463:
58:
190:
battlefield therefore was not encouraged and in fact considered brutish and sloppy. This emphasis on non-lethal combat is evidenced in the fact that Aztec warriors were promoted on the basis of however many captive warriors they could bring back from the battlefield, not on sheer destructive ability to kill. Prisoner capture between rival cultures provided both sides with sacrificial victims for deity propitiation, wars even being pre-arranged by both sides, the so-called
224:
of "idolatry" and discouraged putting anything down in writing that might preserve pre-conquest religion. If tolerated at all, the recording these observations was a very subjective project, and only few of the manuals have even survived. Things considered to be "diabolical" varied depending on the reporting friar, one manuscript justifying a practice that another manuscript might condemn.
251:. Prestige and honor in the village were achieved by holding office within the religious organizations. It was not possible for the indigenous to enter the Orders or receive sacramental ordination as secular priests. From the 17th century on, Spanish clergy had very little to do with religious development in most Mexican villages and this gave free rein to Aztec religious syncretism. )
79:
the
Mesoamerican cosmological views tends to vary greatly. These views do have some similarities, such as belief in a fundamental cosmic order, in which the elements of time and space are the most important. These two elements are seen as the center of the universe and make the center of the quadruplicity, known as the
234:
Before the
Spanish conquest each village had a patron deity whose idol was worshipped, presented with offerings and adorned with jewelry and fine robes. After the conquest, each village got in its place a Roman Catholic patron saint whose image was adorned and worshipped like before. And destinations
95:
The importance of time is seen in the cycles of life, death and regeneration, which are similarly worshiped in most religions. Time is symbolized in the cycle of the Sun, for
Mesoamericans believed that the Sun separates night and day, and that the death and regeneration of the Sun is the reason for
223:
The early friars in colonized
Mesoamerica wrote manuals describing indigenous rituals and practices, to define precisely what was acceptable and unacceptable, and to recognize the unacceptable when they saw it. From the start, authorities recognized the subversive potential of recording the details
185:
When the
Spanish first arrived in Mesoamerica, they ransacked the indigenous peoples' territory, often pillaging their temples and places of worship. Beyond this, the devoutly Catholic Spaniards found the standing Mesoamerican spiritual observances deeply offensive, and sought to either cover up or
78:
The cosmological view in
Mesoamerica is strongly connected to the Mesoamerican gods and the spiritual world. The construction and division of the universe, therefore, is a visual and symbolic set up for their religious beliefs. Like the many different peoples of Mesoamerica, the detailed surface of
219:
himself. Even though the Aztecs continued to worship some of their own gods after the conquest, worshipping in secret and even disguising deities as nominal
Catholic saints, the cult of the war god was totally suppressed. Indeed, Huitzilopochtli is still much less well understood than other major
202:
in particular had a devoted blood cult, as it was believed that without his continued sustenance the cosmos would be plunged into darkness. Less violent rituals were calculatedly suppressed as well, with the
Spanish authorities deeming them anathema in light of their own spiritual preconceptions.
214:
after having been forced out for preemptively massacring unarmed celebrants, the Aztecs struck back and sacrificed their
Iberian captives to Huitzilopochtli, but ultimately the Aztecs could not defend the city after a devastating smallpox epidemic killed many warriors and leaders including the
189:
Martial values and human sacrifice were a ritualistic core of
Mesoamerican spirituality prior to European incursion, but quickly dissolved in the early stages of Imperial rule. Pre-Hispanic warrior culture in Mesoamerica placed high value on capturing enemies on the battlefield; killing on the
246:
The Aztecs and the Maya shared many religious elements before the Spanish conquest, but reacted very differently to the same form of Spanish Catholicism. The Aztecs abandoned their rites and merged their own religious beliefs with Catholicism, whereas the relatively autonomous Maya kept their
106:
In the vertical axis; the world on the surface of Earth, in the middle; a world above where the stars are, and then a world below our surface. These three worlds are not to be confused with the Christian division of a heaven and a hell, although the Spaniards, in trying to convert the native
231:, which they interpreted as a cross. But at the same time they also demonized other elements, which were considered to not comply with Christian beliefs. They did this to make it easier to convert the Mesoamericans to Christianity.
