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repression or instability by giving warring parties more resources to fight with or propping up illiberal governments. Shipments of arms, air support, or training can make a sitting government more able to suppress dissent. More specifically, military aid has been linked to the rise in extrajudicial killings. Governments that receive large levels of external sponsorship may be empowered to crack down on a dissident civilian population, and lose incentive for reform. Dube and Naidu analyse the effect of military aid on
68:’ of civil war, looting, patronage, and coups. In insecure environments money may be siphoned off for corruption, looting, captured by local warlords, or be simply ineffective. For example, humanitarian aid after the Rwandan conflict was captured by Hutu genocidaires and used to continue their insurgency. In these situations, military aid is useful in creating an environment where aid can be transported and dispersed effectively.
89:, and write that "Aid...results in more paramilitary homicides.... foreign military assistance may strengthen armed non-state actors, undermining domestic political institutions." Dube and Naidu conclude that the overall effect of military aid is to increase the state strength of the recipient, but that this may also include empowering state-linked
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There are arguments also offered that consider military assistance to be effective, but only when substantial resources are dedicated to the endeavor. However, there are equally persuasive arguments (offered by one military officer) that substantial amounts of military assistance in weak states (such
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Military aid is often used in cases where development aid or other forms of cash-flows prove inadequate. High poverty situations may preclude the possibility of raising the standard of living through the transfer of money, because recipient nations lack the infrastructure and political action needed
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operations. While state strength may be in line with the donor's foreign policy objectives, empowering paramilitary groups may increase human rights violations. Groups in
Colombia are armed and sponsored by the government, but lack the same checks and punishments for misbehavior that are present in
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Military aid is the subject of controversy surrounding aid directed at repressive or transitioning regimes, where its effectiveness is not so clear. Military aid is often mistaken as arms sales, though the two are quite they are actually different. When targeted improperly, military aid can fuel
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In the 21st century, increasing numbers of scholars are identifying how military assistance is an instrument of power projection for influence in the era of great power competition. Various strong states are avoiding direct conflict and are engaging in the low-risk mission of train, advise, and
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and equipment for local armed forces, but also development aid targeted at increasing community education and increases local wages. Similar initiatives are implemented by UN to incorporate military assistance and development aid in their peacekeeping programs, with the end of “support the
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Military aid in conjunction with development aid is argued to have greater power to create stability than either of them alone. This because a two sided approach allows aid agencies to use a wider range or tools to nudge local actors into maintaining peace. The
105:: expensive to create but easily "cracked" by insurgents. In either case, there is substantial domestic and international politics involved in the provision of aid and training when it comes to trying to build foreign security forces.
55:, the US’s regional military command in Africa seeks to fulfill security objectives such as stability and counter-terrorism but also democracy and economic growth. To that end, AFRICOM provides military aid in the forms of
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as a part of broader strategic aid-goals. While development aid seeks to change conditions by supporting nascent institutions, education, or growth, military aid focuses on the demand for physical security. For example,
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efforts. Military aid can be given to a rebellion to help fight another country. This aid may be given in the form of money for foreign militaries to buy weapons and equipment from the donor country.
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government forces. As a result, paramilitary groups have significantly higher documented rates of human rights abuses including torture and extrajudicial killings.
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The design and implementation of military aid is highly contextual based on the circumstances which are targeted. Military aid is often bundled with
448:
Stephen Biddle, Julia
Macdonald & Ryan Baker (2018). "Small footprint, small payoff: The military effectiveness of security force assistance".
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efforts, or to assist a poor country in maintaining control over its own territory. Many countries receive military aid to help with
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Jahara
Matisek (2018). "The crisis of American military assistance: strategic dithering and Fabergé Egg armies".
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Securing
Tyrants or Fostering Reform?: U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes
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assist (TAA) and equipping a military/militia partner/ally to pursue certain objectives and national interests.
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365:"Arms for Reforms: The Effectiveness of U.S. Military Assistance at Encouraging Human Rights Reforms"
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restoration and enhancement of essential services…and help to tackle the root causes of conflict.”
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writes that combined action could decrease the probability of civil war onset by 50%.
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United States security assistance to the
Palestinian National Authority
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236:"UN Secretary-General's report, "In Larger Freedom," September 2005".
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to convert the aid into welfare. Poor nations are often stuck in a ‘
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as
Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, etc.) only leads to the creation of
180:"OECD redefines foreign aid to include some military spending"
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which is used to assist a country or its people in its
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149:Matisek, Jahara; Williamson, Josh (June 2020).
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382:Dube, Oeindrila; Naidu, Suresh (2015).
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281:"Does humanitarian aid prolong wars?"
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450:Journal of Strategic Studies
313:"Breaking the Conflict Trap"
217:The New York Review of Books
213:"Foreign Aid Goes Military!"
178:Mason, Rowena (2016-02-20).
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248:"The economics of violence"
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155:Expeditions with MCU Press
115:United States military aid
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42:Design and Implementation
363:Gibb, Arthur (2010).
389:Journal of Politics
211:Easterly, William.
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101:Fabergé Egg
434:2017-05-12
298:2017-05-27
265:2017-05-12
222:2017-05-12
197:2017-05-27
136:References
130:Lend-Lease
74:World Bank
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410:220454361
293:0261-3077
260:0013-0613
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80:Drawbacks
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