1931:
1910:
1264:
1138:
1108:
1018:
1063:
250:
1332:
718:. According to the official biography of Żymierski, published anonymously in 1986, in February 1940 an underground civil court composed of anti-Piłsudski activists considered the 1927 arrest and sentencing of Żymierski as unjust and rehabilitated him. The civil court was probably unaware that Żymierski was then an agent of the NKVD, and the court's decision had no legal significance and force in the light of the applicable criminal law of the Second Polish Republic, as the only judicial authorities that could acquit Żymierski under the conditions of the occupation was the judicial system operating from May 1940.
1093:
1181:
988:
973:
232:
1153:
943:
274:
262:
1467:
1048:
1033:
958:
931:
1167:
1930:
1903:
1487:
1078:
1433:
1448:
915:
903:
1917:
1421:
887:
47:
1409:
1370:
1003:
1924:
1351:
2007:
472:
1389:
1123:
675:
870:
1205:
1938:
1890:
2144:
695:
579:
1234:
1220:
1309:
1279:
1249:
765:
1593:
W 1927 roku wyszły na światło dzienne malwersacje, jakich Żymierski dokonał w okresie sprawowania funkcji ministerialnej. Podczas procesu udowodniono mu popełnienie nadużyć i przyjęcie korzyści majątkowych. Niezawisły sąd skazał go prawomocnie na degradację, wydalenie z wojska i 5 lat więzienia.
1594:
Translation: "In 1927, the embezzlement that Żymierski made during his ministerial office came to light. During the trial, he was found to have committed abuses and accepted financial benefits. An independent court sentenced him to final degradation, expulsion and 5 years in prison."
1294:
1299:
602:
as the Deputy Chief of
Administration of the Polish Army. Żymierski was appointed deputy head of the Army Administration for Armaments, where he was responsible for finances and purchases of military equipment at the Ministry of Military Affairs.
2383:
772:
On June 15, 1945, when the controversy over establishing the border with
Czechoslovakia intensified, Żymierski, replacing the absent prime minister, issued an ultimatum to the Czechoslovak side. After its rejection, Polish troops entered
1550:
on 1989, city councils of
Bielsko-Biała, Kraków, Włocławek, Płock and Chełm passed resolutions that declared the withdrawal of Żymierski's honorary citizenship because of his role in implementing the communist regime in Poland.
1269:
1284:
1254:
2208:
638:
charged him with bribery and embezzlement. Following an official investigation, he was court-martialled and demoted to private first class, expelled from the army and sentenced to five years in prison.
2313:
618:"A very good officer of the General Staff in the higher commands, talented, very dutiful, very active, excellent educator of the officer corps, very good administrator, with great initiative."
2308:
2288:
1113:
2038:
2273:
2258:
2283:
2083:
2268:
2338:
2178:
2323:
2293:
1670:
Alojzy
Zielecki (2006). "Polish independence movement in Sanok and the region against the backdrop of national events at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries".
2343:
1314:
2318:
2047:
1172:
2348:
2298:
2031:
454:, where he graduated from the school of reserve officers. After his brother committed a widely publicised murder-robbery in Kraków, he began to call himself
643:
later claimed that accusing Żymierski of corruption was a kind of political revenge on the part of Józef Piłsudski and was supposed to indirectly discredit
1620:
714:). He unsuccessfully applied for return to the army. In the fall of 1939, he obtained false documents in the name of Zwoliński which he used it during the
2303:
1053:
1038:
2263:
2223:
530:
in May 1918, he served in command positions in the Polish
Military Organization in Russia. He was the commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment in the
2368:
2213:
2024:
749:
2373:
1580:
495:, where on October 23, 1914 he was seriously wounded. In the summer of 1915, after his promotion to the rank of major, he served as commander of
662:. His secret engagement with Moscow was discontinued when Stalin ordered the dissolution of the Polish Communist Party (KPP) in 1938 during the
2278:
2218:
2188:
1808:
1068:
857:
He died in Warsaw on 15 October 1989 and was the last person to hold the rank of
Marshal of Poland. He was buried with full military honors at
823:, Żymierski was arrested in 1952. However, he was released in 1955 without any charges. He was rehabilitated by the Polish government in 1956.
