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with mass poverty and inflation, social reforms were introduced: unemployment benefit, tax arrears waivers, a ban on the employment of children under 14, wage increases, a token severance payment for demobilised soldiers, the introduction of an eight-hour working day and the extension of social security. Alongside the democratic establishment, the governments of the
Karolyi regime also sought to consolidate internal order, but with little success. Furthermore, the Social Democrats who were Hungary's largest party by far, frequently undercut Károlyi and imposed their decisions on him without taking responsibility for their actions. Károlyi wished to transfer almost all of the rural lands to the peasants. To set an example, he gave all of his own vast family estates to his tenants. But this was the only land transfer that took place; the Social Democrats blocked any measures that might give the control of those lands to the peasantry on the grounds that it was promoting capitalism. In February 1919, the government used police force against two recently formed extremist organisations: it dissolved the dictatorial right-wing government and the Hungarian National Defence League (MOVE) led by Gyula Gömbös, which demanded the armed defence of the historic (pre-World War I) Hungarian borders. After an unemployment demonstration on 20 February 1919, which led to an armed confrontation in front of the Budapest offices of the Népszava newspaper, he imprisoned thirty-two leaders of the Communist Party of Hungary, including their leader, Béla Kun.
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potentially causing disorder, threatening the new government, or prompting Allied intervention. Linder’s much maligned policy was very quickly reversed when
Czechoslovak troops occupied several districts claimed by the Prague government in western Hungary on November 9th. As a result, Linder resigned his post as Minister of Defence on November 9th and was replaced with Albert Bartha, who was now faced with the task of reorganizing and re-arming the Hungarian military. In a speech on November 11th, Károlyi announced that the Hungarian army had ceased disarming and was prepared to defend Hungary from the Czech incursion. When Prague sent Gendarmes to occupy several majority Slovak districts in western Hungary, Károlyi followed through on his promise to defend Hungary's borders, mobilizing divisions of repatriated POWs who managed to repel the Czech forces. When a new demarcation line was negotiated, Hungary ceded administration of the areas given to the Prague government, but refused to withdraw its army any further. All through the winter of 1918–19, the
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598:. Initially, he remained silent on these feelings, and even read a pro-war declaration from his party. He did this as a result of internal pressure, having faced indignation after refusing to support war loans. In 1915, he volunteered in the 1st Hungarian Hussar Regiment in Budapest after being called for service. Later on, in his memoirs, he regretted having ever reluctantly supported the war due to political pressure. The horrors of the war prompted him to accept isolation to openly oppose the war. From 1916 onward, he openly demanded that the war be ended and peace concluded immediately, even at the price of dissolving the alliance of Germany. Károlyi became part of a small but very active pacifist anti-war maverick faction in the Hungarian parliament. He and his followers withdrew to create their own separate party, which initially had only no more than 20 members. According to Tibor Hajdu, Károlyi's movement soon grew in popularity.
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surgery proved to be a sharp turning point; for, after a couple of weeks of recovery, Mihály started to speak quickly, fluently and very elaborately, despite the fact that the family and relatives formerly thought that he was too dumb to speak. His severe developmental disorder was a decisive factor in the development of
Karolyi's personality. His struggle to learn to speak and to live a full life after his cleft palate surgery sapped his willpower. As an adult, "iron will, ambition, stubbornness and the security of his immense wealth drove him on his political career." Throughout his life, he has learned three foreign languages at almost native level: English, German and French. His mindset and character were shaped by external influences: including hatred towards the Habsburg dynasty, the traditional
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396:. Károlyi bargained with the pilot to board the famous plane and make a flight over Budapest. It was characteristic of the young Károlyi's recklessness that he sat on the frame of the one-seater airplane and clung to the iron bars, making his flight with legs hanging in the air. Being a Francophone, as was the tradition in his family, he spent several years in Paris; he also traveled across the United Kingdom and the United States. As a gambling addict, he was known for his card battles, his losses and for his "dandy" lifestyle in famous casinos across Western Europe. Around the age of 30, the young tycoon started to get serious and subsequently developed an interest in politics and public life.
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enthusiasm; he spent his time flagrantly, playing cards, having fun hunting. He lived in French spa towns, attended many international horse races and early automobile races in various
European countries. Although his political opponents later sought to denounce his hedonistic lifestyle as a youth, the truth is that Karolyi's youthful life was no different from that of aristocrats of his age. He loved travelling most of all, even going as far as the island of Ceylon, but he also travelled to almost every country in Europe and visited the USA four times. When he was at home, his favourite pastimes were horse riding, polo and hunting, but he also enjoyed playing cards and chess.
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1581:"He spent lavishly. He gambled, sat in orgies. People laughed at him. No one took him seriously. His glamorous life and his passion for cards, and later his political activities, consumed vast sums of money. He was surrounded by flatterers. And he believed what the profiteers bent over backwards to tell him." - This is how Cecile Tormay, who saw Karolyi closely as a contemporary, but who regarded him as a political opponent, and who deeply hated him, not without subjectivity, because of their shared social environment, remembers him in her diary. Tormay Cecile. Notes from 1918-1919
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1064:, hoped to create an "Eastern Switzerland" by persuading the non-Magyar peoples of Hungary to stay as part of the new Hungarian Republic. Jászi also immediately offered democratic referendums about the disputed borders to minorities, however, the political leaders of those minorities refused the very idea of democratic referendums at the Paris peace conference. Instead the Czech, Serbian, and Romanian political leaders chose to attack Hungary to seize territories. The military and political events changed rapidly and drastically after the Hungarian self-disarmament.
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Vincze and Zoltán
Maruzsa, the president of the István Tisza Society, disagree with this assessment, noting that "The trial differs from the show trials orchestrated by communists during the Cold War era in that, while there were indeed those in the Horthy regime who wished to stage a show trial, ultimately no one was convicted against whom there was no evidence, and Mihály Károlyi himself was ultimately acquitted of the charge of inciting the murder."
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545:“The entire note with its firmness and rudeness and the formidable severity of the claims it includes gives the impression, and cannot give any other impression, that the Monarchy wants to settle her account with Serbia. We might say that the Monarchy wants war... Even if the war is victorious, we are going to pay the price with a nation’s greatest treasure, humán life, the life of the young... We are not, we cannot be, enthusiastic about the war.”
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the part of the Allies. The
Belgrade Armistice was well received back in Budapest. French recognition of Károlyi's government did not, however, materialize, and it soon became apparent that the French Foreign Office considered the treaty a "dead letter". Moreover, Károlyi's opponents argued that by needlessly seeking a second armistice, Károlyi had worsened Hungary's situation.
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610:"I received, day after day, heaps of telegrams and letters in which hundreds of simple people assured me that I had spoken after their own heart, and asked me to persevere. When I travelled from from Parád to Budapest in the middle of July (1917), common soldiers surrounded me at a railway station. One of them addressed me a speech. He called me an apostle of peace."
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1403:. They wanted to achieve the disarmament of the Hungarian National Army and the removal of Horthy, even with the help of foreign troops and intervention. However the effect has remained small: Renner and Beneš sent a memorandum to the Western Allied Powers, but the leadership of Entente Powers had already decided that Horthy should remain in power.
