Meditation - Knowledge

94: 3325:. The study, consisting of two interrelated parts and totaling 691 participants, found that a mindfulness induction, compared to a control condition, led to decreased prosocial behavior. This effect was moderated by self-construals such that people with relatively independent self-construals became less prosocial while people with relatively interdependent self-construals became more so. In the western world where independent self-construals generally predominate (self centric orientated) meditation may thus have potentially detrimental effects. These new findings about meditations socially problematic effects imply that it can be contraindicated to use meditation as a tool to handle acute personal conflicts or relational difficulties; in the words of Andrew Hafenbrack, one of the authors of the study, "If we 'artificially' reduce our guilt by meditating it away, we may end up with worse relationships, or even fewer relationships". 5102:

of techniques, such as Yoga and Transcendental Meditation). Among the wide range of practices within the Buddhist tradition, we will further narrow this review to two common styles of meditation, FA and OM (see box 1–box 2), that are often combined, whether in a single session or over the course of practitioner's training. These styles are found with some variation in several meditation traditions, including Zen, Vipassanā and Tibetan Buddhism (e.g. 7,15,16)....The first style, FA meditation, entails voluntary focusing attention on a chosen object in a sustained fashion. The second style, OM meditation, involves non-reactively monitoring the content of experience from moment to moment, primarily as a means to recognize the nature of emotional and cognitive patterns.

1570: 810: 586: 5107: 11215: 2247: 85: 2458: 2573: 2391: 3136:), along with a modest decline in blood pressure. However, those who have meditated for two or three years were found to already have low blood pressure. During meditation, the oxygen consumption decrease averages 10 to 20 percent over the first three minutes. During sleep for example, oxygen consumption decreases around 8 percent over four or five hours. For meditators who have practiced for years, breath rate can drop to three or four breaths per minute and "brain waves slow from the usual 4987: 1186: 74: 1076: 65: 19032: 13509: 56: 19042: 3224:

sufficient social support or any explanatory framework. However, according to Farias et al. (2020), "minor adverse effects have been observed in individuals with no previous history of mental health problems") Farias et al. (2020) further note that "it is also possible that participants predisposed to heightened levels of anxiety and depression are more likely to begin or maintain a meditation practice to manage their symptoms."

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in more advantageous and beneficial health outcomes than detrimental ones. By extension this problem is compounded with little or no support or explanatory framework publicly for novice or laity that is easily accessible for a practitioner to know when it is appropriate to self manage or when it is advisable to seek professional advice on the adverse symptomatology that may arise in this field of self-cultivation .

2360:, which derives from an Islamic context but is universalist in orientation, meditation is a primary tool for spiritual development, involving reflection on the words of God. While prayer and meditation are linked, where meditation happens generally in a prayerful attitude, prayer is seen specifically as turning toward God, and meditation is seen as a communion with one's self where one focuses on the divine. 2022: 1583: 3730:"members were chosen on the basis of their publication record of research on the therapeutic use of meditation, their knowledge of and training in traditional or clinically developed meditation techniques, and their affiliation with universities and research centers. Each member had specific expertise and training in at least one of the following meditation practices: 1404:("Path of purification", 5th c. CE), according to a number contemporary scholars and scholar-practitioners, it is actually a description of the development of perfected equanimity and mindfulness, apparently induced by satipatthana, an open monitoring of the breath, without trying to regulate it. The same description, in a different formula, can be found in the 2283:) is a type of meditation within Islam, meaning remembering and mentioning God, which involves the repetition of the 99 Names of God since the 8th or 9th century. It is interpreted in different meditative techniques in Sufism or Islamic mysticism. This became one of the essential elements of Sufism as it was systematized traditionally. It is juxtaposed with 5195:) is a meditative power that is useful in either of these two types of meditation. However, in order to develop samadhi itself we must cultivate principally concentration meditation. In terms of practice, this means that we must choose an object of concentration and then meditate single-pointedly on it every day until the power of samadhi is attained. 564:, a form of focused attention, calms down the mind; this calmed mind can then investigate the nature of reality, by monitoring the fleeting and ever-changing constituents of experience, by reflective investigation, or by "turning back the radiance," focusing awareness on awareness itself and discerning the true nature of mind as awareness itself. 572:

automatically 'transcend' their own activity and disappear, to be started up again later if appropriate." Yet, Shear also states that "automatic self-transcending" also applies to the way other techniques such as from Zen and Qigong are practiced by experienced meditators "once they had become effortless and automatic through years of practice."

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particularly unpleasant meditation-related experiences which they thought may have been caused by their meditation practice. Meditators with high levels of repetitive negative thinking and those who only engage in deconstructive meditation (vipassana/insight meditation) were more likely to report unpleasant side effects.

3419:"Meditation and mindfulness practices may have a variety of health benefits and may help people improve the quality of their lives. Recent studies have investigated if meditation or mindfulness helps people manage anxiety, stress, depression, pain, or symptoms related to withdrawal from nicotine, alcohol, or opioids." 5116:, p. 130: "The differences and similarities among these techniques is often explained in the Western meditation literature in terms of the direction of mental attention (Koshikawa & Ichii, 1996; Naranjo, 1971; Orenstein, 1971): A practitioner can focus intensively on one particular object (so-called 10219:

Levine, Glenn N.; Lange, Richard A.; Bairey-Merz, C. Noel; Davidson, Richard J.; Jamerson, Kenneth; Mehta, Puja K.; Michos, Erin D.; Norris, Keith; Ray, Indranill Basu; Saban, Karen L.; Shah, Tina; Stein, Richard; Smith, Sidney C.; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on

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LeónPizarro C., Gich I., Barthe E., Rovirosa A., Farrús B., Casas F., Verger E., Biete A., Craven Bartle J., Sierra J., Arcusa A., A randomized trial of the effect of training in relaxation and guided imagery techniques in improving psychological and quality-of-life indices for gynecologic and breast

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Both the soundness of the scientific foundations of mindfulness, and the desirability of its social effects, have been questioned. Hafenbrack et al. (2022), in a study on mindfulness with 1400 participants, found that focused-breathing meditation can dampen the relationship between transgressions and

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Throughout East Asia the detrimental and undesirable effects of incorrect Meditation and Mindfulness practice are well documented due to the long varied history of cultivation in these fields. Many traditional herbal, intentional and manual treatments have been prescribed from the past to present day

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Guided meditation is a form of meditation which uses a number of different techniques to achieve or enhance the meditative state. It may simply be meditation done under the guidance of a trained practitioner or teacher, or it may be through the use of imagery, music, and other techniques. The session

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thinking. This is often aided by repetitive chanting of a mantra, or focusing on an object. New Age meditation evolved into a range of purposes and practices, from serenity and balance to access to other realms of consciousness to the concentration of energy in group meditation to the supreme goal of

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Via the Dhyana sutras, which are based on the Sarvastivada-tradition, the Zen-tradition incorporated mindfulness and breath-meditation. Downplaying the "petty complexities" of satipatthana and the body-recollections (but maintaining the awareness of immanent death), the early Chan-tradition developed

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The term 'meditation' refers to a broad variety of practices...In order to narrow the explanandum to a more tractable scope, this article uses Buddhist contemplative techniques and their clinical secular derivatives as a paradigmatic framework (see e.g., 9,10 or 7,9 for reviews including other types

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type of expectation regarding the process" (p. 134, Table 4). In their final consideration, all 7 experts regarded this feature as an "essential" component of meditation; none of them regarded it as merely "important but not essential" (p. 234, Table 4). (This same result is presented in Table B1 in

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report that 7 expert scholars who had studied different traditions of meditation agreed that an "essential" component of meditation "Involves logic relaxation: not 'to intend' to analyze the possible psychophysical effects, not 'to intend' to judge the possible results, not 'to intend' to create any

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According to Farias et al. (2020) there is a prevalence of 8.3% adverse effects, "similar to those reported for psychotherapy practice in general." Schlosser et al. (2019) reported that of 1,232 regular meditators with at least two months of meditation experience, about a quarter reported having had

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According to Farias et al. (2020), the most common adverse effects are in people with a history of anxiety and depression. Other adverse psychological symptoms may include narcissistic, sociopathic behaviour and depersonalization or altered sense of self or the world, distorted emotions or thoughts,

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Meditation may induce "challenging" and "unwanted" experiences, and adverse effects to physical and mental health. Some of these experiences and effects are documented in the contemplative traditions, but can be quite perplexing and burdensome when the outcomes of meditation are expected to result

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Meditation has spread in the West since the late 19th century, accompanying increased travel and communication among cultures worldwide. Most prominent has been the transmission of Asian-derived practices to the West. In addition, interest in some Western-based meditative practices has been revived,

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is a devotion for the meditation of the mysteries of Jesus and Mary. "The gentle repetition of its prayers makes it an excellent means to moving into deeper meditation. It gives us an opportunity to open ourselves to God's word, to refine our interior gaze by turning our minds to the life of Christ.

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research, meditation has been defined and characterized in various ways. Many of these emphasize the role of attention and characterize the practice of meditation as attempts to detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking," not judging the meditation-process itself ("logical relaxation"), to achieve

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rebelled against traditional religion as a reaction against what some perceived as the failure of Christianity to provide spiritual and ethical guidance. New Age meditation as practised by the early hippies is regarded for its techniques of blanking out the mind and releasing oneself from conscious

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More recently, in the 1960s, another surge in Western interest in meditative practices began. The rise of communist political power in Asia led to many Asian spiritual teachers taking refuge in Western countries, oftentimes as refugees. In addition to spiritual forms of meditation, secular forms of

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Ideas about Eastern meditation had begun "seeping into American popular culture even before the American Revolution through the various sects of European occult Christianity", and such ideas "came pouring in during the era of the transcendentalists, especially between the 1840s and the 1880s." The

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emphasizes that mantra meditation is a key practice for achieving liberation; practitioners can achieve a direct vision of the divine. The text integrates both Vedic and tantric elements, where mantras are not only seen as sacred sounds but as embodiment of the deity. This approach reflects a shift

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Stein, T. R., Olivo, E. L., Grand, S. H., Namerow, P. B., Costa, J., and Oz, M. C., A pilot study to assess the effects of a guided imagery audiotape intervention on psychological outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Holistic Nursing Practice, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010,

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cultivation and breath-control meditation techniques. For instance, "When you enlarge your mind and let go of it, when you relax your vital breath and expand it, when your body is calm and unmoving: And you can maintain the One and discard the myriad disturbances. ... This is called "revolving the

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Jonathan Shear argues that transcendental meditation is an "automatic self-transcending" technique, different from focused attention and open monitoring. In this kind of practice, "there is no attempt to sustain any particular condition at all. Practices of this kind, once started, are reported to

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A review of 15 peer-reviewed studies of youth meditation in schools indicated transcendental meditation a moderate effect on wellbeing and a small effect on social competence. Insufficient research has been done on the effect of meditation on academic achievement. Evidence has also shown possible

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The history of meditation is intimately bound up with the religious context within which it was practiced. Rossano suggested that the emergence of the capacity for focused attention, an element of many methods of meditation, may have contributed to the latest phases of human biological evolution.

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Walsh & Shapiro (2006): "Meditation refers to a family of self-regulation practices that focus on training attention and awareness in order to bring mental processes under greater voluntary control and thereby foster general mental well-being and development and/or specific capacities such as

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such as "Hindu" or "Buddhist", schools and individual teachers may teach distinct types of meditation. Ornstein noted that "Most techniques of meditation do not exist as solitary practices but are only artificially separable from an entire system of practice and belief." For instance, while monks

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In the Rinzai monastery where I trained in the mid-1970s, according to an unspoken etiquette, monks who were sitting earnestly and well were shown respect by being hit vigorously and often; those known as laggards were ignored by the hall monitor or given little taps if they requested to be hit.

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Van Dam, Nicholas T.; van Vugt, Marieke K.; Vago, David R.; Schmalzl, Laura; Saron, Clifford D.; Olendzki, Andrew; Meissner, Ted; Lazar, Sara W.; Kerr, Catherine E.; Gorchov, Jolie; Fox, Kieran C. R.; Field, Brent A.; Britton, Willoughby B.; Brefczynski-Lewis, Julie A.; Meyer, David E. (January

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Weigensberg M.J., Lane C.J., Winners O., Wright T., Nguyen-Rodriguez S., Goran M.I., Spruijt-Metz, D. Acute effects of stress-reduction Interactive Guided Imagery (SM) on salivary cortisol in overweight Latino adolescents. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2003,

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Meditation has proven difficult to define as it covers a wide range of dissimilar practices in different traditions and cultures. In popular usage, the word "meditation" and the phrase "meditative practice" are often used imprecisely to designate practices found across many cultures. These can

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Lagopoulos, Jim; Xu, Jian; Rasmussen, Inge-Andre; Vik, Alexandra; Malhi, Gin S.; Eliassen, Carl Fredrik; Arntsen, Ingrid Edith; Sæther, Jardar G; Saether, JG; Hollup, Stig Arvid; Holen, Are; Davanger, Svend; Ellingsen, Øyvind (2009). "Increased Theta and Alpha EEG Activity During Nondirective

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According to Schlosser et al. (2019), "preliminary findings suggest that their occurrence is highly dependent on a complex interaction of contextual factors." For instance, meditation-related psychosis has been linked to sleep deprivation, preceding mental dispositions, and meditation without

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Matko and Sedlmeier (2019) "call into question the common division into 'focused attention' and 'open-monitoring' practices." They argue for "two orthogonal dimensions along which meditation techniques could be classified," namely "activation" and "amount of body orientation," proposing seven

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and depression in war veterans and creating resilience to stresses in active service. Researchers have found that participating in mindfulness meditation can aid insomnia patients by improving sleep quality and total wake time. Mindfulness meditation is a supportive therapy that aides in the

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The appraisal of the experiences may be determined by the framework used to interpret these experiences. Schlosser et al. "found strong evidence that religious participants have lower odds of having particularly unpleasant meditation-related experiences," and "found weak evidence that female

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Fox, Kieran C.R.; Nijeboer, Savannah; Dixon, Matthew L.; Floman, James L.; Ellamil, Melissa; Rumak, Samuel P.; Sedlmeier, Peter; Christoff, Kalina (2014). "Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation

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meaning of "think deeply about (something)", as well as the popular usages of "focusing one's mind for a period of time", "the act of giving your attention to only one thing, either as a religious activity or as a way of becoming calm and relaxed", and "to engage in mental exercise (such as

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Goyal, Madhav; Singh, Sonal; Sibinga, Erica M. S.; Gould, Neda F.; Rowland-Seymour, Anastasia; Sharma, Ritu; Berger, Zackary; Sleicher, Dana; Maron, David D.; Shihab, Hasan M.; Ranasinghe, Padmini D.; Linn, Shauna; Saha, Shonali; Bass, Eric B.; Haythornthwaite, Jennifer A. (1 March 2014).