227:
Missionaries in Mesoamerica attempted to take already existing symbols and elements in the local indigenous religions and societies, and give them Christian meaning and symbolism; e.g., the
99:
As an expansion of quincunx, which symbolizes space, two axes combine the universe with the inclusion of both the natural and the spiritual, vertically and horizontally. It is called the
186:
eradicate their practice. This resulted in the erasure of Mayan religious institutions, especially those centered on human sacrifice and propitiation of the multi-deistic pantheon.
739:
404:
133:(Zapotec) - Chief rain god; deity of water, fertility, rain, and storms, also with mountain associations. Recognizable by his goggle-like eyes and distinctive fangs.
447:
1314:
1163:
437:
1587:
700:
695:
477:
1410:
1425:
1624:
1607:
1602:
1572:
1215:
1582:
1138:
1612:
397:
247:
religion as the core of their beliefs and incorporated varying degrees of Catholicism. The Aztec village religion was supervised by friars, mainly
1294:
235:
of pilgrimage where the indigenous peoples used to worship gods before the conquest, were adapted to Catholic saints like the Señor de Chalma (
963:
2620:
1860:
220:
deities such as Tlaloc or Quetzalcoatl, and little was written about him in what sources survive from the decades following the conquest.
1007:
852:
390:
712:
707:
17:
1014:
765:
103:, which in the case of mesoamerican cosmology, vertically consists of three worlds and horizontally of four directions and a center.
163:(Maya) - Some similarities with Tezcatlipoca, but also connected with lightning and agriculture, and exhibits serpentine features.
147:(K'iche' Maya) / 9 Wind (Mixtec) - Plumed Serpent; god of wind, priests, merchants, and the link between the Earth and the sky.
773:
2579:
2336:
838:
734:
2630:
2198:
1910:
1210:
973:
968:
993:
848:
672:
2625:
2183:
1751:
1048:
833:
662:
413:
153:(Aztec) - "Smoking Mirror"; guileful omnipresent deity of cosmic struggle, feuds, rulers, sorcerers, and warriors; the
2173:
690:
783:
115:
The Mesoamerican pantheon includes dozens of gods and goddesses in addition to the major deities described below.
916:
861:
823:
803:
483:
236:
2351:
2066:
1795:
1415:
978:
906:
896:
881:
808:
649:
1940:
1773:
911:
886:
866:
813:
2178:
891:
871:
828:
818:
778:
2635:
1875:
1819:
936:
876:
625:
569:
442:
901:
66:
2574:
1980:
1761:
1563:
1269:
490:
272:
1790:
1651:
1173:
564:
277:
73:
2263:
1247:
1205:
983:
579:
511:
267:
228:
80:
166:
2482:
2408:
2388:
2258:
2193:
2122:
1890:
1698:
1629:
1533:
1178:
1041:
282:
240:
2151:
2129:
1870:
1548:
1405:
1344:
1264:
1232:
988:
667:
2519:
2248:
2188:
1885:
1865:
1708:
1661:
1592:
1577:
1553:
1538:
1511:
1452:
946:
941:
657:
452:
377:
8:
2584:
2311:
2306:
2253:
2223:
2218:
2102:
1778:
1703:
1666:
1467:
1364:
1148:
360:
Handbook of Middle American Indians Volume 6. 1967. University of Texas Press. Pp 379-380
318:
Handbook of Middle American Indians Volume 6. 1967. University of Texas Press. Pp 370-371
255:
2524:
2428:
2243:
2156:
2134:
2017:
1965:
1905:
1800:
1558:
1526:
1516:
1477:
1472:
1442:
1432:
1289:
951:
744:
309:
Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. 1993. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya.
57:
2144:
2007:
1987:
1895:
1812:
1807:
1783:
1683:
1676:
1644:
1639:
1506:
1501:
1489:
1447:
1309:
1279:
1034:
798:
682:
462:
432:
382:
327:
Burkhart, Louise M. 1997. Indian Women of Early Mexico. University of Oklahoma Press.