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380:, his idea of organizing peasants into farming cooperatives. Having unbroken optimistic faith in the rapid development of science and technology, which he thought would solve all problems of humankind, he developed an idealistic devotion to the cause of social justice based on his reading experiences, including the French Encyclopédie and
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665:, Károlyi married Countess Katalin Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka, with whom he had three children. As Károlyi's wife was a member of one of Hungary's most powerful families; by the marriage, Károlyi got under the protection of his influential father-in-law. His only son, Adam Károlyi served in the
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in 1975. After the fall of communism his statue was repeatedly covered with red paint by unknown persons. At other times a wire was hung around his neck, a sign was hung on the wire with the inscription "I am responsible for
Trianon". The statue was dismantled at dawn on 29 March 2012, as part of the
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army, which fatal decision had militarily enabled the Allies to dismember
Hungary in the Treaty of Trianon. In the interpretation of the court verdict, he betrayed Hungary during his leadership. Károlyi was formally declared a persona non grata. Due to procedural and substantive irregularities in the
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gave Károlyi responsibility without much power while giving the Social
Democrats power without much responsibility. The war deepened social differences and disparity, since the wealthy social strata not directly involved in the war could continue to live unchanged, i.e. carefree lives, and the wealth
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Far from being at the forefront of politics until 1916, "the public heard far more about his motor car speeding, car accidents and card battles than his speeches in parliament." It was only after the
Hungarian public opinion began to become disillusioned with the war that Károlyi began to look like a
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Mihály was raised with great devotion in the castle of his grandmother at Fót, because his politician father, Count Julius Károlyi, had not enough time for Mihály. At the age of 14, his grandmother sent him to a Viennese clinic, where he underwent special surgery to restore his palate and mouth. This
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of 1919. At the same time, throughout Hungary, most cities also renamed their own streets named after him, sometimes in a creative way. In Budapest for example the name of the prominent street in downtown, was changed from "Károlyi Mihály utca" to simply "Károlyi utca", removing the association with
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In 1924, while Károlyi's wife was in the United States she came down with typhoid fever. Károlyi applied for a visa to come to the United States to visit her, but the State Department imposed a gag order, preventing him from giving any political speeches, as the State Department believed him to be a
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witnessed the collapse of the prosecution's case in the trial of Tisza's alleged murderers, he "willingly or unwillingly, necessarily erased - it seems, perhaps forever - the traces leading to the mystery of Tisza's assassination." The only certainty that emerged was that the threads of the plot did
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were now in an untenable position. Although they did not want to accept this French demand, they were in no position to reject it either. On 21 March, Berinkey resigned. Károlyi then announced that only the Social Democrats could form a new government. It was decided that an alliance would be sought
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Many citizens thought that Károlyi could negotiate soft peace terms with the Allies for Hungary. Károlyi headed the Provisional Government from 1 November 1918 until 16 November, when the Hungarian Democratic Republic was proclaimed. Károlyi ruled Hungary through a National Council, transformed into
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foreign policy. Károlyi made contact with British and French Entente diplomats behind the scenes in Switzerland during the war. He argued for peace with the Allies, loosing ties between Austria and Hungary, abolishing the property-based franchise requirements that allowed only 5.8% of the population
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An important milestone in his confrontation with liberal conservatism was when, in June 1912, after the vote on the Defence Act, the parliamentary speaker István Tisza put an end to the opposition's protests with police violence. Opposition members, who had been removed from the chamber, then joined
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He ran in the 1901 and 1905 and 1906 parliamentary elections in the lower house of parliament (House of Representatives) without success; however, as a count, he had a right to participate in the Upper house (House of Magnates) of parliament. In 1910, Károlyi was elected to Parliament as a member of
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and officially sentenced as a traitor by the legal court. Conversely, according to the political left, he was respected as a statesman who recognized that the culpable war policies of the leaders of the Monarchy were leading Hungary into the disaster of World War I, and he attempted, in his own way,
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In his youth, he was a wastrel, but, as he grew older, he became devoted to more serious pursuits. In 1909, he became the President of the OMGE (National Agricultural Society), the main rural organization of the nobility. Initially a supporter of the existing political and social system in Hungary,
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Historians Pölöskei and Tibor Hajdu consider the trial to have been a political fabrication: "trial of the alleged murderers may have been the first modern Hungarian show trial, where the true identification of the killers was the least of their concerns." However, other historians, such as Gábor
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Of the more than forty laws and almost 400 decrees introduced by the Károlyi and Berinkey governments and passed by the National Council, the new electoral law gave the right to vote to all men over 21 and women over 24 who could read and write in any domestic language. General elections under the
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Upon the National Council's seizure of power, Minister of Defence Béla Linder recalled all troops from the front and instructed all Hungarian units to lay down their arms. By Károlyi’s own admission, this order was informed mainly by a fear among Károlyi’s cabinet that soldiers could return armed,
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General Franchet d'Esperey treated the Hungarians with open contempt and imposed a harsher armistice on the defeated nation than the Padua Armistice had. The Belgrade Armistice was nonetheless seen as a victory for Károlyi, as it represented some degree of de facto recognition of his government on
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was all but forced to appoint Károlyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of Károlyi's first acts was to repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and state. On the 1st of
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During the War, freedom of the press and freedom of assembly were temporarily banned on the grounds of wartime interests. The Karolyi government reintroduced freedom of the press, freedom of association and freedom of assembly. With the economy on the verge of collapse as a result of the war, and
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In addition, as Hungary had signed an armistice, not a peace treaty, the Allied blockade continued until such time as a peace treaty was signed. Hungary had suffered from food shortages throughout the war and deaths from starvation had become common from 1917 onwards. Furthermore, the country had
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after returning from his long trip to the United States. He was promptly arrested, as a citizen of a belligerent country, despite the fact that Austria-Hungary was not yet at war with the French Republic. Consequently, he was released from prison. Later, he was arrested again for several weeks in
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Eduard Benes sent Mihály Károlyi to Moscow as a Czechoslovak diplomat, as it seemed that the Soviet Red Army was on the verge of victory and would soon occupy Poland. As a diplomat, Károlyi wanted to ensure that the Red Army respected the independence of Transcarpathia and Slovakia. However, the
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on 31 October. In 1918, when the Aster Revolution broke out and it became clear that Mihály Károlyi would become head of government, his half-brother, Count József Károlyi (1884-1934), (chief bailiff of Fejér county, member of parliament), resigned from his post and became the most aggressive
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For the time being, however, Károlyi managed to get the formerly moderate right-wing Hungarian newspaper, the Wiener Magyar Zeitung, to serve his cause; on 5 June, one day after the signing of the Trianon Peace Treaty, Károlyi welcomed the economic blockade of Hungary, which was already in a
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novels. Although he was not interested in university lectures, he managed to pass his exams with the help of a tutor and obtained a law degree. At the age of 24, he became an unbridled adult. He wanted to make up for what he had missed as a teenager, throwing himself into the nightlife, with
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In the early years of the Horthy era, between 1921 and 1923, Károlyi was subjected to an officially sanctioned, contrived trial in which he was convicted of high treason and sentenced to the full confiscation of his assets. The judgment held him guilty of high treason due to the unilateral
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of the large entrepreneurs who supplied the war effort could even continue to grow enormously, while the wages of the workers who lived on wages were constantly and significantly devalued. The economic incompetence of the new government which printed more and more money, leading to massive
1288:. Hungary which possessed little coal depended upon German coal imports. Without coal, most had to live without heat in the winter of 1918–19, and the railroad network had gradually ceased to function. The collapse of railroads in their turn caused the collapse of industry and hence mass
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638:. In 1916 Károlyi broke off with his party, which had found his openly pro-Entente attitude to be too radical and dangerous for a war-time pacifist faction in parliament. Therefore, Károlyi formed a new party, called the United Party of Independence of 1848; generally known as the
1594:"His desperate youth was followed by years of unscrupulous pleasure. During these, his way of life was in blatant contrast to the radical social demands he made in his speeches." Miklós Horthy: "My Memoirs," p. 115. Europe Book Publishing House - Historia Journal, Budapest, 1990
1192:) with the Allies on 3 November 1918. Since Hungary was now independent, some in the Cabinet argued that Hungary needed to sign a new armistice. Against his better judgement, Károlyi agreed to this idea, and had Hungary sign in November 1918, a new armistice with the Allies in
368:. Due to his cleft lip and cleft palate, the young Mihály was often mocked and humiliated during his childhood by his cousins and other relatives of similar age, despite the power and wealth of his family, which influenced his subsequent vanity, ambition and desire for power.
1390:"Words will not win Horthy, he must be crushed by deeds. The terrible thing about brutality is that brutality cannot be defeated without using brutality. Horthy's actions show him to be an enemy of humanity ... so humanity must renounce the tradition of humanity in his face."
1323:. Unbeknowst to Károlyi, the Democratic Socialists and the Communist Party came to the decision that Károlyi should be removed from power. Hours after Berinkey resigned, the newly merged Hungarian Socialist Party announced Károlyi's resignation and the formation of the
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In January 1913, Károlyi was challenged to a duel by prime minister István Tisza, after refusing to shake Tisza's hand following a political disagreement. The 34-bout duel with cavalry sabres lasted an hour until Tisza cut Károlyi's arm and the seconds ended the duel.
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and the Czechoslovaks often broke the armistice in order to seize more territory for themselves. After January 1919, Károlyi began to consider the idea of an alliance with Soviet Russia, through Károlyi was opposed to the idea of Communism in Hungary itself.
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to vote and run for office before the war, and giving women the right to vote and hold office. In particular, Károlyi demanded in 1915 that veterans should be granted the right to vote, which won so much popular support that it enraged Prime Minister, Count
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He, who wants a democratic foreign policy, has to become, heart and soul, a democrat also in internal politics. In splitting the party of independence, Károlyi turned against those who proclaimed war but had their own sons exempted from military
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in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points by ordering the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian army, leaving the country defenseless at a time of particular vulnerability. This happened on 2 November 1918, while
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The assessment of his political activities is strikingly contradictory, although there is a general consensus that he was a weak and unsuccessful leader. Beyond this, during the Horthy era, he was identified as one of the main causes of
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forces with the democratic and socialist opposition outside parliament to organise joint people's rallies. At one of the first of these, on 16 June 1912 in Miskolc, Károlyi appeared as a speaker alongside the Civic Radical Democrat
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aristocratic family who had played an important role in Hungarian society since the 17th century. His parents were cousins: his father was Count Gyula (Julius) Károlyi (1837 - 1890), his mother was Countess Georgine Károlyi.