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There is the cultivation of meditative and contemplative techniques aimed at producing what might, for the lack of a suitable technical term in English, be referred to as "altered states of consciousness". In the technical vocabulary of Indian religious texts such states come to be termed

9162: 1106:("Three Jewels"): right perception and faith, right knowledge and right conduct. Meditation in Jainism aims to reach and to remain in the pure state of soul which is believed to be pure consciousness, beyond any attachment or aversion. The practitioner strives to be just a knower-seer ( 3011:

Because of the different combinations used under the one term, it can be difficult to attribute positive or negative outcomes to any of the various techniques. Furthermore, the term is frequently used interchangeably with "guided imagery" and sometimes with "creative visualization" in

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Van Dam, Nicholas T.; van Vugt, Marieke K.; Vago, David R.; Schmalzl, Laura; Saron, Clifford D.; Olendzki, Andrew; Meissner, Ted; Lazar, Sara W.; Gorchov, Jolie; Fox, Kieran C.R.; Field, Brent A.; Britton, Willoughby B.; Brefczynski-Lewis, Julie A.; Meyer, David E. (10 October 2017).

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the purpose of meditation is to strengthen one's understanding of the words of God, and to make one's soul more susceptible to their potentially transformative power, more receptive to the need for both prayer and meditation to bring about and maintain a spiritual communion with God.

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showed that the evidence is very weak and "that the effects of meditation on compassion were only significant when compared to passive control groups suggests that other forms of active interventions (like watching a nature video) might produce similar outcomes to meditation".

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Sanders, C. W., Sadoski, M., Bramson, R., Wiprud, R., and Van Walsum, K., Comparing the effects of physical practice and mental imagery rehearsal on learning basic surgical skills by medical students. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, Vol. 191, No. 5, 2004,

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Lang, T. J., Blackwell, S. E., Harmer, C., Davison, P., & Holmes, E. A., Cognitive bias modification using mental imagery for depression: Developing a novel computerized intervention to change negative thinking styles. European Journal of Personality, Vol. 26, 2012,

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Problematic experiences such as strange sensations, unexplained pains, psychological instability, undesired hallucinations, sexual anomalies, uncontrollable behaviors, demonic possession, suicidality, and so forth seem to be quite well-known and well-documented across

3895: – general term for a multitude of religious practices, often quite different in method, but all having the same goal: to bring the consciousness of the practitioner to a state in which he can come to an experience of 'awakening,' 'liberation,' 'enlightenment.'" 2167:

The first principle is that meditation is learned through practice. Many people who practice rosary meditation begin very simply and gradually develop a more sophisticated meditation. The meditator learns to hear an interior voice, the voice of God. Similarly, the

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Jevning et al. (1992): "We define meditation... as a stylized mental technique... repetitively practiced for the purpose of attaining a subjective experience that is frequently described as very restful, silent, and of heightened alertness, often characterized as

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Other criteria deemed important involve a state of psychophysical relaxation, the use of a self-focus skill or anchor, the presence of a state of suspension of logical thought processes, a religious/spiritual/philosophical context, or a state of mental silence.

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development that can emanate only from the higher level, i.e. from God. The sensation of receiving divine inspiration awakens and liberates both heart and intellect, permitting such inner growth that the apparently mundane actually takes on the quality of the

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Manyande, A., Berg, S., Gettins, D., Stanford, S. C., Mazhero, S., Marks, D. F., and Salmon, P., Preoperative rehearsal of active coping imagery influences subjective and hormonal responses to abdominal surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 57, No. 2, 1995,

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Bond, Kenneth; Ospina, Maria B.; Hooton, Nicola; Bialy, Liza; Dryden, Donna M.; Buscemi, Nina; Shannahoff-Khalsa, David; Dusek, Jeffrey; Carlson, Linda E. (2009). "Defining a complex intervention: The development of demarcation criteria for 'meditation'".

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The 2012 US National Health Interview Survey of 34,525 subjects found that 8% of US adults used meditation, with lifetime and 12-month prevalence of meditation use of 5.2% and 4.1% respectively. Meditation use among workers was 10% (up from 8% in 2002).

10860:Šouláková, Barbora; Kasal, Alexandr; Butzer, Bethany; Winkler, Petr (1 June 2019). "Meta-Review on the Effectiveness of Classroom-Based Psychological Interventions Aimed at Improving Student Mental Health and Well-Being, and Preventing Mental Illness". 3551:

where he outlined his own version of meditation for relaxation. Also in the 1970s, the American psychologist Patricia Carrington developed a similar technique called Clinically Standardized Meditation (CSM). In Norway, another sound-based method called

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has quoted research saying benefits can be achieved with a practice of only 8 minutes per day. Research shows improvement in meditation time with simple oral and video training. Some meditators practice for much longer, particularly when on a course or

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is a practice in which an individual uses a technique to train attention and awareness and detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking," achieving a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state, while not judging the meditation process itself.

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Asian meditative techniques have spread to other cultures where they have found application in non-spiritual contexts, such as business and health. Meditation may significantly reduce stress, fear, anxiety, depression, and pain, and enhance peace,

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Sahler O.J., Hunter, B.C., Liesveld J.L., The effect of using music therapy with relaxation imagery in the management of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a pilot feasibility study. Alternative Therapies, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2003, pp70-

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Luebert K, Dahme B, Hasenbring M. 2001. The effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing treatment-related symptoms and improving emotional adjustment in acute non-surgical cancer treatment: A meta-analytical review. Psycho-Oncology, Vol. 10:

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include almost anything that is claimed to train the attention of mind or to teach calmness or compassion. There remains no definition of necessary and sufficient criteria for meditation that has achieved widespread acceptance within the modern

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the Yoga Sutras adopt the pursuit of an altered state of awareness. However, unlike Buddhism, which avoids stating whether self and soul exist, Yoga is physicalist and realist, like Samkhya, believing that each individual has a self and soul.

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Van Gordon, William; Shonin, Edo; Sumich, Alex; Sundin, Eva C.; Griffiths, Mark D. (1 August 2014). "Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) for Psychological Well-Being in a Sub-Clinical Sample of University Students: A Controlled Pilot Study".

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meditation contrasts with most other approaches in that it does not involve the repetition of any phrase or action and requires no specific posture. Western Christian meditation progressed from the 6th century practice of Bible reading among

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introduced Buddhist meditation to other Asian countries, reaching China in the 2nd century CE, and Japan in the 6th century CE. In the modern era, Buddhist meditation techniques have become popular in the wider world, due to the influence of

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Lin, M. F., Hsu, M. C., Chang, H. J., Hsu, Y. Y., Chou, M. H., and Crawford, P., Pivotal moments and changes in the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music for patients with depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 19, Nos. 7‐8, 2010,

2078:) and reflecting on their meaning in the context of the love of God. Christian meditation is sometimes taken to mean the middle level in a broad three-stage characterization of prayer: it then involves more reflection than first level vocal 2159:, in an address to the General Audience, said that meditation is a need for everyone. He noted that the term "meditation" has had many meanings throughout history, and that "the ancients used to say that the organ of prayer is the heart." 8723:

Menzies V., Taylor A.G., Bourguignon C., Effects of guided imagery on outcomes of pain, functional status, and self-efficacy in persons diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2006,

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behaviors, found that meditation practices had small to medium effects on self-reported and observable outcomes, concluding that such practices can "improve positive prosocial emotions and behaviors". However, a meta-review published on

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participants were less likely to have unpleasant meditation-related experiences," and note the importance of "understanding when these experiences are constitutive elements of meditative practice rather than merely negative effects."

2423:, held in Chicago in 1893, was the landmark event that increased Western awareness of meditation. This was the first time that Western audiences on American soil received Asian spiritual teachings from Asians themselves. Thereafter, 8707:

Epstein G.N., Halper J.P., Barrett E.A., Birdsall, C., McGee, M., Baron K.P., Lowenstein S., A pilot study of mind-body changes in adults with asthma who practice mental imagery. alternative therapies. Volume 10, July/August 2004,

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Hölzel, Britta K.; Lazar, Sara W.; Gard, Tim; Schuman-Olivier, Zev; Vago, David R.; Ott, Ulrich (November 2011). "How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective".

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have developed meditation techniques for numerous psychological conditions. Mindfulness practice is employed in psychology to alleviate mental and physical conditions, such as affecting the endocrine system therefore reducing

1517:) for all phenomena, including all negative qualities and hindrances and lets them go. It is through the release of the hindrances and ending of craving through the meditative development of insight that one gains liberation. 7596: 4417:

Goyal, M.; Singh, S.; Sibinga, E. M.; Gould, N. F.; Rowland-Seymour, A.; Sharma, R.; Berger, Z.; Sleicher, D.; Maron, D. D.; Shihab, H. M.; Ranasinghe, P. D.; Linn, S.; Saha, S.; Bass, E. B.; Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2014).

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writes: "To arrive at the experiential realization of the truths it is necessary to take up the practice of meditation.... At the climax of such contemplation the mental eye ... shifts its focus to the unconditioned state,

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Many military organizations around the world have found meditation and mindfulness practice can support a range of benefits related to combat, including support for mental health, mental clarity, focus and stress control.

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is used to describe practices that self-regulate the body and mind, thereby affecting mental events by engaging a specific attentional set.... regulation of attention is the central commonality across the many divergent

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In the West, meditation techniques have often been classified in two broad categories, which in actual practice are often combined: focused (or concentrative) meditation and open monitoring (or mindfulness) meditation:

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Esplen, M. J. and Hodnett, E., A Pilot Study Investigating Student Musicians' Experiences of Guided Imagery as a Technique to Manage Performance Anxiety. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1999,

3117:, were used to observe neurological responses during meditation. Concerns have been raised on the quality of meditation research, including the particular characteristics of individuals who tend to participate. 12554: 8546:

Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What's In a Name? US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. D347. Retrieved 31 July

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of these disorders. Recent findings have also found evidence of meditation affecting migraines in adults. Mindfulness meditation may allow for a decrease in migraine episodes, and a drop in migraine medication

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Astin, J.A., Shapiro, S.L., Eisenberg, D. M., and Forys, M.A., Mind-body medicine: State of the science, implications for practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, Vol. 16:, 2003, pp131–147.

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of "Binah", Hebrew for understanding. This practice is the analytical reflective process of making oneself understand a mystical concept well, that follows and internalises its study in Hasidic writings. The

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Rose J. P. and Weis, J., Sound meditation in oncological rehabilitation: a pilot study of a receptive music therapy group using the monochord. Forschende Komplementarmedizin, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2006, pp335-343.

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a mild form of psychosis including auditory and visual hallucinations. In extreme cases in patients with underlying undiagnosed or historical emotional conditions there have been instances of self-harm.

2287:(thinking) which leads to knowledge. By the 12th century, the practice of Sufism included specific meditative techniques, and its followers practiced breathing controls and the repetition of holy words. 8828:

Feltz, D. L., and Riessinger, C. A., Effects of in vivo emotive imagery and performance feedback on self-efficacy and muscular endurance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1990,

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As of 2016 around a quarter of U.S. employers were using stress reduction initiatives. The goal was to help reduce stress and improve reactions to stress. Aetna now offers its program to its customers.

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to explain what "sit and forget" means: "I slough off my limbs and trunk, dim my intelligence, depart from my form, leave knowledge behind, and become identical with the Transformational Thoroughfare."

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Studies demonstrate that meditation has a moderate effect to reduce pain. There is insufficient evidence for any effect of meditation on positive mood, attention, eating habits, sleep, or body weight.

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consist of pearls or beads linked together by a thread. The Roman Catholic rosary is a string of beads containing five sets with ten small beads. Eastern and Oriental Orthodox have traditions of using

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Lutz, Antoine; Dunne, John D.; Davidson, Richard J. (2007). "Meditation and the Neuroscience of Consciousness: An Introduction". In Zelazo, Philip David; Moscovitch, Morris; Thompson, Evan (eds.).

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Awalt, R. M., Reilly, P. M., and Shopshire, M. S., The angry patient: an intervention for managing anger in substance abuse treatment. Journal of psychoactive drugs, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1997, 353-358.

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Grocke, D., and Wigram, T., Receptive methods in music therapy: Techniques and clinical applications for music therapy clinicians, educators, and students. London, England: Jessica Kingsley, 2007.

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offers the Mindful Leadership Program Series, a course which uses a combination of mindfulness meditation, yoga and dialogue with the intention of developing the mind's capacity to pay attention.

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Kutz, I; Borysenko, JZ; Benson, H (January 1985). "Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic psychotherapy, the relaxation response, and mindfulness meditation".

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of an individual. Yet he expressed some caution concerning a westerner's direct immersion in eastern practices without some prior appreciation of the differing spiritual and cultural contexts.

2214:, and yet are also intended to stimulate thought and deepen meaning. Christian meditation aims to heighten the personal relationship based on the love of God that marks Christian communion. In 366:

meditate as part of their everyday lives, they also engage in the codified rules and live together in monasteries in specific cultural settings that go along with their meditative practices.

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Molen, Y., Santos, G., Carvalho, L., Prado, L., and Prado, G., Pre-sleep worry decreases by adding reading and guided imagery to insomnia treatment. Sleep Medicine, Vol. 14, 2013, e210-e211.

