was established in 1250 by the first Mamluk Sultan
775:
401:
381:
1938:: Sultan of Egypt and managed to defeat the Ottomans in the Levant
1811:
al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf al-Din Qalawun al-Alafi al-Ala’i al-Salihi
2080:
2051:
2027:
2011:
2003:
1958:
1934:
1885:
and the de facto Sultan and took part in the campaigns of Sultan
1810:
1792:
1663:
1621:, making Egypt's Portuguese rivals fearful of Egypt's new power.
1614:
1605:
1344:
1267:
1178:
1146:
1055:
1035:
809:
1084:
2205:
Al-Zahir Baibars and the Egyptian civilization during his reign
2007:
1886:
1844:
1690:
1659:
1630:
1356:
1225:
1198:
1162:
1088:
1051:
1043:
1027:
940:
817:
409:
405:
365:
327:
2801:
2637:
2208:
2015:
1966:
1793:
al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari al-Salihi
1776:
1667:
1634:
1493:
led a major demonstration in front of the tent of the Sultan
1150:
1039:
1031:
805:
801:
377:
373:
361:
306:
249:
2477:] (in Turkish). Turkish Historical Society. p. 250.
1304:
were Mamluk soldiers, Egyptian leaders, and Mamluk leaders.
254:
Conquest from God and a near victory (فتح من الله ونصر قريب)
1059:
1023:
844:
397:
393:
1419:
1351:. This is in addition to their major achievements in the
1098:
troops were the heart and backbone of the Egyptian army.
1658:
was the army of the Levant. It was made up of Mamluks,
1242:(1309–41), but by 1333 some had been reduced servants (
920:
was the army of Egypt and was made up mostly of native
603:
Al-Sarim Ibrahim's campaign against the Karamanids 1419
2980:
16th-century disestablishments in the Mamluk Sultanate
2046:
in the Levant after assassinating many leaders of the
1758:
and one of the commanders of the Egyptian army in the
1273:
828:
mentioned that the number of the Egyptian army in the
2443:
North Africa: A History from Antiquity to the Present
209:
2692:عقد الجمان في تاريخ أهل الزمان – عصر سلاطين المماليك
2945:
13th-century establishments in the Mamluk Sultanate
2822:Dar Al-Rihani Foundation. p. 81. Archived from the
2804:: Faculty of Arts, Damascus University. p. 65.
2198:
1589:after it carried out a raid on the Egyptian coast.
788:One of the banners of the Egyptian soldiers in the
2640:: دار الشروق للنشر والتوزيع. pp. 15, 17, 18.
2225:The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History
2791:
1865:during the reign of al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun
2931:
2138:"The Emergence of the Mamluk Army (Conclusion)"
1771:in Egypt and did well in the Battle of Mansurah
1617:, which were the most advanced warships of the
1565:This policy has left coastal countries such as
1091:was one of the martial arts trained in the army
989:): These corps were composed of senior Mamluks.
774:'Victorious troops'), was the official
2713:, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 67–83,
1720:“Muhtar al-Rakab Khanah (مهتار الركاب خاناه).”
1407:They were mentioned for the first time in the
1224:), perhaps because he was a son-in-law of the
1173:that took place in the aftermath of the first
979:): These corps were composed of intellectuals.
904:The Egyptian army which was officially called
2794:النشاط البحري لدولة المماليك في البحر المتوسط
1101:
16:Armed forces of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate
2671:Ibn Aybak Al-Duwidar, vol. 8, from page 126.
2421:
1322:
223:
1464:Most of the sultans of Egypt relied on the
1038:. They also had camps in the cities of the
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2975:Military history of the State of Palestine
2689:
2466:
1925:: Commander of the volunteer corps in the
1704:
1650:The Levantine Army or officially known as
1295:
240:
151:. Please do not remove this message until
2135:
1935:Abu al-Nasr Sayf ad-Din al-Ashraf Qaitbay
1896:Fakhr al-Din Iyas bin Abdullah al-Jarjawi
189:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
2719:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748637317.003.0004
2079:
2056:
1504:were known for their support for Sultan
1474:
1418:
1310:
1208:regiment. He was said to have appointed
1083:
834:
808:, but it was reformed in 1260 by Sultan
783:
147:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2627:
2565:
1754:: Atabek al-Asakir during the reign of
1656:العساكر الشامية, lit. Levantine troops)
1625:dismantle the ships and cross them the
1370:
1212:up to the rank of "emir of a hundred" (
839:Horseman, from the book Nihāyat al-su’l
2932:
2787:
2785:
2777:زبدة كشف الممالك وبيان الطرق والمسالك,
2771:
2769:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2634:Al-Harafish in the time of the Mamluks
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2439:
2387:
2385:
2288:
2199:Gamal el-Din Souror, Mahammad (1938).
