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244:. Progressive dies are commonly fed from a coil of steel, coil reel for unwinding of coil to a straightener to level the coil and then into a feeder which advances the material into the press and die at a predetermined feed length. Depending on part complexity, the number of stations in the die can be determined.
199:
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to protect the tool and die surface from scratching or galling. The lubricant also protects the sheet metal and finished part from the same surface abrasion as well as facilitate elastic material flow preventing rips, tears and wrinkles. There are a variety of lubricants available for this task. They
484:
Metal stamping can be applied to a variety of materials based on their unique metalworking qualities for a number of applications across a wide range of industries. Metal stamping may require the forming and processing of base common metals to rare alloys for their application-specific advantages.
433:
Stamping simulation is used when a sheet metal part designer or toolmaker desires to assess the likelihood of successfully manufacturing a sheet metal part, without the expense of making a physical tool. Stamping simulation allows any sheet metal part forming process to be simulated in the virtual
259:
It is believed that the first coins were struck by the
Lydians in what is modern-day Turkey in the seventh century B.C. Until 1550, the hammering method of coins remained the primary method of coin-making. Marx Schwab in Germany developed a new process for stamping that involved as many as 12 men
278:
Over the history of metal stamping, forging and deep drawing, presses of all types are the backbone of metals manufacturing. The processes continue to improve in moving more metal in one press stroke. Press and interconnected automation devices increase production rates, reduce labor costs and
267:
Stamped bicycle parts were being imported from
Germany to the United States in 1890. U.S. companies then started to have stamping machines custom built by U.S. machine tool makers. Through research and development, Western Wheel was able to stamp most bicycle parts.
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is a technology that calculates the process of sheet metal stamping, predicting common defects such as splits, wrinkles, springback and material thinning. Also known as forming simulation, the technology is a specific application of non-linear
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Some industries require the electrical or thermal conductivity of beryllium copper in areas such as aerospace, electrical, and the defense industry, or the high strength application of steel and its many alloys for the automotive industry.
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Stamped parts were used for mass-produced bicycles in the 1880s. Stamping replaced die forging and machining, resulting in greatly reduced cost. Although not as strong as die forged parts, they were of good enough quality.
233:, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining. This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series of stages.
476:. However, key issues such as quality control, high-volume application, and the need for material research into mechanical properties must be addressed before full-scale implementation of the technology is realized.
430:
Recent research by the
Aberdeen research company (October 2006) found that the most effective manufacturers spend more time simulating upfront and reap the rewards towards the end of their projects.
460:
has driven research into micro- forms of stamping. From the early development of micropunching machines in the early to mid-2000s to the creation and testing of a microbending machine at
275:
resisted the recommendations of his engineers to use stamped parts, but when his company could not satisfy demand with die forged parts, Ford was forced to use stamping.
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Results from a stamping simulation allow sheet metal part designers to assess alternative designs very quickly to optimize their parts for low cost manufacture.
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329:
Stretching - the surface area of a blank is increased by tension, with no inward movement of the blank edge. Often used to make smooth auto body parts.
1007:
Hyunok Kim PhD, 2008, March "Evaluation of Deep
Drawing Performance of Stamping Lubricants with Dual Phase (DP) 590 GA", Part II in III part series,
917:
Phillip Hood, 1986, Spring, "Environmental
Compliance - A Lawn and Garden Manufacturers' Approach to Stamping Lubricants and Environmental Change",
1043:
362:
is a combination of the above methods done with a set of dies in a row through which a strip of the material passes one step at a time.
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components has traditionally focused on the macro level (e.g. vehicle, aircraft, and packaging applications), the continuing trend of
927:, April 27, 1989, Marilyn Claessens, "At 75, IRMCO still a pioneer - Lubricants go down the drain by design", Evanston, IL, page 33
49:
335:- the material is squeezed and reduced in thickness along a vertical wall. Used for beverage cans and ammunition cartridge cases.
468:. Examples of applications of sheet metal microstamping include electrical connectors, micromeshes, microswitches, microcups for
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221:
surface forms the metal into a net shape. Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as
690:
445:
This section is about the industrial manufacturing process. For the ballistics stamping technology and associated laws, see
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From the
American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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300:- the material is stretched into a shallow depression. Used primarily for adding decorative patterns. See also
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turning a large wheel to press metal into coins. In the 1880s, the stamping process was further innovated.