2193:
2243:
651:
231:
2353:
2198:
1870:
2333:
948:
2378:
2248:
591:
546:. In March 1919, he was appointed commander of the Ciechanów Military District. In August 1919, in connection with the outbreak of the
503:
of 1917, he retired from the Austro-Hungarian army with rank of lieutenant colonel and returned to Kraków, where he graduated from the
808:. Until 1949, he also held the post of Minister of National Defence. In this year, he was replaced by the Polish-born Soviet Marshal,
550:, he became the head of the branch of the Supreme Command for the Silesian Uprising with the task of managing the insurgent action in
2358:
2328:
2253:
1842:
1836:
2363:
741:
1438:
1263:
563:
610:, in his memoirs written in exile succinctly commented on his economic talents. In his 1921 opinion about Żymierski, Marshal
61:
17:
2238:
785:
1909:
744:
back to the rank of
General and became the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army fighting alongside the Soviet Union (the
1144:
1083:
2173:
1158:
1107:
2183:
1337:
1137:
1098:
2203:
1863:
607:
839:
745:
404:
217:
514:, he was the initiator of the rebellion of 2nd Legion Brigade and its breakthrough through the front during the
2133:
1239:
978:
1492:
655:
480:
296:
1588:
1356:
732:. In 1943, by Soviet executive order, he was named the deputy commander of the Communist and Soviet-backed
722:
496:
858:
2228:
1856:
1453:
963:
715:
531:
488:
484:
279:
193:
921:
778:
710:
at the onset of World War II, and soon resumed his clandestine work for the NKVD (as revealed first by
324:
123:
1017:
627:
526:
following his promotion to the rank of colonel. After the corps was disarmed by the
Germans after the
1635:
1186:
1062:
659:
523:
203:
1656:
1613:
84:
2233:
993:
797:
594:. He then completed an internship at the French General Staff. Upon his return, he was promoted to
450:
in 1910, but was drafted a year later. In the years 1911–1912, he served compulsory service in the
210:
1331:
1965:
1375:
1023:
827:
812:, who received the rank of Marshal of Poland and held his office until 1956. As a consequence of
796:
and non-communist politicians, as well as for the deployment of the Polish Army against Poland's
644:
611:
547:
447:
2093:
1180:
1092:
1983:
1300:
Jubilee Medal "In
Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
1152:
809:
267:
137:
2108:
2073:
2058:
972:
1643:
1600:
847:
756:, January–June 1945). On 3 May 1945, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland.
451:
289:
2098:
1466:
942:
711:
515:
507:. He later became the commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment in the Polish Auxiliary Corps.
91:
2168:
2163:
1947:
635:
2128:
2103:
2016:
987:
826:
After the end of
Stalinism in Poland, he held various posts, including deputy head of the
8:
2088:
2068:
1547:
1166:
843:
578:
443:
303:
2078:
1047:
1032:
957:
930:
527:
2123:
1768:
707:
699:
679:
435:
1755:
Polacy w II wojnie światowej: kim byli, co robili. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rytm"
1486:
820:
492:
106:
1992:
1879:
1675:
1077:
801:
781:. The order was quickly suspended by a decision of the Polish political authorities.
683:
623:
555:
415:
375:
371:
347:
34:
1916:
1902:
1128:
674:
2118:
1447:
1432:
1395:
1210:
914:
902:
893:
793:
567:
2384:
Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
1923:
1511:
1420:
1233:
886:
46:
1473:
1408:
1369:
1341:
1002:
774:
687:
511:
399:
255:
173:
519:
1956:
1515:
1379:
1350:
1225:
1008:
733:
559:
403:; 4 September 1890 – 15 October 1989) was a Polish high-ranking
357:
310:
2006:
2157:
1679:
1477:
789:
729:
551:
471:
118:
1270:
Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
1255:
Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
1219:
2113:
1539:
1388:
1285:
Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
1122:
861:
in Warsaw. Żymierski's grave was desecrated twice by unknown perpetrators.
