178:
59:
215:, ruled by the chieftain Manuel Bagratiom. Manuel and his four sons were persuaded to cede their territory to the Byzantine Empire in exchange for titles and estates in other themes. The Armenian-populated districts of
269:) of some neighbouring theme, with its prince receiving a Byzantine title and continuing to govern it, before it was expanded into a full theme. This may also explain the peculiar custom of its
817:
802:
542:
208:
19:
This article is about the province (theme) during the middle
Byzantine era. For the preceding province in Roman antiquity until the time of Heraclius, see
535:
528:
296:
was a regional commander, controlling the central sector of
Byzantium's eastern frontier. In the 11th century, most of the attested
812:
254:
of
Mesopotamia" has been dated to c. 810, perhaps indicating the existence of a first short-lived theme there, and a seal of a
461:
263:
It is thus possible that
Mesopotamia was constituted in the late 9th century out of an Armenian principality as a division (
520:
510:
485:
235:
282:
Commanders of the theme continued to be appointed throughout the 10th century, co-existing with the new post of "
476:
434:
240:
162:
24:
20:
807:
150:
41:
551:
177:
273:
drawing, until 911, his salary not from the imperial treasury but from the customs proceeds of the
212:
211:, named Lucius, as its governor. Most of the province was formed out the Georgian principality of
502:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 4: The East
717:
8:
747:
735:
729:
622:
496:
307:
682:
587:
314:(r. 1071–1078) tried to re-establish Byzantine authority, but the province fell to the
311:
244:", there is evidence of much earlier administrative structures than that. A seal of a "
238:(r. 913–959) mentions that before its elevation to a theme, the region was an "unnamed
550:
741:
705:
664:
646:
616:
506:
481:
471:
457:
438:
303:
783:
Thrace and
Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes
771:
658:
640:
598:
555:
228:
147:
64:
45:
765:
711:
500:
451:
198:
753:
723:
699:
670:
583:
577:
428:
424:
139:
796:
676:
560:
442:
315:
58:
759:
256:
166:
158:
591:
246:
165:. The Byzantine theme was located between the rivers Arsanias (modern
610:
203:
652:
604:
260:
with the
Armenian name Mousilikes, is tentatively dated to c. 870.
216:
189:
505:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
628:
224:
220:
100:
197:
The theme was formed probably between 899 and 911, when
Emperor
153:(a military-civilian province) located in what is today eastern
265:
183:
154:
127:
284:
494:
403:
391:
379:
333:
818:
States and territories established in the 9th century
297:
274:
803:States and territories disestablished in the 1070s
794:
480:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
453:Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976–1025)
288:of Mesopotamia", established c. 975. Unlike the
231:) were then joined to it to form the new theme.
157:. It should not be confused with the region of
536:
161:or with the older Roman and early Byzantine
63:Map of the Theme of Mesopotamia within the
543:
529:
57:
302:of Mesopotamia were Armenians, including
423:
362:
176:
470:
375:
373:
371:
350:
795:
449:
407:
404:McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001
392:McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001
380:McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001
334:McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2001
524:
430:The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire
346:
344:
342:
306:and his son. In the aftermath of the
368:
456:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13:
477:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
339:
201:(r. 886–912) appointed the former
14:
829:
236:Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos
813:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
397:
385:
356:
327:
35:Μεσοποταμία, θέμα Μεσοποταμίας
1:
495:McGeer, Eric; Nesbitt, John;
321:
435:Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
219:(detached from the theme of
25:Mesopotamia (disambiguation)
21:Mesopotamia (Roman province)
7:
298:
275:
181:Seal of John Kastamonites,
10:
834:
692:Western or European themes
450:Holmes, Catherine (2005).
416:
172:
18:
16:Byzantine district (theme)
781:
691:
569:
143:
123:
119:
115:
111:
97:
87:
83:
75:
71:
56:
51:
40:
32:
570:Eastern or Asian themes
163:province of Mesopotamia
227:(part of the theme of
194:
23:. For other uses, see
180:
497:Oikonomides, Nicolas
146:) was the name of a
33:Theme of Mesopotamia
410:, pp. 322–330.
394:, pp. 140–142.
382:, pp. 134–135.
308:Battle of Manzikert
99:• Fall to the
89:• Established
808:Byzantine Anatolia
472:Kazhdan, Alexander
437:Armenian Library.
312:Michael VII Doukas
209:Province of Pontus
195:
169:) and Çimisgezek.
788:
787:
665:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
617:Bucellarian Theme
463:978-0-19-927968-5
310:in 1071, Emperor
304:Gregory Magistros
279:of his province.