8422:

Kachan, Diana; Olano, Henry; Tannenbaum, Stacey L.; Annane, Debra W.; Mehta, Ashwin; Arheart, Kristopher L.; Fleming, Lora E.; Yang, Xuan; McClure, Laura A.; Lee, David J. (5 January 2017).

5044: 8747:

Ong, J. C., Manber, R., Segal, Z., Xia, Y., Shapiro, S., and Wyatt, J. K., A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for chronic insomnia. Sleep, Vol. 37, No. 9, 2014, p1553.

3660:

meditation refers to a family of techniques which have in common a conscious attempt to focus attention in a nonanalytical way and an attempt not to dwell on discursive, ruminating thought

8628:

Post-White J. 2002. Clinical indication for use of imagery in oncology practice. In Voice Massage, Scripts for Guided Imagery, Edwards D.M (Ed.). Oncology Nursing Society: Pittsburgh, PA.

568:

clusters of techniques: "mindful observation, body-centered meditation, visual concentration, contemplation, affect-centered meditation, mantra meditation, and meditation with movement."

8662:

Unger, C. A., Busse, D., & Yim, I. S., The effect of guided relaxation on cortisol and affect: Stress reactivity as a moderator. Journal of Health Psychology, 2015, 1359105315595118.

12234: 8566:

Morris, C., The use of self-service technologies in stress management: A pilot project. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers. Saint Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, 2012.

5631: 8028: 446:

Goleman (1988): "the need for the meditator to retrain his attention, whether through concentration or mindfulness, is the single invariant ingredient in... every meditation system"

7588: 5825: 12991: 399:

Bond et al. (2009) identified criteria for defining a practice as meditation "for use in a comprehensive systematic review of the therapeutic use of meditation", using "a 5-round

12492: 11977: 8669:

Varvogli, L., and Darviri, C., Stress Management Techniques: evidence-based procedures that reduce stress and promote health. Health Science Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2011 pp74-89.

7479: 2378:

twice a day, once in the morning, and once in the evening, and meditate on it. He also encouraged people to reflect on one's actions and worth at the end of each day. During the

5022: 1349:(守一不移, "maintaining the one without wavering," turning the attention from the objects of experience, to the nature of mind, the perceiving subject itself, which is equated with 11331:, listed below. Overlap includes the first 6 authors of this paper, and the equivalence of Table 3 on p. 134 in this paper with Table B1 on p. 281 in the full report) 3235:

Difficult experiences encountered in meditation are mentioned in traditional sources, and some may be considered to be an expected part of the process. According to Salguero,

170:

Meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions. It is also practised independently from any religious or spiritual influences. The earliest records of meditation (

8730:

Antall G.F., Kresevic D. The use of guided imagery to manage pain in an elderly orthopedic population. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol. 23, No. 5, September/October 2004, pp335-340

8727:

Kwekkeboom, K. L., Kneip, J., and Pearson, L., A pilot study to predict success with guided imagery for cancer pain. Pain Management Nursing, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2003, pp112-123.

10512:"The Body Scan and Mindful Breathing Among Veterans with PTSD: Type of Intervention Moderates the Relationship Between Changes in Mindfulness and Post-treatment Depression" 8786:

Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A., In search of inner wisdom: guided mindfulness meditation in the context of suicide. The Scientific World Journal, Vol. 4, 2004, pp216-227.

8251: 6213:

Alexander Wynne, The Origin of Buddhist Meditation. Routledge 2007, p. 51. The earliest reference is actually in the Mokshadharma, which dates to the early Buddhist period.

1942:, and some Jews have described Kabbalah as an inherently meditative field of study. Kabbalistic meditation often involves the mental visualization of the supernal realms. 1285:, and through oral teacher-student transmissions. These ancient practices are supplemented with various distinct interpretations of, and developments in, these practices. 7149: 3808:

According to Shear, "Focused Attention, Open Monitoring and Automatic Self-Transcending were likely to be associated with (γ and β)13, θ, and α1 EEG bands, respectively."

10096:

Chiesa, Alberto; Serretti, Alessandro (16 April 2014). "Are Mindfulness-Based Interventions Effective for Substance Use Disorders? A Systematic Review of the Evidence".

729:

also have 108 beads, but hold a different meaning. In Buddhism, there are 108 human passions that impede enlightenment. Each bead is counted once as a person recites a

4690:

The verb root "dhyai" is listed as referring to "contemplate, meditate on" and "dhyāna" is listed as referring to "meditation; religious contemplation" on page 134 of

3502:

also implements mindfulness, offering more than a dozen meditation courses, with the most prominent one, "Search Inside Yourself", having been implemented since 2007.

10758: 6881: 5587: 4052:); the attainment of such states of consciousness was generally regarded as bringing the practitioner to deeper knowledge and experience of the nature of the world. ( 1771:("great ultimate boxing"), which is thought of as moving meditation. One common explanation contrasts "movement in stillness" referring to energetic visualization of 12531: 7510: 403:

with a panel of 7 experts in meditation research" who were also trained in diverse but empirically highly studied (Eastern-derived or clinical) forms of meditation:

8783:

Teasdale, J. D., Emotion and two kinds of meaning: Cognitive therapy and applied cognitive science. Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1993, pp339-354.

5454: 163:

Techniques are broadly classified into focused (or concentrative) and open monitoring methods. Focused methods involve attention to specific objects like breath or

9957:"Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People Diagnosed with a Current Episode of an Anxiety or Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials" 7820: 6180: 4276: 3414: 3713:

noted that "The word 'meditation' has been used to designate a variety of practices that differ enough from one another so that we may find trouble defining what

3787:: 254 for Walsh & Shapiro, 2006 (26 August 2018); 561 for Cahn & Polich, 2006 (26 August 2018); 83 for Jevning et al. (1992) (26 August 2018). Goleman's 2066:

introduced this terminology for the first time in the 12th century AD. Christian meditation is the process of deliberately focusing on specific thoughts (e.g. a

9142: 9042: 8685:

Holden-Lund C., Effects of relaxation with guided imagery on surgical stress and wound healing. Research in Nursing and Health, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2007, pp235-244.

5653:

Strait, Julia Englund; Strait, Gerald Gill; McClain, Maryellen Brunson; Casillas, Laurel; Streich, Kristin; Harper, Kristina; Gomez, Jocelyn (27 January 2020).

10147: 9087: 1672:. A meditator visualizes or actualizes solar and lunar essences, lights, and deities within their body, which supposedly results in health and longevity, even 4873: 8682:

Roffe, L., Schmidt, K., and Ernst, E., A systematic review of guided imagery as an adjuvant cancer therapy. Psycho-oncology, Vol. 14, No. 8, 2005, pp607-617.

3257: 10014:

Khoury, Bassam; Sharma, Manoj; Rush, Sarah E.; Fournier, Claude (June 2015). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis".

8675:

Wynd C. A., Relaxation imagery used for stress reduction in the prevention of smoking relapse. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2006, pp294-302.

3662:" (p. 6, italics in original). The term "discursive thought" has long been used in Western philosophy, and is often viewed as a synonym to logical thought. 3028:

publications. Consequently, guided meditation cannot be understood as a single technique but rather multiple techniques that are integral to its practice.

10789: 5208: 15479: 12956: 2473:

meditation have taken root. Rather than focusing on spiritual growth, secular meditation emphasizes stress reduction, relaxation and self-improvement.

1412:. According to Vetter, dhyana seems to be a natural development from the sense-restraint and moral constrictions prescribed by the Buddhist tradition. 93: 8343: 5178: 4099:, "there are more than fifty different practices outlined in this Sutta. The meditations that derive from these foundations of mindfulness are called 3187: 1263:

While most classical and contemporary Buddhist meditation guides are school-specific, the root meditative practices of various body recollections and

15560: 8807:

Hockenberry, M. H., Guided imagery as a coping measure for children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989, pp29-29.

4354: 5419:"Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions" 17985: 11638:

Jevning, R.; Wallace, R.K.; Beidebach, M. (September 1992). "The physiology of meditation: A review. A wakeful hypometabolic integrated response".

8672:

Carter, E., Pre-packaged guided imagery for stress reduction: Initial results. Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Health, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006, pp27-39.

8569:

Carter, E., Pre-packaged guided imagery for stress reduction: Initial results. Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Health, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006, pp27-39.

6618: 5041: 1949:

Meditation has been of interest to a wide variety of modern Jews. In modern Jewish practice, one of the best known meditative practices is called

407:

three main criteria ... as essential to any meditation practice: the use of a defined technique, logic relaxation, and a self-induced state/mode.

192:. Meditation-like techniques are also known in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, in the context of remembrance of and prayer and devotion to God. 17834: 11010: 7219: 2493: 635:, although other postures such as sitting, supine (lying), and standing are also used. Meditation is also sometimes done while walking, known as 6713: 5151: 4163: 4005: 19076: 18891: 12350: 11892:

Ospina, MB; Bond, K; Karkhaneh, M; Tjosvold, L; Vandermeer, B; Liang, Y; Bialy, L; Hooton, N; Buscemi, N; Dryden, DM; Klassen, TP (June 2007).

9496: 8471: 7347: 7340: 5330: 2382:, a period of the year during which Baháʼís adhere to a sunrise-to-sunset fast, they meditate and pray to reinvigorate their spiritual forces. 1664:(lit. "exist; be present; survive") has a sense of "to cause to exist; to make present" in the meditation techniques popularized by the Taoist 2992:

can be either in person, via media comprising music or verbal instruction, or a combination of both. The most common form is a combination of

12226: 5714: 1144:

a combination of core letters or words on deity or themes. Jain followers practice mantra regularly by chanting loudly or silently in mind.

11346: 10713: 10646: 5623: 18843: 16196: 12464: 8060: 7532: 4540: 2042:

is a term for a form of prayer in which a structured attempt is made to get in touch with and deliberately reflect upon the revelations of

1493:) the nature of phenomena. What exactly is to be seen varies within the Buddhist traditions. In Theravada, all phenomena are to be seen as 426:

Several other definitions of meditation have been used by influential modern reviews of research on meditation across multiple traditions:

8637:

Wallace KG. 1997. Analysis of recent literature concerning relaxation and imagery interventions for cancer pain. Cancer Nursing 20: 79–87.

7997: 19071: 5817: 5522: 4627: 3969: 1609:

meditations in its long history. Traditional Daoist meditative practices influenced Buddhism creating the unique meditative practices of

924:

are practised to recognize 'pure awareness', or 'pure consciousness', undisturbed by the workings of the mind, as one's eternal self. In

10357:"The potential effects of meditation on age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review: Effects of meditation on cognition in aging" 7050: 6094: 3477:. Sitting in silence, body scan meditation and concentrating on breathing was shown in a 2016 review to moderately decrease symptoms of 17879: 17806: 15004: 14105: 13616: 13545: 13477: 12500: 11954: 9184:

Luberto, Christina M.; Shinday, Nina; Song, Rhayun; Philpotts, Lisa L.; Park, Elyse R.; Fricchione, Gregory L.; Yeh, Gloria Y. (2017).

8226: 7758: 7471: 5682: 3788: 1541:(meditation) and good deeds are both necessary to achieve the devotee's spiritual goals; without good deeds meditation is futile. When 665:

technique recommends practice of 20 minutes twice per day. Some techniques suggest less time, especially when starting meditation, and

10333: 17684: 14083: 18130: 17970: 17844: 17829: 12438: 12231:

The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Review of Contemporary Research with a Comprehensive Bibliography 1931–1996

8187: 7124: 4731: 8696:

Kent, D., "Zenventures: Unwind your Imagination with Guided Meditation". Masters Thesis. Buffalo State University, New York, 2014.

4384: 12413: 8750:

Singh, A., and Modi, R., Meditation and positive mental health. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2012, p273.

8248: 8159: 6286: 5961: 11816:

Matko, Karin; Sedlmeier, Peter (15 October 2019), "What Is Meditation? Proposing an Empirically Derived Classification System",

1909:, describes ancient sages "waiting" for an hour before their prayers, "in order to direct their hearts to the Omnipresent One" ( 7141: 3321:

the desire to engage in reparative prosocial behaviors. Poullin et al. (2021) found that mindfulness can increase the trait of

1634:(literally means "decide; settle; stabilize") refers to "deep concentration", "intent contemplation", or "perfect absorption". 15764: 6222:

The Katha Upanishad describes yoga, including meditation. On meditation in this and other post-Buddhist Hindu literature, see

3351:(1875–1961) was an early western explorer of eastern religious practices. He clearly advocated ways to increase the conscious 17990: 13626: 12929: 12801: 12699: 12680: 12620: 12125: 12101: 11874: 11744: 11583: 11061: 9792: 9664: 9156: 9101: 9058: 8531: 8220: 8139: 8106: 7980: 7883: 7660: 7631: 7182: 7044: 6987: 6940: 6875: 6812: 6744: 6395: 6331: 6262: 6174: 5903: 5880: 5494: 5145: 4978: 4841: 4725: 4669: 4270: 3110: 2932: 2226: 12107: 7188: 1377:, with many non-Buddhists taking-up meditative practices. The modernized concept of mindfulness (based on the Buddhist term 19086: 18455: 15474: 13027: 12898: 12058:

Shapiro, D. H. (1982). "Overview: Clinical and physiological comparison of meditation with other self-control strategies".

10750: 7798: 6865: 5577: 4103:..., and in one form or another – and by whatever name – are found in all the major Buddhist traditions" (p. 92). 3607: 12523: 8844:

Hanh, Thich Nhat. The blooming of a lotus: Guided meditation for achieving the miracle of mindfulness. Beacon Press, 2009.

8500: 7738: 7502: 4714:

Mirahmadi, Sayyid Nurjan; Naqshbandi, Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani; Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham; Mirahmadi, Hedieh (2005).

2054:

had written on some form of "spiritual exercises" involving attention (prosoche) and concentration and by the 3rd century

18573: 17854: 17455: 10617:

Gong, Hong; Ni, Chen-Xu; Liu, Yun-Zi; Zhang, Yi; Su, Wen-Jun; Lian, Yong-Jie; Peng, Wei; Jiang, Chun-Lei (October 2016).

