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Migration to Abyssinia

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136: 31: 604: 616: 1052:) and the order of the names on the lists suggests that the migration may have taken place in a number of smaller groups rather than two large parties, while the appearance of the two lists reflected the controversies surrounding the assignment of priority on official registers during the reign of the second 1115:
and ate corpses. We committed all types of disgraceful acts and did not pay our due obligations to neighbours and relatives. The strong man of us suppressed the weak by power. Then Allah raised a prophet among us whose nobility, righteousness, good character and pure life were well-known to us. He
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However, one of the envoys, ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, thought of an alternative tactic. On the following day, he returned to the king and told him that the Muslims had disrespected Jesus. When the Muslims heard that the king had summoned them again to question them about their view of Jesus, they tried to
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migrants were rebels who had invented a new religion, the likes of which neither the Meccans nor the Aksumites had heard of, and that their relatives were asking for their return. The king granted them an audience, but ultimately refused to hand over the migrants until he heard their defence.
1196:". Muslim accounts state that upon hearing these words, the Negus declared that Jesus was indeed no more than what he had said; he turned to the Muslims and told them: "go, for you are safe in my country". He then returned the gifts to the envoys and dismissed them. 1128:, the divine revelation. When we believed in him and acted upon his nice teachings, our people began to persecute us and to subject us to torture. When their cruelties exceeded all bounds, we took shelter in your country by the permission of our prophet. 1192:
find a diplomatic answer, but ultimately decided to speak according to the revelation they had received. When the king addressed Jaʽfar, he replied that they held Jesus to be "God's servant, His prophet, His spirit, and His word which He cast upon the
1124:; to shun everything foul and to avoid bloodshed. He forbade adultery, lewdness, telling lies, misappropriating the orphan’s heritage, bringing false accusation against others and all other indecent things to that sort. He taught us the 1733:
He is father of Zainab and a father-in-law of Muhammad. In some accounts relating to Sahabahs in China, he (Jahsh) is noted as Geys. Muslims of Chams (Cambodiya) trace ancestry to a father-in-law of Muhammad, who is Jahsh (Geys). See
1120:, and exerted us to give up idolatry and stone worship. He taught us to speak the truth, to fulfill the promise, to regard the rights of relatives and neighbours. He forbade us from indecency; asked us to offer prayer and pay 66:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 1041:
provided two partially overlapping lists of migrants, he did not mention that the first group returned and went back a second time. Watt argued that the word used by Ibn Ishaq (
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shall relieve you from your distress." Thereupon his companions went to Abyssinia, being afraid of apostasy and fleeing to God with their religion. This was the first hijra in
845:, he said to them: "If you were to go to Abyssinia (it would be better for you), for the king will not tolerate injustice and it is a friendly country, until such time as 43: 1540: 3516: 1022:) according to other sources, this time accompanied by other newly-founded Muslims, with the migrant group comprising 83 men and 18 women in total. 69:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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and his generals. The gifts were made up of leather and prepared by fine skin. The Meccans appealed to the generals, arguing that the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Another view, grounded in the political developments of the time, suggests that following the
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of the kingdom; modern historians have alternatively identified him with the Aksumite king
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recalls the Aksumite foreign policy of the previous century, which saw Aksum and Persia
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and Abdullah bin Rabiah. The Meccan envoys were given gifts for the Aksumite king
982:, one of his most important companions, as the leader of this group. According to 135: 2772: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2430: 2409: 2289: 2264: 2249: 2197: 2177: 2149: 2110: 2095: 2012: 1241: 951: 915: 868: 864: 664: 333: 3384: 3169: 3131: 2617: 2577: 2516: 2389: 2356: 2325: 2219: 2214: 2192: 2132: 2105: 2037: 1974: 1154: 872: 3506: 3465: 3375: 2752: 2445: 2284: 2202: 2125: 2120: 2075: 2052: 2022: 1997: 1931: 1602: 1088: 1030: 1026: 819:
faced persecution, which prompted Muhammad to advise them to seek refuge in
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The Sahaba were later brought in front of the Negus and his bishops.
