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526:, Howard stressed the difference between traditional military history, which seeks to identify easily applicable lessons for the present from the history of past wars and military campaigns, and his own approach, which stresses the uniqueness of the historical past and the impossibility of deriving such lessons to guide modern strategic and tactical choices.
476:
He was one of the founders of the
International Institute for Strategic Studies. From his family, education, and service in the Guards, he had extensive connections at the higher levels of British society, and he worked them astutely to further his intellectual goals. He had close connections in the
449:. From his position at King's he was one of Britain's most influential figures in developing strategic studies as a discipline that brought together government, military, and academia to think about defence and national security more broadly and deeply than had been done before.
652:
Quarterly: 1st & 4th Gules a bend Argent between six cross crosslets Or on a canton Azure a stag's head cabossed Argent (Howard); 2nd & 3rd Argent a fess Gules between two bars wavy Azure in chief three
Cornish choughs Proper
2351:
505:
of 1870–71, Howard looked at how the
Prussian and French armies reflected the social structure of the two nations. He was also a leading interpreter of the writings of the Prussian military thinker
378:). His mother was the daughter of Jewish immigrants from Germany, who later converted to Christianity. His father was the chairman of a manufacturing company. Howard was educated at
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In 1958, Howard met geography teacher Mark
Anthony James, and they began a relationship. They entered into a civil partnership in 2006, and latterly lived in
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986:"Howard, Sir Michael (Eliot), (born 29 Nov. 1922), Emeritus Professor of Modern History, University of Oxford, after 1989".
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In addition, in both his inaugural and concluding lectures as Regius
Professor, and in his popular and influential
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1972:
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Halewood, Louis, and David Morgan-Owen. "Captains of War: History in
Professional Military Education."
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A lion statant guardant tail extended Argent resting the dexter forepaw on a stag's head cabossed Or.
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Chichele
Professor of History of War (from 1977) and Fellow, All Souls College (from 1968 to 1980).
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The
Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars
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Robert A. Lovett
Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University (from 1989 to 1993).
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Regius
Professor of Modern History and Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford (from 1980 to 1989).
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in War Studies and finally Professor of War Studies (1953–63), King's College London.
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Fighting with Pride LGBT in the Armed Forces, chapter 4, 2019 edited by Craig Jones
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War, Strategy and International Politics: Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard
421:, serving with the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, and came ashore during the
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Skaggs, David Curtis "Michael Howard and the Dimensions of Military History"
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1186:"The Unrepentant Historian: Sir Michael Howard and the birth of War Studies"
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Howard was best known for expanding military history beyond the traditional
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2006:
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Liberation or Catastrophe? Reflections on the History of the 20th Century
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Strachan, Hew. "Michael Howard and the dimensions of military history."
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Hattendorf, John B. "The Study of War History at Oxford, 1862–1990." in
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2010:
1942:
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433:(MC) "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in Italy".
498:
71:
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on 30 November 2019, at the age of 97; James died two months later.
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Military personnel from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
876:
The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order
778:
Soldiers and Governments: Nine Studies in Civil Military Relations
690:
The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870–1871
574:
112:
1226:"Michael Howard, Eminent British Military Historian, Dies at 97"
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Restraints on War: Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict
334:, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at
1358:
1112:(2023). "Howard, Sir Michael Eliot (1922–2019), historian".
856:
The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World
1024:"Sir Michael Howard, distinguished historian, dies aged 97"
359:
described him as "Britain's foremost expert on conflict".
557:, which he also helped to establish, and a fellow of the
453:
Assistant Lecturer in History (1947), Lecturer (1950–3),
32:
1617:
1204:"Professor Sir Michael Howard | All Souls College"
1539:
Great Thinkers: Hew Strachan FBA on Michael Howard FBA
469:
Quondam Fellow, All Souls College (from 1980 to 2014).