6440: 5418: 5297: 3538: 3380: 894: 12007:"Unpleasant meditation-related experiences in regular meditators: Prevalence, predictors, and conceptual considerations" 11756:"The varieties of contemplative experience: A mixed-methods study of meditation-related challenges in Western Buddhists" 10957:"Mindfulness for stress and anxiety management in nursing students in a clinical simulation: A quasi-experimental study" 9933: 8365:

Cramer, Holger; Hall, Helen; Leach, Matthew; Frawley, Jane; Zhang, Yan; Leung, Brenda; Adams, Jon; Lauche, Romy (2016).

6164: 5270: 4260: 2210:

in Indian teachings. Unlike some Eastern styles, most styles of Christian meditation do not rely on the repeated use of

1977:. The word derives from the Hebrew word "boded" (בודד), meaning the state of being alone. Another Hasidic system is the 357:

Some of the difficulty in precisely defining meditation has been in recognizing the particularities of the many various

18783: 18513: 18395: 17849: 16434: 14368: 6370: 3739: 3376: 1357: 3754:... a method of eliciting and refining group judgments to address complex problems with a high level of uncertainty" ( 18833: 17659: 14889: 12907: 12778: 12725: 12598: 12262: 12129: 11711: 11559: 11540: 11462: 11293: 11254: 9702: 9683: 9299: 7923: 7903: 7860: 7723: 7703: 7683: 7455: 7431: 7411: 7391: 7371: 7328: 7308: 7288: 7268: 7248: 6594: 6061: 5995: 5857: 4865: 4569: 4520: 3384: 2770: 10139: 9186:"A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Meditation on Empathy, Compassion, and Prosocial Behaviors" 4996:, p. 135: "It is plausible that meditation is best thought of as a natural category of techniques best captured by ' 2294:, involving high-intensity and sharply focused introspection. In the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi Sufi order, for example, 797:

has expressed the view that having a narrative can help the maintenance of daily practice. For instance, he himself

18886: 16444: 13948: 13820: 10813:"Contemplative Education: A Systematic, Evidence-Based Review of the effect of Meditation Interventions in Schools" 4869: 3522:

Positive effects on emotion regulation, stress and anxiety can also be seen in students in university and nursing.

2964:, yet may contain some degree of Western influence. In the West, meditation found its mainstream roots through the 1569: 8991:"Reiterated Concerns and Further Challenges for Mindfulness and Meditation Research: A Reply to Davidson and Dahl" 3920:

literally means "development" as in "mental development." For the association of this term with "meditation," see

1398:, while often presented as a form of focused attention or concentration, as in Buddhagosa's Theravada classic the 1155:, in which one contemplates on seven facts – life and non-life, the inflow, bondage, stoppage and removal of 18848: 18743: 17869: 17864: 17820: 17450: 16294: 15538: 14523: 13993: 9836: 9755:"Minding Your Own Business? Mindfulness Decreases Prosocial Behavior for People With Independent Self-Construals" 9292:

The Psyche in Chinese Medicine, Treatment of Emotional and Mental Disharmonies with Acupuncture and Chinese Herbs

6760:

Ranjan, Abhiruchi (2019). "Ravidassia Religiosity in the Modern Era: Perspectives in Theory and from the Field".

3830:

writes, "Patanjali's system is unthinkable without Buddhism. As far as its terminology goes there is much in the

3427:

A 2014 review found that practice of mindfulness meditation for two to six months by people undergoing long-term

2216: 1720: 1588: 739:

has 99 beads. There is also quite a variance when it comes to materials used for beads. Beads made from seeds of

709:

has 108 beads. The figure 108 in itself having spiritual significance as the energy of the sounds equivalates to

12864:

Shapiro, Deane H. (1992). "Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators".

19081: 18703: 18528: 17801: 16820: 16761: 16648: 16527: 16459: 14867: 14505: 14424: 13538: 12201: 10781: 10414:"Meditation and yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials" 4889: 3572: 3478: 3474: 1990:, founded by Rabbi Israel Salanter in the middle of the nineteenth-century, emphasized meditative practices of 980: 834:

of India. According to Wynne, the earliest clear references to meditation are in the middle Upanishads and the

16940: 16815: 5787: 1895:

Classical Jewish texts espouse a wide range of meditative practices, often associated with the cultivation of

19096: 18853: 18268: 18005: 17669: 17518: 17440: 16862: 15904: 15437: 14076: 13060: 13050: 5480: 2657: 2420: 2144:(i.e. read, ponder, pray, contemplate). Western Christian meditation was further developed by saints such as 414:... It is plausible that meditation is best thought of as a natural category of techniques best captured by ' 12948: 10332:. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. 1 April 2016. 8367:"Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of meditation use among US adults: A nationally representative survey" 5174: 3308:; 'demonic states'). Traditional sources also precribe cures against these experiences, for example 19101: 18911: 18713: 15926: 14656: 10271:"Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Episodic Migraine: an Update of Evidence from the Last 3 Years" 8335: 7566: 5352:

Shonin, Edo; Van Gordon, William (October 2016). "Experiencing the Universal Breath: a Guided Meditation".

3423:"results from the studies have been difficult to analyze and may have been interpreted too optimistically." 1641:(lit. "watch; observe; view") meditation seeks to merge and attain unity with the Dao. It was developed by 1614: 856:

is describing meditation when it states that "Having become calm and concentrated, one perceives the self (

16950: 11721:

Lai, Whalen; Cheng, Yu-yin (2008), "Chinese Buddhist Philosophy from Han through Tang", in Mou, Bo (ed.),

10222:"Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association" 4350: 1946:

has argued that the ultimate purpose of Kabbalistic meditation is to understand and cleave to the Divine.

987:("aloneness") or inner awareness. The first four, known as the "outer limbs," include ethical discipline ( 784:

Nobody asked about the 'meaning' of the stick, nobody explained, and nobody ever complained about its use.

465:

Direction of mental attention... A practitioner can focus intensively on one particular object (so-called

19106: 18921: 18633: 18628: 18400: 16923: 16884: 16439: 16353: 15921: 14273: 13065: 10461:

Bisson, Jonathan I; Roberts, Neil P; Andrew, Martin; Cooper, Rosalind; Lewis, Catrin (13 December 2013).

8911:"Mind the Hype: A Critical Evaluation and Prescriptive Agenda for Research on Mindfulness and Meditation" 3688:

thought processes, only those processes that are sometimes referred to as "discursive" or "logical" (see

3309: 2965: 31: 16955: 16945: 12255:

The Heart of Buddhist Meditation: A Handbook of Mental Training based on the Buddha's Way of Mindfulness

11383:

Cahn, B. Rael; Polich, John (2006). "Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies".

2224:

warned of potential incompatibilities in mixing Christian and Eastern styles of meditation. In 2003, in

19091: 17699: 17644: 17340: 16080: 15587: 14268: 14210: 13583: 13458: 11923:

Perez-De-Albeniz, Alberto; Holmes, Jeremy (2000). "Meditation: Concepts, Effects And Uses In Therapy".

9050: 6610: 4697:

A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation and etymological analysis throughout

3440: 3406:. Mindfulness is also used as a form of interventional therapy in the treatment of addiction including 3248:

mentions various unpleasant stages, and possible "unwholesome or frightening visions" are mentioned in

3129: 2572: 1938:, from the root /R-K-B/ meaning "chariot" (of God). Some meditative traditions have been encouraged in 1627:

distinguishes three basic types of Taoist meditation: "concentrative", "insight", and "visualization".

1510: 1165:, one contemplates on the incorrect insights one indulges, which eventually develops right insight. In 809: 17: 15668: 13378: 10956: 8262:, has chapters in non-Western locations in Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea (accessed 5 July 2010) 7211: 5896:

Beads of faith: pathways to meditation and spirituality using rosaries, prayer beads, and sacred words

3461:

Early low-quality and low- quantity evidence indicates that the mechanism of meditation may help with

1420:

The Buddha identified two paramount mental qualities that arise from wholesome meditative practice or

30:

This article is about the induction of specific modes or states of consciousness. For other uses, see

18946: 18735: 18593: 18045: 16933: 16712: 16343: 15973: 15518: 14650: 14402: 14239: 14194: 14003: 13531: 13418: 13188: 9410:"Cultures in psychiatric nosology: The CCMD-2-R and International Classification of Mental Disorders" 9317:"Cultures in psychiatric nosology: The CCMD-2-R and International Classification of Mental Disorders" 6709: 5135: 4159: 4001: 3735: 2925: 2525: 1122:

is discriminating knowledge (bheda-vijñāna) of the tattvas (truths or fundamental principles), while

934: 768: 662: 585: 524: 498: 17051: 10682: 10172:"Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 8479: 7344: 6705: 5322: 4420:"Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 4155: 3997: 3961: 2375: 771:

being attained through disciples being struck by their masters. According to T. Griffith Foulk, the

18450: 18410: 18365: 18155: 18145: 17950: 17704: 17529: 17465: 17435: 17325: 17090: 16999: 16967: 16928: 16840: 15737: 14984: 14920: 14390: 14375: 14069: 13709: 13662: 13020: 12996: 11225: 5476: 4692: 3462: 3283: 3133: 2834: 2485: 2198:, Christian meditation contrasts with Eastern forms of meditation as radically as the portrayal of 976: 852: 15427: 10722: 7772: 2364: 1471:

According to this understanding, which is central to Theravada orthodoxy but also plays a role in

1408:, the "seven factors of awakening," and may therefore refer to the core program of early Buddhist 527:

divides meditation approaches into concentrative, generative, receptive and reflective practices:

18901: 18838: 18788: 18748: 18693: 18328: 18323: 18213: 18160: 18050: 17980: 17776: 17587: 17502: 16707: 16685: 16484: 16306: 15831: 15469: 15396: 15080: 14451: 14251: 14160: 14040: 13689: 13242: 11340: 11229: 10618: 9148: 9093: 7447: 5704: 5005: 4856:

Lutz, Dunne and Davidson, "Meditation and the Neuroscience of Consciousness: An Introduction" in

4700: 3547: 2541: 2497: 2117: 1824:) in the field – a term understood by all commentators as some type of meditative practice ( 1781:("seated meditation"), versus "stillness in movement" referring to a state of meditative calm in 1436:(insight). As the developing tradition started to emphasize the value of liberating insight, and 419: 13588: 12460: 12005:

Schlosser, Marco; Sparby, Terje; Vörös, Sebastjan; Jones, Rebecca; Marchant, Natalie L. (2019).

8131: 8123: 8098: 8090: 8056: 7536: 6837: 4536: 3158:

Luberto er all (2017), in a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of meditation on

1333:("no thought, no fixation on thought, such as one's own views, experiences, and knowledge") and 979:(c. 400 CE), a text associated with Yoga and Samkhya and influenced by Buddhism, which outlines 933:, individual self, is recognized as illusory, and in Reality identical with the omnipresent and 266:

as part of a formal, stepwise process of meditation goes back to at least the 12th-century monk

18768: 18663: 18623: 18603: 18460: 18435: 18340: 18313: 18263: 18233: 18223: 18140: 18105: 18090: 18075: 18030: 17965: 17639: 17570: 17475: 17470: 17211: 17134: 16896: 16778: 16702: 16499: 16489: 16348: 16316: 16254: 16225: 15732: 15727: 15533: 15414: 15374: 15159: 14500: 14495: 14475: 14471: 13905: 12717: 11595:"A Double-Edged Sword-A Case Report of Psychosis Associated with Excessive Unguided Meditation" 10677: 9715: 6254: 3622: 3562:

has been used by many researchers since the 1950s in an effort to enter deeper states of mind.

3534: 3448: 3114: 3056: 2879: 2371: 1837: 1536: 1486: 801:

to the teachings, and meditates "not primarily for my benefit, but for the benefit of others".

798: 5655:"Classroom Mindfulness Education Effects on Meditation Frequency, Stress, and Self-Regulation" 5518: 4970:

Reading neoplatonism: Non-discursive thinking in the texts of plotinus, proclus, and damascius

4797:

Carroll, Mary (October 2005). "Divine Therapy: Teaching Reflective and Meditative Practices".

3965: 1464:

enables one to see, explore and discern "formations" (conditioned phenomena based on the five

19009: 18954: 18871: 18823: 18798: 18598: 18420: 18415: 18283: 18273: 18095: 17771: 17714: 17534: 17480: 16901: 16879: 16798: 16739: 16405: 15844: 15695: 14847: 14446: 14358: 14010: 13840: 13745: 13237: 13070: 13055: 12811:

Lutz, A.; Greischar, L. L.; Rawlings, N. B.; Ricard, M.; Davidson, R. J. (16 November 2004).

12310:"The meeting of meditative disciplines and western psychology: A mutually enriching dialogue" 10668:

Karakas, Fahri (2009). "Spirituality and Performance in Organizations: A Literature Review".

10510:

Colgan, Dana Dharmakaya; Christopher, Michael; Michael, Paul; Wahbeh, Helané (1 April 2016).

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Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science

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developed a psychology of meditation and has been the subject of several scientific studies.

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benefits when employed as an adjunct to primary strategies. Benefits include lower levels of

2692: 2184: 1732: 726: 718: 209: 15715: 15663: 11482:"Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation-based therapies: a systematic review" 10412:

Gallegos, Autumn M.; Crean, Hugh F.; Pigeon, Wilfred R.; Heffner, Kathi L. (December 2017).