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to demand the surrender of the fugitives. They selected two envoys:
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with Muhammad, while the others remained in Aksum and arrived in
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learned that the early Muslims were planning to move to the
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Much of the coverage of this event comes from the historian
795:. Some of the Sahabah exiles returned to Mecca and made the 2827: 1057: 978:
after Muhammad's death. Prior to the exile, Muhammad chose
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The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500 - 1000
938:) according to other sources, and was granted asylum by 1436: 1518:
The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam
918:, which comprised twelve men and four women, who fled 1406: 1383:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume I: Nubia and Abyssinia
778: 694: 678: 59: 703:, where the first followers of the Islamic prophet 1501: 1379: 1232:included the following eleven men and four women: 994:. After a year, the exiles heard rumours that the 811:According to the traditional view, members of the 1153:. Jaʽfar then recited a passage from the Quran's 1111:O king, we were a wicked and ignorant people who 767:who received them is known in Islamic sources as 3463: 1689:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources 1567: 887:at precisely a moment of Persian triumph in the 1410:Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century 1278:, the wife of Uthman and daughter of Muhammad. 823:. The earliest extant account is given in the 84:accompanying your translation by providing an 50:Click for important translation instructions. 42:expand this article with text translated from 2670: 1795: 1702: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 727:. They sought and were granted refuge in the 640: 1682: 1665:. Oxford University Press. pp. 150–153. 1541:"The Two Migrations of Muslims to Abyssinia" 1506:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–111. 772: 688: 1535: 1533: 1216:with Muhammad, while a second wave went to 1158: 883:. The acceptance of these Muslims into the 2677: 2663: 1802: 1788: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1545:Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 1486: 1432: 1430: 1199: 1184:) has come from the same source of light ( 962:. This group included Muhammad's daughter 699:), was an episode in the early history of 647: 633: 134: 3517:Christian and Islamic interfaith dialogue 2426:Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent 1653: 1593: 1591: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1574:. Oxford University Press. p. 351. 1563: 1561: 1530: 1228:The first list of emigrants reported by 1640: 1482:. Oxford University Press. p. 146. 1427: 1223: 841:When the apostle saw the affliction of 3464: 1623:"First Hijrah: Migration to Abyssinia" 1588: 1461: 1362:Timeline of 7th-century Muslim history 1149:king requested their revelations from 156:delegation's request to surrender the 2684: 2658: 1783: 1669: 1558: 16:Episode in the early history of Islam 2255:Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) 1809: 1745: 1308:Abu Salama Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Asad 24: 1692:. Inner Traditions. pp. 81–84. 1326:Layla bint Abi Asmah – wife of Amir 1050: 'followed one after another' 1046: 1002:, which prompted them to return to 902: 773: 711:, or the companions) migrated from 689: 668: 96:{{Translated|ar|الهجرة إلى الحبشة}} 13: 2260:Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) 1380:E. A. Wallis Budge (Aug 1, 2014). 198:‎) or Hijrah il-al-Habshah ( 14: 3528: 2487:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 1520:. Oxford University Press, 2013. 1133:Jaʽfar ibn Abi Talib, in the 1878:Second Islamic civil war (Fitna) 1437:William Montgomery Watt (1961). 