136:
31:
604:
616:
1052:) and the order of the names on the lists suggests that the migration may have taken place in a number of smaller groups rather than two large parties, while the appearance of the two lists reflected the controversies surrounding the assignment of priority on official registers during the reign of the second
1115:
and ate corpses. We committed all types of disgraceful acts and did not pay our due obligations to neighbours and relatives. The strong man of us suppressed the weak by power. Then Allah raised a prophet among us whose nobility, righteousness, good character and pure life were well-known to us. He
1191:
However, one of the envoys, ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, thought of an alternative tactic. On the following day, he returned to the king and told him that the
Muslims had disrespected Jesus. When the Muslims heard that the king had summoned them again to question them about their view of Jesus, they tried to
1099:
migrants were rebels who had invented a new religion, the likes of which neither the
Meccans nor the Aksumites had heard of, and that their relatives were asking for their return. The king granted them an audience, but ultimately refused to hand over the migrants until he heard their defence.
1196:". Muslim accounts state that upon hearing these words, the Negus declared that Jesus was indeed no more than what he had said; he turned to the Muslims and told them: "go, for you are safe in my country". He then returned the gifts to the envoys and dismissed them.
1128:, the divine revelation. When we believed in him and acted upon his nice teachings, our people began to persecute us and to subject us to torture. When their cruelties exceeded all bounds, we took shelter in your country by the permission of our prophet.
1192:
find a diplomatic answer, but ultimately decided to speak according to the revelation they had received. When the king addressed Jaʽfar, he replied that they held Jesus to be "God's servant, His prophet, His spirit, and His word which He cast upon the
1124:; to shun everything foul and to avoid bloodshed. He forbade adultery, lewdness, telling lies, misappropriating the orphan’s heritage, bringing false accusation against others and all other indecent things to that sort. He taught us the
1733:
He is father of Zainab and a father-in-law of
Muhammad. In some accounts relating to Sahabahs in China, he (Jahsh) is noted as Geys. Muslims of Chams (Cambodiya) trace ancestry to a father-in-law of Muhammad, who is Jahsh (Geys). See
1120:, and exerted us to give up idolatry and stone worship. He taught us to speak the truth, to fulfill the promise, to regard the rights of relatives and neighbours. He forbade us from indecency; asked us to offer prayer and pay
66:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1041:
provided two partially overlapping lists of migrants, he did not mention that the first group returned and went back a second time. Watt argued that the word used by Ibn Ishaq (
850:
shall relieve you from your distress." Thereupon his companions went to
Abyssinia, being afraid of apostasy and fleeing to God with their religion. This was the first hijra in
845:, he said to them: "If you were to go to Abyssinia (it would be better for you), for the king will not tolerate injustice and it is a friendly country, until such time as
43:
1540:
3516:
1022:) according to other sources, this time accompanied by other newly-founded Muslims, with the migrant group comprising 83 men and 18 women in total.
69:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1688:
2842:
792:
2970:
2869:
1801:
1544:
1095:
and his generals. The gifts were made up of leather and prepared by fine skin. The
Meccans appealed to the generals, arguing that the
3192:
2676:
2425:
3415:
3352:
3056:
2633:
2852:
1361:
322:
3481:
3471:
3073:
1525:
3486:
2812:
2785:
1307:
466:
3441:
2689:
2342:
646:
77:
2886:
2486:
1718:
1610:
1579:
1452:
1418:
1391:
431:
346:
211:
90:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
3106:
2857:
2822:
3063:
2937:
2182:
3511:
3212:
3068:
3044:
2864:
2470:
1992:
1794:
1752:
1112:
860:
459:
393:
3322:
3303:
3177:
3083:
3022:
2932:
2917:
2669:
2070:
1836:
1356:
1336:
369:
127:
20:
3241:
3126:
3121:
2735:
2491:
1949:
986:, the group boarded a merchant ship from the sea port of Shuʽaiba and paid a half-dinar each to cross into
3347:
3332:
3298:
1826:
513:
426:
364:
99:
3258:
3051:
2987:
2942:
2922:
2847:
2795:
2154:
1150:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3476:
3273:
3202:
3164:
3027:
2977:
2927:
2790:
1821:
1787:
1281:
1261:
908:
892:
842:
708:
508:
223:
3310:
3263:
3253:
3222:
2957:
2881:
2740:
2662:
2526:
2115:
1831:
1341:
85:
3315:
3197:
3187:
3159:
3111:
3088:
2802:
2777:
1444:
1251:
1104:
911:, there were two migrations, although there are differences of opinion with regard to the dates.