2010:, and others. And The conquest of the
1685:alongside the Egyptian Army under the
2427:Geschichte der Osmanischen Dichtkunst
2354:
2352:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2221:
1745:
1674:. In addition to the soldiers of the
2304:
2302:
2284:
2282:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
1802:: One of the army commanders in the
1177:in 1260, during the reign of Sultan
764:
745:
726:
699:
679:
210:
121:
59:
18:
2792:Khaled al-Shokhni, Mahmoud (2016).
2782:
2766:
2704:
2674:
2654:
2610:
2541:
2525:
2503:
2481:
2382:
2292:The Travels of: Sir John Mandeville
2274:النجوم الزاهرة في ملوك مصر والقاهرة
2187:النجوم الزاهرة في ملوك مصر والقاهرة
2121:النجوم الزاهرة في ملوك مصر والقاهرة
1349:conquest of Cyprus in the year 1426
1274:Volunteer (Al-Mutawa/Al-Mutatawi'a)
1006:were made up of both Egyptians and
943:and were similar to the modern-day
13:
2347:
2333:
2315:
1600:not to import ships from European
14:
2991:
2566:المفضلي, عبدالرحمن (2017-05-17).
2467:Sevim, Ali; Yücel, Yaşar (1991).
2440:Naylor, Phillip C. (2009-12-03).
2299:
2279:
2251:
2239:
2172:
2126:
2106:
1752:Fakhr al-Din ibn Sheikh al-Shaykh
1645:
1512:, who deposed al-Nasir Mahammad.
34:This article has multiple issues.
2891:ولاة دمشق في عهد المماليك, p.122
2568:"السلطان برسباي وفتح جزيرة قبرص"
2330:Ibn Taghribirdi, vol. 2, p. 327.
1969:and restructured the naval fleet
1472:brigades were completely loyal.
930:
899:
755:'Egyptian soldiers') or
672:Military of the Mamluk Sultanate
497:Cilicia Campaign of Baybars 1276
204:Military of the Mamluk Sultanate
126:
64:
23:
2917:
2904:
2895:
2883:
2874:
2846:
2829:
2808:
2750:
2740:
2698:
2585:
2559:
2460:
2433:
2415:
2406:
2365:
2201:الظاهر بيبرس وحضارة مصر في عهده
2094:Military of the Tulunid Emirate
1257:
935:The Royal or Sultanic Mamluks (
560:Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)
42:or discuss these issues on the
2500:Qalqashandi, vol. 14, p. 4–15.
2310:بدائع الزهور في وقائع الدهور ,
2215:
2192:
2136:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).
1913:al-Mu'ayyad Sheikh al-Mahmoudi
1695:Mongol invasions of the Levant
1520:so much that he was nicknamed
1386:
950:It consisted of three squads:
880:The army was disbanded by the
736:'Egyptian troops') or
688:Ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲁⲥⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲙⲗⲟⲩⲕⲓ
225:Ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲁⲥⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲙⲗⲟⲩⲕⲓ
1:
2446:. University of Texas Press.
2412:Steenbergen 2011, p. 142–143.
2099:
1777:al-Muzaffar Sayf al-Din Qutuz
1506:al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun
1300:The Emirs and their Mamluks (
1240:al-Nasir Mahammad bin Qalawun
1167:Mongol conquest of Khwarazmia
1002:(أجناد الحلقة) or simply the
871:al-Ashraf Sha'ban bin Qalawun
493:Second Battle of Sarvandik'ar
2371:Steenbergen, Jo Van (2011).
2360:بدائع الزهور في وقائع الدهور
2018:more than once. Turning the
1853:conqueror of Malatya in 1315
1823:: One of the leaders of the
1816:al-Adil Badr al-Din Solamish
1495:al-Ashraf Khalil bin Qalawun
1459:the Battle of Marj al-Saffar
1234:Kitbughā favoured the Oirat
1216:), but only one Khwarazmian
1121:
578:Egyptian conquest of Malatya
7:
2960:Military history of Lebanon
2857:Tides of Empires: 1481-1654
2538:Qalqashandi, vol. 16, p. 4.