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322:- the surface area of a blank is stretched into an alternate shape via controlled material flow. See also
399:
lubricant refers to the larger category that also includes more traditional oil and fat-based compounds.
965:
Philip Ward, 1996, July/August, "Water-Based
Stamping Lubricant Washes Away Oil-Based Lube Problems",
347:- folding an edge over onto itself to add thickness. The edges of automobile doors are usually hemmed.
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89:
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James R. Rozynek, 1995, Winter, "Case Study: Converting to Water-Based Metal
Stamping Lubricants",
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Brad F. Kuvin, 2007, February, "Forming
Advanced High Strength Steel Leaves No-Room for Error",
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in the 2010s, microstamping tools continue to be researched as alternatives to machining and
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Reducing/Necking - used to gradually reduce the diameter of the open end of a vessel or tube.
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316:- a pattern is compressed or squeezed into the material. Traditionally used to make coins.
8:
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William C. Jeffery, 1985, November, "Non-Oil
Drawing Compounds Make Dollars and Sense",
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Curling - deforming material into a tubular profile. Door hinges are a common example.
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Don Hixon, 1984, December, "Alternative Lubricant Offers Advantages for Stamping",
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383:-based, soap and acrylic-based dry films. The newest technology in the industry is
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213:) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a
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Brad F Kuvin, January, 2009, "Deep-Draw Automation returns remarkable results",
795:"The Simulation-driven Design Benchmark Report: Getting It Right the First Time"
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Bradley Jeffery, 1991, August, "Environmental Solutions for Metal Stamping",
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Brad Jeffery, 2003, April, "The Bottom Line - Getting your N-Values Worth",
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Matt Bailey, UK, 1997, May, "Non-Oil Lubricants Offer Solvent Solution",
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environment of a PC for a fraction of the expense of a physical tryout.
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817:"A review on micro-manufacturing, micro-forming and their key issues"
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The Center for Precision forming (CPF), The Ohio State University
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Robin P. Bergstrom, 1991, November, "Stamping Made Clean(er)",
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include plant and mineral oil-based, animal fat or lard-based,
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machine, a combination stamping, bending, and punching machine
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1000:
Brad F. Kuvin, 2007, May, "Dana's Giant Lube Leap of Faith",
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271:
Several automobile manufacturers adopted stamping of parts.
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951:
Brian S. Cook, 1992, January 6, "Appropriate Technology",
879:"Process Analysis and Variation Control in Micro-stamping"
472:, wristwatch components, handheld device components, and
291:- the material is deformed or bent along a straight line.
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374:
process generates friction which requires the use of a
628:(International edition. 4th ed.). Prentice Hall.
651:"Metal Stamping History | Thomas Engineering Company"
202:
Animation of a power press with a fixed barrier guard
877:
Advanced Manufacturing Processes Laboratory (2015).
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Flanging - the material is bent along a curved line.
814:
240:, but can also be used on other materials, such as
944:1991, February, "Lubricants and Environment Mix",
847:
247:Stamping is usually done on cold metal sheet. See
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979:Chris Wren, UK, 1999, June, "One Out - Oil Out"
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808:
748:. Fabricators and Manufacturers Association.
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624:Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven (2001).
358:can also be performed in stamping presses.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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427:are critical to the success of a company.
415:. The technology has many benefits in the
27:Forming metal sheets with a stamping press
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186:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
848:Dixit, U.S.; Das, R. (15 October 2012).
626:Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
197:
131:This article includes a list of general
488:Industries metal stamping is used for:
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423:, where lead time to market, cost and
236:The process is usually carried out on
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117:
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29:
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746:"Sheet Metal Stamping 101, part V"
744:Hedrick, Art (December 15, 2009).
385:polymer-based synthetic lubricants
251:for hot metal forming operations.
137:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
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279:provide more safety for workers.
45:This article has multiple issues.
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856:. CRC Press. pp. 263–282.
649:says, Jesse Kent (2015-06-26).