876:
571:
473:
1954:
3293:
3034:
2762:
2337:
2330:
1867:
1857:
1275:
1265:
1236:
963:
867:, many believers saw a potential danger to the community as they were not the partisans of the
673:
639:
491:
454:
141:
1569:
1408:
1006:. Confronted with the opposite reality, they set out for the Aksumite kingdom again in 6
859:
Another view, grounded in the political developments of the time, suggests that following the
3327:
3268:
3227:
3078:
3039:
2982:
2896:
2607:
2460:
2137:
1704:
1438:
1318:
1193:
1169:
764:
478:
408:
106:
1381:
3405:
3390:
3342:
3207:
3098:
3010:
2947:
2817:
2705:
2587:
2536:
1302:
979:
787:
of the kingdom; modern historians have alternatively identified him with the
Aksumite king
382:
8:
3434:
3367:
3278:
3217:
3147:
3116:
2965:
2909:
2832:
2807:
2730:
2697:
2602:
2572:
2369:
2364:
2224:
1297:
1292:
1246:
1134:
999:
824:
732:
564:
329:
298:
891:
recalls the
Aksumite foreign policy of the previous century, which saw Aksum and Persia
3288:
3182:
2720:
2562:
2244:
2234:
2172:
1926:
1906:
1896:
1034:
975:
576:
401:
315:
3450:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3380:
3357:
2992:
2747:
2643:
2638:
2597:
2582:
2557:
2541:
2531:
2511:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2440:
2320:
2090:
2042:
2032:
2027:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1714:
1606:
1575:
1521:
1448:
1414:
1387:
1286:
919:
896:
880:
712:
632:
449:
305:
281:
255:
81:
3283:
2767:
2757:
2725:
2715:
2612:
2521:
2435:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2374:
2315:
2274:
2187:
2085:
2047:
2002:
1916:
1810:
1660:
1622:
1477:
1205:
1080:
1015:
1007:
947:
931:
923:
884:
820:
812:
756:
748:
744:
728:
620:
588:
581:
269:
183:
157:
149:
1091:
and
Abdullah bin Rabiah. The Meccan envoys were given gifts for the Aksumite king
982:, one of his most important companions, as the leader of this group. According to
135:
2772:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2430:
2409:
2289:
2264:
2249:
2197:
2177:
2149:
2110:
2095:
2012:
1241:
951:
915:
868:
864:
664:
333:
3384:
3169:
3131:
2617:
2577:
2516:
2389:
2356:
2325:
2219:
2214:
2192:
2132:
2105:
2037:
1974:
1154:
872:
3506:
3465:
3375:
2752:
2445:
2284:
2202:
2125:
2120:
2075:
2052:
2022:
1997:
1931:
1602:
1088:
1030:
1026:
819:
faced persecution, which prompted
Muhammad to advise them to seek refuge in
2379:
2352:
2279:
2254:
1877:
1683:
847:
608:
503:
1654:
1471:
2592:
2384:
2017:
1872:
1735:
1710:
1176:). When the king heard it, he wept and exclaimed: "Verily, this and what
987:
983:
518:
3337:
2874:
2837:
2259:
2209:
1941:
1312:
1146:
1138:
1019:
1011:
935:
927:
760:
752:
88:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2239:
2229:
2007:
1888:
1229:
1103:
The Sahaba were later brought in front of the Negus and his bishops.