2087:
1984:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1800:Zayn al-Din Ahmad bin Hanna
1453:, and their pursuit of the
1181:(1260–77). The bulk of the
891:
709:'Egyptian troops',
605:Conquest of Diyarbakir 1428
545:Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar
474:Fall of Krak des Chevaliers
357:List of areas of operations
153:conditions to do so are met
90:the claims made and adding
10:
2996:
2970:Military history of Jordan
2965:Military history of Israel
2901:Templar of Tyre, p. 110/3.
2705:Lev, Yaacov (2009-07-31),
1825:campaign to invade Makuria
1786:Battle of Ain Jalut (1260)
1579:Acre was conquered in 1291
1532:Al-Nasir Hasan bin Qalawun
1365:second Mamluk-Ottoman wars
1102:Summoned forces (Al-Radif)
795:
780:Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate.
714:
687:
224:
2955:Military history of Syria
2950:Military history of Egypt
2880:Ibn Iyas, vol. 1, p. 446.
2859:. Routledge & Kegan.
2391:Levanoni, Amalia (1995).
2344:Ibn Iyas, vol. 4, p. 124.
1973:
1804:Battle of Elbistan (1277)
1760:Battle of Mansoura (1250)
1598:al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri
1424:Battle of Mansurah (1250)
1323:Al-Ghozah/Al-Ghaz/Al-Zuer
1134:formed from the singular
1112:قوات الإستدعاء أو الرديف)
592:Capture of Baghdad (1394)
422:
417:
348:
338:
333:
323:
316:
300:
288:
280:
272:
264:
248:
239:
208:
203:
2912:السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك
2628:Mahfouz, Nagiub (2006).
2423:Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph
2067:United States of America
2042:in 1426, and ending the
2000:Battle of Marj al-Saffar
1573:, the Crusader state of
1550:era and improved in the
1193:took place under Sultan
1175:Mongol invasion of Syria
1106:The Summoned forces or A
993:
862:, Emir Hamo Lajin, Emir
830:battle of Marj al-Saffar
600:Siege of Damascus (1400)
570:Capture of Ifriqiya 1311
550:Second Kisrawan campaign
520:Fourth battle of Dongola
489:Battle of Dongola (1276)
2818:الإسلامي والغرب المسيحي
2775:Ibn Shaheen al-Zahiri,
2073:as the insignia of its
1951:Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam
1705:Army animals and stores
1594:Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam
1537:
1530:also supported Sultan
1341:الغزاة أو الغز أو الزعر
1296:Emirs and their Mamluks
1034:, and the ports of the
856:Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam
690:), officially known as
661:Capture of Cairo (1517)
564:Third Kisrawan campaign
540:First Kisrawan campaign
479:Siege of Tripoli (1271)
468:Siege of Antioch (1268)
2839:الزهور في وقائع الدهور
2690:al-Din al-Ayni, Badr.
2084:
2062:
2052:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
2034:from 1311 to 1317 and
1996:second battles of Homs
1869:Saad al-Din bin Ghurab
1851:in the Levant and the
1482:
1426:
1316:
1293:
1278:The Volunteer forces (
1197:(1295–97), himself an
1092:
1042:and the cities of the
918:Al-Asakir al-Mansoura,
848:Saad al-Din bin Ghurab
840:
792:
611:Capture of Aintab 1468
608:Siege of Rhodes (1444)
583:Battle of Cairo (1367)
568:Battle of Dongola 1310
525:Fall of Tripoli (1289)
484:Siege of Al-Rahba 1272
471:Conquest of Jaffa 1268
2814:Samir Ali al-Khadim,
2630:الحرافيش زمن المماليك
2377:Mamluk Studies Review
2362:, vol. 5, pp. 5, 122.