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316:(1884–1934), was the head of Fejér County, a member of parliament, and one of the prominent legitimist politicians of the Horthy era. When he learned that Mihály Károlyi had become prime minister as a result of the 1918
772:"I was certainly no adherent of the ancient regime, but it seems doubtful to me whether it is a sign of political shrewdness to beat to death the smartest of the many counts and to make the stupidest one president."
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served as minister of war which made the occupation of Hungary directly possible for the relatively small military forces of surrounding countries as the Franco-Serbian army, the Czechoslovak and the Romanian army.
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for being a citizen of a belligerent country. However, after promising that he wouldn't fight against the French during the war, he finally got a passport from the Bordeaux authorities. Afterwards he travelled to
1534:, Károlyi was praised as the founder of the first Hungarian republic. Many streets and other public places were named after him, and even a few statues were erected in his honor. The most famous one, sculpted by
320:, Count József Károlyi resigned from his position and became one of the most aggressive critics and opponents of Mihály Károlyi's government, as he considered Mihály intellectually unfit for a leadership role.
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On the 1st of November, his new Hungarian government decided to recall all of the troops, who were conscripted from the territory of Kingdom of Hungary. It became a major blow for the Habsburg's armies on the
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In August 1944, Károlyi, as president of the Hungarian Council in Great Britain, and his colleagues held a meeting to protest against the ongoing genocidal persecution of Hungarian Jews. Throughout the
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During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary lost control over approx. 75% of its former pre-WW1 territories (325 411 km) without armed resistance and was subject to foreign occupation.
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November, Károlyi's new government decided to recall all of the troops, who were conscripted from the territory of Kingdom of Hungary, which was a major blow for the Habsburg's armies on the fronts.
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Károlyi József gróf: Madeirai emlékek; Károlyi József gróf, a politikus – Fejér Megyei Levéltár közleményei 20. (Székesfehérvár, 1996) Károlyi József gróf, a politikus (Erdős Ferenc–Nyáry Zsigmond)
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Károlyi József gróf: Madeirai emlékek; Károlyi József gróf, a politikus – Fejér Megyei Levéltár közleményei 20. (Székesfehérvár, 1996) Károlyi József gróf, a politikus (Erdős Ferenc–Nyáry Zsigmond)
531:“By throwing ourselves entirely into Germany’s arms we have put ourselves in a situation which is called stalemate in chess. We are not in check-mate, but any move by us will mean checkmate.”
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not originate from the National Council led by Mihály Károlyi, and the identities of the killers did not match those specified in the prosecutor's indictment based on the Hüttner testimony.
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to counteract this. These contradictions in his evaluation still continue to resonate among various political factions of Hungarian domestic political life even in the early 21st century.
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1459:. A year later, Countess Károlyi was denied a visa to visit the United States, but Secretary Kellogg of the State Department refused to explain on what grounds her visa denial was made.
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The lines would apply until definitive borders could be established. Under the terms of the armistice, Serbian and French troops advanced from the south, taking control of the
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During his American tour, he sent telegram messages to Budapest for the Magyarország magazine, where he shared his geopolitical opinion about the deepening crisis in Europe.
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and Mihály Károlyi became implacable political enemies following the 1905 elections. Their debates in parliament further increased their mutual personal antagonism with time.
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With this step began Károlyi's break with his own class. In high politics he became isolated, but he gained the trust and affection of simple people. He wrote in his memoirs:
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2024:[A Country Without an Army (1918)]. In Kollega Tarsoly, István; Bekény, István; Dányi, Dezső; Hernádi, László Mihály; Illésfalvi, Péter; Károly, István (eds.).
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On 25 October 1918 Károlyi had formed the Hungarian National Council. Károlyi as the most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, seized power during the
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He was interested in all technical innovations: he enjoyed driving cars and became a passionate collector of race cars and yachts. On one occasion a fellow pilot of
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Mihály Károlyi was born on March 4, 1875, in the Károlyi Palace in the aristocratic palace district of Pest. Károlyi's parents were cousins, and he was born with a
1327:. The liberal president Károlyi was arrested by the new Communist government on the first day. He managed to make his escape and flee to Paris in July 1919.
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and even more impoverishment. Károlyi's failure to improve living conditions or persuade the Allies to lift the blockade led to public criticism of Károlyi.
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at the residence of its creator. By the 21st century however, the view on him has become mixed at best. Many Hungarians blame him for the disintegration of
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ordering Hungarian troops further back into Hungary; it was widely assumed that the military lines would be the new frontiers. Károlyi and Prime Minister
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real alternative to the governing forces. His consistent and firm support for peace in his speeches made him very popular in the last year of the war.
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Károlyi began vigorous propaganda activities against the emerging Horthy regime. Károlyi mainly tried to negotiate with the creators of the hostile
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Menczer, Bela "Bela Kun and the Hungarian Revolution of 1919" pages 299–309 Volume XIX, Issue #5, May 1969, History Today Inc: London page 301.
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On 19 January 1919, Károlyi resigned as Prime Minister to concentrate exclusively on his duties as President of the Republic. He appointed
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the opposition Party of Independence, so he could participate in political life as a member of the House of representatives in parliament.
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World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
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and from 1947 to 1949 served as the Hungarian Ambassador to France. In 1949, he resigned in protest over the show trial and execution of
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At the same time, there existed various revolutionary councils, which were dominated by the Social Democrats, which were not unlike the
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still had more than 1,400,000 soldiers when Mihály Károlyi was designated as prime minister of Hungary. However, he took up the case of
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Hungary in the XX. century - Volume I: Politics and Society, Military history, Legislation - II. National Defense and Military Affairs
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Vassady, Bela. "The" Homeland Cause" as Stimulant to Ethnic Unity: The Hungarian-American Response to Károlyi's 1914 American Tour."
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Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Issue 3 of CHSP Hungarian authors series East European monographs
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Minister of Justice: Dénes Berinkey (19 January 1919 to 24 January 1919) later Sándor Nagy Juhász (24 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
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Károlyi was accused of inciting rebel soldiers to assassinate the former prime minister (and his main political opponent)
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763:, the Austrian psychologist—who had known the two politicians personally—wrote about the assassination of
288:; 4 March 1875 – 19 March 1955) was a Hungarian politician who served as a leader of the short-lived and unrecognized
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Magyarország a XX. században - I. Kötet: Politika és társadalom, hadtörténet, jogalkotás - II. Honvédelem és hadügyek
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Protest of the Transylvanian National Council against the occupation of Transylvania by Romania on 22 December 1918
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and his father soon remarried. His father considered Mihály unsuitable for a more serious career, because of his
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redevelopment of Kossuth Square, and transported to a foundry in Kőbánya, Finally Károlyi's statue was moved to
5059:
4978:
4857:
4738:
4538:
4370:
4196:
3797:
3422:
2906:
2436:
2396:
2371:
2346:
1685:
4638:
4090:
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4065:
3157:
3137:
1539:
1075:
5054:
1082:
754:
4030:
786:"he had many qualities, but unfortunately lacked those for which a man is taken seriously by serious people"
694:
President Mihaly Karolyi's speech after the proclamation of the First Hungarian Republic on 16 November 1918
438:
4547:
3964:
3614:
3042:
753:
if possible. Only after Charles's withdrawal from government on 16 November 1918 made Károlyi proclaim the
714:'s pacifist speech for military officers, and declaration of Hungarian self-disarmament on 2 November 1918.
4100:
781:, who had known Károlyi during his exile in Britain, when reviewing Károlyi's memoirs in 1957 noted that:
2833:
2580:
2241:"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp - A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt"
2076:"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp - A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt"
1197:
1033:
1446:
trial, sharp criticism of the proceedings and verdict was voiced in the British and French parliaments.
2695:
1423:
at the beginning of the Aster Revolution. According to historian Ferenc Pölöskei, when Prime Minister
426:
377:
360:, which deeply determined his entire childhood and personality development. His mother died early from
357:
5079:
4806:
5049:
3924:
3774:
3680:
3647:
3380:
3215:
3006:
2860:
1840:
Freud, Sigmund; Ferenczi, Sándor; Brabant, Eva; Falzeder, Ernst; Giampieri-Deutsch, Patrizia (1993).