1069:
1038:
834:
2654:
1760:
1753:"Authentic History of King Negash of Abyssinia (Currently Ethiopia)"
1087:
to demand the surrender of the fugitives. They selected two envoys:
2685:
2567:
2299:
2100:
2080:
1862:
1852:
1779:
1269:
1053:
971:
955:
736:
704:
289:
2303:
2144:
2062:
1984:
1345:
1107:, who acted as the leader of the exiles, spoke in their defence:
1096:
1092:
1076:
995:
991:
959:
939:
830:
799:
with Muhammad, while the others remained in Aksum and arrived in
788:
768:
740:
716:
536:
498:
236:
153:
2710:
63:
2164:
1351:
1257:
1217:
1213:
1181:
1117:
1037:(1909–2006) questioned the account of two migrations. Although
967:
888:
800:
796:
546:
341:
310:
2307:
2269:
1209:
1177:
1125:
1121:
1084:
1003:
943:
851:
816:
784:
724:
720:
700:
389:
251:
247:
145:
1079:
learned that the early Muslims were planning to move to the
1068:
Much of the coverage of this event comes from the historian
795:. Some of the Sahabah exiles returned to Mecca and made the
2827:
1057:
978:
after Muhammad's death. Prior to the exile, Muhammad chose
541:
265:
1706:
The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500 - 1000
938:) according to other sources, and was granted asylum by
1436:
1518:
The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam
918:, which comprised twelve men and four women, who fled
1406:
1383:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume I: Nubia and Abyssinia
778:
694:
678:
59:
703:, where the first followers of the Islamic prophet
1501:
1379:
1232:included the following eleven men and four women:
994:. After a year, the exiles heard rumours that the
811:According to the traditional view, members of the
1153:. Jaʽfar then recited a passage from the Quran's
1111:O king, we were a wicked and ignorant people who
767:who received them is known in Islamic sources as
3463:
1689:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources
1567:
887:at precisely a moment of Persian triumph in the
1410:Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
1278:, the wife of Uthman and daughter of Muhammad.
823:. The earliest extant account is given in the
84:accompanying your translation by providing an
50:Click for important translation instructions.
42:expand this article with text translated from
2670:
1795:
1702:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
727:. They sought and were granted refuge in the
640:
1682:
1665:. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–153.
1541:"The Two Migrations of Muslims to Abyssinia"
1506:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–111.
772:
688:
1535:
1533:
1216:with Muhammad, while a second wave went to
1158:
883:. The acceptance of these Muslims into the
2677:
2663:
1802:
1788:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1545:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
1486:
1432:
1430:
1199:
1184:) has come from the same source of light (
962:. This group included Muhammad's daughter
699:), was an episode in the early history of
647:
633:
134:
3517:Christian and Islamic interfaith dialogue
2426:Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent
1653:
1593:
1591:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1574:. Oxford University Press. p. 351.
1563:
1561:
1530:
1228:The first list of emigrants reported by
1640:
1482:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
1427:
1223:
841:When the apostle saw the affliction of
3464:
1623:"First Hijrah: Migration to Abyssinia"
1588:
1461:
1362:Timeline of 7th-century Muslim history
1149:king requested their revelations from
156:delegation's request to surrender the
2684:
2658:
1783:
1669:
1558:
16:Episode in the early history of Islam
2255:Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans)
1809:
1745:
1308:Abu Salama Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Asad
24:
1692:. Inner Traditions. pp. 81–84.
1326:Layla bint Abi Asmah – wife of Amir
1050: 'followed one after another'
1046:
1002:, which prompted them to return to
902:
773:
711:, or the companions) migrated from
689:
668:
96:{{Translated|ar|الهجرة إلى الحبشة}}
13:
2260:Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans)
1380:E. A. Wallis Budge (Aug 1, 2014).
198:) or Hijrah il-al-Habshah (
14:
3528:
2487:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia
1520:. Oxford University Press, 2013.
1133:Jaʽfar ibn Abi Talib, in the
1878:Second Islamic civil war (Fitna)
1437:William Montgomery Watt (1961).
1083:, they sent a delegation to the
735:that was situated in modern-day
715:due to their persecution by the
614:
602:
140:1314 manuscript illustration by
29:
1873:First Islamic civil war (Fitna)
1727:
1696:
1615:
1440:Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman
1571:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1568:John L. Esposito, ed. (2003).