8210: 5654: 1395: 1250: 1012: 18999: 18989: 18974: 18881: 18808: 18778: 18753: 18718: 18678: 18673: 18648: 18518: 18440: 18390: 18370: 18360: 18248: 18195: 18170: 18020: 18015: 17995: 17960: 17945: 17889: 17664: 17597: 17565: 17445: 17380: 17246: 17124: 16977: 16857: 16756: 16668: 16636: 16631: 16479: 16211: 15486: 15070: 14830: 14441: 14385: 14336: 14321: 14174: 13983: 13968: 13943: 13923: 13329: 13277: 13096: 12824: 12555:"Meditation is touted as a cure for mental instability but can it actually be bad for you?" 12018: 11767: 10368: 9968: 9246: 8424:"Prevalence of Mindfulness Practices in the US Workforce: National Health Interview Survey" 8378: 5608: 3537:

conducted a series of clinical tests on meditators from various disciplines, including the

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meditate, they aim to feel God's presence and emerge in the divine light. It is only God's

1366: 1027: 696: 361:; and theories and practice can differ within a tradition. Taylor noted that even within a 346: 15779: 14683: 8974: 4027: 3874:, p. 4), states that Buddhist meditation "includes any method of meditation that has 2440: 2357: 1808:

Judaism has made use of meditative practices for thousands of years. For instance, in the

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Reimagining Chan Buddhism: Sheng Yen and the Creation of the Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan

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Sampaio, Cynthia Vieira Sanches; Lima, Manuela Garcia; Ladeia, Ana Marice (April 2017).

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further allows that some Buddhist meditations are "of a more preparatory nature" (p. 4).

1934:

One of the best-known types of meditation in early Jewish mysticism was the work of the

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Newham, P., Music, and Meditation: The Therapeutics of Sound. London: Tigers Eye: 2014.

8448: 8423: 8399: 8366: 7953: 6830: 6785: 6390:. Routledge Hindu studies series. London ; New York: Routledge. pp. 272–273. 6247: 6145: 5764: 5737: 5674: 5446: 5369: 5087: 5062: 4997: 4619: 4495: 4452: 4419: 4376: 4332: 4096: 3859:

The Yogasūtra of Patañjali: A New Introduction to the Buddhist Roots of the Yoga System

3855:

Yoga in Transformation. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on a Global Phenomenon

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that then spread through the rest of east Asia from around the 5th century.Traditional

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pindāstha-dhyāna, padāstha-dhyāna, rūpāstha-dhyāna, rūpātita-dhyāna, and savīrya-dhyāna

1000: 902: 415: 284: 172: 16092: 15641: 15259: 14989: 12847: 12812: 12409: 11651: 10619:"Mindfulness meditation for insomnia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" 10329: 9897: 8156: 6278: 5953: 5061:

Lutz, Antoine; Slagter, Heleen A.; Dunne, John D.; Davidson, Richard J. (April 2008).

3451:, with the qualification that meditation needs to be better defined in higher-quality 3372: 1475:, through the meditative development of serenity, one is able to weaken the obscuring 531:

concentrative: focused attention, including breath meditation, TM, and visualizations;

19041: 19035: 18969: 18926: 18916: 18906: 18896: 18803: 18723: 18683: 18608: 18578: 18470: 18425: 18405: 18380: 18355: 18318: 18303: 18278: 18253: 18165: 18115: 18070: 18055: 18035: 18025: 18000: 17940: 17884: 17649: 17425: 17021: 16992: 16916: 16911: 16872: 16810: 16766: 16751: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16663: 16398: 16284: 16050: 16020: 16000: 15821: 15616: 15597: 15592: 15528: 15491: 15212: 15127: 15050: 14948: 14938: 14906: 14894: 14862: 14839: 14821: 14717: 14572: 14480: 14466: 14429: 14417: 14246: 14165: 14117: 14030: 13933: 13453: 13423: 13403: 13344: 13314: 13272: 13193: 13136: 13101: 12935: 12925: 12903: 12873: 12852: 12797: 12774: 12752: 12721: 12695: 12676: 12647: 12616: 12594: 12370: 12329: 12258: 12250: 12185: 12157: 12121: 12097: 12075: 12046: 11969: 11911: 11880: 11870: 11845: 11795: 11740: 11707: 11655: 11626: 11579: 11555: 11536: 11501: 11458: 11441: 11433: 11400: 11289: 11189: 11171: 11095: 11057: 11006: 10994: 10986: 10941: 10929: 10897: 10885: 10877: 10846: 10834: 10699: 10638: 10634: 10596: 10588: 10549: 10531: 10492: 10463:"Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults" 10443: 10394: 10308: 10290: 10251: 10201: 10187: 10113: 10078: 10070: 10031: 10027: 9996: 9917: 9866: 9774: 9735: 9698: 9679: 9660: 9639: 9516: 9437: 9429: 9344: 9336: 9295: 9272: 9215: 9152: 9097: 9054: 9020: 8940: 8894: 8882: 8527: 8453: 8404: 8216: 8135: 8102: 8020: 7976: 7957: 7919: 7899: 7879: 7856: 7767: 7719: 7699: 7679: 7656: 7652: 7627: 7451: 7427: 7407: 7387: 7367: 7324: 7304: 7284: 7264: 7244: 7178: 7040: 6983: 6936: 6871: 6808: 6777: 6740: 6590: 6391: 6388:

Bhakti and embodiment: fashioning divine bodies and devotional bodies in Kṛṣṇa bhakti

6366: 6327: 6258: 6170: 6067: 6057: 6001: 5991: 5909: 5899: 5876: 5853: 5769: 5678: 5500: 5490: 5438: 5373: 5141: 5092: 4974: 4861: 4837: 4810: 4721: 4661: 4611: 4603: 4583: 4565: 4516: 4499: 4478:

Shaner, Lynne; Kelly, Lisa; Rockwell, Donna; Curtis, Devorah (2016). "Calm Abiding".

4457: 4439: 4435: 4324: 4316: 4266: 3839: 3799:. Citation and edition counts are as of August 2018 and September 2018 respectively. 3684:, p. 281). This does not mean that all meditation seeks to take a person beyond 3587: 3494:

and performance in organizations found an increase in corporate meditation programs.

3452: 3436: 3399: 3271: 3025: 2874: 2675: 2632: 2489: 2424: 2379: 2246: 2195: 2112: 2106: 1803: 1564: 1460: 1454: 1442: 1294: 945: 671: 550: 115: 16504: 16102: 15752: 15496: 12885: 12659: 12197: 11421: 11134: 10568: 10125: 9929: 9547: 9545: 9235:"The limited prosocial effects of meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 8961:

Stetka, Bret (7 December 2017). "Where's the Proof that Mindfulness Really Works?".

8878: 6149: 5928: 5450: 4623: 3949: 2457: 2124:, i.e. divine reading. Its four formal steps as a "ladder" were defined by the monk 19111: 18994: 18876: 18773: 18385: 18345: 18293: 18288: 18205: 18175: 18085: 17975: 17839: 17791: 17786: 17350: 17315: 17288: 17046: 17031: 16906: 16830: 16680: 16658: 16566: 16427: 16206: 16169: 16025: 16010: 15958: 15742: 15722: 15690: 15685: 15656: 15651: 15575: 15565: 15384: 15348: 15340: 15311: 15224: 15144: 15139: 15102: 15092: 15018: 14956: 14798: 14635: 14485: 14143: 14050: 13835: 13830: 13785: 13765: 13621: 13304: 13252: 12842: 12832: 12744: 12639: 12362: 12341: 12321: 12294: 12177: 12145: 12067: 12036: 12026: 11932: 11901: 11835: 11825: 11811:, acmuller.net, Resources for East Asian Language and Thought, Musashino University 11785: 11775: 11667: 11647: 11616: 11606: 11573: 11493: 11412: 11392: 11313: 11179: 11161: 11122: 11087: 10976: 10968: 10921: 10869: 10824: 10687: 10630: 10584: 10580: 10539: 10523: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10433: 10425: 10384: 10376: 10298: 10282: 10241: 10233: 10191: 10183: 10105: 10062: 10023: 9986: 9976: 9909: 9766: 9727: 9629: 9621: 9508: 9421: 9328: 9262: 9254: 9205: 9197: 9010: 9002: 8970: 8930: 8922: 8874: 8443: 8435: 8394: 8386: 8259: 8012: 7945: 6769: 6137: 6032: 5759: 5749: 5666: 5557: 5430: 5361: 5082: 5074: 4829: 4806: 4649: 4595: 4487: 4447: 4431: 4336: 4308: 4142: 3986:." (Square-bracketed Pali word included based on Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu, 2006, end note 3891:...." A similar although in some ways slightly broader definition is provided by: " 3542: 3444: 3267: 3205: 3032: 3021: 2993: 2849: 2844: 2824: 2814: 2513: 2305: 2176: 2172: 2058:

had developed meditative techniques. The word meditation comes from the Latin word

1789:

that seeks the unification of internal alchemical forms with more external forms.`

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Taoist meditation has developed techniques including concentration, visualization,

1472: 1314: 1055: 1039: 1008: 874: 794: 666: 130: 84: 16643: 12351:"Meditation-A Slippery Slope for Psychosis: A Case Series With Review of Evidence" 12283:"Sitting with the Demons – Mindfulness, Suffering, and Existential Transformation" 11946:

Reexamining Jhana: Towards a Critical Reconstruction of Early Buddhist Soteriology

9497:"Meditation-A Slippery Slope for Psychosis: A Case Series With Review of Evidence" 6867:

The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC

4653: 19045: 17674: 17654: 17144: 17036: 17026: 16695: 16363: 16154: 16134: 16065: 16030: 15963: 15747: 15673: 15646: 15621: 15570: 15543: 15331: 15274: 15045: 14562: 14363: 14289: 14229: 14184: 14153: 13988: 13963: 13953: 13918: 13913: 13845: 13672: 13448: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13131: 13106: 12986: 12893: 12768: 12669: 12366: 12091: 12031: 11780: 11734: 11513:

Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid; Ehrhard, Franz-Karl; Diener, Michael S., eds. (1991).

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Strauss, Clara; Cavanagh, Kate; Oliver, Annie; Pettman, Danelle (24 April 2014).

9753:

Poulin, M. J.; Ministero, L. M.; Gabriel, S.; Morrison, C. D.; Naidu, E. (2021).

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Newham, P., Guided Meditation: Principles and Practice. London; Tigers Eye, 2005.

8255: 8163: 7742: 7351: 7172: 7128: 6360: 5582: 5434: 5048: 5029: 4968: 4877: 4833: 3937: 3710: 3553: 3064: 3048: 3005: 2894: 2791: 2760: 2727: 2505: 2221: 2149: 2010: 1970: 1877: 1853: 1845: 1825: 1705: 1575: 1476: 1379: 1092: 1004: 925: 614: 13267: 12225:

Taylor, Eugene (1999). Murphy, Michael; Donovan, Steven; Taylor, Eugene (eds.).

11396: 7794: 5738:"Meditation acutely improves psychomotor vigilance, and may decrease sleep need" 5209:"Advanced Tibetan Buddhist meditation practice raises body temperature – Part 2" 2029:

stated: "Through the study of books one seeks God; by meditation one finds Him."

1177:, one thinks about the vastness of the universe and the loneliness of the soul. 17796: 17689: 17629: 17345: 17320: 17105: 17009: 16891: 16835: 16788: 16201: 16149: 16045: 16015: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15968: 15864: 15784: 15757: 15710: 15700: 14734: 14397: 14380: 14199: 14179: 14148: 13870: 13855: 13815: 13780: 13667: 13443: 13388: 12643: 12325: 12309: 11736:

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Yoga: India's philosophy of meditation

11569: 11236: 10972: 10873: 9258: 8494: 8177: 7735: 5124:), or both specific focal points and the field of awareness (Orenstein, 1971)." 5078: 3731: 3530: 3407: 3343: 3121: 3040: 3001: 2899: 2780: 2533: 2529: 2390: 2199: 1987: 1917: 1669: 1272: 1231: 610: 221: 14999: 12299: 12282: 11955:""Meditation Sickness" in Medieval Chinese Buddhism and the Contemporary West" 11936: 11126: 10925: 10829: 10812: 10691: 10527: 10429: 10286: 10220:

Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Hypertension (11 October 2017).

10066: 9770: 9448: 9201: 6432: 6141: 5365: 5293: 4599: 4031: 3846: 3410:, although the quantity and quality of evidence based research has been poor. 2819: 1452:

were understood as two distinct meditative techniques. In this understanding,

248: 167:, while open monitoring includes mindfulness and awareness of mental events. 19116: 19060: 17724: 17278: 17159: 16551: 16546: 16494: 16331: 16269: 16164: 16055: 15953: 15884: 15816: 15806: 15774: 15705: 15602: 15580: 15508: 15404: 15367: 15286: 15194: 14645: 14596: 14301: 13958: 13875: 13805: 13800: 13770: 13683: 13573: 12981: 12181: 11973: 11830: 11437: 11336: 11175: 11166: 10990: 10933: 10881: 10838: 10592: 10535: 10294: 10074: 9625: 9433: 9340: 9006: 8926: 8016: 7949: 6781: 6773: 6455: 5913: 5709: 5670: 5504: 5484: 5262: 5009: 4607: 4491: 4443: 4320: 4312: 3751: 3503: 3245: 3036: 2997: 2854: 2680: 2537: 2466: 2345: 2265: 2121: 2083: 1991: 1928: 1841: 1683: 1674: 1602: 1550: 1526: 1485:). This quality of mind then supports the development of insight and wisdom ( 1400: 1350: 1307: 1282: 1148: 842: 703:

called Comboschini or Meqetaria as an aid to prayerful meditation. The Hindu

675: 541: 400: 148: 141: 16393: 12837: 10237: 10050: 7472:"Pope at Audience: Meditating is a way of encountering Jesus - Vatican News" 6071: 6005: 4665: 4584:"Meditation, Health and Scientific Investigations: Review of the Literature" 3835: 2234:

announced that the "Church avoids any concept that is close to those of the

1185: 1075: 17859: 17761: 17622: 17310: 17305: 17283: 17273: 17154: 16586: 16521: 16464: 16449: 16415: 16040: 15948: 14966: 14857: 14852: 14703: 14673: 14547: 14515: 14263: 14234: 14221: 14020: 13890: 13860: 13775: 13755: 13750: 13740: 13714: 13694: 13413: 13359: 13292: 13178: 12917: 12856: 12374: 12333: 12189: 12050: 11915: 11849: 11799: 11630: 11611: 11505: 11445: 11404: 11193: 11099: 11053: 10998: 10889: 10642: 10600: 10553: 10496: 10447: 10398: 10312: 10255: 10205: 10117: 10082: 10035: 10000: 9921: 9831: 9778: 9739: 9643: 9520: 9276: 9219: 9024: 8944: 8886: 8457: 8408: 6589:. Translated by James W. Heisig; Paul F. Knitter. World Wisdom. p. 5. 6319: 5773: 5754: 5442: 5096: 4615: 4461: 4328: 3827: 3767:

Regarding influential reviews encompassing multiple methods of meditation:

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or medical therapy could produce moderate improvements in pain management,

2969: 2839: 2755: 2722: 2156: 2098: 2047: 1995: 1943: 1642: 1555:

involves focusing one's attention on the names or great attributes of God.