1467:
Freedman, Lawrence; Hayes, Paul & O'Neil, Robert
1257:
The Lecture is published in a Dutch translation, as:
613:(OM) in 2005. In 1988 he was elected a member of the
477:
Labour Party but was also consulted as an advisor by
314:(29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was an English
2347:
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
1418:
Fighting with pride : LGBTQ in the armed forces
818:
Harvard University Press; 2 edition (1 January 1984)
2367:
Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)
1070:
770:, 1977, edited and translated by M. E. Howard and
716:The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War
441:After Oxford, Howard began his teaching career at
425:in September 1943. On 27 January 1944, during the
390:(BA) degree in 1946, which was later promoted to
371:, the youngest son of Geoffrey Howard and Edith (
2357:People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
2342:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
2178:
1570:Department of War Studies, King's College London
497:accounts to include wider discussions about the
340:Department of War Studies, King's College London
981:
979:
977:
472:Honorary Fellow, All Souls College (from 2014).
659:Sola Virtus Invicta (Virtue Alone Invincible)
2277:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1603:
1372:"Samuel Eliot Morison Prize previous winners"
826:British Intelligence in the Second World War;
605:(CH) for services to military studies in the
555:International Institute for Strategic Studies
344:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1500:(Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1990) pp. 3-61.
1118:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1055:
974:
722:Grand Strategy, August 1942 – September 1943
587:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
501:significance of war. In his account of the
1174:(Supplement). 25 January 1944. p. 518.
1154:(Supplement). 26 January 1943. p. 531.
1108:
16:For other people named Michael Howard, see
1610:
1596:
1449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1124:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380880
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929:Captain Professor: A Life in War and Peace
634:
564:
355:as "Britain's greatest living historian".
70:
2267:Chichele Professors of the History of War
1471:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
1288:(Supplement). 10 June 1977. p. 7089.
1338:
1318:
1298:
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692:, 1961. Republished by Methuen, 1981.
320:Chichele Professor of the History of War
2317:Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
2292:English people of German-Jewish descent
1421:. Barnsley (South Yorkshire, England).
1328:(Supplement). 15 June 2002. p. 25.
1115:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1004:
674:The Coldstream Guards, co-written with
509:, including preparing a translation of
367:Howard was born on 29 November 1922 in
2237:British Army personnel of World War II
2179:
1308:(Supplement). 13 June 1986. p. 2.
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621:for lifetime achievement given by the
23:English military historian (1922–2019)
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710:Lord Haldane and the Territorial Army
615:Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
580:
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413:on 4 December 1942. He was given the
372:
349:In 2013, Howard was described in the
2297:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
1190:British Journal for Military History
1061:"Max Hastings' brief history of war"
1022:Thorpe, Vanessa (30 November 2019).
724:, Volume IV, Grand Strategy series,
1087:
553:. He was president emeritus of the
13:
2282:Editors of the Round Table Journal
2227:Academics of King's College London
1214:
998:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.20910
436:
328:Regius Professor of Modern History
148:Regius Professor of Modern History
14:
2383:
2222:21st-century English male writers
2207:20th-century English male writers
1523:
1509:, Volume 49, 1985. pages 179–183.
1498:The Limitations of Military Power
1359:Kungliga Krigsvetenskapsakademien
603:Order of the Companions of Honour
2362:Recipients of the Military Cross
2307:Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
2302:Fellows of King's College London
2212:21st-century English LGBT people
2197:20th-century English LGBT people
1545:Works by or about Michael Howard
1224:Cowell, Alan (1 December 2019).
897:
601:. He was later appointed to the
549:Centre for Military Archives at
2252:British historians of espionage
2232:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
2217:21st-century English historians
2202:20th-century English historians
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1261:(1986) Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
1251:
726:History of the Second World War
629:Coat of arms of Michael Howard
573:. Howard died at a hospital in
445:, where he helped to found the
18:Michael Howard (disambiguation)
2312:Fellows of the British Academy
1196:
1178:
1158:
1138:
1049:
792:, 1979 edited by M. E. Howard.
784:War and the Liberal Conscience
617:. In 1992, he was awarded the
1:
2337:Members of the Order of Merit
1479:Also available as an e-book.
1461:
1259:1945: Einde van een tijdperk?
427:First Battle of Monte Cassino
362:
342:. In 1958, he co-founded the
1541:podcast, The British Academy
1376:Society for Military History
1348:. 20 May 2005. p. 6631.