2083:
2060:
1953:: fought against the
1915:and conqueror of the
1890:against Timur in Iraq
1837:and commander of the
1821:Izz al-Din al-Kawrani
1583:was conquered in 1426
1478:
1422:
1314:
1289:
1087:
864:Fakhr al-Din al-Qibti
852:Izz al-Din al-Kawrani
838:
790:Second Battle of Homs
787:
757:Al-Asakir al-Mansoura
680:جيش السلطنة المملوكية
646:Battle of Yaunis Khan
627:Battle of Jeddah 1507
614:Battle of Urfa (1480)
596:Sack of Aleppo (1400)
510:Second Battle of Homs
486:Siege of Al-Bira 1275
482:Siege of Al-Bira 1272
464:Siege of Safed (1266)
256:I put my trust in God
211:جيش السلطنة المملوكية
2867:. Archived from the
2826:on January 27, 2024.
2248:Levanoni 1995, p. 8.
2211:: دار الكتب المصرية.
2044:Nizari Ismaili state
1923:Ibn bint al-Aqsarayi
1835:Siege of Acre (1291)
1831:Siraj al-Din Dhabyan
1784:and the hero of the
1689:(Viceroy of Syria),
1534:to return to power.
1480:Siege of Acre (1291)
1377:Al-Ajnad al-Bataalyn
1371:Al-Ajnad al-Bataalyn
860:Ibn bint el-Aqsarayi
822:Mandeville's Travels
715:Ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲁⲥⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲓ
642:Battle of Marj Dabiq
629:Hejaz rebellion 1507
623:Battle of Aga-Cayiri
537:Sack of Dongola 1292
529:Siege of Acre (1291)
505:Battle of al-Jassora
444:First Battle of Homs
2636:] (in Arabic).
2207:] (in Arabic).
1980:Battle of Ain Jalut
1859:Ibrahim bin Shaddad
1697:and battles of the
1693:and battles of the
1683:conquest of Malatya
1652:Al-Asakir al-Shamia
1587:was entered in 1444
1510:Baybars al-Jashnkir
1461:and other battles.
1451:conquest of Antioch
1353:conquest of Tripoli
1145:were predominantly
967:Ibrahim bin Shaddad
937:المماليك السلطانية)
906:Al-Asakir al-Masria
692:Al-Asakir al-Masria
439:Battle of Ain Jalut
429:List of engagements
140:of this article is
2475:History of Türkiye
2289:Mandeville, John.
2276:, vol. 14, p. 112.
2189:, vol. 13, p. 219.
2085:
2063:
2012:Kingdom of Makuria
1927:conquest of Cyprus
1845:Sayf al-Din Tankiz
1765:Faris al-Din Aktay
1746:Notable commanders
1483:
1439:Battle of Mansoura
1427:
1317:
1302:الأمراء ومماليكهم)
1280:المتطوعة, المطوعة)
1262:The Arab Knights (
1093:
841:
793:
651:Battle of Ridaniya
500:Battle of Elbistan
350:Deployed personnel
324:Commander-in-chief
311:Egyptian Sultanate
75:possibly contains
2914:, vol. 2, p. 223.
2889:Mahammad Dahman,
2865:978-0-7100-0150-4
2728:978-0-7486-3731-7
2453:978-0-292-77878-8
2401:978-90-04-10182-1
2272:Ibn Taghribirdi,
2228:. Oxford Academic
2185:Ibn Taghribirdi,
2119:Ibn Taghribirdi,
2040:Kingdom of Cyprus
1942:Sayf al-Din Uzbek
1542:The naval fleet (
1248:Sayf al-Din Salar
1195:al-ʿĀdil Kitbughā
910:Al-Askar al-Masri
773:
754:
735:
719:Al-Askar al-Masri
708:
668:
667:
573:Siege of Al-Rahba
434:Battle of al-Kura
390:Upper Mesopotamia
386:Arabian Peninsula
199:
198:
191:
181:
180:
173:
120:
119:
112:
77:original research
57:
2987:
2940:Mamluk Sultanate
2924:
2923:بسام العسلي، 118
2921:
2915:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2850:
2844:
2843:part. 4, p. 124.
2833:
2827:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2789:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2687:
2672:
2669:
2652:
2651:
2625:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2522:, vol. 18, p. 4.