737:
640:
411:
379:
317:
1308:
1278:
1248:
869:
663:
543:
500:
367:
1114:
Medal "For Participation in the Fights in Defense of the People's Power"
764:
650:
Upon his release in 1931, Żymierski went to France. He was recruited by
1496:
838:, an organisation of Polish war veterans). He was also a member of the
566:. For his performance during this phase of the war, he was awarded the
1531:
2063:
1848:
1543:
1535:
1204:
850:, Żymierski also became a member of its Central Committee and of the
813:
654:
and became a well-paid secret agent delivering information about the
438:, to the family of railway clerk, Wojciech Łyżwiński. He joined the
2209:
Members of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party
1937:
582:Żymierski as deputy head of the administration of Polish Army (1924)
431:
169:
1584:
439:
1636:"Michał Rola-Żymierski. Honorowy Obywatel Miasta (tytuł odebrany)"
1527:
1523:
1519:
777:. Żymierski announced the further advance of Polish troops beyond
522:. After the front had passed, he became the chief of staff of the
483:. He initially served as a company and battalion commander of the
1889:
1360:
805:
726:
694:
631:
595:
2143:
1809:
Niechciani honorowi obywatele. Miasta zmagają się z przeszłością
1293:
1414:
Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (France)
1399:
831:
599:
518:. Then he handed over the command of this formation to General
189:
1426:
Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (France)
1510:Żymierski received the title of 'Honorary Citizen' of cities
1457:
816:
587:
562:. He served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade and then the
706:Żymierski returned to Poland shortly before the Nazi-Soviet
2289:
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class
2046:
936:
Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1925)
408:
2314:
Recipients of the Order of the Builders of People's Poland
446:. At the age of 20, he enrolled at the law faculty of the
418:, and served in this position from 1945 until his death.
1707:
1692:
2309:
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
788:. He was responsible for repressions against the former
626:, he defended the democratically elected government of
2274:
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
1578:
1173:
Gold Medal "For Merit for the National Defense League"
830:(between 1956 and 1967) and the honorary head of the
1633:
2259:
People of the Polish May Coup (pro-government side)
1752:
800:fighters; and the roundup of Ukrainian families in
1825:Red Eagle: The army in Polish politics 1944-1988.
606:One of his subordinates and later Prime Minister
2339:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
2179:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
2155:
1315:Medal "For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms"
1054:Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland
1039:Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland
750:Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland
479:When World War I erupted in 1914, he joined the
2294:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
1669:
558:, he took over a section of the front near the
2344:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
2284:Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
873:Żymierski's grave at Powązki Military Cemetery
721:Under the pseudonym "Rola", he engaged in the
2319:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
2032:
1864:
1740:Świderska "Jakub Berman. Biografia komunisty"
1619:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
836:Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy
2349:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
2324:Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero
2299:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
2269:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
1591:. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30.
1454:Grand Officer of Order of the Crown of Italy
908:Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (1921)
1722:
784:From 1946, Żymierski served as head of the
2304:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
2039:
2025:
1871:
1857:
1793:
740:. He was promoted by the Communist-backed
686:and Michał Rola-Żymierski standing on the
51:Michał Rola-Żymierski as Marshal of Poland
45:
2264:Polish military personnel of World War II
754:Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
407:leader, communist military commander and
949:Order of the Builders of People's Poland
868:
763:
693:
673:
577:
470:
122:(as Minister of National Defence of the
2369:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit
2214:Ministers of national defence of Poland
2048:Ministers of National Defence of Poland
1627:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1069:Medal "For Oder, Neisse and the Baltic"
742:Polish Committee of National Liberation
510:In February 1918, after the signing of
14:
2156:
1878:
1737:
1396:National Order of the Legion of Honour
74:5 July 1945 – 6 November 1949
2279:Grand Crosses of the Virtuti Militari
2219:Members of the State National Council
2189:Communist Party of Poland politicians
2020:
1852:
1843:Sprawa karna Michała Żymierskiego (3)
1837:Sprawa karna Michała Żymierskiego (2)
864:
748:). He was Minister of Defence in the
592:École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
475:Żymierski during the First World War
398:
2374:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery
2244:Polish Military Organisation members
2224:Members of the Polish Sejm 1947–1952
1561:
537:
2354:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2199:Collaborators with the Soviet Union
1357:Commander of the Order of the Crown
1145:Medal of Merit for National Defence
630:. After the coup, in 1927, the new
24:
2334:Recipients of the Order of Victory
1817:
736:, and from 1944, the commander of
461:
25:
2395:
2379:Prisoners and detainees of Poland
2249:Polish legionnaires (World War I)
2194:Polish Workers' Party politicians
1830:
1725:Marszałek Polski Michał Żymierski
1708:Jaroslaw Palka; Jerzy Poksiński.
1693:Jaroslaw Palka; Jerzy Poksiński.