1083:, they sent a delegation to the 735:that was situated in modern-day 715:due to their persecution by the 614: 602: 140:1314 manuscript illustration by 29: 1873:First Islamic civil war (Fitna) 1727: 1696: 1615: 1440:Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman 1571:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam 1568:John L. Esposito, ed. (2003). 1510: 1407:M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988). 1400: 1373: 875:and had earlier supported the 94:You may also add the template 1: 1837:Historiography of early Islam 1367: 1357:Second migration to Abyssinia 1337:Diplomatic career of Muhammad 970:, who would later become the 806: 128:diplomatic career of Muhammad 21:Diplomatic career of Muhammad 3482:Medieval history of Ethiopia 3472:History of Islam in Ethiopia 2492:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 7: 3487:Medieval history of Somalia 2843:Federal Democratic Republic 1827:Timeline of Islamic history 1502:W. Montgomery Watt (1980). 1386:. Routledge. pp. vii. 1330: 1063: 954:that existed in modern-day 861:capture of Jerusalem in 614 779: 695: 679: 514:Hadith of the pen and paper 227:: Eleven men and four women 10: 3533: 2155:Federation of South Arabia 212:persecution by the Quraysh 58:Machine translation, like 18: 3428: 3366: 3249: 3240: 3155: 3146: 3097: 3018: 3009: 2956: 2908: 2904: 2895: 2696: 2626: 2550: 2479: 2418: 2351: 2298: 2163: 2116:Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo 2061: 1983: 1940: 1886: 1845: 1817: 261: 243: 231: 217: 206: 199: 195: 190: 178: 170: 169: 165: 133: 125: 44:the corresponding article 2865:War in Somalia (2006–09) 2634:Islamic Republic of Iran 1342:Mosque of the Companions 1264:of Muhammad, husband of 723:tribal confederation of 707:(they were known as the 196:الهجرة الأولى إلى الحبشة 1659:Sīratu Rasūlillāh (tr. 1599:Muhammad and The Quran, 1476:Sīratu Rasūlillāh (tr. 1445:Oxford University Press 1413:. UNESCO. p. 560. 1200:End of the Muslim exile 1035:William Montgomery Watt 680:al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša 323:After Conquest of Mecca 105:For more guidance, see 3193:Industrial development 3107:National Defense Force 2848:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 2471:Sultans on the Comoros 1858:Succession to Muhammad 1740:The Preaching of Islam 1703:Timothy Power (2012). 1289:, wife of Abu Hudhayfa 1282:Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba 1276:Ruqayyah bint Muhammad 1204:Many of the exiles in 1143: 857: 829:of the eighth-century 813:early Muslim community 661:migration to Abyssinia 509:Companions of Muhammad 347:Milestones and records 121:Migration to Abyssinia 3512:7th century in Africa 2887:Territorial evolution 2782:Italo-Ethiopian wars 2608:Sultanate of Zanzibar 2527:Maguindanao Sultanate 2461:Muzaffarids (Gujarat) 2331:Expansion into Europe 2138:Mamluk dynasty (Iraq) 1597:Rafiq Zakaria, 1991, 1516:Bowersock, G.W (Dr). 1270:rightly guided caliph 1116:called us to worship 1109: 893:compete for influence 839: 743:(also referred to as 683:), also known as the 409:Splitting of the Moon 194:Hijrah Habshah ʽUla ( 107:Knowledge:Translation 78:copyright attribution 3416:World Heritage Sites 3353:Water and sanitation 2778:Menelik's Expansions 2588:Sultanate of Bagirmi 1955:Caliphate of Córdoba 1315:, wife of Abu Salama 1303:Abdur Rahman bin Awf 1252:Ja'far ibn Abi Talib 1224:First migration list 1212:in 622 and made the 1105:Jaʽfar ibn Abi Talib 621:Biography portal 2603:Sultanate of Darfur 2573:Sultanate of Dahlak 2370:Khwarazmian dynasty 2365:Kara-Khanid Khanate 2225:Khwarazmian dynasty 2076:Early Islamic Syria 1777:Sa’ad ibn ali azeez 1293:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam 1254:leader of the group 1247:Abd-Allah ibn Jahsh 1237:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas 1135:prophetic biography 1058:Umar ibn al-Khattab 1029:historians such as 966:and his son-in-law 922:in the year 7  914:The first group of 909:historians of Islam 797:migration to Medina 565:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 