Mewa Singh Lopoke - Knowledge

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responsibility for the murder of W. C. Hopkinson. Furthermore, Mewa Singh claimed he had killed Hopkinson to defend the sanctity and honour of his religion, which had been desecrated by the shooting at the Vancouver Gurdwara. Singh argued that inspectors Hopkinson and Reid were behind Bela Singh's act of extreme violence. When questioned, Singh also spoke of his previous interactions with Hopkinson in his first arrest at the U.S. border in July, 1914. According to Singh, Hopkinson had pressured him to provide evidence to implicate the Shore Committee - a group of Vancouver Sikhs offering provisions and support to the Komagata Maru passengers. Additionally, Mewa Singh stated that Hopkinson tried to force him to testify in defence of Bela Singh earlier that month. Mewa Singh's sentiments can be summed up in this excerpt from his translated court statement:

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informants - became convinced that the Sikh Ghadarites in Vancouver would target him for being a spy within the community. The sudden deaths of two other Immigration Department informants – Harnam Singh Gahal and Arjan Singh – seemed to confirm Bela Singh's suspicions. On September 5, 1914, Bela Singh entered the Vancouver Gurdwara for the funeral of Arjan Singh. In response to the perceived murder of his colleagues, and under abetment of Hopkinson, Bela Singh opened fire within the Gurdwara and murdered two Sikhs. Bhag Singh Bhikhiwind, the president of the Gurdwara management committee and an anticolonial leader, was one of the two Sikhs that Bela Singh shot dead. According to testimony from Balwant Singh, the presiding

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the courtroom door, he was approached by a group of Sikhs, which included Mewa Singh. As they got closer, Mewa Singh marched up to Hopkinson, pulled out a revolver, and opened fire on him. In total, Mewa Singh shot five bullets into Hopkinson's body. After witnessing the shooting, several court employees surrounded Mewa Singh and demanded that he turn over his firearms. Mewa Singh did not resist arrest, and as the head janitor stripped him of his weapons, he said “I shoot. I go to station." As a result of Hopkinson's murder, Bela Singh's trial was immediately postponed, and the trial of Mewa Singh took its place.

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cross-border trip with the other men by chance and was never in their full confidence; (2) they purchased four revolvers; (3) Balwant Singh paid for the firearms; (4) and, according to his knowledge, the weapons were bought with the intent of convoying them to the Komagata Maru. Although Hopkinson and Reid deemed his statement unsatisfactory, Mewa Singh was not considered a major player and was released on August 7, 1914, after paying a $ 50 fine with the help of the Vancouver Sikh Gurdwara.

421: 416:"You, as Christians, would you think there was any more good left in your church if you saw people shot down, and killed in it? You would not put up with it, because it would be bringing yourselves to a Nation that is dead, to tolerate such conduct, and it is better for a Sikh to die than to bring such disgrace and ill-treatment in the temple. It is far better to die than to live." 345:) along with ammunition. Shortly after, Mewa Singh, who had crossed the border ahead of his group, was apprehended by a provincial constable for avoiding the regular check point by attempting to go through the woods. When he was arrested, Mewa Singh was found with two concealed revolvers and 300 rounds of ammunition. The other members of the group were detained by 475:

In 2015, the 100th anniversary of Mewa Singh's martyrdom was commemorated by the Prof. Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation. Taking place at the old British Columbia jail site in New Westminster at 7:45 AM - the same location and time of Mewa Singh's execution – members of the Sikh community paid tribute

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On January 11, 1915, approximately 400 Sikhs gathered outside the New Westminster jail, where Mewa Singh was executed. After he was hanged, Mewa Singh's body was turned over to the crowd of Sikhs in attendance. From there, the procession of nearly 400 carried the body for three kilometres until they

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House of British Columbia. His plan to plead self-defense hinged on proving that there had been prior threats against his life. For this to work, he required testimony from Hopkinson, who could demonstrate that Bela Singh's life had been constantly threatened. However, while Hopkinson was waiting by