195:
173:, where his temple with adjoined Tlaloc's atop a great pyramid constituting the dual
38:
1900:
348:
Handbook of Middle American Indians Volume 6. 1967. University of Texas Press. P 370
339:
Handbook of Middle American Indians Volume 6. 1967. University of Texas Press. P 378
2566:
2507:
2356:
2341:
2331:
2042:
2012:
1880:
1766:
1756:
1693:
1482:
1459:
1437:
1284:
1158:
1143:
956:
630:
144:
2512:
2460:
2380:
2213:
2084:
2022:
1960:
1915:
1688:
1634:
1619:
1543:
1521:
1494:
1420:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1100:
1061:
1026:
635:
199:
2599:
2594:
2556:
2316:
2037:
1997:
1992:
1975:
1970:
1824:
1713:
1339:
605:
595:
526:
62:
42:
2614:
2477:
2236:
2002:
1955:
1359:
1304:
1299:
1227:
1133:
600:
541:
427:
194:. This practice was ultimately made impossible once Spain had subjugated the
46:
2139:
2589:
2529:
2492:
2393:
2346:
2208:
2161:
2032:
793:
531:
521:
516:
211:
174:
170:
150:
136:
1193:
1078:
41:. Two of the most widely known examples of Mesoamerican religion are the
34:
2551:
2534:
2472:
2321:
2268:
2231:
2117:
1369:
1349:
1188:
1088:
536:
506:
248:
207:
191:
100:
1200:
160:
2502:
2497:
2465:
2448:
2107:
1671:
1324:
1319:
1083:
118:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2203:
1237:
1183:
1168:
1153:
1057:
788:
216:
140:
84:
2403:
2166:
2027:
1329:
1073:
254:
Greatly aiding the early missionaries was the image known as the
2398:
2546:
2487:
2443:
2438:
1656:
1354:
1274:
1222:
154:
130:
126:
2541:
2413:
2326:
169:(Aztec) - Preeminent god and tutelary deity of the Aztecs in
122:
2455:
1334:
412:
177:. Deity of the Sun, fire, war and the ruling lineage.
2074:
1737:
1110:
374:
Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 1520-1820
107:Mesoamerican, made the two comparable by doing so.
1056:
300:Markman and Markman, The flayed god (page number?)
1846:
27:Pre-Columbian indigenous religions in Mesoamerica
2612:
1042:
398:
1049:
1035:
405:
391:
180:
56:
1939:
335:
333:
67:Codex Féjervary-Mayer (Codex Pochteca).
14:
2613:
356:
354:
33:is a group of indigenous religions of
2580:Christianization of saints and feasts
2337:European Congress of Ethnic Religions
2291:
2082:
1938:
1845:
1736:
1390:
1118:
1030:
386:
330:
2621:Mesoamerican mythology and religion
351:
239:) and the Virgen de los Remedios (
24:
681:
414:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
2647:
366:
90:
1738:Middle-Eastern and North African
461:
237:Chalma, Malinalco, Mexico State
2352:Polytheistic reconstructionism
378:http://www.fordham.edu/vistas.
342:
321:
312:
303:
294:
13:
1:
1847:Oceanian and Pacific Islander
288:
206:When the Spaniards and their
1391:
52:
7:
2631:Religion in Central America
261:
157:is his animal counterpart.
110:
37:that were prevalent in the
10:
2652:
2083:
71:
18:Mesoamerican folk religion
2626:Religion in North America
2575:Christianity and paganism
2565:
2379:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2287:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2065:
1951:
1947:
1934:
1856:
1852:
1841:
1747:
1743:
1732:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1097:
1069:
1002:
929:
847:
764:
755:
725:
648:
618:
588:
557:
550:
499:
470:
459:
420:
273:Entheogenics and the Maya
372:“Otherworldly Visions,”
278:Mesoamerican cosmovision
74:Mesoamerican cosmovision
268:Aztec use of entheogens
229:Mesoamerican world tree
81:Mesoamerican world tree
2483:Religion and mythology
2409:Dying and rising deity
2389:Veneration of the dead
2123:Native American Church
283:Mesoamerican mythology
241:Virgin of Los Remedios
69:
735:European colonization
181:Colonized Mesoamerica
83:, quite close to the
60:
31:Mesoamerican religion
1752:Ancient Near Eastern
1539:Hellenistic religion
453:Solutrean hypothesis
2585:Constantinian shift
2307:Neopagan witchcraft
1941:Sub-Saharan African
834:Trinidad and Tobago