234:Although Emperor
133:
132:
107:21 September 1070
825:
599:Thracesian Theme
556:Byzantine Empire
545:
538:
531:
522:
521:
516:
491:
467:
446:
411:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
366:
360:
354:
348:
337:
331:
301:
278:
145:
65:Byzantine Empire
61:
46:Byzantine Empire
30:
29:
833:
832:
828:
827:
826:
824:
823:
822:
793:
792:
789:
784:
777:
766:Cherson/Klimata
687:
565:
549:
519:
513:
499:, eds. (2001).
488:
464:
425:Charanis, Peter
419:
414:
406:, p. 135;
402:
398:
390:
386:
378:
369:
361:
357:
353:, p. 1348.
349:
340:
332:
328:
324:
175:
104:
90:
62:
36:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
831:
821:
820:
815:
810:
805:
786:
785:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
695:
693:
689:
688:
686:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
605:Opsician Theme
601:
595:
584:Armeniac Theme
580:
578:Anatolic Theme
573:
571:
567:
566:
548:
547:
540:
533:
525:
518:
517:
511:
492:
486:
474:, ed. (1991).
468:
462:
447:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:
396:
384:
367:
355:
338:
336:, p. 134.
325:
323:
320:
193:of Mesopotamia
174:
171:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:Historical era
73:
72:
69:
68:
54:
53:
52:899/900s–1070s
49:
48:
38:
37:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
830:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
791:
780:
773:
769:
767:
763:
761:
757:
755:
751:
749:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
725:
721:
719:
715:
713:
709:
707:
703:
701:
697:
696:
694:
690:
684:
680:
678:
674:
672:
668:
666:
662:
660:
656:
654:
650:
648:
644:
642:
638:
636:
632:
630:
626:
624:
620:
618:
614:
612:
608:
606:
602:
600:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
579:
575:
574:
572:
568:
563:
562:
561:De Thematibus
558:according to
557:
553:
546:
541:
539:
534:
532:
527:
526:
523:
514:
512:0-88402-282-X
508:
504:
503:
498:
493:
489:
487:0-19-504652-8
483:
479:
478:
473:
469:
465:
459:
455:
454:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
409:
405:
400:
393:
388:
381:
376:
374:
372:
365:, p. 29.
364:
363:Charanis 1963
359:
352:
347:
345:
343:
335:
330:
326:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
295:
291:
287:
286:
280:
277:
272:
268:
267:
261:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
242:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
192:
191:
186:
185:
179:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
141:
137:
129:
126:
124:Today part of
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:
55:
50:
47:
43:
39:
31:
26:
22:
790:
718:Thessalonica
634:
559:
501:
475:
452:
429:
399:
387:
358:
351:Kazhdan 1991
329:
316:Seljuk Turks
293:
289:
283:
281:
270:
264:
262:
255:
251:
245:
239:
233:
202:
196:
188:
182:
135:
134:
760:Longobardia
748:Dyrrhachium
736:Cephallenia
730:Peloponnese
635:Mesopotamia
623:Paphlagonia
408:Holmes 2005
257:tourmarches
159:Mesopotamia
144:Μεσοποταμία
136:Mesopotamia
79:Middle Ages
67:in 1000 AD.
797:Categories
770:(omitted:
683:Aegean Sea
592:Charsianon
588:Cappadocia
433:. Lisbon:
322:References
276:kommerkion
247:spatharios
742:Nicopolis
706:Macedonia
647:Sebasteia
611:Optimates
290:strategos
271:strategos
252:strategos
241:kleisoura
204:proconsul
148:Byzantine
772:Dalmatia
659:Seleucia
653:Lykandos
641:Koloneia
564:(c. 950)
443:17186882
427:(1963).
229:Koloneia
217:Keltzene
190:katepano
712:Strymon
629:Chaldia
586:(incl.
554:of the
417:Sources
225:Kamacha
221:Chaldia
207:of the
199:Leo VI
173:History
101:Seljuks
93:899–911
44:of the
754:Sicily
724:Hellas
700:Thrace
671:Cyprus
552:Themes
509:
484:
460:
441:
299:doukes
292:, the
266:tourma
223:) and
184:vestes
155:Turkey
128:Turkey
677:Samos
213:Taron
167:Murat
151:theme
140:Greek
42:Theme
764:12.
758:11.
752:10.
681:17.
675:16.
669:15.
663:14.
657:13.
651:12.
645:11.
639:10.
590:and
507:ISBN
482:ISBN
458:ISBN
439:OCLC
294:doux
285:doux
250:and
187:and
746:9.
740:8.
734:7.
728:6.
722:5.
716:4.
710:3.
704:2.
698:1.
633:9.
627:8.
621:7.
615:6.
609:5.
603:4.
597:3.
582:2.
576:1.
799::
370:^
341:^
318:.
142::
103:.
774:)
594:)
544:e
537:t
530:v
515:.
490:.
466:.
445:.
138:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