1583:
1552:
1489:
1324:
1181:
622:
119:
4204:
3286:
1442:
1040:
4304:
3662:
3339:
3327:
3192:
1773:
1247:
519:, Károlyi was on his American tour, where he gave lectures at various universities with his friend
289:
3977:
2248:
3849:
2131:
2075:
1899:
1816:
1408:
1068:
on 5 November 1918, the Serbian army, with the help of the French army, crossed southern borders,
629:: instead he advocated friendship between the peoples and argued against war and supported a pro-
4496:
4345:
4299:
3333:
2659:
28:
4890:
4507:
3893:
3876:
2605:
1984:
Defeat and Disarmament, Allied Diplomacy and Politics of Military Affairs in Austria, 1918–1922
1382:
921:
Minister Without Portfolio for Nationalities: Oszkár Jászi (1 November 1918 to 19 January 1919)
889:(31 October 1918 to 22 December 1918); Sándor Juhász Nagy (22 December 1918 to 19 January 1919)
376:
of his family, his foster father, the world-view of uncle Sándor Károlyi, his adoration of the
4842:
4746:
4633:
4080:
4050:
4035:
4020:
3830:
3311:
3147:
1997:
1927:
3763:
2775:, Boulder: East European Quarterly; New York: distributed by Columbia University Press, 1976.
2125:
1982:
1116:
1112:
1078:
French-Serbian army crossed the Danube river and was poised to enter the Hungarian heartland,
1060:
as the new Minister for National Minorities of Hungary. During their brief periods in power,
827:(9 November 1918 to 12 December 1918); Mihály Károlyi (12 December 1918 to 29 December 1918;
373:
4953:
4920:
4822:
4781:
4648:
4628:
4095:
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1632:
140:
61:
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3132:
2880:
1347:. A provisional government was set up by Count Julius Karolyi (brother of Michael), Count
857:
835:
8:
4905:
4428:
4181:
3445:
2773:
Hungary between Wilson and Lenin: the Hungarian revolution of 1918–1919 and the Big Three
1366:
On 4 July 1919 Károlyi fled to Austria, later he moved to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
1312:
1142:
886:
4588:
3995:
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1718:
1657:
1548:
1176:
Additional trouble for the new government occurred over the question of the armistice.
1105:
1086:
273:
4998:
4963:
4910:
4801:
4668:
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4451:
4324:
4186:
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3050:
2899:
2517:. Magyar Nemzet Magazin, 2010. ápr. 24. (szombat). Hiv. beillesztése: 2010. július 29.
2503:
1343:
On 10 April 1919, "Romanian troops began to invade Hungary to forestall reconquest of
4751:
4708:
4699:
4618:
4608:
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2317:
2275:
2219:
2135:
2100:
2035:
2003:
1962:
1937:
1903:
1847:
1820:
1777:
1739:, Nagy-Magyarország (Történelmi Magazin), II. évf., 3. sz., (2010. június), 28–33. o.
1710:
1636:
1162:
1061:
1057:
900:
742:
496:
305:
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4000:
3750:
3460:
3360:
3296:
3205:
3177:
3152:
3122:
3107:
3087:
2870:
2429:
Hungary Between Wilson and Lenin: The Hungarian Revolution of 1918 and the Big Three
2389:
Hungary Between Wilson and Lenin: The Hungarian Revolution of 1918 and the Big Three
2364:
Hungary Between Wilson and Lenin: The Hungarian Revolution of 1918 and the Big Three
2339:
Hungary Between Wilson and Lenin: The Hungarian Revolution of 1918 and the Big Three
1424:
1348:
1315:
941:
933:
850:
180:
88:
4993:
4983:
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4796:
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4418:
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4284:
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3316:
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1493:
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317:
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4613:
4259:
4224:
3887:
3745:
3688:
3515:
3407:
3301:
3235:
3223:
3117:
2957:
2728:
Deak, Istvan "The Decline and Fall of Habsburg Hungary, 1914–18" pages 10–30 from
2025:
389:
112:
4948:
4575:
3987:
3882:
2938:
2829:
2823:
2764:
Menczer, Bela "Bela Kun and the Hungarian Revolution of 1919" pages 299–309 from
2702:
2584:
2510:
2197:
2188:
2094:
1889:
1806:
1177:
1094:
778:
666:
650:
595:
588:
516:
393:
365:
209:
5003:
4973:
4938:
4880:
4875:
4865:
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4378:
4120:
4105:
4085:
4070:
3899:
3820:
3782:
3550:
3530:
3520:
3470:
3370:
3355:
3167:
3142:
1420:
1399:, Masaryk and Beneš, as well as with the Austrian Social Democratic Chancellor,
764:
635:
500:
488:
4847:
4565:
4471:
2021:
1923:
1396:
1352:
1281:
1123:
For their part, the neighboring countries used the so-called "struggle against
1098:
1090:
989:
915:
904:
893:
646:
630:
584:
520:
4988:
4943:
4885:
4476:
4388:
4383:
4355:
4314:
3870:
3860:
3815:
3430:
3412:
3182:
2853:
1146:
1049:
999:
954:
908:
870:
820:
711:
579:
and then returned home. On his way home to the Kingdom of Hungary, he crossed
168:
5018:
4832:
4703:
4555:
4151:
4110:
3622:
3545:
3064:
2975:
1714:
1138:
1015:
Minister for German minority: János Junker (19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
947:
824:
760:
670:
626:
20:
4870:
4689:
4294:
4229:
4219:
4209:
4010:
3575:
3321:
3291:
2920:
1843:
The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, Volume 2: 1914-1919
1012:
Minister for Rusyn minority: Oreszt Szabó (19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
982:
968:
876:
4958:
4423:
2296:
Hungarian Revolutionary Movements of 1918–19 and the History of the Red War
1999:
The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923
1879:
edited by Ivan Volgyes Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971 page 49.
1460:
1344:
1289:
1260:
1243:
875:
Minister of Finance: Mihály Károlyi (31 October 1918 to 25 November 1918);
361:
45:
4776:
4413:
3475:
1407:
Soviet Red Army was unexpectedly defeated by Marshal Pilsudski in August (
1127:", against the capitalist and liberal government of Count Mihály Károlyi.
669:, who crashed due to a technical fault while testing an aircraft over the
4766:
4718:
4694:
4264:
4254:
4161:
4025:
3694:
3395:
3228:
2121:
1400:
1335:
1006:
946:
Minister of Foreign Affairs: (19 January 1919 to 24 January 1919); later
381:
336:
4166:
4156:
2800:
2740:
1722:
1698:
1522:
1320:
767:
and the appointment of Mihály Károlyi as new prime minister of Hungary:
510:
4433:
4269:
3525:
2783:
2723:
1535:
1269:
961:
864:
846:
839:
3954:
1750:
A Károlyi-kultusz nyomában (történelmi mítosz a hatalom szolgálatában)
1737:
A Károlyi-kultusz nyomában (történelmi mítosz a hatalom szolgálatában)
1221:
1157:
the government that consisted of his party in alliance with the large
1101:
back to German territory and Allies to have access to these countries.
4403:
3450:
3440:
2718:
Deak, Istvan. "Budapest and the Hungarian Revolutions of 1918-1919."
1933:
1485:
1456:
1274:
1234:
1230:
1124:
1104:
on 13 November, the Romanian army crossed the eastern borders of the
576:
480:
1544:
1085:, under which they had to immediately withdraw all German troops in
408:
One of his grandmother's castle complex of Fót, where Mihály grew up
2809:
edited by Ivan Volgyes Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971.
2805:
Vermes, Gabor "The October Revolution In Hungary" pages 31–60 from
2732:
edited by Ivan Volgyes Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971.
1309:
1193:
1044:
749:
Károlyi would have preferred to keep the monarchy and some link to
662:
621:
In his parliamentary speeches, Károlyi opposed the alliance of the
563:
558:
349:
1071:
on 8 November, the Czechoslovak Army crossed the northern borders,
4930:
4443:
3840:
3500:
2578:
1526:
Károlyi's statue where it stood on Lajos Kossuth Square, Budapest
750:
4537:
2735:
Hajdu, Tibor. "Michael Károlyi and the Revolutions of 1918–19."
1414:
1150:
1476:, Károlyi was in a state of official disgrace in his homeland.
1370:
1360:
1265:
1036:
which accelerated and secured the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
572:
331:
225:
1385:, and the tone of the subsequent articles became even harsher:
914:
Minister Without Portfolio for Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia:
205:
1756:(Történelmi Magazin), II. évf. 3. sz. (2010. jún.); 28–33. o.