256:Virgen de Guadalupe
2636:Religion in Mexico
2525:Trees in mythology
2520:Supernatural magic
2429:Magic and religion
994:In popular culture
745:Columbian exchange
740:Population history
471:Mythology/Religion
70:
2608:
2607:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1677:Mysteries of Isis
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1024:
1023:
925:
924:
721:
720:
644:
643:
614:
613:
433:Pre-Columbian era
196:Yucatan Peninsula
143:(Yucatec Maya) /
39:pre-Columbian era
16:(Redirected from
2643:
2567:Christianization
2357:Secular paganism
2342:Goddess movement
2312:Cochrane's Craft
2300:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1733:
1549:Sacred mysteries
1399:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1101:ethnic religions
1051:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1027:
762:
761:
679:
678:
555:
554:
497:
496:
465:
407:
400:
393:
384:
383:
361:
358:
349:
346:
340:
337:
328:
325:
319:
316:
310:
307:
301:
298:
210:allies besieged
21:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2561:
2461:Myth and ritual
2381:Myth and ritual
2375:
2374:
2361:
2294:
2275:
2228:Turko-Mongolic
2087:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2047:
1943:
1922:
1848:
1829:
1739:
1720:
1393:
1374:
1243:Hindu mythology
1121:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1065:
1062:modern paganism
1055:
1025:
1020:
998:
921:
843:
757:
751:
727:
717:
677:
640:
610:
584:
546:
495:
484:List of deities
466:
457:
416:
411:
369:
364:
359:
352:
347:
343:
338:
331:
326:
322:
317:
313:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
264:
200:Huitzilopochtli
183:
167:Huītzilōpōchtli
113:
93:
76:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2600:Virtuous pagan
2597:
2595:Religio licita
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2557:Animal worship
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Feri Tradition
2314:
2309:
2303:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2096:
2089:
2088:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1754:
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1725:
1722:
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1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1686:
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1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1597:
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1595:
1590:
1585:
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1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1315:Tibeto-Burmese
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1109:
1107:
1104:(existing and
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
933:
931:
930:Related topics
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909:
904:
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884:
879:
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856:
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2590:Neoplatonism
2530:Tree of life
2493:Sacred grove
2394:Bear worship
2347:Neoshamanism
2209:Zalmoxianism
2162:Adyghe Habze
2067:Modern pagan
1774:Mesopotamian
1630:Paleo-Balkan
1564:Samothracian
1443:Old Prussian
1340:Bongthingism
1013:
1006:
728:colonization
574:
532:The red road
522:Medicine man
517:Great Spirit
373:
344:
323:
314:
305:
296:
253:
245:
233:
226:
222:
212:Tenochtitlan
205:
198:. The deity
188:
184:
175:Templo Mayor
171:Tenochtitlan
165:
159:
151:Tezcatlipoca
149:
137:Quetzalcoatl
135:
117:
114:
105:
98:
94:
77:
30:
29:
2199:Italo-Roman
2103:Ausar Auset
1871:Micronesian
1662:Gallo-Roman
1512:Anglo-Saxon
1310:Satsana Phi
1194:Momolianism
1098:Historical
1079:Panentheism
937:Ethnobotany
794:El Salvador
696:Visual arts
565:Cosmovision
551:Mesoamerica
512:Fifth World
478:Mythologies
443:Archaeology
421:Pre-history
208:Tlaxcalteca
192:Flower wars