1318: 692: 201: 111:

Various depictions of meditation (clockwise starting at the top left): the

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Zen and the Brain: Toward an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness

12149: 12079: 12071: 11659: 11091: 9441: 9348: 8854:

brachytherapy patients. Psycho-oncology, Vol. 16, No. 11, 2007, pp971-979.

8024: 3954: 3519:

improvement to stress, cognitive performance in school taught meditation.

3253: 1653: 1289: 972: 383:) for the purpose of reaching a heightened level of spiritual awareness." 314:

The term "meditation" in English may also refer to practices from Islamic

254: 17781: 17756: 17580: 17548: 17539: 17485: 17415: 17400: 17293: 17184: 16845: 16793: 16581: 16299: 16279: 16119: 16060: 15798: 15794: 15607: 15117: 15065: 15035: 14872: 14726: 14618: 14542: 14407: 14343: 14294: 14015: 13760: 13652: 13593: 13408: 13339: 13287: 13232: 13208: 13086: 12671:

Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom

12608: 12087: 10981: 10269:

Wells, Rebecca Erwin; Beuthin, Justin; Granetzke, Laura (February 2019).

9391: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9375: 8439: 6242: 5788:"Questions & Answers – Dhamma Giri – Vipassana International Academy" 4121: 3983: 3559: 3356: 3322: 3125: 2765: 2627: 2612: 2521: 2450: 2411:

and these have been disseminated to a limited extent to Asian countries.

2094: 2075: 1606: 1302:, postulating over fifty methods for developing mindfulness based on the 1264: 1241: 1236: 1189: 1031: 847: 836: 700: 561: 502: 478: 180:, and meditation plays a salient role in the contemplative repertoire of 144: 73: 64: 55: 17100: 17041: 16144: 15550: 15379: 14928: 12939: 12748: 9731: 6789: 4224: 4222: 1007:), transitions into the "inner limbs" that are one-pointedness of mind ( 17747: 17742: 17617: 17612: 17575: 17553: 17410: 17390: 17385: 17226: 17216: 16783: 16561: 16509: 16249: 15894: 15874: 15432: 15357: 15296: 15060: 15040: 14961: 14613: 14581: 14552: 14331: 14326: 14311: 13885: 13865: 13825: 13790: 13393: 13173: 11497: 10380: 9425: 9332: 5562: 5545: 4780: 4778: 4117: 3929: 3842: 3718: 3428: 3394: 3292: 3200: 3163: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3120:

Meditation lowers heart rate, oxygen consumption, breathing frequency,

3084: 2986: 2889: 2884: 2712: 2707: 2687: 2436: 2269: 1952: 1624: 1322: 1102: 1043: 1023: 898: 831: 642: 507: 392: 237: 213: 205: 197: 177: 42: 16591: 15452: 10811:

Waters, Lea; Barsky, Adam; Ridd, Amanda; Allen, Kelly (1 March 2015).

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Pascoe, Michaela C.; Thompson, David R.; Ski, Chantal F. (July 2020).

9898:"When mindfulness is therapy: Ethical qualms, historical perspectives" 9676:

Mindlessness: The Corruption of Mindfulness in a Culture of Narcissism

9372: 9089:

Authentic Knowing: The Convergence of Science and Spiritual Aspiration

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by David A. Leeming, Kathryn Madden, Stanton Marlan 2009 ISBN page 559

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Guided meditation as an aggregate or synthesis of techniques includes

2338:. Muslim teachings embrace life as a test of one's submission to God. 2002:

has emphasized meditation playing an important role in the process of

1661: 1638: 1631: 1256: 1016: 960:, 'nature'. Depending on the tradition, the liberative event is named 17694: 17490: 17405: 17395: 17266: 17221: 17206: 17139: 16987: 16454: 16376: 16336: 16326: 16289: 16264: 16244: 16139: 16005: 15859: 15849: 15611: 15459: 15269: 15254: 15219: 15202: 15184: 15097: 14877: 14793: 14772: 14767: 14744: 14739: 14698: 14693: 14630: 14567: 14490: 14461: 14412: 14353: 14306: 14025: 13973: 13810: 13704: 13677: 13163: 13151: 13141: 11364:

In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon

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McMindfulness: How Mindfulness Became the New Capitalist Spirituality

9532: 9530: 9409: 9316: 9038: 7623: 7131:. Conservative Judaism 63, no. 2 (2012): 3–26. Retrieved 10 June 2014 6226:

The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change

5385: 5383: 5120:), on all mental events that enter the field of awareness (so-called 4219: 3941: 3743: 3602: 3582: 3352: 3348: 3167: 3137: 3106: 3017: 2949: 2869: 2864: 2775: 2737: 2697: 2652: 2637: 2602: 2326: 2296: 2255: 2090: 1961:, alternatively transliterated as "hisbodedus"), and is explained in 1716: 1448: 1432: 1405: 890: 740: 705: 649: 556: 534:

generative: developing qualities like loving kindness and compassion;

512: 469:), on all mental events that enter the field of awareness (so-called 358: 323: 217: 123: 38: 15149: 14678: 12165: 12136:

Sharf, Robert (2014), "Mindfulness and Mindlessness in Early Chan",

11473:

Thought without a Thinker: Psychotherapy from a Buddhist Perspective

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Torné-Ruiz, Alba; Reguant, Mercedes; Roca, Judith (1 January 2023).

10751:"Why Google, Target, and General Mills Are Investing in Mindfulness" 8167:. Bahá'í Studies, volume 11. Association for Bahá'í Studies. Ottawa. 5546:"Pedestrian Dharma: Slowness and Seeing in Tsai Ming-Liang's Walker" 4893: 4775: 996: 339: 17497: 17241: 17231: 17086: 16576: 16556: 16383: 16259: 16114: 15678: 15422: 15362: 15281: 15189: 15176: 15154: 15134: 15112: 15107: 15087: 15027: 14994: 14933: 14777: 14762: 14640: 14601: 14557: 14348: 14285: 14189: 14092: 13978: 13850: 13578: 13523: 13216: 11480:

Farias, M.; Maraldi, E.; Wallenkampf, K. C.; Lucchetti, G. (2020).

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Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture

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Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu

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Rossano, Matt J. (February 2007). "Did Meditating Make Us Human?".

5795: 5231: 4948: 4713: 4160:"Samadhi Sutta: Concentration (Tranquillity and Insight) (AN 4.94)" 4023: 3913: 3784: 3780: 3597: 3470: 3466: 3068: 2961: 2957: 2829: 2702: 2617: 2517: 2335: 2321: 2231: 2188: 2180: 2125: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2003: 1999: 1982: 1962: 1939: 1935: 1693:"Inward training" is the oldest received writing on the subject of 1506: 1217: 1205: 984: 965: 957: 929: 913: 909: 885: 624: 319: 304: 296: 292: 267: 259: 189: 185: 137: 119: 12349:

Yadav, J.; Bhardwaj, A.; Jangid, P.; Singh, P.; Gupta, R. (2023).

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Yadav, J.; Bhardwaj, A.; Jangid, P.; Singh, P.; Gupta, R. (2023).

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The Seeker's Handbook: The Complete Guide to Spiritual Pathfinding

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Be Still and Get Going: A Jewish Meditation Practice for Real Life

5380: 4002:"One Tool Among Many: The Place of Vipassana in Buddhist Practice" 3966:"Maha-Rahulovada Sutta: The Greater Exhortation to Rahula (MN 62)" 3443:

issued a scientific statement that meditation may be a reasonable

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philosophy, and developed thousands of visualization meditations.

1022:

Later developments in Hindu meditation include the compilation of

733:

until the person has gone all the way around the mala. The Muslim

483: 17766: 17370: 17335: 17256: 17169: 17110: 17014: 16717: 16571: 16321: 16274: 16159: 16035: 15854: 15301: 15264: 15075: 14625: 14591: 14434: 14135: 13928: 13699: 13554: 13334: 13309: 13157: 13121: 11479: 9551: 9465: 9233:

Kreplin, Ute; Farias, Miguel; Brazil, Inti A. (5 February 2018).

5192: 4194: 4192: 3888: 3432: 3403: 3159: 3076: 3052: 2945: 2647: 2597: 2428: 2341: 2330: 2235: 2207: 2203: 1966: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1782: 1777: 1768: 1757: 1711: 1647: 1532: 1481: 1465: 1426: 1222: 1216:. The closest words for meditation in the classical languages of 1213: 1097: 1080: 1064: 992: 953: 949: 941: 827: 772: 735: 722: 632: 300: 272: 181: 134: 12630:

Craven, John L. (October 1989). "Meditation and Psychotherapy".

11884: 10454: 9355: 7558: 7102: 6864:

Harper, Donald; Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (2007) .

5624:"Neuroscientist Says Dalai Lama Gave Him 'a Total Wake-Up Call'" 3928:, p. 20). As an example from a well-known discourse of the 3909: 2415:

following decades saw further spread of these ideas to America:

1226:("development"), and the core practices of body contemplations ( 826:

Some of the earliest references to meditation, as well as proto-

501:), and single point meditation. Open monitoring methods include 489: 17679: 17558: 17543: 17362: 17251: 17236: 17194: 16972: 16850: 16124: 15879: 15869: 15503: 15464: 15306: 14914: 14884: 14608: 13657: 13354: 13324: 13282: 13262: 13183: 13168: 13000: 12770:

Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning

11704:

The three pillars of Zen: teaching, practice, and enlightenment

9716:"Mindfulness meditation reduces guilt and prosocial reparation" 9122: 6109: 6056:. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 7–40. 5735: 4860:

by Philip David Zelazo, Morris Moscovitch, Evan Thompson, 2007

3945: 3717:

is." A 2009 study noted a "persistent lack of consensus in the

3632: 3499: 3275: 3060: 2786: 2642: 2607: 2261: 2211: 2168: 2163: 2079: 1998:

that could help to improve moral character. Conservative rabbi

1921: 1829: 1763: 1752: 1747: 1741: 1549:

or order that allows a devotee to desire to begin to meditate.

1502: 1498: 1494: 1139: 1035: 961: 754: 748: 730: 637: 380: 315: 164: 127: 16070: 11524:

Community Health Nursing: Framework for Practice: Vol 2-E-Book

11512: 10509: 10218: 9752: 7090: 6461: 4912: 4297: 4189: 3925: 3181: 2435:

lectured at Harvard on Theravada Buddhist meditation in 1904;

1927:

22a) and breathing with conscious gratitude for every breath (

548:

The Buddhist tradition often divides meditative practice into

102: 17375: 17149: 17129: 17114: 16690: 16516: 16311: 16174: 16129: 16109: 15291: 14688: 14534: 14316: 13299: 13247: 13203: 13005: 11858:

The Northern School and the Formation of Early Chʻan Buddhism

10355:

Gard, Tim; Hölzel, Britta K.; Lazar, Sara W. (January 2014).

6681: 5736:

Kaul, P.; Passafiume, J; Sargent, C.R.; O'Hara, B.F. (2010).

4872:(NB: pagination of published was 499–551 proof was 497–550). 4351:"The Dalai Lama explains how to practice meditation properly" 3875: 2275: 2102: 2071: 1978: 1920:

include instructions for visualizing the Divine Presence (B.

1833: 1813: 1809: 1689: 1546: 1542: 1458:

steadies, composes, unifies and concentrates the mind, while

1209: 1193: 1157: 1059:

from the impersonal meditation on the sound-form of Brahman (

988: 971:

One of the most influential texts of classical Hindu Yoga is

744: 619: 603: 473:), or both specific focal points and the field of awareness. 375: 362: 244: 112: 10910: 9954: 8304: 4763: 2021: 1479:

and bring the mind to a collected, pliant, and still state (

17300: 17189: 15122: 14061: 13198: 11891: 11575:

The meditative mind: The varieties of meditative experience

11328: 10859: 9853:

C. G. Jung, "The psychology of eastern meditation" (1943),

9183: 8987: 8907: 8597: 8595: 8421: 5652: 5023:

The meditative mind: The varieties of meditative experience

4209: 4207: 4067:

Examples of contemporary school-specific classics include:

3793:

The meditative mind: The varieties of meditative experience

3697: 3681: 2953: 880: 590: 11455:

A clinical guide to the treatment of human stress response

11025: 10411: 7871: 7869: 7503:"Meditation is more than a self-help trend, explains Pope" 6669: 5395: 3857:, Vienna University Press; and Pradeep P. Gokhale (2020), 3851:

Some Problematic Yoga Sutras and their Buddhist Background

3250:

Practical Insight Meditation: Basic and Progressive Stages

258:, meaning "to think, contemplate, devise, ponder". In the 17199: 17164: 15839: 15198: 12004: 11342:

The Noble Eightfold Path: The Way to the End of Suffering

10460: 9395: 6710:"Vijja-bhagiya Sutta: A Share in Clear Knowing (AN 2.30)" 6527: 5578:"The Daily Habit Of These Outrageously Successful People" 4477: 4030:

Secretary Rupert Gethin, in describing the activities of

4022:, p. 385) for the derivation of the word "zen" from 2496:, also known as the Hare Krishna movement. Other popular 2445: 2043: 1785:

forms. Also the unification or middle road forms such as

1582: 1370: 776: 695:

as tools in devotional meditation. Most prayer beads and

352: 12546: 12348: 11894:"Meditation practices for health: state of the research" 11076: 10013: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9494: 9147:(2nd ed.). New York, NY, United States of America: 8592: 6503: 5243: 5060: 4924: 4720:. Fenton, MI: Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order of America. 4239: 4237: 4204: 3982:

translates this as: "Rahula, develop the meditation of

3721:" and a "seeming intractability of defining meditation". 3415:

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

3188:

Adverse effects and limits of meditation and mindfulness

2948:

meditations are often influenced by Eastern philosophy,

2191:

tradition are used for Christian prayer and meditation.