2516:
2501:
2498:
2479:
2478:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2389:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2345:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2313:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2277:
2270:
2249:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2133:
2124:
2117:
2014:, the Hejaz and
2006:, the Battle of
2002:, the Battle of
1988:Sultanate of Rum
1911:: Son of Sultan
1909:Al-Sarim Ibrahim
1900:Na'ib al-Saltana
1863:Muqadam al-Dawla
1849:Na'ib al-Saltana
1767:: Leader of the
1699:Fall of Outremer
1455:Mongol Ilkhanids
1447:conquest of Acre
1381:الأجناد البطالين
945:Republican Guard
914:Al-Jund al-Masri
886:Capture of Cairo
768:
766:
765:العساكر المنصورة
749:
747:
738:Al-Jund al-Masri
730:
728:
716:
703:
701:
689:
681:
533:Siege of Rumkale
418:Related articles
328:Atabek al-Asakir
290:Service branches
258:(توكلت على الله)
244:
235:
227:
226:
221:
213:
212:
201:
200:
194:
187:
176:
169:
165:
162:
156:
130:
129:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
92:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
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2407:
2390:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2329:
2316:
2312:vol. 1, p. 423.
2307:
2300:
2287:
2280:
2271:
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2240:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2173:
2150:10.2307/1595291
2144:(46): 147–182.
2142:Studia Islamica
2134:
2127:
2123:, vol. 8, p. 5.
2118:
2107:
2102:
2090:
1976:
1919:beylik in 1419.
1887:al-Zahir Barquq
1782:Sultan of Egypt
1748:
1707:
1648:
1640:Battle of Chaul
1540:
1443:Seventh Crusade
1389:
1373:
1325:
1298:
1285:Ibn Taghribirdi
1276:
1260:
1132:collective noun
1124:
1104:
996:
933:
902:
894:
875:Battle of Cairo
798:
761:Egyptian Arabic
742:Egyptian Arabic
723:Egyptian Arabic
700:العساكر المصرية
696:Egyptian Arabic
676:Egyptian Arabic
664:
663:
659:
656:Siege of Jeddah
654:
649:
640:
635:
632:Battle of Chaul
630:
628:
626:
621:
616:
612:
610:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
571:
569:
567:
562:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
536:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:Siege of Margat
513:
508:
503:
498:
496:
491:
487:
485:
483:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
295:
259:
257:
255:
229:
222:
218:Egyptian Arabic
215:
195:
184:
183:
182:
177:
166:
160:
157:
146:
131:
127:
116:
105:
99:
96:
81:
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28:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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2957:
2952:
2947:
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2926:
2925:
2916:
2903:
2894:
2882:
2873:
2853:Peter Padfield
2845:
2828:
2807:
2781:
2765:
2749:
2739:
2727:
2697:
2673:
2653:
2646:
2609:
2584:
2558:
2540:
2524:
2502:
2480:
2470:Türkiye tarihi
2459:
2452:
2432:
2414:
2405:
2403:, pp. 111–112.
2381:
2364:
2346:
2332:
2314:
2298:
2278:
2250:
2238:
2214:
2191:
2171:
2125:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2020:Hafsid dynasty
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1961:, crushed the
1948:
1946:Adana campaign
1939:
1930:
1920:
1906:
1893:
1866:
1856:
1842:
1828:
1818:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1772:
1762:
1756:Shajar al-Durr
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1734:Homing pigeons
1731:
1721:
1716:Ajnad al-Halqa
1706:
1703:
1647:
1646:Levantine Army
1644:
1544:الأسطول البحري
1539:
1536:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1369:
1324:
1321:
1297:
1294:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1256:
1123:
1120:
1103:
1100:
1078:Arbab al-Heraf
1000:Ajnad al-Halqa
995:
992:
991:
990:
980:
970:
932:
929:
901:
898:
893:
890:
884:following the
797:
794:
666:
665:
618:Adana campaign
459:Battle of Mari
432:
427:
426:
424:
420:
419:
415:
414:
360:
355:
354:
352:
346:
345:
342:
336:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
314:
313:
304:
298:
297:
296:Levantine Army
292:
286:
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278:
277:
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9:
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2:
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2795:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2763:
2762:90-04-09344-3
2759:
2753:
2743:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2694:. p. 61.
2693:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2649:
2647:9789770915226
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
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2620:
2618:
2616:
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2598:
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2569:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2518:Qalqashandi,
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2476:
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2455:
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2428:
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2388:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2295:. p. 72.