1511:
1196:
with the Allied Commander in the Balkans, the French General
1189:
1185:
1134:
580:
568:
221:
2034:] (in Hungarian). Vol. 1. Szekszárd: Babits Kiadó.
1839:
278:
gróf nagykárolyi Károlyi Mihály Ádám György Miklós
2119:
1621:
1285:
348:
The Károlyi family were an illustrious, extremely wealthy,
645:
In January 1918, Károlyi proclaimed himself a follower of
515:
In 1914, at the time of the assassination of Crown Prince
2768:
Volume XIX, Issue #5, May 1969, History Today Inc: London
2431:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 139–141.
2093:
Severin, Adrian; Gherman, Sabin; Lipcsey, Ildiko (2006).
557:
On August 5, when the war broke out, his ship arrived in
2061:
Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination)
2057:"A belgrádi fegyverszünet megkötése - 1918. november 13"
5105:
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1945–1947)
2391:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 44–66.
2366:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 82–84.
2127:
The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law
1875:
Vermes, Gabor "The October Revolution In Hungary" from
1374:
2316:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 364.
1611:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 157–158.
479:
Károlyi gradually became more progressive, leaning to
2314:
The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat
2092:
2059:[The Belgrade Armistice - 13 November 1918].
1220:
Károlyi distributing his lands among the peasants in
583:
at a time when Italy had not yet declared war on the
511:
World War I, political campaign for the Allied Powers
270:
Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly
2966:
Chairman of the Hungarian Central Executive Council
2341:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 67.
1145:. Romanian forces were permitted to advance to the
741:political opponent of Mihály Károlyi's government.
5040:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
2756:Memoirs of Michael Karolyi: faith without illusion
2515:(Károlyi Mihály útja a kisantanttól a Kominternig)
2489:, Rev. Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 1014.
1449:
1369:Finally, in late 1919, Károlyi went into exile in
1284:which had cut Hungary off from supplies of German
676:
25:gróf nagykárolyi Károlyi Mihály Ádám György Miklós
2712:
1987:. Associated University Presses 1986. p. 34.
1742:
1303:
1137:and Croatia. Czechoslovak forces took control of
5016:
2747:Fighting the World : The Struggle for Peace
2416:. London: Ernest Benn Limited. pp. 115–116.
1699:"Michael Károlyi and the Revolutions of 1918–19"
1662:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1484:In 1946, Károlyi, who by that time had become a
2737:Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
1888:
1805:
1769:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron
1703:Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
392:flew the plane to Hungary that had crossed the
5100:Hungarian people of the Hungarian–Romanian War
3005:
594:Károlyi was opposed to the involvement in the
4523:
3940:
3605:
3591:
2991:
2749:(New York: Albert & Charles Boni, 1925).
1514:, France, on 19 March 1955 at the age of 80.
1415:Charge of inciting the murder of István Tisza
2557:Burgenland az európai politikában, 1918-1921
2213:
2096:Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century
1463:acted as Károlyi's lawyer for these issues.
300:between 16 November 1918 and 21 March 1919.
2635:"Jews from Hungary: New German Obstruction"
1149:. However, on 14 November, Serbia occupied
4530:
4516:
3947:
3933:
3598:
3584:
2998:
2984:
2288:
2190:The Belgrade Armistice of 13 November 1918
2019:
1990:
1975:
1645:. Archived from the original on 2023-09-14
1499:He wrote two volumes of memoirs in exile;
1308:On 20 March 1919 the French presented the
812:(From 31 October 1918 to 19 January 1919)
132:31 October 1918 – 11 January 1919
44:
2526:
2411:
2274:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 1824.
1961:. Social Science Monographs. p. 62.
1765:
1503:("Against the Entire World") in 1925 and
1161:and the small Civic Radical Party led by
473:
74:16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919
2830:Newspaper clippings about Mihály Károlyi
2792:, Astor Park. Fla., Danubian Press 1971.
2778:Polanyi, Karl. "Count Michael Károlyi."
2247:. Mediaworks Hungary Zrt. Archived from
2124:; Peter, Simone; Högger, Daniel (2012).
2002:. Palgrave Macmillan 2008. p. 156.
1521:
1334:
1280:Making things worse was the creation of
1206:
1167:
717:
697:
680:
330:
326:
200:Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly
3956:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Hungary
2530:Exil v Praze a Československu 1918-1938
2311:
2269:
2214:Király, Béla K.; Pastor, Peter (1988).
1956:
1922:
1435:
1296:new law were scheduled for April 1919.
907:(31 October 1918 to 12 November 1918);
838:(31 October 1918 to 12 December 1918);
5017:
2451:
2426:
2386:
2361:
2336:
2238:
2216:War and Society in East Central Europe
2073:
1622:József Galántai; Mark Goodman (1989).
1606:
903:(31 October 1918 to 1 November 1918);
849:(31 October 1918 to 3 November 1918);
823:(31 October 1918 to 9 November 1918);
796:described Károlyi's leadership noting:
656:
296:between 1 and 16 November 1918 and as
16:President of Hungary from 1918 to 1919
4511:
3928:
3579:
2979:
2497:
2495:
2202:The Slavonic and East European Review
2054:
1696:
911:(9 November 1918 to 12 December 1918)
896:(12 December 1918 to 19 January 1919)
879:(25 November 1918 to 19 January 1919)
842:(12 December 1918 to 19 January 1919)
831:(29 December 1918 to 19 January 1919)
777:In the same vein, the British writer
2612:
2553:
2099:. CorvinusPublications. p. 24.
1602:
1600:
1253:
1242:been overwhelmed with refugees from
918:(6 November 1918 to 19 January 1919)
885:Minister of Religion and Education:
860:(31 October 1918 to 1 November 1918)
853:(3 November 1918 to 19 January 1919)
807:
552:Magyarország magazine, July 11, 1914
282:Michael Adam George Nicholas Károlyi
2820:Mihály Graf Károlyi von Nagykárolyi
2272:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia
1895:November 1918 The German Revolution
1812:November 1918 The German Revolution
1686:Kozák Erna: Az igazi Károlyi Mihály
1381:difficult situation because of the
1111:on 13 November, Károlyi signed the
1018:Minister of Agrarian land reforms:
925:
538:Magyarország magazine, July 4, 1914
236:National Independence Kossuth Party
13:
2797:Journal of American Ethnic History
2492:
2163:, 11 November 1918, archived from
2148:
2080:VEOL - Veszprém Vármegye Hírportál
1022:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
1009:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
1002:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
992:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
985:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
978:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
971:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
964:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
957:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
950:(24 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
930:(19 January 1919 to 21 March 1919)
14:
5116:
2813:
2780:Slavonic and East European Review
2720:Slavonic and East European Review
2620:THE CABINET: Law and Discretion,
1597:
1551:and for the establishment of the
1159:Hungarian Social Democratic Party
1026:
456:Károlyi-palota, Budapest downtown
5090:Ambassadors of Hungary to France
3566:indicates interim officeholders.
2948:Provisional President of Hungary
2826: (archived October 27, 2009)
2790:Revolutionary Hungary, 1918–1921
2696:Taking a stand on Kossuth square
2481:Penfield Roberts, "Hungary", in
2302:Budapest 1929. pp. 115–116.
1005:Minister of Welfare and Labour:
892:Minister of Welfare and Labour:
461:
449:
437:
425:
413:
401:
292:from 1918 to 1919. He served as
4539:Ministers of Finance of Hungary
3915:indicates acting officeholders.
2689:
2664:
2653:
2627:
2598:
2589:
2568:
2547:
2520:
2475:
2445:
2420:
2405:
2380:
2355:
2330:
2305:
2263:
2232:
2207:
2181:
2113:
2086:
2067:
2048:
2022:"Ország hadsereg nélkül (1918)"
2013:
1950:
1916:
1882:
1869:
1860:
1833:
1799:
1790:
1759:
1505:Memoirs: Faith without Illusion
1466:
1450:Private life in interwar period
677:Leading the Democratic Republic
587:and was therefore considered a
483:orientation during his career.
2713:References and further reading
2595:Pölöskei Ferenc: I. m. 109. o.
2300:Main Events of the Károlyi Era
1766:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011).
1729:
1690:
1679:
1670:
1625:Hungary in the First World War
1615:
1588:
1575:
1566:
1538:, was installed in Budapest's
1304:Downfall of Károlyi government
1081:on 11 November Germany signed
816:Prime minister: Mihály Károlyi
1:
2533:. Pražská edice. p. 84.
2239:Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016).
2218:. Columbia University Press.
2074:Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016).