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In a statement made to Hopkinson in June 1914, an informant, Bela Singh Jian, reported that Mewa Singh, who was acting as a messenger, offered him $ 500 and a ticket to India or a piece of real estate in exchange for Jian stopping his collaboration with the immigration office. A month later, on July

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A year after Mewa Singh was hanged, on January 11, 1916, he was acknowledged and eulogized in Ghadar Party literature. On the second anniversary, in 1917, Vancouver Sikhs congregated for several days at the Gurdwara by Fraser Mills, the location of Mewa Singh's cremation. In the following year, the

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and his martyrdom is celebrated every year in the Khalsa Diwan Society's Gurdwara on Ross Street. Also, this occasion is marked and celebrated by other Sikh temples across Canada, and in the United States as well. In Sikh circles, Mewa Singh is often referred to with the honorific title "Bhai" (or

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As the historian Hugh M. Johnston writes, the speed at which the BC legal system processed the case of Mewa Singh had no precedent in modern Canada. Mewa Singh's trial was held on October 21 and lasted only one hour and forty minutes. Without hesitation, Mewa Singh pleaded guilty and took absolute

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to provide evidence that would incriminate the other members of his party, and in turn, help build their case for Ghadar Party involvement with the Komagata Maru. Ultimately, Mewa Singh complied, and in the statement he gave to Hopkinson and Reid, he acknowledged the following: (1) He went on the

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officials in Vancouver played an integral role in the surveillance of Indian nationalists in North America. At the centre of this surveillance effort was W.C. Hopkinson, an immigration inspector, who established a network of moles within the city's nascent Punjabi community. Hopkinson hired these

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Neither the police nor the Vancouver Immigration officials believed that Mewa Singh acted alone. Although officials believed there to be a larger plan behind the murder, the Immigration Department was unable to make a compelling case to support these suspicions. However, officials still arrested

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against South Asian immigrants in Canada. Similarly, at the centenary of Mewa Singh's martyrdom, Sahib Singh Thind, the president of the Prof. Mohan Singh Memorial foundation, called for Mewa Singh's name to be disassociated from any criminal connection within the legal system of Canada and the

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In 2019, SAF International, a Canadian NGO that provides aid to individuals across India, visited Mewa Singh's ancestral village of Lopoke. Upon seeing the village's primary school in such disrepair, SAF announced plans to rebuild and rename the primary school in his name. The project, which is

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In the months following the return of the Komagata Maru to India in April 1914, the immigration officers in Vancouver faced backlash from the local Sikh community, whose members made headlines both as victims and as perpetrators. During this time, Bela Singh Jian - one of W.C. Hopkinson's chief

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is a forum that seeks to insert Mewa Singh's story into the mainstream by recounting the events that led to the shooting, and the social conditions that made his martyrdom inevitable. Importantly, the play was performed at the same venue where the original trial took place on October 21, 1914.

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At Mewa Singh's request, Edward Montague Woods, his court appointed lawyer, called no witnesses and conducted no cross-examination. Yet, Woods attempted to help Mewa Singh by appealing to the Minister of Justice in Ottawa, advocating for Mewa Singh's sentence to be commuted. Ultimately, Woods'

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in the Vancouver Sikh Temple, and Bhag Singh, president of the Gurdwara management committee, Mewa Singh began working with the Ghadar Party. Formed by Indians living in North America, the Ghadar Party was a movement founded in April 1913 that sought to undertake an armed struggle to

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supported by the Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar in British Columbia, Canada, began construction in early 2020. Once completed, the school will feature brand new SMART classrooms, a water reservoir, access to solar power, and a plaque that honours Mewa Singh's legacy and tells his story.