2359:Officers of the Legion of Honour
2329:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
2254:Polish Auxiliary Corps personnel
2142:
2005:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1888:
1485:
1465:
1446:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1387:
1368:
1349:
1330:
1307:
1292:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1232:
1218:
1203:
1179:
1165:
1151:
1136:
1121:
1106:
1091:
1076:
1061:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1001:
986:
971:
956:
941:
929:
913:
901:
885:
400:[ˈmixawˈrɔlaʐɨˈmjɛrskʲi]
272:
260:
248:
230:
2364:Knights of the Legion of Honour
1802:
1787:
1710:"Michael Żymierski 1890 - 1989"
1695:"Michael Żymierski 1890 - 1989"
1579:Informacja historyczna (2012).
746:Polish Armed Forces in the East
669:
1769:""Michał Żymierski 1890-1989""
1761:
1746:
1731:
1716:
1701:
1686:
1663:
1581:"Michał Żymierski (1890–1989)"
1240:Order of Friendship of Peoples
979:Order of the Cross of Grunwald
586:After the war, he was sent to
542:In 1918, he joined the reborn
466:
13:
1:
1634:Prof. Jacek Wijaczka (2016).
1554:
564:2nd Legions Infantry Division
421:
1099:Medal of Victory and Freedom
1084:Medal "For Warsaw 1939-1945"
840:Polish United Workers' Party
786:Commission of State Security
497:Polish Military Organisation
218:Polish United Workers' Party
62:Minister of National Defence
7:
2239:Polish Rifle Squads members
1753:Paweł Dubiel; Józef Kozak.
964:Order of the Banner of Work
759:
716:German occupation of Poland
608:Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski
573:
491:and in the vicinity of the
489:Battle of Laski and Anielin
10:
2400:
1589:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
1493:Order of the People's Hero
922:Order of Polonia Restituta
779:Olza, Silesian Voivodeship
698:Rola-Żymierski during the
590:, where he graduated from
487:. Żymierski fought in the
124:Polish government-in-exile
2140:
2134:Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
2054:
2003:
1895:
1886:
1213:(No. 17 – 9 August 1945)
996:, four times (1921,1922)
859:Powązki Military Cemetery
660:Communist Party of Poland
532:4th Polish Rifle Division
524:Polish II Corps in Russia
385:
363:
353:
343:
333:
285:
243:
238:
226:
204:Communist Party of Poland
199:
179:
152:
147:
143:
131:
112:
100:
78:
67:
60:
56:
44:
32:
2184:Polish Austro-Hungarians
1548:communist rule in Poland
1546:. Following the fall of
1159:Medal of Ludwik Waryński
798:Freedom and Independence
426:Rola-Żymierski was born
280:Polish People's Republic
194:Polish People's Republic
2204:Politicide perpetrators
2174:Politicians from Kraków
1638:. Urząd Miasta Torunia.
1472:Chief Commander of the
1439:Victory Medal 1914-1918
1376:Order of the White Lion
1338:Order of the Iron Crown
1024:Silesian Uprising Cross
852:Front of National Unity
828:National Bank of Poland
819:organised in Poland by
628:Stanisław Wojciechowski
548:First Silesian Uprising
448:Jagiellonian University
376:1926 Polish Coup d'Etat
325:People's Army of Poland
1651:Cite journal requires
1608:Cite journal requires
874:
810:Konstantin Rokossovsky
769:
768:Żymierski in the 1950s
703:
691:
656:Franco-Polish alliance
620:
598:. Żymierski served in
583:
476:
414:. He was appointed as
268:Second Polish Republic
138:Konstantin Rokossovsky
85:Edward Osóbka-Morawski
1984:Konstanty Rokossowski
1975:Michał Rola-Żymierski
1796:Towarzysze Niejasnego
872:
848:martial law in Poland
767:
697:
677:
616:
581:
505:Kraków Trading School
474:
452:Austro-Hungarian Army
442:and later joined the
392:Michał Rola-Żymierski
334:Years of service
290:Austro-Hungarian Army
211:Polish Workers' Party
39:Michał Rola-Żymierski
2094:Bronisław Komorowski
2084:Stanisław Dobrzański
1775:. September 25, 2015
2109:Aleksander Szczygło
2089:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
2074:Piotr Kołodziejczyk
2069:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
2059:Piotr Kołodziejczyk
1742:. pp. 166–168.
1394:Grand Cross of the
981:, 1st class (1945)
966:, 1st class (1964)
920:Grand Cross of the
892:Grand Cross of the
846:'s introduction of
844:Wojciech Jaruzelski
790:resistance fighters
652:Soviet intelligence
444:Polish Rifle Squads
2229:Marshals of Poland
2124:Antoni Macierewicz
2099:Jerzy Szmajdziński
1966:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
1880:Marshals of Poland
1823:Andrew A. Michta,
1798:. pp. 29, 37.