1132:UK public library membership
623:Society for Military History
515:with the American historian
7:
2257:British military historians
10:
2388:
2322:Historians of World War II
2272:Coldstream Guards officers
1415:Jones, Craig, ed. (2019).
619:Samuel Eliot Morison Prize
541:. Howard helped found the
529:In 1985, he delivered the
15:
2327:Historians of World War I
2139:
2040:
1917:
1818:
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1626:
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1566:
1561:
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906:interview with Howard on
896:
891:
543:Department of War Studies
447:Department of War Studies
417:253901. He fought in the
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30:
2262:British military writers
1729:F. S. L. Lyons
1725:R. J. W. Evans
967:
732:Studies in War and Peace
287:Sir Michael Eliot Howard
2372:Yale University faculty
2247:British autobiographers
2242:British LGBT historians
1767:Richard Davenport-Hines
1361:, retrieved 2017-03-19.
744:War in European History
684:Disengagement in Europe
667:
585:Howard was appointed a
565:Personal life and death
524:War in European History
1516:27.4 (2020): 536-551.
931:(autobiography), 2006
843:The Lessons of History
386:. He graduated with a
1620:Wolfson History Prize
1059:(13 September 2013).
824:, 1990, (Volume 5 of
607:2002 Birthday Honours
599:1986 Birthday Honours
591:1977 Birthday Honours
551:King's College London
533:in the Dutch city of
443:King's College London
429:, he was awarded the
384:Christ Church, Oxford
338:, and founder of the
322:, Honorary Fellow of
223:Years of service
125:Christ Church, Oxford
2287:English LGBT writers
2118:Christopher de Hamel
332:University of Oxford
185:Mark Anthony James (
83:Michael Eliot Howard
2153:Sudhir Hazareesingh
2092:Catherine Merridale
2031:Margaret M. McGowan
1977:Diarmaid MacCulloch
1830:Donald Cameron Watt
1826:Richard A. Fletcher
1580:Sir Laurence Martin
1075:on 11 December 2022
923:The First World War
908:The First World War
822:Strategic Deception
764:Carl von Clausewitz
630:
571:Eastbury, Berkshire
539:1945: End of an Era
537:, under the title:
507:Carl von Clausewitz
503:Franco-Prussian War
423:landings at Salerno
2112:Nikolaus Wachsmann
2082:Christopher Duggan
1345:The London Gazette
1325:The London Gazette
1305:The London Gazette
1285:The London Gazette
1230:The New York Times
1171:The London Gazette
1151:The London Gazette
1110:Holden-Reid, Brian
628:
581:Awards and honours
485:Historical writing
397:Howard joined the
380:Wellington College
316:military historian
2174:
2173:
2088:Cyprian Broodbank
2072:Alexandra Walsham
2052:Jonathan Sumption
2003:Christopher Clark
1959:William Dalrymple
1735:J. W. Burrow
1664:Frances Donaldson
1586:
1585:
1577:Succeeded by
1557:Academic offices
1428:978-1-5267-6528-4
1382:on 8 January 2018
1130:(Subscription or
919:
918:
884:978-1-86197-218-7
851:978-0-19821-581-3
828:series edited by
816:The Causes of War
665:
664:
479:Margaret Thatcher
411:Coldstream Guards
407:second lieutenant
324:All Souls College
284:
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255:Coldstream Guards
187:Civil Partnership
166:Hugh Trevor-Roper
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2332:Knights Bachelor
2102:Alexander Watson
1882:H. C. G. Matthew
1856:Robert Skidelsky
1684:Denis Mack Smith
1674:Nikolaus Pevsner
1612:
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1549:Internet Archive
1507:Military Affairs
1491:The RUSI Journal
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419:Italian Campaign
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892:External videos
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595:Knight Bachelor
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559:British Academy
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437:Academic career
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336:Yale University
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644:
639:
611:Order of Merit
582:
579:
566:
563:
486:
483:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
438:
435:
431:Military Cross
394:(MA) in 1948.