1510:
1407:M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988).
1400:
1373:
875:and had earlier supported the
94:You may also add the template
1:
1837:Historiography of early Islam
1367:
1357:Second migration to Abyssinia
1337:Diplomatic career of Muhammad
970:, who would later become the
806:
128:diplomatic career of Muhammad
21:Diplomatic career of Muhammad
3482:Medieval history of Ethiopia
3472:History of Islam in Ethiopia
2492:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
7:
3487:Medieval history of Somalia
2843:Federal Democratic Republic
1827:Timeline of Islamic history
1502:W. Montgomery Watt (1980).
1386:. Routledge. pp. vii.
1330:
1063:
954:that existed in modern-day
861:capture of Jerusalem in 614
779:
695:
679:
514:Hadith of the pen and paper
227:: Eleven men and four women
10:
3533:
2155:Federation of South Arabia
212:persecution by the Quraysh
58:Machine translation, like
18:
3428:
3366:
3249:
3240:
3155:
3146:
3097:
3018:
3009:
2956:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2696:
2626:
2550:
2479:
2418:
2351:
2298:
2163:
2116:Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo
2061:
1983:
1940:
1886:
1845:
1817:
261:
243:
231:
217:
206:
199:
195:
190:
178:
170:
169:
165:
133:
125:
44:the corresponding article
2865:War in Somalia (2006–09)
2634:Islamic Republic of Iran
1342:Mosque of the Companions
1264:of Muhammad, husband of
723:tribal confederation of
707:(they were known as the
196:الهجرة الأولى إلى الحبشة
1659:Sīratu Rasūlillāh (tr.
1599:Muhammad and The Quran,
1476:Sīratu Rasūlillāh (tr.
1445:Oxford University Press
1413:. UNESCO. p. 560.
1200:End of the Muslim exile
1035:William Montgomery Watt
680:al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša
323:After Conquest of Mecca
105:For more guidance, see
3193:Industrial development
3107:National Defense Force
2848:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
2471:Sultans on the Comoros
1858:Succession to Muhammad
1740:The Preaching of Islam
1703:Timothy Power (2012).
1289:, wife of Abu Hudhayfa
1282:Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba
1276:Ruqayyah bint Muhammad
1204:Many of the exiles in
1143:
857:
829:of the eighth-century
813:early Muslim community
661:migration to Abyssinia
509:Companions of Muhammad
347:Milestones and records
121:Migration to Abyssinia
3512:7th century in Africa
2887:Territorial evolution
2782:Italo-Ethiopian wars
2608:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2527:Maguindanao Sultanate
2461:Muzaffarids (Gujarat)
2331:Expansion into Europe
2138:Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)
1597:Rafiq Zakaria, 1991,
1516:Bowersock, G.W (Dr).
1270:rightly guided caliph
1116:called us to worship
1109:
893:compete for influence
839:
743:(also referred to as
683:), also known as the
409:Splitting of the Moon
194:Hijrah Habshah ʽUla (
107:Knowledge:Translation
78:copyright attribution
3416:World Heritage Sites
3353:Water and sanitation
2778:Menelik's Expansions
2588:Sultanate of Bagirmi
1955:Caliphate of Córdoba
1315:, wife of Abu Salama
1303:Abdur Rahman bin Awf
1252:Ja'far ibn Abi Talib
1224:First migration list
1212:in 622 and made the
1105:Jaʽfar ibn Abi Talib
621:Biography portal
2603:Sultanate of Darfur
2573:Sultanate of Dahlak
2370:Khwarazmian dynasty
2365:Kara-Khanid Khanate
2225:Khwarazmian dynasty
2076:Early Islamic Syria
1777:Sa’ad ibn ali azeez
1293:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
1254:leader of the group
1247:Abd-Allah ibn Jahsh
1237:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
1135:prophetic biography
1058:Umar ibn al-Khattab
1029:historians such as
966:and his son-in-law
922:in the year 7
914:The first group of
909:historians of Islam
797:migration to Medina
565:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
330:Farewell Pilgrimage
182:c. 613-615 CE (9-7
122:
3213:Telecommunications
3127:Army of the Empire
2808:Italian occupation
2763:Ethiopian–Adal War
2721:Kingdom of Wolaita
2563:Sultanate of Aussa
2245:Jalairid Sultanate
2173:Iranian Intermezzo
1927:Islamic Golden Age
1907:Abbasid Revolution
1897:Rashidun Caliphate