875:
865:Honours and awards
770:
708:invasion of Poland
704:
700:Potsdam Conference
692:
680:Karol Świerczewski
645:Władysław Sikorski
634:regime of Marshal
612:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
584:
516:Battle of Rarańcza
477:
436:Austrian Partition
92:Józef Cyrankiewicz
2151:
2150:
2129:Mariusz Błaszczak
2104:Radosław Sikorski
2014:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1993:Marian Spychalski
1727:. pp. 88–89.
1723:Wydawnictwo MON.
1503:
1502:
1320:
1319:
1193:
1192:
802:Operation Vistula
792:, members of the
725:with Nazi German
684:Marian Spychalski
556:Polish-Soviet War
538:Polish-Soviet war
416:Marshal of Poland
389:
388:
372:Polish-Soviet War
348:Marshal of Poland
329:
322:
315:
308:
301:
294:
222:
215:
208:
127:
102:General Secretary
96:
89:
27:Marshal of Poland
16:(Redirected from
2391:
2146:
2119:Tomasz Siemoniak
2079:Zbigniew Okoński
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2009:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1794:Piotr Lipiński.
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1576:
1506:Honorary Citizen
1489:
1469:
1450:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1391:
1372:
1353:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1222:
1211:Order of Victory
1207:
1200:
1199:
1187:Wound Decoration
1183:
1169:
1155:
1140:
1125:
1110:
1095:
1080:
1065:
1050:
1035:
1020:
1005:
990:
975:
960:
945:
933:
917:
905:
894:Virtuti Militari
889:
882:
881:
794:Polish 2nd Corps
658:. He joined the
624:1926 coup d'état
568:Virtuti Militari
528:Battle of Kaniów
428:Michał Łyżwiński
402:
397:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
278:
276:
275:
266:
264:
263:
254:
252:
251:
239:Military service
234:
220:
213:
206:
186:
167:4 September 1890
166:
164:
157:Michał Łyżwiński
148:Personal details
134:
121:
115:
103:
94:
87:
81:
72:
49:
30:
29:
21:
18:Michał Żymierski
2399:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2234:Polish generals
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2138:
2050:
2045:
2015:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1948:Józef Piłsudski
1893:
1882:
1877:
1833:
1820:
1818:Further reading
1815:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1721:
1717:
1706:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1672:Rocznik Sanocki
1668:
1664:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1562:
1557:
1474:Legion of Merit
1342:Austria-Hungary
1323:Other countries
994:Cross of Valour
867:
821:Bolesław Bierut
775:Cieszyn Silesia
762:
723:Soviet dealings
688:Lusatian Neisse
672:
636:Józef Piłsudski
576:
540:
512:Treaty of Brest
493:Dęblin Fortress
469:
464:
462:Military career
424:
405:Communist Party
395:
378:
374:
370:
338:
323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
273:
271:
270:
261:
259:
258:
256:Austria-Hungary
249:
247:
216:
209:
200:Political party
188:
184:
183:15 October 1989
174:Austria-Hungary
168:
162:
160:
159:
158:
132:
113:
107:Bolesław Bierut
101:
90:
79:
73:
68:
52:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1957:Ferdinand Foch
1954:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1831:External links
1829:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1786:
1760:
1757:. p. 199.
1745:
1730:
1715:
1712:. p. 103.
1700:
1685:
1662:
1653:|journal=
1626:
1610:|journal=
1559:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1380:Czechoslovakia
1373:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1226:Order of Lenin
1223:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1189:(three times)
1184:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1009:Partisan Cross
1006:
998:
997:
991:
983:
982:
976:
968:
967:
961:
953:
952:
946:
938:
937:
934:
926:
925:
918:
910:
909:
906:
898:
897:
890:
880:
879:
866:
863:
761:
758:
734:Gwardia Ludowa
671:
668:
575:
572:
560:Berezina River
539:
536:
481:Polish Legions
468:
465:
463:
460:
423:
420:
387:
386:
383:
382:
365:
361:
360:
358:Gwardia Ludowa
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
335:
331:
330:
311:People's Guard
297:Polish Legions
287:
286:Branch/service
283:
282:
245:
241:
240:
236:
235:
228:
224:
223:
201:
197:
196:
187:(aged 99)
181:
177:
176:
156:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
82:
80:Prime Minister
76:
75:
65:
64:
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2396:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2145:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1704:
1697:. p. 91.