1373:and during World War Two, in
1330:
882:Minister of Food: Ferenc Nagy
755:Hungarian Democratic Republic
343:
5085:Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery
5075:Finance ministers of Hungary
5070:Foreign ministers of Hungary
1846:. Harvard University Press.
1559:
1363:(under French occupation)."
936:to form the new government.
899:Minister Without Portfolio:
77:Acting until 11 January 1919
31:when mentioning individuals.
7:
2888:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2834:20th Century Press Archives
2672:"Éjjel érkeztek Károlyiért"
1609:1913: The Defiant Swan Song
1479:
1319:with the Communists led by
1268:in 1917. This situation of
1264:(Councils) that existed in
1041:Hungarian Royal Honvéd army
284:; or in short simple form:
10:
5121:
5065:Prime ministers of Hungary
5035:Anti–World War I activists
3007:Prime ministers of Hungary
2487:An Encyclopedia of History
2020:Szijj, Jolán (1996–2000).
1172:Mihály Károlyi in a speech
960:Minister of the Interior:
856:King's Personal Minister:
834:Minister of the Interior:
378:1848 revolution in Hungary
358:cleft lip and cleft palate
18:
5095:Hungarian revolutionaries
4929:
4856:
4815:
4737:
4677:
4574:
4546:
4442:
4369:
4333:
4195:
4129:
3986:
3963:
3908:
3839:
3796:
3773:
3736:
3704:
3679:
3661:
3638:
3613:
3607:Heads of state of Hungary
3559:
3499:
3421:
3379:
3277:
3254:
3214:
3191:
3078:
3041:
3013:
2954:
2945:
2927:
2917:
2904:
2896:
2885:
2877:
2867:
2861:Prime Minister of Hungary
2858:
2850:
2845:
2758:(London: J. Cape, 1956).
2576:Károlyi Mihály emlékezete
2461:. ABC-CLIO. p. 867.
2412:Macartney, C. A. (1934).
1607:Cowles, Virginia (1967).
1553:Hungarian Soviet Republic
1517:
1441:disarmament of the large
1325:Hungarian Soviet Republic
1182:Armistice of villa Giusti
863:Minister of Agriculture:
623:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
468:Parádsasvár hunting lodge
281:
263:
251:
241:
231:
215:
195:
190:
186:
174:
162:
149:
136:
125:
120:Prime Minister of Hungary
118:
106:
94:
82:
67:
59:
55:
43:
36:
2739:10.3/4 (1964): 351–371.
2722:46.106 (1968): 129–140.
2527:Barvíková, Hana (2005).
1774:Fordham University Press
1198:Louis Franchet d'Esperey
1083:an armistice with Allies
1020:István Szabó de Nagyatád
499:and the social democrat
312:His half-brother, Count
290:First Hungarian Republic
27:. This article uses
19:The native form of this
5045:People from Pest County
2624:, Monday, Nov. 02, 1925
2270:Roberts, P. M. (1929).
2132:Oxford University Press
1957:Romsics, Ignác (2002).
1929:Europe Between the Wars
1900:Oxford University Press
1817:Oxford University Press
1095:Austro-Hungarian Empire
988:Minister of Education:
219:19 March 1955 (aged 80)
2554:Soós, Katalin (1971).
2427:Pastor, Peter (1976).
2387:Pastor, Peter (1976).
2362:Pastor, Peter (1976).
2337:Pastor, Peter (1976).
2312:Lendvai, Paul (2021).
1527:
1393:
1340:
1225:
1173:
1056:Károlyi had appointed
998:Minister of Commerce:
981:Minister of Religion:
869:Minister of Commerce:
805:
790:
775:
733:
715:
695:
661:On 7 November 1914 in
619:
613:
555:
541:
474:Early political career
340:
277:
5060:Presidents of Hungary
3764:High National Council
2807:Hungary in Revolution
2760:online free to borrow
2730:Hungary in Revolution
2204:January 1970, 48:110.
2196:26 April 2012 at the
1877:Hungary in Revolution
1735:Balogh Gábor (2010):
1525:
1501:Egy egész világ ellen
1387:
1338:
1219:
1171:
1113:Armistice of Belgrade
967:Minister of Finance:
953:Minister of Defense:
845:Minister of Justice:
819:Minister of Defense:
798:
783:
769:
731:
710:
693:
614:
604:
542:
528:
420:Fehérvárcsurgó Castle
374:anti-German sentiment
334:
327:Early life and career
5055:Hungarian socialists
2504:Elnök az előszobában
1676:Galántai (1989) p.59
1436:Charged with treason
62:President of Hungary
4931:Republic of Hungary
4444:Republic of Hungary
3640:Kingdom (1867–1918)
3279:Kingdom (1920–1946)
3080:Kingdom (1867–1918)
2907:Minister of Finance
2799:2.1 (1982): 39-64.
2170:on 23 November 2018
2120:Fassbender, Bardo;
1224:on 23 February 1919
1147:River Maros (Mureș)
1143:Carpathian Ruthenia
657:Marriage and family
444:Füzérradvány Castle
432:Nagymágocs - Palace
4576:Kingdom of Hungary
4548:Revolution of 1848
3988:Kingdom of Hungary
3965:Revolution of 1848
3706:Republic (1919–20)
3615:Revolution of 1848
3256:Republic (1919–20)
3243:Pattantyús-Ábrahám
3043:Revolution of 1848
2846:Political offices
2701:2014-04-08 at the
2606:"Miért viszik el?"
2583:2007-09-29 at the
2509:2014-12-17 at the
2453:Tucker, Spencer C.
2055:Tarján M., Tamás.
1697:Hajdú, T. (1964).
1528:
1341:
1226:
1174:
1106:Kingdom of Hungary
974:Minister of Food:
734:
716:
696:
341:
335:Mihály Károlyi in
101:Office Established
29:Western name order
5012:
5011:
4858:Communist Hungary
4816:Transition period
4807:Reményi-Schneller
4678:Transition period
4505:
4504:
4371:Communist Hungary
4334:Transition period
4305:Keresztes-Fischer
4130:Transition period
3922:
3921:
3798:People's Republic
3738:Kingdom (1920–46)
3573:
3572:
3423:People's Republic
3340:Keresztes-Fischer
3328:Keresztes-Fischer
3023:By length of term
2974:
2973:
2970:
2955:Succeeded by
2943:
2918:Succeeded by
2912:
2881:Tivadar Batthyány
2868:Succeeded by
2788:Szilassy, Sándor
2754:Károlyi, Mihály.
2745:Károlyi, Mihály.
2483:William L. Langer
2225:978-08-80-33137-1
1754:Nagy-Magyarország
1540:Kossuth Lajos tér
1254:Domestic politics
1217:
858:Tivadar Batthyány
836:Tivadar Batthyány
808:Károlyi's cabinet
729:
708:
691:
306:Treaty of Trianon
267:
266:
158:
145:
78:
5112:
5050:Hungarian exiles
4532:
4525:
4518:
4509:
4508:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3245:
3238:
3061:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2961:
2934:
2928:Preceded by
2910:
2897:Preceded by
2878:Preceded by
2851:Preceded by
2843:
2842:
2706:
2705:, Budapest Times
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2674:. Archived from
2668:
2662:
2660:A HVG tudósítása
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:. 22 August 1944
2631:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2608:. 29 April 2012.
2602:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2524:
2518:
2499:
2490:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2211:
2205:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2017:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1763:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1709:(3/4): 351–371.
1694:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1530:During the late
1409:Battle of Warsaw
1218:
940:Prime minister:
926:Berinkey cabinet
829:Sándor Festetics
743:King Charles IV.
738:Aster Revolution
730:
709:
692:
553:
539:
465:
453:
441:
429:
417:
405:
318:Aster Revolution
283:
246:Katinka Andrássy
191:Personal details
177:
165:
156:
144:(until Nov 1918)
143:
130:
109:
97:
85:
76:
72:
48:
34:
33:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
4925:
4852:
4811:
4733:
4673:
4570:
4542:
4536:
4506:
4501:
4438:
4365:
4329:
4205:Simonyi-Semadam
4191:
4125:
4091:Khuen-Héderváry
4076:Khuen-Héderváry
4066:Khuen-Héderváry
4016:Szőgyény-Marich
3982:
3959:
3953:
3923:
3918:
3904:
3835:
3792:
3775:Second Republic
3769:
3732:
3700:
3681:Soviet Republic
3675:
3657:
3634:
3609:
3604:
3574:
3569:
3555:
3495:
3417:
3381:Second Republic
3375:
3287:Simonyi-Semadam
3273:
3250:
3241:
3233:
3216:Soviet Republic
3210:
3187:
3158:Khuen-Héderváry
3138:Khuen-Héderváry
3074:
3055:
3037:
3009:
3004:
2960:
2951:
2939:King of Hungary
2933:
2923:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2900:Sándor Popovics
2891:
2883:
2873:
2864:
2856:
2824:Wayback Machine
2816:
2782:(1946): 92–97.