330:Farewell Pilgrimage 182:c. 613-615 CE (9-7 122: 3213:Telecommunications 3127:Army of the Empire 2808:Italian occupation 2763:Ethiopian–Adal War 2721:Kingdom of Wolaita 2563:Sultanate of Aussa 2245:Jalairid Sultanate 2173:Iranian Intermezzo 1927:Islamic Golden Age 1907:Abbasid Revolution 1897:Rashidun Caliphate 1319:Uthman bin Maz'oon 1000:converted to Islam 976:Rashidun Caliphate 696:al-hijrat al'uwlaa 467:Medieval Christian 244:Departure location 235:Some of the early 150:medieval Abyssinia 120: 86:interlanguage link 3459: 3458: 3424: 3423: 3323:Human trafficking 3236: 3235: 3142: 3141: 3084:Foreign relations 3074:Political parties 3005: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2858:2018 peace summit 2748:Solomonic dynasty 2652: 2651: 2644:Sultanate of Oman 2639:Pakistan Movement 2598:Sultanate of Adal 2583:Sultanate of Ifat 2558:Angoche Sultanate 2542:Mataram Sultanate 2537:Ternate Sultanate 2512:Malacca Sultanate 2466:Gujarat Sultanate 2456:Jaunpur Sultanate 2451:Bahmani Sultanate 2441:Deccan sultanates 2321:Anatolian beyliks 2091:Ikhshidid dynasty 2043:Marinid Sultanate 2033:Almohad Caliphate 2028:Almoravid dynasty 1970:Marinid Sultanate 1965:Almohad Caliphate 1960:Almoravid dynasty 1922:Fatimid Caliphate 1912:Abbasid Caliphate 1902:Umayyad Caliphate 1526:978-0-19-973932-5 1504:Muhammad at Mecca 1287:Sahla bint Suhail 1260:, son-in-law and 980:Uthman ibn Mazʽun 677: 669:الهجرة إلى الحبشة 657: 656: 275: 274: 200:الهجرة إلى الحبشة 171:الهجرة إلى الحبشة 118: 117: 51: 3524: 3502:Islam in Somalia 3497:Islam in Eritrea 3492:Kingdom of Aksum 3477:Life of Muhammad 3444: 3437: 3247: 3246: 3173: 3153: 3152: 3122:Military history 3016: 3015: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2823:1974 coup d'état 2768:Gondarine period 2758:Kingdom of Kaffa 2726:Ethiopian Empire 2716:Kingdom of Aksum 2679: 2672: 2665: 2656: 2655: 2613:Sokoto Caliphate 2522:Banten Sultanate 2502:Brunei Sultanate 2436:Bengal Sultanate 2405:Khanate of Sibir 2400:Khanate of Khiva 2395:Khanate of Kazan 2375:Chagatai Khanate 2316:Sultanate of Rum 2275:Afsharid dynasty 2188:Saffarid dynasty 2086:Hamdanid dynasty 2048:Wattasid dynasty 2003:Rustamid dynasty 1868:Muslim conquests 1811:History of Islam 1804: 1797: 1790: 1781: 1780: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1759:. Archived from 1749: 1743: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1680: 1667: 1666: 1661:Alfred Guillaume 1651: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1619: 1613: 1595: 1586: 1585: 1565: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1537: 1528: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1484: 1483: 1478:Alfred Guillaume 1468: 1459: 1458: 1434: 1425: 1424: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1377: 1298:Mus'ab ibn Umair 1268:, and the third 1175: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1141: 1113:worshipped idols 1081:Aksumite kingdom 1051: 1048: 1033:(1869–1935) and 968:Uthman ibn Affan 948:Kingdom of Aksum 903:The migration(s) 885:Kingdom of Aksum 782: 776: 775: 765:Aksumite monarch 729:Kingdom of Aksum 698: 692: 691: 682: 672: 670: 649: 642: 635: 619: 618: 617: 609:Islam portal 607: 606: 605: 589:History of Islam 394:First revelation 277: 276: 270:Kingdom of Aksum 201: 197: 174: 172: 166:Native name 138: 123: 119: 97: 91: 64:Google Translate 49: 33: 32: 25: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3447: 3440: 3433: 3420: 3362: 3348:Public 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1049: 984:Tabqat Ibn Saʽd 952:Christian state 905: 865:Sasanian Empire 809: 733:Christian state 653: 615: 613: 603: 601: 594: 593: 560: 552: 551: 532: 524: 523: 494: 484: 483: 445: 437: 436: 422: 414: 413: 402:Isra and Mi'raj 385: 375: 374: 360: 352: 351: 334:Farewell Sermon 301: 239:settle in Aksum 161: 114: 113: 112: 95: 89: 52: 34: 30: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3530: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3446: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3259:Child marriage 