1319:Uthman bin Maz'oon
1000:converted to Islam
976:Rashidun Caliphate
696:al-hijrat al'uwlaa
467:Medieval Christian
244:Departure location
235:Some of the early
150:medieval Abyssinia
120:
86:interlanguage link
3459:
3458:
3424:
3423:
3323:Human trafficking
3236:
3235:
3142:
3141:
3084:Foreign relations
3074:Political parties
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2858:2018 peace summit
2748:Solomonic dynasty
2652:
2651:
2644:Sultanate of Oman
2639:Pakistan Movement
2598:Sultanate of Adal
2583:Sultanate of Ifat
2558:Angoche Sultanate
2542:Mataram Sultanate
2537:Ternate Sultanate
2512:Malacca Sultanate
2466:Gujarat Sultanate
2456:Jaunpur Sultanate
2451:Bahmani Sultanate
2441:Deccan sultanates
2321:Anatolian beyliks
2091:Ikhshidid dynasty
2043:Marinid Sultanate
2033:Almohad Caliphate
2028:Almoravid dynasty
1970:Marinid Sultanate
1965:Almohad Caliphate
1960:Almoravid dynasty
1922:Fatimid Caliphate
1912:Abbasid Caliphate
1902:Umayyad Caliphate
1526:978-0-19-973932-5
1504:Muhammad at Mecca
1287:Sahla bint Suhail
1260:, son-in-law and
980:Uthman ibn Mazʽun
677:
669:الهجرة إلى الحبشة
657:
656:
275:
274:
200:الهجرة إلى الحبشة
171:الهجرة إلى الحبشة
118:
117:
51:
3524:
3502:Islam in Somalia
3497:Islam in Eritrea
3492:Kingdom of Aksum
3477:Life of Muhammad
3444:
3437:
3247:
3246:
3173:
3153:
3152:
3122:Military history
3016:
3015:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2823:1974 coup d'état
2768:Gondarine period
2758:Kingdom of Kaffa
2726:Ethiopian Empire
2716:Kingdom of Aksum
2679:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2613:Sokoto Caliphate
2522:Banten Sultanate
2502:Brunei Sultanate
2436:Bengal Sultanate
2405:Khanate of Sibir
2400:Khanate of Khiva
2395:Khanate of Kazan
2375:Chagatai Khanate
2316:Sultanate of Rum
2275:Afsharid dynasty
2188:Saffarid dynasty
2086:Hamdanid dynasty
2048:Wattasid dynasty
2003:Rustamid dynasty
1868:Muslim conquests
1811:History of Islam
1804:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1759:. Archived from
1749:
1743:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1666:
1661:Alfred Guillaume
1651:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1537:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1484:
1483:
1478:Alfred Guillaume
1468:
1459:
1458:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1377:
1298:Mus'ab ibn Umair
1268:, and the third
1175:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1141:
1113:worshipped idols
1081:Aksumite kingdom
1051:
1048:
1033:(1869–1935) and
968:Uthman ibn Affan
948:Kingdom of Aksum
903:The migration(s)
885:Kingdom of Aksum
782:
776:
775:
765:Aksumite monarch
729:Kingdom of Aksum
698:
692:
691:
682:
672:
670:
649:
642:
635:
619:
618:
617:
609:Islam portal
607:
606:
605:
589:History of Islam
394:First revelation
277:
276:
270:Kingdom of Aksum
201:
197:
174:
172:
166:Native name
138:
123:
119:
97:
91:
64:Google Translate
49:
33:
32:
25:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3420:
3362:
3348:Public holidays
3333:Law enforcement
3232:
3171:
3138:
3093:
2997:
2952:
2891:
2853:Border conflict
2773:Zemene Mesafint
2711:Kingdom of Dʿmt
2692:
2683:
2653:
2648:
2622:
2546:
2507:Johor Sultanate
2497:Kedah Sultanate
2475:
2431:Delhi Sultanate
2414:
2410:Crimean Khanate
2347:
2294:
2290:Pahlavi dynasty
2265:Safavid dynasty
2250:Timurid dynasty
2198:Ziyarid dynasty
2178:Tahirid dynasty
2159:
2150:Mahra Sultanate
2111:Ayyubid dynasty
2096:Uqaylid dynasty
2071:Muslim conquest
2057:
2013:Idrisid dynasty
1993:Muslim conquest
1979:
1950:Muslim conquest
1936:
1882:
1841:
1813:
1808:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1701:
1697:
1681:
1670:
1652:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1566:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1500:
1487:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1333:
1323:Amir bin Rabiah
1242:Jahsh ibn Riyab
1226:
1214:hijra to Medina
1202:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1142:
1132:
1089:‘Amr ibn al-‘As
1066:
1049:
984:Tabqat Ibn Saʽd
952:Christian state
905:
865:Sasanian Empire
809:
733:Christian state
653:
615:
613:
603:
601:
594:
593:
560:
552:
551:
532:
524:
523:
494:
484:
483:
445:
437:
436:
422:
414:
413:
402:Isra and Mi'raj
385:
375:
374:
360:
352:
351:
334:Farewell Sermon
301:
239:settle in Aksum
161:
114:
113:
112:
95:
89:
52:
34:
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3259:Child marriage
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3052:Prime Minister
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2960:
2958:Administrative
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:Historiography
2879:
2878:
2877:
2870:Civil conflict
2867:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2618:Songhai Empire
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Funj Sultanate
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Sulu Sultanate
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:Aceh Sultanate
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2480:Southeast Asia
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Kazakh Khanate
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2357:Eastern Europe
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2343:Southern Italy
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:Ottoman Empire
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Ghurid dynasty
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Samanid Empire
2190:
2185:
2180:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2133:Ottoman Empire
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2106:Zengid dynasty
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Hafsid dynasty
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1975:Nasrid dynasty
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1744:
1726:
1719:
1713:. p. 87.
1695:
1668:
1639:
1627:Madain Project
1614:
1587:
1580:
1557:
1529:
1509:
1485:
1460:
1453:
1447:. p. 66.
1426:
1419:
1399:
1392:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1225:
1222:
1201:
1198:
1130:
1065:
1062:
904:
901:
877:Jews of Arabia
873:Zoroastrianism
871:who practiced
843:his companions
808:
805:
763:). The ruling
655:
654:
652:
651:
644:
637:
629:
626:
625:
624:
623:
611:
596:
595:
592:
591:
585:
584:
579:
574:
568:
567:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
539:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
476:
470:
469:
463:
462:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
405:
404:
398:
397:
386:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
367:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
338:
337:
326:
325:
319:
318:
313:
308:
302:
297:
296:
293:
292:
286:
285:
273:
272:
263:
259:
258:
245:
241:
240:
233:
229:
228:
219:
215:
214:
208:
204:
203:
192:
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
167:
163:
162:
144:depicting the
139:
131:
130:
116:
115:
111:
110:
103:
92:
70:
67:
56:
53:
39:
38:
37:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3529:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Ethnic groups
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Manufacturing
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Ground Forces
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3008:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Zagwe dynasty
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:Modern states
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Mughal Empire
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Qajar dynasty
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:Buyid dynasty
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:Burji dynasty
2124:
2122:
2121:Bahri dynasty
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2053:Saadi dynasty
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Muslim Sicily
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Berber Revolt
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:Sunni Revival
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Shi'a Century
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1763:on 2018-01-18
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1720:9781617973505
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1611:0-14-014423-4
1608:
1605:, pp. 403-4.