2771:Pastor, Peter,
2715:
2710:
2709:
2703:Wayback Machine
2694:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2585:Wayback Machine
2573:
2569:
2562:Akadémiai Kiadó
2552:
2548:
2541:
2525:
2521:
2511:Wayback Machine
2500:
2493:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2425:
2421:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2310:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2251:on 24 June 2021
2237:
2233:
2226:
2212:
2208:
2198:Wayback Machine
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2072:
2068:
2063:(in Hungarian).
2053:
2049:
2042:
2018:
2014:
1995:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:. p. 190.
1924:Kitchen, Martin
1921:
1917:
1910:
1890:Robert Gerwarth
1887:
1883:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1807:Robert Gerwarth
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1764:
1760:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1633:Akadémiai Kiadó
1628:
1620:
1616:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1549:Greater Hungary
1520:
1482:
1469:
1452:
1438:
1417:
1357:Archduke Joseph
1339:Károlyi in 1948
1333:
1306:
1256:
1207:
1180:had signed the
1178:Austria-Hungary
1074:on 10 November
1029:
931:
928:
810:
779:Harold Nicolson
718:
698:
681:
679:
667:Royal Air Force
659:
651:Fourteen Points
608:
607:
596:First World War
589:neutral country
554:
551:
547:
540:
537:
533:
517:Franz Ferdinand
513:
476:
469:
466:
457:
454:
445:
442:
433:
430:
421:
418:
409:
406:
394:English Channel
366:speech disorder
346:
329:
323:
286:Michael Károlyi
258:
256:
232:Political party
220:
210:Austria-Hungary
204:
202:
201:
175:
163:
131:
126:
107:
95:
83:
75:
73:
68:
51:
50:Károlyi in 1919
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5080:Károlyi family
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4512:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3843:
3841:Third Republic
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3663:First Republic
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3648:Francis Joseph
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3503:
3501:Third Republic
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3193:First Republic
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
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3072:
3067:
3062:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2956:
2953:
2944:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2871:Dénes Berinkey
2869:
2866:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2827:
2815:
2814:External links
2812:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2793:
2786:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2752:
2743:
2733:
2726:
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2708:
2707:
2688:
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2626:
2611:
2597:
2588:
2567:
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2519:
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2467:
2444:
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2419:
2404:
2397:
2379:
2372:
2354:
2347:
2329:
2322:
2304:
2287:
2280:
2262:
2231:
2224:
2206:
2180:
2147:
2140:
2134:. p. 41.
2112:
2105:
2085:
2066:
2047:
2040:
2012:
1989:
1974:
1967:
1949:
1942:
1915:
1908:
1902:. p. 65.
1881:
1868:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1825:
1819:. p. 65.
1798:
1789:
1782:
1758:
1748:Balogh Gábor:
1741:
1728:
1689:
1678:
1669:
1641:
1635:. p. 59.
1614:
1596:
1587:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1519:
1516:
1488:, returned to
1481:
1478:
1468:
1465:
1451:
1448:
1437:
1434:
1425:István Bethlen
1416:
1413:
1397:Little Entente
1353:Admiral Horthy
1349:István Bethlen
1332:
1329:
1316:Dénes Berinkey
1305:
1302:
1282:Czechoslovakia
1255:
1252:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1102:
1099:Russian Empire
1091:Ottoman Empire
1079:
1072:
1069:
1028:
1027:Foreign policy
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1003:
996:
993:
990:Zsigmond Kunfi
986:
979:
972:
965:
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951:
944:
942:Dénes Berinkey
934:Dénes Berinkey
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
916:Zsigmond Kunfi
912:
905:Zsigmond Kunfi
897:
894:Zsigmond Kunfi
890:
887:Márton Lovászy
883:
880:
873:
867:
861:
854:
851:Dénes Berinkey
843:
832:
817:
809:
806:
678:
675:
658:
655:
647:Woodrow Wilson
585:Central powers
549:
535:
521:Zsigmond Kunfi
512:
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475:
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431:
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345:
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328:
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314:József Károlyi
294:prime minister
265:
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181:Dénes Berinkey
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89:Dénes Berinkey
86:
84:Prime Minister
80:
79:
65:
64:
57:
56:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
38:Mihály Károlyi
37:
15:
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2958:Sándor Garbai
2950:
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2767:
2766:History Today
2763:
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2738:
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2725:
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2697:
2692:
2678:on 2013-10-16
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2577:
2574:Hajdu Tibor:
2571:
2564:. p. 14.
2563:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2540:9788086239118
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:Pethő Tibor:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2485:(1948), ed.,
2484:
2478:
2470:
2468:9781851099658
2464:
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2323:9780691200279
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2141:9780199599752
2137:
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2106:9781882785155
2102:
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2043:
2041:963-9015-08-3
2037:
2033:
2029:
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2023:
2016:
2009:
2008:9781137069689
2005:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1968:9780880335058
1964:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1943:9781317867531
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
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1911:
1909:9780192606334
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1853:9780674174191
1849:
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1826:9780192606334
1822:
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1783:9780823233434
1779:
1776:. p. 9.
1775:
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1139:Upper Hungary
1136:
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1128:
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1117:Allied Powers
1114:
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1103:
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1034:Italian Front
1021:
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948:Ferenc Harrer
945:
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826:
825:Albert Bartha
822:
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797:
795:
794:Lajos Hatvany
789:
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766:
762:
761:Sigmund Freud
758:
756:
752:
747:
744:
739:
713:
674:
672:
671:Isle of Wight
668:
664:
654:
652:
648:
643:
641:
640:Károlyi Party
637:
632:
628:
627:German Empire
624:
618:
612:
611:
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390:Louis Blériot
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157:(1918 - 1919)
155:
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117:
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113:Sándor Garbai
111:
105:
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99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
71:
66:
63:
58:
54:
47:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
21:personal name
4684:
4541:(since 1848)
4141:
4137:T. Batthyány
4116:T. Batthyány
4061:G. Széchényi
4051:M. Széchényi
3978:K. Batthyány
3912:
3892:
3875:
3848:
3762:
3755:
3725:
3718:
3693:
3670:
3627:
3563:
3508:
3400:
3388:
3338:
3326:
3200:
2963:
2962:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2905:
2886:
2859:
2806:
2796:
2789:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2755:
2746:
2736:
2729:
2719:
2691:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:the original
2666:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2639:The Guardian
2638:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2600:
2591:
2575:
2570:
2556:
2549:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2502:
2486:
2477:
2457:
2447:
2428:
2422:
2413:
2407:
2388:
2382:
2363:
2357:
2338:
2332:
2313:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2271:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2244:
2234:
2215:
2209:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2172:, retrieved
2165:the original
2156:
2150:
2126:
2122:Peters, Anne
2115:
2095:
2088:
2079:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2031:
2026:
2015:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1981:Dixon J. C.
1977:
1958:
1952:
1928:
1918:
1894:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1862:
1842:
1835:
1811:
1801:
1792:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1681:
1672:
1647:. Retrieved
1624:
1617:
1608:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1529:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1470:
1467:Anti-fascism
1461:Morris Ernst
1453:
1439:
1430:
1421:István Tisza
1418:
1405:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1383:White Terror
1379:
1368:
1365:
1345:Transylvania
1342:
1307:
1298:
1294:
1290:unemployment
1279:
1259:
1257:
1244:Transylvania
1240:
1227:
1202:
1175:
1163:Oszkár Jászi
1155:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1062:Oszkár Jászi
1058:Oszkár Jászi
1055:
1038:
1030:
976:Ernő Baloghy
929:
901:Oszkár Jászi
811:
800:
799:
791:
785:
784:
776:
771:
770:
765:István Tisza
759:
748:
735:
660:
644:
639:
636:István Tisza
620:
615:
609:
605:
600:
593:
556:
544:
543:
530:
529:
525:
514:
505:
501:Jenő Landler
497:Oszkár Jászi
493:
489:István Tisza
485:
477:
387:
370:
362:tuberculosis
355:
347:
339:around 1887.
322:
311:
302:
285:
269:
268:
203:4 March 1875
176:Succeeded by
153:
127:
108:Succeeded by
100:
69:
24:
5030:1955 deaths
5025:1875 births
4782:Wekerle Jr.
4752:Hegyeshalmi
4664:Wekerle Sr.
4644:Wekerle Sr.
4624:Wekerle Sr.
3234:opposed by
2854:János Hadik
2187:Krizman B.