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3052:Prime Minister 3049: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2962: 2960: 2958:Administrative 2954: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2882:Historiography 2879: 2878: 2877: 2870:Civil conflict 2867: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2618:Songhai Empire 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2578:Funj Sultanate 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2532:Sulu Sultanate 2529: 2524: 2519: 2517:Aceh Sultanate 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2480:Southeast Asia 2477: 2476: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2390:Kazakh Khanate 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2359: 2357:Eastern Europe 2349: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2343:Southern Italy 2340: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2326:Ottoman Empire 2323: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2215:Ghurid dynasty 2212: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2193:Samanid Empire 2190: 2185: 2180: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2133:Ottoman Empire 2130: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2113: 2108: 2106:Zengid dynasty 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2038:Hafsid dynasty 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1975:Nasrid dynasty 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1946: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1784: 1774: 1773: 1744: 1726: 1719: 1713:. p. 87. 1695: 1668: 1639: 1627:Madain Project 1614: 1587: 1580: 1557: 1529: 1509: 1485: 1460: 1453: 1447:. p. 66. 1426: 1419: 1399: 1392: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1255: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1225: 1222: 1201: 1198: 1130: 1065: 1062: 904: 901: 877:Jews of Arabia 873:Zoroastrianism 871:who practiced 843:his companions 808: 805: 763:). The ruling 655: 654: 652: 651: 644: 637: 629: 626: 625: 624: 623: 611: 596: 595: 592: 591: 585: 584: 579: 574: 568: 567: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 550: 549: 544: 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 522: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 495: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 476: 470: 469: 463: 462: 457: 452: 446: 443: 442: 439: 438: 435: 434: 429: 423: 420: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411: 405: 404: 398: 397: 386: 381: 380: 377: 376: 373: 372: 367: 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 338: 337: 326: 325: 319: 318: 313: 308: 302: 297: 296: 293: 292: 286: 285: 273: 272: 263: 259: 258: 245: 241: 240: 233: 229: 228: 219: 215: 214: 208: 204: 203: 192: 188: 187: 180: 176: 175: 167: 163: 162: 144:depicting the 139: 131: 130: 116: 115: 111: 110: 103: 92: 70: 67: 56: 53: 39: 38: 37: 35: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3529: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Ethnic groups 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3203:Manufacturing 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3112:Ground Forces 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3008: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2753:Zagwe dynasty 2751: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627:Modern states 2625: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2446:Mughal Empire 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2285:Qajar dynasty 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2203:Buyid dynasty 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126:Burji dynasty 2124: 2122: 2121:Bahri dynasty 2119: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2053:Saadi dynasty 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2023:Muslim Sicily 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1998:Berber Revolt 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1932:Sunni Revival 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1917:Shi'a Century 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1763:on 2018-01-18 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1722: 1720:9781617973505 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1611:0-14-014423-4 1608: 1605:, pp. 403-4. 