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a two-story, 52-foot (16 m) by 20-foot (6.1 m) structure with a gabled roof and stepped and curvilinear gable ends. An 18-foot (5.5 m) by 28-foot (8.5 m) service wing was added to the south side of the house in the 1930s (the wing was built in the same 18th-century style as the house). The first floor of the house originally contained a parlor, living room, and dining room, while the second floor contained three bedrooms. The interior has been outfitted with original furniture.
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396:. Middleton and Simms extended a main axis centered on the main block of the house, expressed as a gravel carriageway leading through a greensward to the first of six shaped turf terraces with bowed centers. At the level of the river a pair of lakes (the "Butterfly Lakes") were excavated on either side of a turf causeway prolonging the axis. With the river beyond, the lakes were flanked by more water, a stream dammed to the right to form the long narrow Rice Mill Pond, and a
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gardens and a smaller less-defined pool (known as the Azalea Pool) on the north side. The north gardens are laid out in grid-like fashion with each surrounded by hedges and separated by walkways. On the east side of the gardens is a "spoked wheel" formation roughly 100 feet (30 m) in diameter. Perhaps the most notable feature of the gardens is the "Middleton Oak", or "Great Oak", a massive
335:. At this point, the southward-flowing river bends sharply to the east en route to its mouth at Charleston Harbor about 15 miles (24 km) downstream. A small northeastward-flowing creek, which has been dammed to form the plantation's rice mill pond, empties into the Ashley at this eastward bend, and forms the historic district's southern boundary. Ashley River Road (part of
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Place as their winter residence. Determined to restore the gardens to their original splendor, the Smiths labored for several years, replanting and reworking the gardens. They opened the plantation's gardens to the public in the late 1920s. In 1941, the Garden Club of
America called the Middleton Place gardens "the most interesting and important garden in the United States".
369:. Henry's older brother, William, built the Crowfield plantation in the 1730s, but eventually moved to England, leaving Henry in charge of the family's affairs in South Carolina. Henry continued acquiring land, eventually becoming one of South Carolina's wealthiest planters. At one point, he owned 20 plantations consisting of 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) and 800 slaves.
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demonstration area) were at the south end of the loop, and the family burial grounds and main garden area were at the north end. The terraced gardens and butterfly ponds lay east of the main residence. The original roadway, the main gate of the original residence, and the levee separating the two
Butterfly Lakes were all situated on a continuous east-west axis.
339:), which connects Middleton Place to Charleston to the southeast and the Legend Oaks area to the northwest, forms the historic district's western boundary. The plantation's south flanker and residence area sit atop a hill that rises just over 20 feet (6.1 m) above the river, allowing an unobstructed view of the river for nearly a mile downstream.
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barn, stable, work buildings, and cottages; the buildings were constructed of brick salvaged from the ruined main house. In the early 1970s, approximately 110 acres (45 ha) of the 7,000-acre (2,800 ha) plantation—including the south flanker, the gardens, and several outbuildings—were placed on the
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The
Middleton Place House, formerly the south wing or south flanker, was built in 1755 by Henry Middleton (one stone of the house contains Middleton's initials and the year "1755"). The roof was added in 1868, after the original roof was destroyed when Union soldiers burned the property. The house is
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Williams
Middleton's daughter, Elizabeth, inherited Middleton Place in 1900, and made minor restorations. Upon her death in 1915, she left the plantation to her cousin, John Julius Pringle Smith (Smith was a great-great-great-grandson of Henry Middleton). Smith and his wife, Heningham, used Middleton
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in April 1861, sparking the U.S. Civil War. In
February 1865, near the end of the war, Union troops captured Middleton Place and burned the main house and north flanker, and part of the south flanker. The soldiers also killed and ate five of the water buffalo and stole six. These six later showed up
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In 1868, Williams
Middleton restored the roof to the south flanker at Middleton Place, and converted it to the main residence. He lacked the money for major restorations, however, and managed to obtain only limited success as a large-scale planter. After his death in 1883, Middleton Place passed to
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Henry likely planned
Middleton Place as a country residence more than as an active rice plantation. The original main house, completed around 1741, was three stories tall, built of brick in Jacobean-style. In 1755, Middleton added two two-storey free-standing wings, or "flankers", to the north and
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The northwest section of
Middleton consists of a densely forested woodland which gives way to a marsh at the riverbank. This natural area is separated from the north gardens by an 800-foot (240 m) by 100-foot (30 m) rectangular pool (known as the Reflection Pool) on the west side of the
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The east gardens stretch eastward from the main residence for approximately 200 feet (61 m) before descending in a series of terraces to the floodplain of the Ashley River. Two congruent ponds at the eastern base of the terraces resemble butterfly wings, and are thus known as the "Butterfly
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In the 1930s, the Smiths began restoring the house and outbuildings at
Middleton Place to their late 18th-century appearance. In 1971, the plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark District. Shortly thereafter the Middleton Place
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John
Williams. He likely began construction on the main block of the house, selecting the site for its strategic view of the Ashley River. After Williams' death, the plantation became part of the dowry of his daughter, Mary Williams. In 1741, Mary Williams married Henry Middleton, whose name was
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The restoration of Middleton Place began in 1916 when Middleton descendant John Julius Pringle Smith (1887–1969) and his wife Heningham began several decades' work of meticulously rebuilding the plantation's gardens. They had New York architect Bancel LaFarge design a stableyard complex of
411:, British troops ransacked Middleton Place, beheading many of the statues and looting the plantation's artwork and furniture. Arthur Middleton was captured and imprisoned until 1781. In 1783, the surrender terms that eliminated British troops from the Southern colonies were signed at Middleton.