2174:17 November
1510:He died in
1494:László Rajk
1401:Karl Renner
1089:and in the
1076:d'Espérey's
1050:Béla Linder
1007:Gyula Peidl
1000:Ernő Garami
955:Vilmos Böhm
909:Béla Linder
871:Ernő Garami
821:Béla Linder
712:Béla Linder
382:Jules Verne
337:Franzensbad
280:; English:
169:János Hadik
164:Preceded by
96:Preceded by
5019:Categories
4984:Draskovics
4787:G. Károlyi
4685:M. Károlyi
4492:Navracsics
4452:Jeszenszky
4260:G. Károlyi
4250:Scitovszky
4142:M. Károlyi
3958:since 1848
3653:Charles IV
3302:G. Károlyi
3236:G. Károlyi
3201:M. Károlyi
2952:1918–1919
2921:Pál Szende
2892:1918–1919
2865:1918–1919
2682:2012-09-17
2438:0914710133
2398:0914710133
2373:0914710133
2348:0914710133
2157:Convention
1649:2023-09-14
1536:Imre Varga
1474:Horthy era
1331:Later life
1270:Dual Power
1184:(close to
983:János Vass
969:Pál Szende
962:Vince Nagy
877:Pál Szende
865:Barna Buza
847:Barna Buza
840:Vince Nagy
344:Early life
141:Charles IV
4964:Medgyessy
4911:Medgyessy
4634:Fejérváry
4589:Kerkapoly
4561:Batthyány
4497:Szijjártó
4394:Boldóczki
4346:Gyöngyösi
4290:Is. Csáky
4235:M. Bánffy
4215:Im. Csáky
4081:Fejérváry
4046:D. Bánffy
4036:Fejérváry
4021:Fejérváry
4001:Wenckheim
3996:Festetics
3973:Esterházy
3806:Szakasits
3788:Szakasits
3720:Friedrich
3541:Gyurcsány
3536:Medgyessy
3264:Friedrich
3173:Esterházy
3148:Fejérváry
3108:Wenckheim
3051:Batthyány
3028:Graphical
2931:Károly IV
2294:Breit J.
1996:Sharp A.
1934:Routledge
1715:0001-5849
1658:cite book
1560:Footnotes
1532:Kádár era
1507:in 1954.
1486:socialist
1457:Communist
1275:inflation
1235:Yugoslavs
1231:Romanians
1125:communism
1115:with the
673:in 1939.
577:Barcelona
481:left-wing
298:president
274:Hungarian
150:President
128:In office
70:In office
5004:M. Varga
4999:Matolcsy
4974:M. Varga
4916:Villányi
4901:Faluvégi
4828:Oltványi
4695:J. Varga
4669:Popovics
4654:Teleszky
4487:Martonyi
4462:Martonyi
4429:Várkonyi
4351:Mihályfi
4300:Bárdossy
4240:Daruváry
4187:Somssich
4147:Berinkey
4106:I. Tisza
4071:I. Tisza
4031:Andrássy
4026:L. Tisza
4006:K. Tisza
3821:Losonczi
3334:Bárdossy
3206:Berinkey
3168:I. Tisza
3143:I. Tisza
3113:K. Tisza
3088:Andrássy
2699:Archived
2581:Archived
2507:Archived
2455:(2014).
2194:Archived
1926:(2014).
1892:(2020).
1809:(2020).
1723:42554748
1480:Post WW2
1321:Béla Kun
1310:Vix Note
1194:Belgrade
1097:and the
1045:pacifism
663:Budapest
625:and the
617:service.
564:Bordeaux
559:Le Havre
550:—
536:—
350:Catholic
252:Children
4906:Hetényi
4843:Nyárádi
4802:Fabinyi
4792:Korányi
4772:Korányi
4757:Bethlen
4747:Hegedüs
4739:Regency
4729:Korányi
4714:Miákits
4709:Székely
4704:Lengyel
4700:Székely
4639:Hegedűs
4614:Szapáry
4566:Duschek
4556:Kossuth
4472:Somogyi
4409:Horváth
4399:Horváth
4325:Hennyey
4320:Sztójay
4245:Bethlen
4197:Regency
4182:Lovászy
4177:Tánczos
4172:Ágoston
4111:Roszner
3913:Italics
3871:Schmitt
3751:Szálasi
3671:Károlyi
3623:Kossuth
3564:Italics
3461:Münnich
3451:I. Nagy
3446:Hegedüs
3441:I. Nagy
3408:Dinnyés
3396:F. Nagy
3361:Szálasi
3356:Lakatos
3351:Sztójay
3312:Darányi
3297:Bethlen
3178:Wekerle
3153:Wekerle
3123:Wekerle
3118:Szapáry
3070:Szemere
3065:Kossuth
3033:Records
2836:of the
2832:in the
2822:at the
2414:Hungary
2245:veol.hu
1490:Hungary
1375:Britain
1261:Soviets
1248:Galicia
1222:Kápolna
1087:Romania
751:Austria
631:Entente
154:Himself
137:Monarch
4979:László
4959:Bokros
4954:Békesi
4921:Békesi
4833:Gordon
4823:Vásáry
4797:Imrédy
4762:Kállay
4690:Szende
4649:Lukács
4629:Lukács
4599:Ghyczy
4594:Szlávy
4584:Lónyay
4482:Balázs
4467:Kovács
4457:Kovács
4389:Molnár
4379:Kállai
4356:Molnár
4341:Kemény
4315:Ghyczy
4310:Kállay
4295:Teleki
4285:Imrédy
4275:Gömbös
4230:Teleki
4220:Teleki
4210:Teleki
4162:Pogány
4152:Harrer
4101:Burián
4096:Lukács
4041:Jósika
3900:Sulyok
3866:Sólyom
3850:Szűrös
3831:Straub
3826:Németh
3757:Miklós
3746:Horthy
3727:Huszár
3689:Garbai
3629:Görgei
3546:Bajnai
3521:Boross
3516:Antall
3510:Németh
3491:Németh
3471:Kállai
3436:Rákosi
3402:Rákosi
3390:Rákosi
3366:Miklós
3346:Kállay
3322:Teleki
3317:Imrédy
3307:Gömbös
3292:Teleki
3269:Huszár
3224:Garbai
3163:Lukács
3128:Bánffy
3098:Szlávy
3093:Lónyay
3058:Récsey
2911:Acting
2801:online
2784:online
2741:online
2724:online
2645:18 May
2537:
2465:
2435:
2395:
2370:
2345:
2320:
2278:
2222:
2138:
2103:
2038:
2006:
1965:
1940:
1906:
1850:
1823:
1780:
1721:
1713:
1639:
1545:Siófok
1518:Legacy
1443:Honvéd
1371:France
1361:Szeged
1355:, and
1266:Russia
1233:, the
1093:, the
792:Baron
573:Madrid
242:Spouse
226:France
4994:Oszkó
4989:Veres
4969:Járai
4949:Szabó
4939:Rabár
4896:Vályi
4891:Tímár
4886:Nyers
4881:Antos
4876:Kossa
4866:Kossa
4767:Walko
4724:Grünn
4719:Peidl
4659:Gratz
4619:Tisza
4609:Tisza
4604:Széll
4477:Göncz
4419:Péter
4280:Kánya
4265:Walko
4255:Walko
4225:Gratz
4121:Zichy
4086:Zichy
4056:Széll
4011:Orczy
3894:Kövér
3888:Novák
3877:Kövér
3856:Göncz
3811:Rónai
3783:Tildy
3695:Peidl
3551:Orbán
3531:Orbán
3486:Grósz
3481:Lázár
3466:Kádár
3456:Kádár
3371:Tildy
3229:Peidl
3183:Hadik
3133:Széll
3103:Bittó
2915:1918
2255:4 May
2168:(PDF)
2161:(PDF)
2030:[
1719:JSTOR
1629:(PDF)
1556:him.
1512:Vence
1190:Italy
1186:Padua
1135:Banat
581:Italy
569:Genoa
259:Judit
257:Ádám
222:Vence
4944:Kupa
4848:Gerő
4838:Rácz
4702:and
4434:Horn
4424:Puja
4404:Nagy
4384:Kiss
4361:Rajk
4270:Puky
3883:Áder
3861:Mádl
3816:Dobi
3526:Horn
3476:Fock
3431:Dobi
3413:Dobi
3018:List
2647:2021
2622:Time
2535:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2257:2020
2220:ISBN
2176:2017
2136:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1711:ISSN
1664:link
1637:ISBN
1286:coal
1246:and
1151:Pécs
1141:and
1039:The
575:and
571:via
255:Éva
216:Died
196:Born
60:1st
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