1604:
1603:Penguin Books
1600:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1581:9780199757268
1577:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1454:9780198810780
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1420:9789231017094
1416:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1393:9781317649151
1389:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:brought (the
1179:
1171:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:Leone Caetani
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
907:According to
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
856:
855:
853:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:), in 9
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:, an ancient
730:
726:
722:
719:, the ruling
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
690:الهجرة الأولى
686:
681:
675:
666:
662:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
612:
610:
600:
599:
598:
597:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
566:
563:
562:
556:
555:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
528:
527:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
488:
487:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
464:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
441:
440:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
418:
417:
410:
407:
406:
403:
400:
399:
395:
391:
388:
387:
384:
379:
378:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
295:
294:
291:
288:
287:
283:
279:
278:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
193:
191:Also known as
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
164:
159:
158:early Muslims
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:Rashid ad-Din
137:
132:
129:
124:
108:
104:
101:
93:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
55:
54:
47:
45:
40:You can help
36:
27:
26:
22:
3311:Human rights
3264:Demographics
3254:Architecture
3223:Trade unions
3023:Constitution
2813:World War II
2741:regnal lists
2380:Golden Horde
2353:Central Asia
2280:Zand dynasty
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:the original
1756:
1747:
1739:
1736:T. W. Arnold
1729:
1705:
1698:
1687:
1684:Martin Lings
1658:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1598:
1570:
1548:. Retrieved
1517:
1512:
1503:
1475:
1439:
1409:
1402:
1382:
1375:
1227:
1208:returned to
1203:
1190:
1185:
1155:Surah Maryam
1144:
1118:only one God
1110:
1102:
1074:
1067:
1042:
1024:
1014:) or 7
972:third caliph
930:) or 9
913:
906:
858:
846:
840:
825:
810:
755:) or 7
684:
660:
658:
504:Ghadir Khumm
444:Perspectives
222:
218:Participants
152:declining a
126:Part of the
82:edit summary
73:
41:
3198:Land reform
3188:Foreign aid
3160:Agriculture
3089:Foreign aid
2938:Earthquakes
2803:World War I
2706:Prehistoric
2593:Mali Empire
2385:Nogai Horde
2235:Muzaffarids
2018:Muhallabids
1832:Shi'a Imams
1711:I.B. Tauris
1601:New Delhi:
1550:18 December
1194:virgin Mary
1168:Chapter of
988:East Africa
793:Ella Tsaham
685:First Hijra
572:Possessions
519:Ahl al-Bayt
474:Historicity
262:Destination
3466:Categories
3391:Literature
3294:Healthcare
3172:(currency)
3069:Parliament
3035:Government
2875:Tigray War
2838:Ogaden War
2818:Revolution
2419:South Asia
2210:Ghaznavids
1942:Al-Andalus
1889:caliphates
1846:600–700 AD
1767:2010-12-02
1757:tripod.com
1368:References
1313:Umm Salama
1139:Ibn Hisham
1126:Holy Quran
1018:(615
1010:(616
934:(613
926:(615
833:historian
807:Background
759:(615
751:(613
492:Succession
432:Christians
370:Diplomatic
221:The early
210:To escape
19:See also:
3328:Languages
3269:Education
3228:Transport
3178:Companies
3117:Air Force
3079:Elections
3040:President
2971:Governors
2933:Volcanoes
2918:Mountains
2897:Geography
2833:Civil War
2240:Chobanids
2230:Ilkhanate
2008:Aghlabids
1655:Ibn Ishāq
1472:Ibn Ishāq
1348:, Eritrea
1262:companion
1230:Ibn Ishaq
1147:Christian
1075:When the
1070:Ibn Ishaq
1039:Ibn Ishaq
835:Ibn Ishaq
745:Abyssinia
674:romanized
479:Criticism
100:talk page
46:in Arabic
3451:Category
3406:Religion
3343:Polygamy
3299:Maternal
3208:Taxation
3099:Military
3011:Politics
2690:articles
2686:Ethiopia
2568:Dar Sila
2300:Anatolia
2101:Crusades
2081:Tulunids
1863:Rashidun
1853:Muhammad
1742:, 294n8.
1686:(2006).
1657:(2004).
1632:27 April
1474:(2004).
1331:See also
1266:Ruqayyah
1220:in 628.
1131:—
1064:In Aksum
1056:caliph,
1054:Rashidun
1043:tatāba‘a
990:via the
964:Ruqayyah
956:Ethiopia
916:migrants
869:Persians
803:in 628.