2294:
2293:
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2122:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:marine forces
2072:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1965:rebellion in
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1878:Amir al-Umara
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1829:
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1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1769:Bahri Mamluks
1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1738:Cairo Citadel
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:Na'ib al-Sham
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1643:
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1636:
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1599:
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1584:
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1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:Mediterranean
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:siege of Acre
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
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1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
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1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:فرسان العربان
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
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1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
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1097:
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1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
988:
984:
981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
946:
942:
938:
931:Royal Mamluks
928:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:Egyptian Army
897:
889:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:
837:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
803:
791:
786:
782:
781:
777:
771:
762:
758:
752:
743:
739:
733:
727:العسكر المصري
724:
720:
712:
706:
697:
693:
685:
677:
673:
662:
657:
652:
647:
643:
638:
637:Battle of Diu
633:
624:
619:
615:
609:
601:
597:
593:
588:
584:
579:
574:
565:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
534:
530:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
494:
490:
480:
475:
469:
465:
460:
455:
454:Fall of Haifa
450:
449:Fall of Arsuf
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
421:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
332:
329:
326:
322:
319:
315:
312:
308:
305:
303:
299:
294:Egyptian Army
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
233:
219:
207:
202:
193:
190:
175:
172:
164:
154:
150:
144:
143:
139:
133:
124:
123:
114:
111:
103:
93:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2919:
2911:
2910:al-Maqrizi,
2906:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2848:
2836:
2831:
2815:
2810:
2793:
2776:
2752:
2742:
2732:, retrieved
2710:
2700:
2691:
2633:
2629:
2601:. Retrieved
2599:(in Persian)
2597:lib.eshia.ir
2596:
2587:
2576:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
2519:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2376:
2367:
2359:
2309:
2291:
2273:
2230:. Retrieved
2224:
2217:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2141:
2120:
2071:Mamluk sword
2069:adopted the
2064:
2032:vassal state
1977:
1932:
1899:
1882:
1876:
1875:and was the
1872:
1871:: nicknamed
1862:
1848:
1838:
1808:
1790:
1774:
1733:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1623:
1591:
1564:
1556:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1434:
1428:
1412:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1261:
1258:Arab Knights
1251:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1222:amīr arbaʿīn
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1155:Khwarazmians
1142:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1008:Awlad al-Nas
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
986:
982:
976:
972:
962:
958:
954:
949:
936:
934:
926:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
895:
879:
868:
866:and others.
842:
814:
799:
776:armed forces
756:
746:الجند المصري
737:
718:
691:
671:
669:
555:Fall of Ruad
428:
356:
340:Conscription
302:Headquarters
273:Current form
185:
167:
158:
136:
106:
97:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2574:(in Arabic)
1963:Arab tribes
1839:al-Harafish
1619:Middle Ages
1528:Al-Harafish
1514:Al-Harafish
1502:al-Harafish
1491:al-Harafish
1485:During the
1470:al-Harafish
1466:al-Harafish
1409:Fatimid era
1393:al-Harafish
1387:Al-Harafish
1266:) were the
1075:called the
959:al-Khasskia
587:Fall of Sis
161:August 2024
100:August 2024
2934:Categories
2835:Ibn Iyas,
2779:pp. 66–67.
2734:2023-12-26
2603:2023-12-26
2578:2023-12-26
2572:الجزيرة نت
2556:Wise, p.25
2520:صبح الأعشى
2358:Ibn Iyas,
2308:Ibn Iyas,
2232:2023-12-26
2100:References
2036:conquering
1955:Portuguese
1660:Levantines
1627:Nile Delta
1610:Portuguese
1523:al-Harfush
1518:l-Harafish
1157:and other
1064:Diyarbakır
1046:, such as
1016:Alexandria
318:Leadership
138:neutrality
84:improve it
39:improve it
2395:. Brill.
2158:0585-5292
1917:Karamanid
1873:Aziz Masr
1602:Venetians
1433:era, the
1329:Al-Ghozah
1252:wāfidiyya
1236:wāfidiyya
1214:amīr miʾa
1210:wāfidiyya
1191:Ilkhanate
1189:from the
1187:wāfidiyya
1183:wāfidiyya
1171:wāfidiyya
1143:wāfidiyya
1128:wāfidiyya
1122:Wafidiyya
983:Al-Jalban
939:were all
922:Egyptians
888:in 1517.
370:Cyrenaica
334:Personnel
281:Disbanded
149:talk page
88:verifying
45:talk page
2869:original
2855:(1979).
2824:original
2798:Damascus
2747:257–258.