392:Master of Arts
364:
361:
282:
281:
278:
277:
275:Military Cross
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
244:
242:Service number
238:
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232:
228:
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208:
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206:United Kingdom
204:
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190:
183:
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178:
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169:
168:
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159:
158:
155:
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145:
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133:
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122:
118:
117:
111:
109:(aged 97)
103:
99:
98:
95:
82:
80:
76:
75:
67:
66:
39:
37:Michael Howard
36:
31:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2384:
2373:
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2368:
2365:
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2298:
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2275:
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2205:
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2200:
2198:
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2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:Clare Jackson
2157:
2154:
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2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2130:Mary Fulbrook
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:Richard Vinen
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:Susan Brigden
2076:
2073:
2069:
2068:Susie Harries
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
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2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:Rosemary Hill
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:Chris Wickham
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:Richard Overy
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:Robert Gildea
1960:
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1954:
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1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1925:Joanna Bourke
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:Antony Beevor
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:Orlando Figes
1886:
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1877:
1873:
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1805:Richard Evans
1803:
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1778:
1777:J. H. Elliott
1775:
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1648:Frances Yates
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1397:
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1367:
1360:
1355:
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1341:
1335:
1327:
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1321:
1315:
1307:
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1301:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1267:90-351-0352-1
1264:
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1239:
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1187:
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1173:
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1161:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1121:
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1116:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
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937:0-826-49125-1
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861:
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854:
852:
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839:
838:0-11-630954-7
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831:
830:F. H. Hinsley
827:
823:
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804:0-192-87608-2
801:
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727:
723:
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708:
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699:
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695:
691:
688:
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682:
679:
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672:
671:
658:
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641:
640:
637:
633:
632:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:(CBE) in the
588:
578:
576:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
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525:
520:
518:
514:
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508:
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416:
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400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376: Edinger
375:
370:
360:
358:
354:
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347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
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259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
209:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
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160:
156:
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149:
146:
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34:
29:
26:
19:
1993:Evelyn Welch
1939:Mark Mazower
1852:Linda Colley
1846:Alan Bullock
1809:Paul Kennedy
1797:
1761:Maurice Keen
1751:Kenneth Rose
1700:Richard Cobb
1688:Simon Schama
1678:Norman Stone
1668:Olwen Hufton
1654:Moses Finley
1644:W. L. Warren
1638:Keith Thomas
1633:
1567:
1562:
1513:
1506:
1497:
1493:(2021): 1-9.
1490:
1468:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:the original
1366:
1354:
1343:
1334:
1323:
1314:
1303:
1294:
1283:
1274:
1258:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1229:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1169:
1160:
1149:
1140:
1113:
1079:14 September
1077:. Retrieved
1072:the original
1064:
1057:Max Hastings
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1028:The Guardian
1027:
987:
954:
948:
928:
922:
907:
903:
875:
855:
842:
825:
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689:
683:
676:John Sparrow
673:
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568:
547:Liddell Hart
538:
528:
523:
521:
510:
499:sociological
488:
475:
440:
403:commissioned
399:British Army
396:
366:
357:The Guardian
356:
350:
348:
286:
285:
261:Battles/wars
217:British Army
189:: 2006–2019)
176:John Elliott
107:(2019-11-30)
25:
2192:2019 deaths
2187:1922 births
2058:Ruth Harris
2017:John Darwin
2007:Vic Gatrell
1953:Jerry White
1935:Ian Kershaw
1894:John Brewer
1836:Colin Platt
1791:John Pemble
1787:Rees Davies
1708:Mary Soames
1530:Appearances
1386:25 December
1340:"No. 57645"
1320:"No. 56595"
1300:"No. 50551"
1280:"No. 47234"
1243:30 November
1166:"No. 36349"
1146:"No. 35880"
1041:30 November
772:Peter Paret
678:, 1920–1946
609:and to the
517:Peter Paret
318:, formerly
162:Predecessor
2181:Categories
2027:Mary Beard
2011:Adam Tooze
1943:Roy Porter
1842:John Bossy
1771:John Grigg
1574:1962–1968
1462:References
1437:1127052600
1134:required.)
796:Clausewitz
649:Escutcheon
363:Early life
235:Lieutenant
203:Allegiance
136:Occupation
89:1922-11-29
1563:New title
1485:700983052
1445:cite book
1238:0362-4331
1036:0261-3077
989:Who's Who
904:Booknotes
832:; HMSO).