737:Ethiopia
705:Muhammad
383:Miracles
365:Military
290:Muhammad
282:a series
280:Part of
202:)
76:provide
3435:Outline
3381:Cuisine
3368:Culture
3304:Women's
3279:Famines
3242:Society
3218:Tourism
3148:Economy
3064:Council
3028:history
2983:Woredas
2966:Regions
2910:Geology
2786:1887–89
2731:Emperor
2698:History
2304:Balkans
2183:Alavids
2145:Kathiri
2063:Mashriq
1985:Maghreb
1822:Leaders
1346:Massawa
1162:
1093:Najashi
1077:Quraysh
1047:transl.
1027:Western
996:Quraysh
992:Red Sea
974:of the
960:Eritrea
946:of the
940:Najashi
863:by the
783:), the
769:Najashi
741:Eritrea
717:Quraysh
709:Sahabah
676::
559:Related
537:Salawat
499:Saqifah
460:Judaism
237:Muslims
232:Outcome
224:Sahabah
173:
98:to the
80:in the
3411:Sports
3338:People
3289:Health
3183:Energy
2993:Kebele
2988:Cities
2923:Rivers
2796:Second
2688:
2551:Africa
2338:Bosnia
2220:Seljuk
2165:Persia
1887:Early
1717:
1609:
1578:
1524:
1451:
1417:
1390:
1352:Negash
1258:Uthman
1218:Medina
1186:miškāt
1182:Gospel
1097:Muslim
942:, the
920:Arabia
897:Arabia
889:Levant
881:Himyar
831:Muslim
801:Medina
780:najāšī
713:Arabia
665:Arabic
577:Relics
547:Mawlid
531:Praise
359:Career
342:Hadith
316:Medina
311:Hijrah
256:Arabia
207:Motive
154:Meccan
3442:Index
3401:Music
3396:Media
3358:Women
3170:Birr
3165:Banks
2978:Zones
2948:Fauna
2943:Flora
2928:Lakes
2791:First
2308:Italy
2270:Hotak
1210:Mecca
1206:Aksum
1178:Jesus
1122:Zakat
1085:Negus
1025:Some
1004:Mecca
944:Negus
852:Islam
848:Allah
826:sirah
821:Aksum
817:Mecca
789:Armah
785:Negus
774:نجاشي
725:Mecca
701:Islam
455:Bible
450:Islam
421:Views
390:Quran
306:Mecca
266:Aksum
252:Hejaz
248:Mecca
146:Negus
60:DeepL
3507:610s
3385:wine
3316:LGBT
3284:Flag
3132:Navy
3057:list
3045:list
2828:Derg
2736:list
2355:and
2306:and
1715:ISBN
1634:2019
1607:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1552:2015
1522:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1388:ISBN
1188:)".
1170:Mary
1159:lit.
1145:The
998:had
958:and
950:, a
791:and
739:and
721:Arab
659:The
582:Seal
542:Naat
427:Jews
299:Life
179:Date
74:must
72:You
3376:Art
1344:in
1151:God
1137:by
895:in
879:in
815:in
148:of
62:or
48:.
3468::
2302:,
1755:.
1738:,
1709:.
1671:^
1642:^
1625:.
1590:^
1560:^
1543:.
1532:^
1488:^
1463:^
1443:.
1429:^
1072:.
1060:.
1045:,
1020:CE
1016:BH
1012:CE
1008:BH
936:CE
932:BH
928:CE
924:BH
899:.
837::
777:,
761:CE
757:BH
753:CE
749:BH
693:,
671:,
667::
284:on
268:,
254:,
250:,
184:BH
3387:)
3383:(
2678:e
2671:t
2664:v
1803:e
1796:t
1789:v
1770:.
1723:.
1663:)
1636:.
1584:.
1554:.
1480:)
1457:.
1423:.
1396:.
1272:.
1174:'
1165:'
1157:(
854:.
771:(
687:(
663:(
648:e
641:t
634:v
396:)
392:(
336:)
332:(
186:)
160:.
109:.
102:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.