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The original access to Middleton Place was a roadway that ran due east from Ashley River Road for approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) before terminating in a large loop. The main residence (now consisting of only the south flanker) lay at the east end of the loop, the stables (now part of a
602:— located immediately east of the Butterfly Lakes, where a natural east-flowing stream empties into the Ashley River. Williams Middleton built the mill in 1851 as he began more intensive planting at Middleton Place. The mill has undergone several alterations in modern times.
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Foundation was established, with Smith's grandson Charles Duell acting as its first president. In recent years, the Middleton Place Foundation has carried out extensive research to document the thousands of African-American slaves once owned by the Middleton family.
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Lakes". Levees separate the ponds from the river to the north and from the mill pond to the south. A smaller 150-foot (46 m) by 150-foot (46 m) garden (subdivided into four still smaller gardens) lies between the north and east gardens.
388:, Middleton employed an English gardener named Simms, of whom little is known. Rather than base his designs upon his own trip to England, Middleton and Simms derived their inspiration from the engraved plans in the popular garden book by
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in the late 18th century, the first in the United States. They were experimental draft animals, suited to the deep muck in which rice was grown. In the gardens, Arthur's son Henry Middleton's friendship with French botanist
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261:. Built in several phases during the 18th and 19th centuries, the plantation was the primary residence of several generations of the Middleton family, many of whom played prominent roles in the colonial and
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grown in an American garden, a house gift during Michaux's visit in 1786. Three of the four planted at the corners of the main parterre survive, grown to fifteen feet: One is
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After Mary Middleton's death in 1761, Henry moved to a small house north of Charleston and gave Middleton Place to his son, Arthur. In 1776, at the outbreak of the
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Upon Henry Middleton's death in 1846, Middleton Place passed to his son, Williams Middleton. In 1860, Williams Middleton signed the South Carolina
299:(1809–1883), oversaw Middleton Place's transition from a country residence to a more active rice plantation. In 1865, toward the end of the
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toppled the walls of the main house and north flanker and further damaged the gardens. The gardens lay neglected for several decades afterwards.
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Middleton began work on the plantation's gardens in 1741. Determined to outshine his neighbors, who were laying out neat four-squared patterned
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south ends of the house. The free-standing north wing contained a library and ballroom, while the south wing was used as a guest house.
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John Williams, an early South Carolina planter, probably began building Middleton Place in the late 1730s. His son-in-law
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The vast majority of Middleton's 6,000 acres is forest. In 2013, half of the property was dedicated to a
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were used for refrigeration). In 1850, the second story of the springhouse was converted into a chapel.
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soldiers burned most of the house, leaving only the south wing and gutted walls of the north wing and
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is a demonstration area that includes a barnyard and stable, both built in the 1930s.
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View toward south wing; the original main residence stood at the gap in the treeline
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Dorchester County, South Carolina
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
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and had established a plantation in the area which is now part of the cities of
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subsequently applied to the plantation. Middleton's father had immigrated from
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The south Butterfly Lake and Rice Mill, with the Ashley River in the distance
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National Register of Historic Places in Dorchester County, South Carolina
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National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Middelton Place
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866:(Charleston, S.C.: Carolina Art Association, 1939), pp. 57, 64-65, 177.