2088:See also
1986:and the
1841:brigades
1672:Turkomen
1664:Bedouins
1615:galleons
1449:, their
1435:Harafish
1413:Harafish
1402:Harfshah
1398:Harfshah
1359:and the
1206:Baḥriyya
1201:Mongol.
1118:troops.
1048:Damascus
1020:Damietta
973:Al-Tabaq
963:الخاصكية
892:Factions
882:Ottomans
826:Ibn Iyas
402:Ifriqiya
382:Anatolia
142:disputed
2166:1595291
2030:into a
2028:Tunisia
2024:Tripoli
2004:Birecik
1959:Red Sea
1957:in the
1933:Sultan
1929:in 1426
1904:Tripoli
1883:Ustadar
1827:in 1287
1809:Sultan
1791:Sultan
1775:Sultan
1741:Levant.
1606:Rosetta
1552:Fatimid
1548:Tulunid
1431:Ayyubid
1429:In the
1355:in the
1345:Barsbay
1337:Al-Zuer
1333:Al-Ghaz
1268:Bedouin
1179:Baybars
1163:Mamlūks
1159:Turkics
1147:Mongols
1108:l-Radif
1056:Baalbek
1036:Red Sea
1012:Sharqia
987:الجلبان
955:Khasski
941:Mamluks
854:, Emir
850:, Emir
818:Mamluks
810:Baybars
796:History
778:of the
772:
753:
734:
707:
423:History
265:Founded
82:Please
2863:
2837:ودائع
2816:الشرق
2760:
2725:
2644:
2450:
2399:
2164:
2156:
2048:Seljuk
2008:Harran
1998:, the
1974:Legacy
1724:Camels
1711:Horses
1691:Tankiz
1631:Jeddah
1571:Rhodes
1567:Cyprus
1489:, the
1357:Levant
1229:Hülegü
1226:Ilkhan
1161:. The
1089:Tahtib
1062:, and
1052:Aleppo
1044:Levant
1028:Faiyum
977:الطباق
711:Coptic
684:Coptic
410:Rhodes
406:Cyprus
366:Levant
232:Coptic
228:
214:
2802:Syria
2638:Egypt
2632:[
2473:[
2209:Cairo
2203:[
2162:JSTOR
2016:Yemen
1992:first
1967:Hejaz
1676:Halqa
1668:Kurds
1635:India
1592:Emir
1554:era.
1361:first
1244:atbāʿ
1218:wāfid
1199:Oirat
1151:Kurds
1136:wāfid
1116:Halqa
1096:Halqa
1073:Halqa
1068:Halqa
1040:Hejaz
1032:Asyut
1004:Halqa
994:Halqa
806:Egypt
802:Aybak
717:) or
644:1516
378:Nubia
374:Hejaz
362:Egypt
307:Cairo
250:Motto
2861:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2642:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2154:ISSN
2065:The
2038:the
2026:and
1994:and
1728:Acre
1670:and
1575:Acre
1538:Navy
1500:The
1391:The
1375:The
1363:and
1327:The
1141:The
1126:The
1060:Homs
1024:Suez
998:The
845:Emir
770:lit.
751:lit.
732:lit.
705:lit.
670:The
658:1517
653:1517
648:1516
639:1509
634:1508
625:1488
620:1485
589:1375
580:1315
575:1312
566:1305
557:1302
552:1300
547:1299
542:1292
535:1292
522:1287
517:1282
512:1281
507:1280
502:1277
495:1276
476:1271
461:1266
456:1265
451:1265
446:1260
441:1260
436:1251
398:Iran
394:Iraq
284:1517
276:1260
268:1250
135:The
2715:doi
2146:doi
2022:in
1902:in
1457:in
1335:or
1331:or
957:or
916:or
912:or
908:or
804:of
344:Yes
86:by
2936::
2800:,
2796:.
2784:^
2768:^
2721:,
2709:,
2676:^
2656:^
2612:^
2595:.
2543:^
2527:^
2505:^
2483:^
2425:.
2384:^
2375:.
2349:^
2335:^
2317:^
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2281:^
2253:^
2241:^
2174:^
2160:.
2152:.
2140:.
2128:^
2108:^
2077:.
2054:.
1898::
1881:,
1861::
1847::
1780::
1701:.
1666:,
1662:,
1642:.
1569:,
1526:.
1367:.
1231:.
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55:)
51:(
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