1696:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1645:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1615:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Bielsko-Biała
1505:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:United States
1475:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:, 1st class (
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
970:
969:
965:
962:
959:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:
935:
932:
928:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
911:
907:
904:
900:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
883:
877:
876:
871:
862:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
766:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:secret police
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
712:Józef Światło
709:
701:
696:
689:
685:
681:
676:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
619:
615:
613:
609:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:. During the
553:
552:Upper Silesia
549:
545:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
473:
459:
458:around 1913.
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
419:
417:
413:
410:
406:
401:
393:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
352:
349:
346:
342:
336:
332:
326:
319:
318:People's Army
312:
305:
298:
291:
288:
284:
281:
269:
257:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
225:
219:
212:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
182:
178:
175:
171:
155:
151:
146:
142:
139:
136:
130:
125:
120:
119:Marian Kukiel
117:
111:
108:
105:
99:
93:
86:
83:
77:
71:
66:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2114:Bogdan Klich
1991:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1824:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1772:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1739:
1738:Anna Sobór.
1733:
1724:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1671:
1665:
1644:cite journal
1629:
1601:cite journal
1592:
1509:
856:
851:
835:
825:
804:against the
783:
771:
753:
738:Armia Ludowa
720:
705:
670:World War II
649:
641:Karol Popiel
621:
617:
605:
585:
541:
520:Józef Haller
509:
504:
499:. After the
478:
455:
427:
425:
412:secret agent
391:
390:
380:World War II
364:Battles/wars
185:(1989-10-15)
133:Succeeded by
69:
2169:1989 deaths
2164:1890 births
1845:at Palestra
1839:at Palestra
1674:: 199–200.
1129:Medal Rodła
842:and, after
702:in Germany.
664:Great Purge
622:During the
544:Polish Army
501:Oath Crisis
485:1st Brigade
467:World War I
368:World War I
328:(1944–1989)
314:(1942–1944)
307:(1919–1927)
304:Polish Army
300:(1914–1919)
293:(1911–1914)
221:(1948–1989)
214:(1943–1948)
207:(1931–1938)
114:Preceded by
95:(1947–1949)
88:(1945–1947)
2158:Categories
1779:August 29,
1555:References
1514:, Kraków,
1497:Yugoslavia
434:under the
422:Early life
396:pronounced
244:Allegiance
163:1890-09-04
2064:Jan Parys
1773:dzieje.pl
1680:0557-2096
1544:Sosnowiec
1536:Bydgoszcz
1516:Włocławek
1441:(France)
814:Stalinist
678:Generals
570:V class.
456:Żymierski
339:1942–1949
337:1911–1927
227:Signature
70:In office
1585:Warszawa
760:Post-war
574:Post war
440:Zarzewie
354:Commands
1540:Łęczyca
1532:Kłodzko
1361:Belgium
1302:(1969)
1287:(1985)
1272:(1975)
1257:(1965)
1242:(1973)
1131:(1987)
1116:(1983)
1101:(1945)
1086:(1945)
1071:(1945)
1056:(1984)
1041:(1974)
1026:(1947)
1011:(1946)
951:(1970)
924:(1946)
896:(1945)
806:OUN-UPA
727:Gestapo
632:sanacja
614:wrote:
596:General
35:Marshal
1678:
1400:France
878:Poland
832:ZBoWiD
817:purges
690:river.
600:Warsaw
432:Kraków
321:(1944)
277:
265:
253:
190:Warsaw
170:Kraków
1528:Toruń
1524:Chełm
1520:Płock
1458:Italy
1143:Gold
588:Paris
1781:2021
1676:ISSN
1657:help
1621:link
1614:help
1542:and
1196:USSR
409:NKVD
344:Rank
180:Died
153:Born
430:in
2160::
1771:.
1648::
1646:}}
1642:{{
1605::
1603:}}
1599:{{
1587::
1583:.
1563:^
1538:,
1534:,
1530:,
1526:,
1522:,
1518:,
1499:)
1480:)
1460:)
1402:)
1382:)
1363:)
1344:)
854:.
682:,
666:.
647:.
534:.
192:,
172:,
2040:e
2033:t
2026:v
1872:e
1865:t
1858:v
1783:.
1682:.
1659:)
1655:(
1623:)
1616:)
1612:(
1495:(
1476:(
1456:(
1398:(
1359:(
1340:(
834:(
752:(
394:(
165:)
161:(
126:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