53:or discuss these issues on the
815:Razali, A.R.; Qin, Y. (2013).
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683:Johns Hopkins University Press
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655:Thomas Engineering News | Tips
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480:Industry-specific applications
452:While the concept of stamping
408:Sheet metal forming simulation
13:
1:
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854:Micromanufacturing Processes
850:"Chapter 15: Microextrusion"
834:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.086
797:. Aberdeen Group. 2006-10-31
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88:to comply with Knowledge's
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967:Forming & Fabricating
946:Manufacturing Engineering
881:. Northwestern University
1153:Electrohydraulic forming
600:Shearing (manufacturing)
101:may contain suggestions.
86:may need to be rewritten
1158:Electromagnetic forming
852:. In Jain, V.K. (ed.).
681:, Baltimore, Maryland:
544:Lawn care and equipment
462:Northwestern University
413:finite element analysis
152:more precise citations.
1143:Casting (metalworking)
981:Sheet Metal Industries
974:Sheet Metal Industries
760:"Sheet Metal Stamping"
417:manufacturing industry
203:
1364:Tools and terminology
584:Forming limit diagram
201:
1193:Progressive stamping
821:Procedia Engineering
595:Progressive stamping
579:Circle grid analysis
360:Progressive stamping
302:Repoussé and chasing
1395:Simulation software
1269:Finishing processes
939:Production Magazine
675:Hounshell, David A.
421:automotive industry
389:oil-free lubricants
960:Stamping Quarterly
955:, pages 51–52, 58.
919:Stamping Quarterly
425:lean manufacturing
393:non-oil lubricants
204:
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1232:Joining processes
1163:Explosive forming
1131:Forming processes
827:(2013): 665–672.
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1223:Tube bending
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1178:Hydroforming
1053:Metalworking
1016:MetalForming
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522:Construction
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95:You can help
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47:Please help
44:
1334:Fabrication
1282:Galvanizing
1122:Sheet metal
1112:Fabrication
1096:fabrication
1011:, pages 1–5
565:Power tools
526:Electronics
500:Ammunitions
497:Agriculture
454:sheet metal
395:. The term
242:polystyrene
238:sheet metal
150:introducing
1384:Categories
1354:Metallurgy
1297:Patination
1117:Piece work
898:References
801:2011-11-07
709:1104810110
660:2019-08-15
589:Four-slide
518:Commercial
514:Automotive
403:Simulation
273:Henry Ford
158:April 2009
133:references
107:March 2014
50:improve it
1349:Machining
1344:Jewellery
1312:Polishing
1277:Anodizing
1254:Soldering
1168:Extrusion
990:, page 76
907:, page 13
779:15 August
611:Footnotes
540:Jewellery
530:Fire arms
493:Aerospace
376:lubricant
372:Tribology
366:Lubricant
298:Embossing
283:Operation
99:talk page
56:talk page
1359:Smithing
1249:Riveting
1244:Crimping
1213:Spinning
1198:Punching
1183:Stamping
885:18 March
701:83016269
677:(1984),
605:Punching
573:See also
559:Plumbing
547:Lighting
381:graphite
352:Piercing
308:Blanking
225:using a
223:punching
211:pressing
207:Stamping
1369:Welding
1339:Forming
1329:Casting
1307:Plating
1302:Peening
1259:Welding
1239:Brazing
1218:Swaging
1208:Sinking
1203:Rolling
1173:Forging
1148:Drawing
1138:Coining
1105:General
1092:Forming
556:Medical
356:cutting
345:Hemming
333:Ironing
320:Drawing
314:Coining
289:Bending
255:History
249:Forging
146:improve
860:
707:
699:
689:
632:
553:Marine
135:, but
97:. The
887:2016
858:ISBN
781:2024
705:OCLC
697:LCCN
687:ISBN
630:ISBN
535:HVAC
370:The
354:and
932:MAN
829:doi
391:or
229:or
219:die
1386::
1094:,
825:53
823:.
819:.
703:,
695:,
685:,
653:.
59:.
1083:e
1076:t
1069:v
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
889:.
866:.
837:.
831::
804:.
783:.
762:.
663:.
638:.
449:.
326:.
304:.
189:)
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