1604: 1603:Penguin Books 1600: 1594: 1592: 1583: 1581:9780199757268 1577: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1562: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1505: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1481: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1456: 1454:9780198810780 1450: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1433: 1431: 1422: 1420:9789231017094 1416: 1412: 1411: 1403: 1395: 1393:9781317649151 1389: 1385: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1180:brought (the 1179: 1171: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1136: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031:Leone Caetani 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 912: 910: 907:According to 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 856: 855: 853: 849: 844: 838: 836: 832: 828: 827: 822: 818: 814: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 747:), in 9  746: 742: 738: 734: 731:, an ancient 730: 726: 722: 719:, the ruling 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 690:الهجرة الأولى 686: 681: 675: 666: 662: 650: 645: 643: 638: 636: 631: 630: 628: 627: 622: 612: 610: 600: 599: 598: 597: 590: 587: 586: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 569: 566: 563: 562: 556: 555: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 528: 527: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 493: 488: 487: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 468: 465: 464: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 441: 440: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 418: 417: 410: 407: 406: 403: 400: 399: 395: 391: 388: 387: 384: 379: 378: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 356: 355: 348: 345: 343: 340: 339: 335: 331: 328: 327: 324: 321: 320: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 300: 295: 294: 291: 288: 287: 283: 279: 278: 271: 267: 264: 260: 257: 253: 249: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 213: 209: 205: 193: 191:Also known as 189: 185: 181: 177: 168: 164: 159: 158:early Muslims 155: 151: 147: 143: 142:Rashid ad-Din 137: 132: 129: 124: 108: 104: 101: 93: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 57: 55: 54: 47: 45: 40:You can help 36: 27: 26: 22: 3311:Human rights 3264:Demographics 3254:Architecture 3223:Trade unions 3023:Constitution 2813:World War II 2741:regnal lists 2380:Golden Horde 2353:Central Asia 2280:Zand dynasty 1776: 1765:. Retrieved 1761:the original 1756: 1747: 1739: 1736:T. W. Arnold 1729: 1705: 1698: 1687: 1684:Martin Lings 1658: 1630:. Retrieved 1626: 1617: 1598: 1570: 1548:. Retrieved 1517: 1512: 1503: 1475: 1439: 1409: 1402: 1382: 1375: 1227: 1208:returned to 1203: 1190: 1185: 1155:Surah Maryam 1144: 1118:only one God 1110: 1102: 1074: 1067: 1042: 1024: 1014:) or 7  972:third caliph 930:) or 9  913: 906: 858: 846: 840: 825: 810: 755:) or 7  684: 660: 658: 504:Ghadir Khumm 444:Perspectives 222: 218:Participants 152:declining a 126:Part of the 82:edit summary 73: 41: 3198:Land reform 3188:Foreign aid 3160:Agriculture 3089:Foreign aid 2938:Earthquakes 2803:World War I 2706:Prehistoric 2593:Mali Empire 2385:Nogai Horde 2235:Muzaffarids 2018:Muhallabids 1832:Shi'a Imams 1711:I.B. Tauris 1601:New Delhi: 1550:18 December 1194:virgin Mary 1168:Chapter of 988:East Africa 793:Ella Tsaham 685:First Hijra 572:Possessions 519:Ahl al-Bayt 474:Historicity 262:Destination 3466:Categories 3391:Literature 3294:Healthcare 3172:(currency) 3069:Parliament 3035:Government 2875:Tigray War 2838:Ogaden War 2818:Revolution 2419:South Asia 2210:Ghaznavids 1942:Al-Andalus 1889:caliphates 1846:600–700 AD 1767:2010-12-02 1757:tripod.com 1368:References 1313:Umm Salama 1139:Ibn Hisham 1126:Holy Quran 1018:(615  1010:(616  934:(613  926:(615  