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as part of the 2018 Monsoon Festival of Performing Arts. It was the first major artistic and theatrical production to revisit and re-envision the assassination of W.C. Hopkinson and the trial of Mewa Singh. As playwright Paneet Singh explained,

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Members of the Sikh community of Vancouver, such as Gurpreet Singh, the founder of the monthly magazine Radical Desi, have called upon the Canadian government to absolve Mewa Singh of criminal charges. A petition for this cause appeared on

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As a member of the small Punjabi community in Vancouver, Mewa Singh became familiar with people on both sides of the political barrier dividing local Sikhs. On one side, there was the Ghadar Party activists, and on the other, a handful of

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who were executed by the colonial government of Canada over 150 years ago. Gurpreet Singh, who started the petition, argues that Mewa Singh's murder of W.C. Hopkinson was a political act of aggression that was in response to the wider

196:, a political act of violence for which he was executed by the Canadian government. In the eyes of Sikh Canadians, Mewa Singh's assassination of Hopkinson was a display of martyrdom, one which they commemorate annually. 349:

officials, but were eventually released two weeks later without charges against them. As the only one arrested by Canadian authorities, Mewa Singh was facing up to ten years in prison on the charges of

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several members of the Shore Committee (nearly all of them Ghadrite) with the charge of inciting Mewa Singh to murder Hopkinson. Later authorities dropped these charges for lack of evidence.

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of British Columbia and had agreed to leave Canada. However, the passengers refused to depart until the Canadian government had allocated provisions for their return across the

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 2013). "THE KOMAGATA MARU AND THE GHADR PARTY: Past and Present Aspects of a Historic Challenge to Canada's Exclusion of Immigrants from India".

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 2013). "THE KOMAGATA MARU AND THE GHADR PARTY: Past and Present Aspects of a Historic Challenge to Canada's Exclusion of Immigrants from India".

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 2013). "The Komagata Maru and the Ghadr Party: past and present aspects of a historic challenge to Canada's exclusion of immigrants from India".

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After the shooting, Bela Singh called the police and was subsequently arrested. At the police station, Bela Singh claimed that he fired in

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and he maintained an active role in the upkeep of the newly built Gurdwara. In addition to this maintenance role, he also served as a

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Painted portrait of Mewa Singh that is displayed in the Langar Hall (or dining hall) of the Khalsa Diwan Society Ross Street Gurdwara

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efforts were futile and Mewa Singh's death sentence, the mandatory punishment for murder in Canada, was not commuted.

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informants to garner information about political activists who were perceived as a threat to British rule in India.

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and the Vancouver immigration department. Through his connections with Balwant Singh, a fellow mill worker and

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number of Sikh attendees grew to five hundred, even though there were only about seven hundred Sikhs in BC.

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men who arrived in Canada in the three years before 1908, the date when the Canadian government passed the

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A profile of Mewa Singh displayed by the Khalsa Diwan Society Gurdwara in their Komagata Maru Museum.

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at the time, Mewa Singh was at the Vancouver Gurdwara when the shooting occurred and was performing

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weapons and carrying concealed firearms. He was approached by W.C. Hopkinson and immigration agent

184:: ਮੇਵਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਲੋਪੋਕੇ) was a Sikh activist in Canada who was a member of the Vancouver branch of the 1207: 330: 264:. After the inauguration of this first Gurdwara in January 1908, Mewa Singh was initiated as a 1262: 535: 305: 237: 843:"Statement of Mewa Singh, son of Nand Singh, Village of Lopoke, District of Amritsar, India" 1202: 1197: 516: 88: 754:

Johnston, Hugh (Summer 1988). "The Surveillance of Indian Nationalists in North America".

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 1988). "The Surveillance of Indian Nationalists in North America".

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 1988). "The Surveillance of Indian Nationalists in North America".

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Johnston, Hugh (Summer 1988). "The Surveillance of Indian Nationalists in North America".

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arrived at Fraser Mills, where they had received permission to cremate Mewa Singh's body.

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Mewa Singh was born in 1881 in the village of Lopoke which is located in Ajnala Tehsil of

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Sohi, Seema (2014). "Imperial Immigration Policy, Citizenship, and Ships of Revolution".

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Sohi, Seema (2014). "Imperial Immigration Policy, Citizenship, and Ships of Revolution".

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and respect to Mewa Singh for his sacrifice and contributions to the Ghadar Party.

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community leaders such as Bhag Singh Bhikhiwind and Balwant Singh Khurdpur of the

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Echoes of Mutiny: Race, Surveillance, and Indian Anticolonialism in North America

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Echoes of Mutiny: Race, Surveillance, and Indian Anticolonialism in North America

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