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Equal Before God: Why Did Masters Want Their Slaves to be Christians?
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Middleton Place was established in the 1730s by early South Carolina
450:"reine des fleurs"; the other is an ancestor of the modern cultivar
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Ogden Tanner, "Middleton Place: Charleston's Continental Classic",
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959:"Middleton Place using forest preservation to sell carbon credits"
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tree with a trunk more than 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter.
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787:, Report 25 (January 2003), p. 40. Retrieved: 4 August 2009.
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Newly discovered records show that Middleton Place imported
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Plantation agriculture in the Southeastern United States
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276:(1717–1784), who later served as President of the
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Swamp in the plantation's undeveloped northwest section
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extended to the left to enclose floodable rice fields.
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and about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of downtown
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List of National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
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Middleton Place is set on the southwest bank of the
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toppled the walls of the main house and north wing.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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1567:Plantation complexes in the Southern United States
946:The Middleton Oak and Sag Branch Tuliptree Project
514:Statue amidst the north gardens at Middleton Place
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265:history of South Carolina. The plantation, now a
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1663:Slave health on plantations in the United States
932:Barbara Doyle, Mary Edna Sullivan, Tracey Todd,
1000:Newsletter of the Carolina Gold Rice Foundation
1668:Treatment of the enslaved in the United States
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661:List of botanical gardens in the United States
1822:National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
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934:Beyond the Fields: Slavery at Middleton Place
1847:Museums in Dorchester County, South Carolina
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1104:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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864:Plantations of the Carolina Low Country
754:. National Park Service. Archived from
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498:wife, Susan. Three years later, the
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394:The Theory and Practice of Gardening
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287:(1742–1787), a signer of the
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833:Middleton Place Foundation,
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605:The Middleton Place
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1241:Chesterfield
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333:Ashley River
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125:Nearest city
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1771:Mississippi
1709:Other labor
1653:House negro
1595:King Cotton
1451:Other lists
1386:Spartanburg
969:October 18,
805:Photographs
607:springhouse
506:Restoration
363:Goose Creek
224:May 6, 1971
163: /
139:Coordinates
1806:Categories
1583:Cash crops
1432:Greenville
1422:Charleston
1366:Orangeburg
1291:Greenville
1286:Georgetown
1266:Dorchester
1256:Darlington
1226:Charleston
682:References
628:Stableyard
309:main house
263:antebellum
255:Charleston
243:plantation
151:80°08′12″W
148:32°53′59″N
1766:Louisiana
1617:Sugarcane
1442:Rock Hill
1351:McCormick
1336:Lexington
1321:Lancaster
1296:Greenwood
1276:Fairfield
1271:Edgefield
1246:Clarendon
1191:Allendale
1181:Abbeville
1174:by county
762:March 17,
600:rice mill
442:camellias
386:parterres
190:1738—1755
1786:Virginia
1761:Kentucky
1683:Internal
1678:Atlantic
1427:Columbia
1376:Richland
1356:Newberry
1346:Marlboro
1281:Florence
1251:Colleton
1231:Cherokee
1216:Berkeley
1211:Beaufort
1206:Barnwell
1196:Anderson
1044:Archived
998:–
988:Archived
880:Archived
838:Archived
781:Archived
635:See also
621:freedman
559:live oak
359:Barbados
327:Location
210:71000770
198:Colonial
1756:Georgia
1744:Florida
1739:Alabama
1631:Slavery
1622:Tobacco
1458:Bridges
1371:Pickens
1326:Laurens
1316:Kershaw
1301:Hampton
1236:Chester
1221:Calhoun
1201:Bamberg
814:May 26,
354:planter
343:History
1607:Indigo
1590:Cotton
1391:Sumter
1381:Saluda
1361:Oconee
1341:Marion
1311:Jasper
1261:Dillon
1115:Topics
936:, 2008
532:Layout
456:azalea
311:. The
1396:Union
1306:Horry
1186:Aiken
1172:Lists
801:(pdf)
619:is a
431:from
398:levee
305:Union
241:is a
184:Built
1749:Leon
1612:Rice
1602:Hemp
1406:York
971:2013
816:2012
764:2008
626:The
365:and
176:Area
1331:Lee
1106:in
245:in
205:No.
1808::
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188:c.
131:-
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458:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