833:historian 807:Background 759:(615  751:(613  492:Succession 432:Christians 370:Diplomatic 221:The early 210:To escape 19:See also: 3328:Languages 3269:Education 3228:Transport 3178:Companies 3117:Air Force 3079:Elections 3040:President 2971:Governors 2933:Volcanoes 2918:Mountains 2897:Geography 2833:Civil War 2240:Chobanids 2230:Ilkhanate 2008:Aghlabids 1655:Ibn Ishāq 1472:Ibn Ishāq 1348:, Eritrea 1262:companion 1230:Ibn Ishaq 1147:Christian 1075:When the 1070:Ibn Ishaq 1039:Ibn Ishaq 835:Ibn Ishaq 745:Abyssinia 674:romanized 479:Criticism 100:talk page 46:in Arabic 3451:Category 3406:Religion 3343:Polygamy 3299:Maternal 3208:Taxation 3099:Military 3011:Politics 2690:articles 2686:Ethiopia 2568:Dar Sila 2300:Anatolia 2101:Crusades 2081:Tulunids 1863:Rashidun 1853:Muhammad 1742:, 294n8. 1686:(2006). 1657:(2004). 1632:27 April 1474:(2004). 1331:See also 1266:Ruqayyah 1220:in 628. 1131:—  1064:In Aksum 1056:caliph, 1054:Rashidun 1043:tatāba‘a 990:via the 964:Ruqayyah 956:Ethiopia 916:migrants 869:Persians 803:in 628. 737:Ethiopia 705:Muhammad 383:Miracles 365:Military 290:Muhammad 282:a series 280:Part of 202:‎) 76:provide 3435:Outline 3381:Cuisine 3368:Culture 3304:Women's 3279:Famines 3242:Society 3218:Tourism 3148:Economy 3064:Council 3028:history 2983:Woredas 2966:Regions 2910:Geology 2786:1887–89 2731:Emperor 2698:History 2304:Balkans 2183:Alavids 2145:Kathiri 2063:Mashriq 1985:Maghreb 1822:Leaders 1346:Massawa 1162:  1093:Najashi 1077:Quraysh 1047:transl. 1027:Western 996:Quraysh 992:Red Sea 974:of the 960:Eritrea 946:of the 940:Najashi 863:by the 783:), the 769:Najashi 741:Eritrea 717:Quraysh 709:Sahabah 676::  559:Related 537:Salawat 499:Saqifah 460:Judaism 237:Muslims 232:Outcome 224:Sahabah 173:‎ 98:to the 80:in the 3411:Sports 3338:People 3289:Health 3183:Energy 2993:Kebele 2988:Cities 2923:Rivers 2796:Second 2688:  2551:Africa 2338:Bosnia 2220:Seljuk 2165:Persia 1887:Early 1717:  1609:  1578:  1524:  1451:  1417:  1390:  1352:Negash 1258:Uthman 1218:Medina 1186:miškāt 1182:Gospel 1097:Muslim 942:, the 920:Arabia 897:Arabia 889:Levant 881:Himyar 831:Muslim 801:Medina 780:najāšī 713:Arabia 665:Arabic 577:Relics 547:Mawlid 531:Praise 359:Career 342:Hadith 316:Medina 311:Hijrah 256:Arabia 207:Motive 154:Meccan 3442:Index 3401:Music 3396:Media 3358:Women 3170:Birr 3165:Banks 2978:Zones 2948:Fauna 2943:Flora 2928:Lakes 2791:First 2308:Italy 2270:Hotak 1210:Mecca 1206:Aksum 1178:Jesus 1122:Zakat 1085:Negus 1025:Some 1004:Mecca 944:Negus 852:Islam 848:Allah 826:sirah 821:Aksum 817:Mecca 789:Armah 785:Negus 774:نجاشي 725:Mecca 701:Islam 455:Bible 450:Islam 421:Views 390:Quran 306:Mecca 266:Aksum 252:Hejaz 248:Mecca 146:Negus 60:DeepL 3507:610s 3385:wine 3316:LGBT 3284:Flag 3132:Navy 3057:list 3045:list 2828:Derg 2736:list 2355:and 2306:and 1715:ISBN 1634:2019 1607:ISBN 1576:ISBN 1552:2015 1522:ISBN 1449:ISBN 1415:ISBN 1388:ISBN 1188:)". 1170:Mary 1159:lit. 1145:The 998:had 958:and 950:, a 791:and 739:and 721:Arab 659:The 582:Seal 542:Naat 427:Jews 299:Life 179:Date 74:must 72:You 3376:Art 1344:in 1151:God 1137:by 895:in 879:in 815:in 148:of 62:or 48:. 3468:: 2302:, 1755:. 1738:, 1709:. 1671:^ 1642:^ 1625:. 1590:^ 1560:^ 1543:. 1532:^ 1488:^ 1463:^ 1443:. 1429:^ 1072:. 1060:. 1045:, 1020:CE 1016:BH 1012:CE 1008:BH 936:CE 932:BH 928:CE 924:BH 899:. 837:: 777:, 761:CE 757:BH 753:CE 749:BH 693:, 671:, 667:: 284:on 268:, 254:, 250:, 184:BH 3387:) 3383:( 2678:e 2671:t 2664:v 1803:e 1796:t 1789:v 1770:. 1723:. 1663:) 1636:. 1584:. 1554:. 1480:) 1457:. 1423:. 1396:. 1272:. 1174:' 1165:' 1157:( 854:. 771:( 687:( 663:( 648:e 641:t 634:v 396:) 392:( 336:) 332:( 186:) 160:. 109:. 102:.

Index

Diplomatic career of Muhammad
the corresponding article
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diplomatic career of Muhammad

Rashid ad-Din
Negus
medieval Abyssinia
Meccan
early Muslims
BH
persecution by the Quraysh
Sahabah
Muslims
Mecca
Hejaz
Arabia
Aksum
Kingdom of Aksum
a series
Muhammad
Life
Mecca
Hijrah

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