798:, 1983 .
759:251597992
746:, 1976 .
491:campaigns
409:into the
226:1942–1945
172:Successor
157:1980–1989
139:Historian
121:Education
115:, England
1798:no award
1568:Head of
1477:25281770
992:. 2007.
944:64313950
925:, 2003 .
878:, 2000.
871:30473599
845:, 1991.
786:, 1978 .
653:(Eliot).
545:and the
401:and was
211:Service/
1547:at the
1404:. 2003.
1192:. 2022.
811:8709266
780:, 1978.
740:, 1972.
734:, 1970.
718:, 1967.
712:, 1967.
705:8008934
686:, 1958.
680:, 1951.
597:in the
575:Swindon
495:battles
330:at the
311:FRHistS
182:Partner
113:Swindon
62:FRHistS
2167:(2023)
2161:(2022)
2155:(2021)
2149:(2020)
2132:(2019)
2126:(2018)
2120:(2017)
2114:(2016)
2104:(2015)
2094:(2014)
2084:(2013)
2074:(2012)
2064:(2011)
2054:(2010)
2033:(2009)
2023:(2008)
2013:(2007)
1999:(2006)
1989:(2005)
1979:(2004)
1965:(2003)
1955:(2002)
1945:(2001)
1931:(2000)
1910:(1999)
1900:(1998)
1890:(1997)
1884:(1996)
1878:(1995)
1868:(1994)
1858:(1993)
1848:(1992)
1838:(1991)
1832:(1990)
1811:(1989)
1801:(1988)
1793:(1987)
1783:(1986)
1773:(1985)
1763:(1984)
1753:(1983)
1743:(1982)
1737:(1981)
1731:(1980)
1710:(1979)
1696:(1978)
1690:(1977)
1680:(1976)
1670:(1975)
1660:(1974)
1650:(1973)
1640:(1972)
1534:C-SPAN
1518:online
1483:
1475:
1435:
1425:
1265:
1236:
1128:
1034:
959:
951:, 2007
942:
935:
914:C-SPAN
882:
869:
862:
849:
836:
809:
802:
768:On War
757:
750:
728:(1970)
703:
696:
593:and a
535:Leiden
512:On War
455:Reader
271:Awards
246:253901
213:branch
2140:2020s
2041:2010s
1918:2000s
1819:1990s
1718:1980s
1627:1970s
968:Notes
656:Motto
643:Crest
405:as a
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
144:Title
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
1481:OCLC
1473:OCLC
1451:link
1433:OCLC
1423:ISBN
1388:2017
1263:ISBN
1245:2022
1234:ISSN
1081:2013
1043:2019
1032:ISSN
957:ISBN
940:OCLC
933:ISBN
880:ISBN
867:OCLC
860:ISBN
847:ISBN
834:ISBN
807:OCLC
800:ISBN
755:OCLC
748:ISBN
701:OCLC
694:ISBN
668:Work
493:and
382:and
251:Unit
231:Rank
154:Term
102:Died
79:Born
1532:on
1120:doi
994:doi
374:née
307:FBA
299:CBE
58:FBA
50:CBE
33:Sir
2183::
2110:/
2100:/
2090:/
2080:/
2070:/
2060:/
2050:/
2029:/
2019:/
2009:/
2005:/
1995:/
1985:/
1975:/
1971:/
1961:/
1951:/
1941:/
1937:/
1927:/
1906:/
1896:/
1874:/
1864:/
1854:/
1844:/
1828:/
1807:/
1789:/
1779:/
1769:/
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1749:/
1727:/
1706:/
1702:/
1686:/
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1656:/
1646:/
1636:/
1447:}}
1443:{{
1431:.
1374:.
1342:.
1322:.
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1282:.
1232:.
1228:.
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912:,
766:,
625:.
561:.
519:.
481:.
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326:,
303:MC
295:CH
291:OM
129:MA
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1453:)
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1390:.
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1126:.
1122::
1083:.
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1000:.
996::
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131:)
127:(
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87:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