129:(Mixtec) /
96:a new era.
35:Mesoamerica
2615:Categories
2552:Witchcraft
2535:World tree
2473:Orthopraxy
2322:Stregheria
2269:Udmurt Vos
2232:Burkhanism
2140:Dievturība
2118:Mexicayotl
1886:Polynesian
1866:Melanesian
1861:Australian
1779:Babylonian
1593:Lusitanian
1588:Gallaecian
1578:Cantabrian
1554:Eleusinian
1468:Circassian
1464:Caucasian
1453:Lithuanian
1370:Sanamahism
1350:Donyi-Polo
1211:Philippine
1189:Kaharingan
1174:Vietnamese
1089:Polytheism
979:Philosophy
784:Costa Rica
758:by country
589:Variations
580:World tree
537:Totem pole
507:Arborglyph
289:References
249:Franciscan
145:Q'uq'umatz
139:(Aztec) /
121:(Aztec) /
101:axis mundi
61:Religious
2503:Sacrifice
2498:Holy well
2466:Mythology
2449:Stone row
2259:Hungarian
2189:Hellenism
2184:Heathenry
2152:Caucasian
2114:American
2108:Godianism
2069:movements
1801:Canaanite
1704:Hungarian
1672:Mithraism
1603:Camunnian
1544:Hero cult
1411:Anatolian
1325:Benzhuism
1320:Bathouism
1248:Dravidian
1179:Indonesia
1149:Mongolian
1084:Pantheism
974:Movements
969:Languages
917:Venezuela
862:Argentina
824:Nicaragua
804:Guatemala
799:Greenland
491:Religions
125:(Maya) /
65:from the
53:Cosmology
2434:Megalith
2424:Idolatry
2419:Folklore
2249:Estonian
2204:Kemetism
2179:Canarian
2130:Armenian
2099:African
2018:Malagasy
1988:Dahomean
1966:Bushongo
1911:Tahitian
1906:Rapa Nui
1896:Hawaiian
1784:Sumerian
1762:Egyptian
1684:Scythian
1645:Thracian
1640:Illyrian
1608:Ligurian
1517:Frankish
1507:Germanic
1502:Etruscan
1478:Ossetian
1473:Georgian
1433:Armenian
1426:Phrygian
1406:Albanian
1392:European
1360:Kiratism
1280:Ryukyuan
1238:Hinduism
1184:Parmalim
1169:Sarnaism
1154:Tengrism
1106:extinct)
1058:Paganism
1008:Category
964:Identity
947:Iroquois
942:Cherokee
907:Suriname
897:Paraguay
882:Colombia
809:Honduras
789:Dominica
726:European
701:Painting
663:Colombia
575:Religion
570:Creation
448:Genetics
262:See also
217:tlatoani
141:Kukulkan
111:Pantheon
85:quincunx
63:calendar
45:and the
2404:Tumulus
2332:Druidry
2264:Mordvin
2254:Finnish
2219:Semitic
2167:Uatsdin
2028:Odinani
2008:Lugbara
1876:Nauruan
1813:Persian
1808:Iranian
1796:Arabian
1791:Semitic
1757:Hurrian
1625:Nuragic
1613:Umbrian
1599:Italic
1573:Iberian
1483:Vainakh
1448:Latvian
1416:Hittite
1345:Burmese
1330:Bimoism
1265:Punjabi
1233:Chinese
1216:Tagalog
1201:Kejawèn
1074:Animism
984:Studies
912:Uruguay
887:Ecuador
867:Bolivia
814:Jamaica
713:Writers
708:Artists
668:Ecuador
650:Culture
631:Mapuche
161:Kʼawiil
2547:Virtue
2508:animal
2488:Ritual
2444:Menhir
2439:Dolmen
2244:Uralic
2224:Slavic
2214:Romani
2174:Celtic
2157:Abkhaz
2145:Romuva
2135:Baltic
2085:Ethnic
2043:Somali
2013:Maasai
1916:Tongan
1881:Papuan
1820:Berber
1767:Nubian
1694:Uralic
1689:Slavic
1657:Cybele
1635:Dacian
1620:Minoan
1583:Castro
1559:Orphic
1522:Gothic
1490:Celtic
1460:Basque
1438:Baltic
1421:Lydian
1355:Heraka
1285:Korean
1275:Shinto
1260:Kalash
1223:Marapu
1159:Turkic
1144:Manchu
1139:Altaic
1015:Portal
952:Navajo
892:Guyana
872:Brazil
829:Panama
819:Mexico
779:Canada
774:Belize
636:Muisca
558:Common
155:jaguar
131:Cocijo
127:Dzahui
119:Tlāloc
2542:Totem
2513:human
2414:Ethos
2327:Wicca
2293:Other
2194:Hindu
2038:Serer
2023:Mbuti
2003:Hausa
1993:Dinka
1971:Kongo
1961:Bantu
1901:Māori
1825:Punic
1652:Roman
1534:Greek
1527:Norse
1495:Irish
1365:Qiang
1270:Vedic
1253:Tamil
1206:Malay
1120:Asian
1060:(and
989:Trade
877:Chile
691:Music
658:Andes
606:Olmec
596:Aztec
123:Chaac
2456:Myth
2399:Blót
1998:Efik
1981:Zulu
1976:Lozi
1956:Akan
1714:Sami
1709:Mari
1300:Ahom
1290:Miao
1134:Ainu
957:Zuni
902:Peru
853:list
673:Peru
626:Inca
601:Maya
2033:San
1335:Bon
1295:Tai
683:Art
2617::
1305:Mo
480:
376:.
353:^
332:^
258:.
243:)
87:.
49:.
1064:)
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
855:)
851:(
406:e
399:t
392:v
20:)
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