2109:

meditation approach to hesychasm, but this is unproven.

1828:

24:63). Similarly, there are indications throughout the

12493:"Does meditation carry a risk of harmful side effects?" 11677:

Meditation: The Buddhist art of tranquility and insight

11637: 9562: 9560: 8270: 8268: 7866: 7848: 7846: 7023:, New York, Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 108-10, 423-35. 6850:

Kohn, Livia (2008), "Meditation and visualization," in

6611:"How to Use Guided Meditation for Calm and Mindfulness" 6301: 4954: 4228: 3776: 1700:

vital breath": Your thoughts and deeds seem heavenly."

1695: 1597: 1489:) which is the quality of mind that can "clearly see" ( 1383:) and related meditative practices have in turn led to 1063:) in the Upanishads to a personal, devotional focus on 1060: 908:

There are many schools and styles of meditation within

710: 14104: 11922: 11113:

Rubin, Jeffrey B. (2001). "A New View of Meditation".

10168: 9713: 8863: 8364: 6961: 6870:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 880. 6863: 6515: 5389: 4936: 4850: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4416: 3525: 1745:"internal martial arts". Some well-known examples are 1306:, and forty for developing concentration based on the 334: 11869:. A Viking compass book. New York: The Viking Press. 11706:(25th anniversary ed.). New York: Anchor Books. 11521: 11419: 11324: 11302: 10954: 10810: 10268: 9714:

Hafenbrack, A. C.; LaPalme, M. L.; Solal, I. (2022).

9572: 9536: 7085:

The Essential Kabbalah: The Heart of Jewish Mysticism

6832:

Philosophy of Sikhism: Reality and Its Manifestations

6551: 6539: 6479: 6467: 6365:. Princeton University Press. pp. xiii–xvi, 49. 5263:"Deepening Calm-Abiding – The Nine Stages of Abiding" 5237: 5113: 4993: 4784: 4539:. Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2019. 4234: 3755: 3750:, p. 131); their views were combined using "the 3747: 3693: 3676: 3650: 3648: 3447:

practice and intervention to help reduce the risk of

2082:, but is more structured than the multiple layers of 1621:

were influenced and influences of Taoist meditation.

1169:, one reflects on the eight causes or basic types of 12274:

The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism

9557: 9478: 9476: 9474: 8292: 8280: 8265: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8051: 8049: 7843: 6195: 6169:. Università Gregoriana Editrice. pp. 243–244. 5570: 5137:

The Bhagavad Gita: (Classics of Indian Spirituality)

3821:, p. 43-45, from Abhidharma Buddhism's idea of 2062:, which means to "concentrate" or "to ponder". Monk 379:

concentrating on one's breathing or repetition of a

12922:

Altered states of consciousness: a book of readings

11753: 11277:

Mindfulness and Meditation: Your Questions Answered

11043: 10140:"Meditation and Mindfulness: What You Need To Know" 9366: 9232: 7718:by Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley 2003 7444:

After Augustine: the meditative reader and the text

7065: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6704: 5063:"Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation" 4973:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 4900: 4746: 4154: 3791:has 33 editions listed in WorldCat: 17 editions as 2405: 2325:: this is considered to permit access to a form of 1110:). Jain meditation can be broadly categorized into 12668: 11754:Lindahl, J.R.; Fisher, N.E.; Cooper, D.J. (2017). 11045: 10721: 8336:"8.0% of U.S. adults (18 million) used Meditation" 7589:"The Rosary as a Tool for Meditation by Liz Kelly" 7364:An introduction to the Christian Orthodox churches 6836:. Atlantic Publishers & Distribution. p. 6829: 6657: 6491: 6253:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6246: 5475: 5412: 5410: 3996: 3960: 3834:that reminds us of Buddhist formulations from the 3645: 2977:, as in the ancient yogic practice of meditation. 1267:have been preserved and transmitted in almost all 12093:Meditation, classic and contemporary perspectives 11376:The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India 11147: 11080:Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 10048: 9471: 8208: 8075: 8046: 7821:"Prersentation of Holy See's Document on New Age" 7746:Letter on certain aspects of Christian meditation 7404:Christian spirituality: themes from the tradition 6737:Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Sikhism 6584: 6569: 6025:Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 4823: 4581: 4145:4.94). This article's text is primarily based on 3482:treatment for patients diagnosed with insomnia. 2290:Sufism uses a meditative procedure like Buddhist 1973:writings, especially the Hasidic method of Rabbi 1161:, and the final accomplishment of liberation. In 340:No universally accepted definition for meditation 19058: 12412:. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 18 December 2017. 11327:has substantial overlap with the full report by 7736:EWTN: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 6993: 6572:Zen Buddhism: A History. Vol. 1: India and China 5985: 5351: 4882: 4141:are based on the "Four Kinds of Persons Sutta" ( 3109:research. Modern scientific techniques, such as 641:, while doing a simple task mindfully, known as 12817:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12515: 12166:"Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters)" 11865:Naranjo, Claudio; Ornstein, Robert E. (1972) . 11864: 10354: 10051:"Meditation and Endocrine Health and Wellbeing" 9895: 9889: 9871:Gathering the Light. A psychology of meditation 9610:"Has the science of mindfulness lost its mind?" 7761:New Age Beliefs Aren't Christian, Vatican Finds 7500: 5417:Travis, Fred; Shear, Jonathan (December 2010). 5407: 5317: 5315: 4918: 4769: 4265:. Università Gregoriana Editrice. p. 243. 2494:International Society for Krishna Consciousness 208:. Research is ongoing to better understand the 12486: 12484: 12482: 11815: 11453:Everly, George S.; Lating, Jeffrey M. (2002), 11426:Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 10782:"The Latest in Military Strategy: Mindfulness" 10616: 10095: 9793:"How mindfulness can make you a darker person" 8186:. Hawaii Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 28. 7620:The Routledge Companion to Mindfulness at Work 7406:by Lawrence S. Cunningham, Keith J. Egan 1996 6980:The history and varieties of Jewish meditation 6957:. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House Jerusalem. 6933:The history and varieties of Jewish meditation 5990:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 82–83. 5401: 2097:in Greece, and involves the repetition of the 1586:"Gathering the Light", Taoist meditation from 396:a deeper, more devout, or more relaxed state. 14077: 13539: 13021: 12552: 11522:Gangadharan, Shobana; Hemamalini, M. (2021), 11284:Benson, Herbert; Klipper, Miriam Z. (2000) . 11283: 11031: 9607: 9128: 8115: 6021:"A Case Study of the Evangelization of Japan" 5926: 5893: 5818:"Brahmamuhurta: The best time for meditation" 3926:Fischer-Schreiber, Ehrhard & Diener (1991 3672: 3670: 3668: 2926: 1208:pursue meditation as part of the path toward 12307: 12218:Selected Works of D.T. Suzuki, Volume I: Zen 11515:The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen 11452: 9720:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8310: 8202: 7936:Dwivedi, Kedar Nath (2016). "Book Reviews". 7878:by Rama Sankar Yadav & B.N. Mandal 2007 7640: 6462:Fischer-Schreiber, Ehrhard & Diener 1991 6115: 5705:"How Humankind Could Become Totally Useless" 5323:"Mindful Breathing (Greater Good in Action)" 5312: 4930: 4513:An universal etymological English dictionary 4198: 3768: 3421:However, the NCCIC goes on to caution that, 2013:have adopted Buddhist styles of meditation. 767:The Buddhist literature has many stories of 518: 283:was introduced as a translation for Eastern 13349: 13174:Shikantaza (Zen Buddhist seated meditation) 13087:Anapanasati (Buddhist breathing meditation) 12521: 12479: 11723:The Routledge History of Chinese Philosophy 11674: 11148:Brandmeyer, Tracy; Delorme, Arnaud (2013). 10055:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM 10007: 9657:The Buddha Pill: Can Meditation Change You? 8241: 8212:Centering prayer in daily life and ministry 8170: 7611: 7384:Christian Spirituality: A Historical Sketch 6404: 5618: 5616: 5416: 4642: 4113: 3896: 3871: 3192: 3144:(seen in normal relaxation) to much slower 1727:Taoist meditation practices are central to 1129:Jainism uses meditation techniques such as 1038:. Another important Hindu yoga text is the 743:trees are considered sacred by devotees of 455: 14084: 14070: 13617:Association for Research and Enlightenment 13546: 13532: 13478:The Varieties of the Meditative Experience 13028: 13014: 12084:Reprinted as chapter 1 (pp. 5–10) in 11422:"Meditation in association with psychosis" 11382: 11370: 10361:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 9037: 8956: 8954: 8128:A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith 8097:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 8095:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 7998:"Meditation and Somatic Arousal Reduction" 7716:The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 3 7209: 6857: 6675: 6653:The meditative practices of early Buddhism 6431:Jansma, Rudi; Key, Sneh Rani Jain (2006). 6410: 6362:The "Yoga Sutra of Patanjali": A Biography 6346:The 8 Limbs of Yoga: Pathway to Liberation 5206: 4942: 4648: 4213: 3932:, in "The Greater Exhortation to Rahula" ( 3772: 3665: 3545:. In 1975, Benson published a book titled 2933: 2919: 2348:, a form of physically active meditation. 2202:in the Bible contrasts with depictions of 1003:). The fifth, withdrawal from the senses ( 589:Young children practicing meditation in a 279:Apart from its historical usage, the term 12949:"Brain Scans Reveal Why Meditation Works" 12846: 12836: 12355:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 12308:Walsh, Roger; Shapiro, Shauna L. (2006). 12298: 12040: 12030: 11905: 11839: 11829: 11789: 11779: 11620: 11610: 11552:One Dharma: the emerging Western Buddhism 11549: 11457:, Springer Science & Business Media, 11255:Learn how and when to remove this message 11239:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 11183: 11165: 10980: 10828: 10681: 10543: 10486: 10437: 10405: 10388: 10302: 10245: 10226:Journal of the American Heart Association 10195: 9990: 9980: 9896:Harrington, Anne; Dunne, John D. 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It is less commonly used in 2966:social revolution of the 1960s and 1970s 2456: 2389: 2245: 2020: 1645:(618–907) Taoist masters based upon the 1581: 1568: 1440:came to be understood as concentration, 1430:("calm," "serenity" "tranquility") and 1415: 1244:of in-and-out breathing) culminating in 1184: 1074: 884: 808: 804: 691:Some religions have traditions of using 674:. Some meditators find practice best in 584: 386: 17911: 12866:International Journal of Psychosomatics 12667:Hanson, Rick; Mendius, Richard (2009). 12490: 12057: 11701: 11568: 11470: 11306:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 11274: 10779: 10667: 10612: 10610: 10467:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10324: 10322: 10212: 10089: 8951: 8901: 8323:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion 8176: 7970: 7935: 7646: 7032: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6223: 6127: 6051: 6018: 5868: 5866: 5249: 4858:The Cambridge handbook of consciousness 4826:The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness 4796: 4757: 4473: 4471: 4243: 4078: 4019: 3921: 3777:Jevning, Wallace & Beidebach (1992) 3689: 3655: 3402:, and helping to alleviate stress, and 3328: 3051:, all of which have been shown to have 1981:method of "hisbonenus", related to the 793:Neuroscientist and long-time meditator 311:, meaning to contemplate or meditate. 14: 19059: 13204:Zazen (Zen Buddhist seated meditation) 12763: 12714:This Light in Oneself: True Meditation 12271: 12224: 12215: 11995: 11925:International Journal of Psychotherapy 11729: 11692: 11683: 11530: 11420:Chan-Ob, T; Boonyanaruthee, V (1999). 10745: 10743: 10741: 10566: 10162: 9141:Blackmore, Susan (14 September 2017). 9085: 8960: 8492: 8298: 8286: 8274: 8034:from the original on 22 September 2020 7995: 7855:by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski 2005 7759:"Los Angeles Times, February 8, 2003, 7617: 7466: 7464: 7108: 7096: 7071: 7004: 6967: 6952: 6802: 6759: 6734: 6687: 6587:Zen Buddhism: A History, Vol. 2: Japan 6533: 6521: 6307: 5976: 5634:from the original on 28 September 2019 5054: 5042:The varieties of meditative experience 4906: 4531: 4529: 4053: 3818: 3797:The varieties of meditative experience 2385: 1792: 1292:tradition stresses the development of 956:, a pure consciousness undisturbed by 686: 540:reflective: systematic investigation, 353:Separation of technique from tradition 19077:Concepts in the philosophy of science 17910: 17068: 16618: 14103: 14065: 13527: 13009: 12428: 12416:from the original on 24 December 2017 12280: 12249: 12163: 12135: 11943: 11898:Evidence Report/Technology Assessment 11855: 11361: 11335: 11112: 10761:from the original on 21 November 2016 10348: 10132: 9936:from the original on 20 February 2021 9566: 8995:Perspectives on Psychological Science 8975:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0118-20 8915:Perspectives on Psychological Science 8121: 8088: 8063:from the original on 12 November 2020 7513:from the original on 19 December 2022 7482:from the original on 19 December 2022 7146:Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly, PBS 6827: 6700: 6663: 6557: 6545: 6485: 6473: 6443:from the original on 13 December 2019 6358: 6241: 6232: 6097:from the original on 16 December 2019 6084: 5954:"Chanting Hare Krishna on Japa Beads" 5840: 5525:from the original on 23 February 2020 5291: 4966: 4955:Jevning, Wallace & Beidebach 1992 4734:from the original on 11 February 2007 4399: 4229:Jevning, Wallace & Beidebach 1992 4146: 4071: 3984:mindfulness of in-&-out breathing 3883: 3111:functional magnetic resonance imaging 2480:Mantra meditation, with the use of a 2227:A Christian reflection on the New Age 2089:Between the 10th and 14th centuries, 1026:(forceful yoga) compendiums like the 318:, or other traditions such as Jewish 13553: 12959:from the original on 14 October 2022 12899:The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying 12790:Meditation, Path to the Deepest Self 12404: 12402: 12237:from the original on 13 October 2016 11679:, Birmingham: Windhorse Publications 11592: 11432:(9). Chotmaihet Thangphaet: 925–30. 11208: 10792:from the original on 4 February 2024 10649:from the original on 21 January 2022 10607: 10319: 9482: 8521: 8476:, "Youth: The Hippies" Jul. 7, 1967" 8346:from the original on 14 January 2018 7801:from the original on 25 October 2019 7569:from the original on 22 January 2020 7212:"Judaism, Meditation and The B-Word" 7007:Jewish Meditation: A Practical Guide 6807:. Abhinav Publications. p. 20. 6805:The Prescribed Sikh Prayers (Nitnem) 6419: 6038:10.22201/iie.18703062e.2021.119.2761 5863: 5457:from the original on 27 October 2021 5172: 5012:, 1973; Rosch & Mervin, 1975).". 4717:The healing power of sufi meditation 4543:from the original on 2 February 2019 4468: 4254: 4252: 4166:from the original on 13 October 2018 3972:from the original on 1 February 2021 3608:Mechanisms of mindfulness meditation 3290:) and related difficulties, such as 2980: 2542:Heartfulness Meditation (Sahaj Marg) 1715:or "sitting forgetting" meditation. 1049: 788: 751:revere the wood that comes from the 374:Dictionaries give both the original 13164:Pranayama (yoga breathing practice) 12692:Art of Living: Vipassana Meditation 12120:(the book was republished in 2008: 11535:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11349:from the original on 28 August 2019 10738: 10706: 10661: 10336:from the original on 3 October 2020 9537:Chan-Ob & Boonyanaruthee (1999) 9407: 9367:Lindahl, Fisher & Cooper (2017) 9314: 8503:from the original on 4 January 2011 7461: 7170: 6910:, Columbia University Press, p. 92. 6854:, ed. by Fabrizio Pregadio, p. 118. 6343: 5181:from the original on 16 August 2017 4526: 3539:Transcendental Meditation technique 3526:Relaxation response and biofeedback 3490:A 2010 review of the literature on 3485: 3381:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 2101:. Interactions with Indians or the 1881: 1857: 1321:and Tantric practices, wedded with 1034:as a major form of meditation, and 863: 335:Difficulties in defining meditation 24: 19072:Concepts in the philosophy of mind 17880:Religions and spiritual traditions 14106:Religious groups and denominations 12632:The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 12581: 12534:from the original on 17 March 2023 12467:from the original on 16 April 2017 12381: 12204:from the original on 17 March 2023 12110:from the original on 17 March 2023 11013:from the original on 16 April 2023 10150:from the original on 14 March 2024 9659:by M. Farias and C. Wikholm, 2019 9165:from the original on 17 March 2023 9110:from the original on 17 March 2023 9067:from the original on 17 March 2023 8499:. Dallas, Texas: Word Publishing. 8229:from the original on 17 March 2023 7896:Sainthood and revelatory discourse 7831:from the original on 9 August 2007 7647:Winston, Kimberly (1 March 2008). 7261:Christian Meditation for Beginners 7191:from the original on 17 March 2023 7053:from the original on 17 March 2023 6884:from the original on 17 March 2023 6739:. 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When this happens, one develops 1358:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 814:Man meditating in a garden setting 681: 450: 25: 19128: 12994:to help reach a consensus. › 12973: 12399: 12257:. York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser. 10862:The Journal of Primary Prevention 10623:Journal of Psychosomatic Research 10275:Current Pain and Headache Reports 10016:Journal of Psychosomatic Research 7996:Holmes, David S. (January 1984). 7876:Global Encyclopaedia of Education 7501:kathleenaleteia (28 April 2021). 7152:from the original on 28 July 2019 7033:Scholem, Gershom Gerhard (1961). 6716:from the original on 19 June 2013 5964:from the original on 20 June 2020 5489:. Penguin Books. pp. 86–87. 5238:Gangadharan & Hemamalini 2021 4249: 3385:Mindfulness-based pain management 3182:"Challenging" and adverse effects 2484:and especially with focus on the 1901:or intention. The first layer of 1087:, the highest level of meditation 759:plant, also known as Holy Basil. 481:, to an idea or feeling (such as 431:calm, clarity, and concentration" 19040: 19031: 19030: 18844:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 17986:Democratic Republic of the Congo 13508: 13507: 13122:Henosis (Neoplatonic meditation) 12947:Wenner, Melinda (30 June 2007). 12773:. London: Motilal Banarasidass. 12463:. Cambridge English Dictionary. 12220:, University of California Press 11983:from the original on 3 June 2024 11237:add missing citation information 11213: 11141: 11106: 11070: 11037: 10948: 10904: 10853: 10804: 10773: 10720:. 24 August 2012. Archived from 10635:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.016 10560: 10503: 10262: 10188:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 10042: 10028:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009 9876: 9860: 9847: 9824: 9811: 9785: 9746: 9707: 9688: 9669: 9650: 9601: 9488: 9414:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 9401: 9321:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 9308: 9283: 9226: 9177: 9134: 9079: 9031: 8981: 8857: 8847: 8838: 8812: 8791: 8767: 8758: 8735: 8711: 8701: 8650: 8640: 8631: 8622: 8613: 8604: 8583: 8574: 8550: 8540: 8515: 8486: 8464: 8415: 8358: 8328: 8316: 8190:from the original on 6 July 2008 8148: 7989: 7975:. Universal Unity. p. 536. 7964: 7929: 7889: 7813: 7787: 7751: 7729: 7709: 7689: 7669: 7599:from the original on 6 July 2017 7581: 7551: 7525: 7494: 7437: 7417: 7397: 7377: 7357: 7334: 7314: 7294: 7274: 7254: 7234: 7222:from the original on 10 May 2018 7210:Michaelson, Jay (10 June 2005). 7203: 7164: 7134: 7114: 7077: 7036:Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism 7026: 7013: 6946: 6913: 6896: 6844: 6821: 6796: 6753: 6728: 6693: 6645: 6633: 6621:from the original on 26 May 2021 6603: 6578: 6563: 6289:from the original on 27 May 2023 6130:Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5986:Vishnu Devananda, Swami (1995). 4811:10.1111/j.1467-9647.2005.00249.x 4672:from the original on 8 July 2018 4480:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 4436:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 4387:from the original on 4 July 2018 4127: 3849:." See also D. Wujastyk (2018), 3333: 2571: 2406:Modern dissemination in the West 2344:of certain Sufi orders practice 912:. In pre-modern and traditional 647:, or while lying down, known as 101: 92: 83: 72: 63: 54: 17451:Evolutionary origin of religion 12565:from the original on 8 May 2018 12453: 11867:On the psychology of meditation 9884:Zen Buddhism and psychoanalysis 9837:An Introduction to Zen Buddhism 8879:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 8209:Gustave Reininger, ed. (1997). 7087:, San Francisco, HarperCollins. 6904:Original Tao: Inward Training ( 6379: 6352: 6337: 6313: 6271: 6216: 6207: 6156: 6121: 6078: 6054:Plants of life, plants of death 6045: 6012: 5946: 5920: 5886: 5828:from the original on 2 May 2018 5810: 5780: 5729: 5697: 5646: 5602: 5537: 5511: 5469: 5345: 5333:from the original on 8 May 2018 5300:from the original on 8 May 2018 5285: 5273:from the original on 8 May 2018 5255: 5200: 5166: 5127: 5034: 5015: 4960: 4707: 4684: 4575: 4555: 4515:1773, London, by Nathan Bailey 4506: 4369: 4343: 4291: 4106: 4086: 4061: 3989: 3902: 3864: 3811: 3802: 3761: 3724: 3703: 3593:Four foundations of mindfulness 3073:negative or irrational thinking 3004:, relaxation, mindfulness, and 2488:, is a central practice of the 2351: 2217:Aspects of Christian meditation 2093:was developed, particularly on 2016: 1589:The Secret of the Golden Flower 860:) within oneself" (BU 4.4.23). 276:was used for the same purpose. 262:tradition, the use of the term 17802:Separation of church and state 16460:Polytheistic reconstructionism 13189:Transcendental meditation (TM) 13035: 12737:American Journal of Psychiatry 12675:. New Harbinger Publications. 12060:American Journal of Psychiatry 11486:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 11150:"Meditation and neurofeedback" 11115:Journal of Religion and Health 10780:Richtel, Matt (5 April 2019). 10585:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040501 10573:American Journal of Psychiatry 10479:10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4 9608:Farias, M; Wikholm, C (2016). 9047:Asian Traditions of Meditation 7795:"Vatican sounds New Age alert" 7748:(in English), 15 October 1989] 7241:The Rosary: A Path Into Prayer 7039:. Schocken Books. p. 34. 6699:See, for instance, AN 2.30 in 6641:The Buddhist Path to Awakening 6163:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (1982). 6052:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998). 5898:. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae. 5742:Behavioral and Brain Functions 5191:Single-pointed concentration ( 5040:worldcat.org: Daniel Goleman, 5021:worldcat.org: Daniel Goleman, 4799:Teaching Theology and Religion 4654:"Yoga and Meditation (Dhyana)" 4588:Journal of Religion and Health 4259:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (1982). 4095:writes that, in regard to the 4070:from the Theravada tradition, 3573:Altered state of consciousness 3475:post-traumatic stress disorder 3315: 3132:activity (associated with the 3101:Research on the processes and 2162:In Catholic Christianity, the 1100:has three elements called the 479:paying attention to the breath 329: 270:, before which the Greek word 13: 1: 15438:Traditional Sabahan religions 13212:(tai chi standing meditation) 13194:Vipassanā (Silent meditation) 13152:Naam Japo (Sikism meditation) 13061:Meditation in popular culture 13051:Brain activity and meditation 12979: 12443:Oxford Dictionaries – English 11652:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80210-6 10817:Educational Psychology Review 10569:"Mindfulness in the Military" 9408:Lee, Sing (1 December 1996). 9315:Lee, Sing (1 December 1996). 7898:by David Emmanuel Singh 2003 6919:Mair, Victor H., tr. (1994), 6386:Holdrege, Barbara A. (2015). 6279:"Human Development: Kaivalya" 5609:Mindfulness#Meditation method 5006:'prototype' model of concepts 4182: 3654:An influential definition by 3140:(seen in waking activity) or 2797:List of magical organizations 2421:World Parliament of Religions 1709:(c. 3rd century BCE) records 1687:essay (late 4th century BCE) 1573:Centering the Mind 中心圖, 1615 420:'prototype' model of concepts 14091: 13146: 13112:Dhyāna (Buddhist meditation) 12613:Mindfulness Bliss and Beyond 12367:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001656 12032:10.1371/journal.pone.0216643 11953:Salguero, C. Pierce (2023). 11860:, University of Hawaii Press 11781:10.1371/journal.pone.0176239 11554:. New York: Harper Collins. 11044:Patricia Carrington (1977). 10110:10.3109/10826084.2013.770027 9982:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110 9873:(Shambhala 1993), pp. 18-21. 9513:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001656 9294:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 9045:. In Eifring, Halvor (ed.). 8183:Directives from The Guardian 8154:Hatcher, William S. (1982). 6359:White, David Gordon (2014). 5892:For a general overview, see 5873:The everything Buddhism book 5435:10.1016/j.concog.2010.01.007 5067:Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4834:10.1017/CBO9780511816789.020 3779:, are cited >80 times in 3696:; Appendix B, pp. 279–82 in 3513: 3260:. Classical sources mention 2453:toured in 1907 teaching Zen. 1329:the notions or practices of 1147:The meditation technique of 775:was an integral part of the 656: 575: 227: 7: 17660:National religiosity levels 16885:Nauruan Indigenous religion 16440:Hellenism (modern religion) 13142:Muraqabah (Sufi meditation) 11533:The foundations of Buddhism 11397:10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180 11378:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 10961:Nurse Education in Practice 9290:Maciocia, Giovanni (2009). 9092:. West Lafayette, Indiana: 9051:University of Hawaiʻi Press 9043:"The Science of Meditation" 8157:The Concept of Spirituality 7809:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 7698:by Edmund P. Clowney, 1979 7678:by Edmund P. Clowney, 1979 7282:Philosophy as a way of life 6955:Jewish Mystical Testimonies 6249:An Introduction to Hinduism 6085:Foulk, T. Griffith (1998). 6019:Arimura, R (October 2021). 5423:Consciousness and Cognition 4919:Naranjo & Ornstein 1972 4770:Naranjo & Ornstein 1972 3955: 3565: 3366: 3359:(1900–1980) later explored 1755:("life-energy exercises"), 1385:mindfulness based therapies 1345:("observing the mind") and 1180: 868: 713:, as well as those used in 537:receptive: open monitoring; 434:Cahn & Polich (2006): " 32:Meditation (disambiguation) 10: 19133: 17069: 12644:10.1177/070674378903400705 12326:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.227 12138:Philosophy East & West 11962:Journal of Buddhist Ethics 11599:Case Reports in Psychiatry 11550:Goldstein, Joseph (2003). 11526:, Elsevier Health Sciences 11204: 10973:10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103533 10874:10.1007/s10935-019-00552-5 10670:Journal of Business Ethics 10418:Clinical Psychology Review 10098:Substance Use & Misuse 9259:10.1038/s41598-018-20299-z 8428:Preventing Chronic Disease 8258:, which teaches Christian 7973:Quran: The Final Testament 7426:by Gervase Holdaway, 2008 7171:Lew, Alan (31 July 2007). 7021:Jewish Spiritual Practices 7009:. New York Schocken Books. 6852:The Encyclopedia of Taoism 6585:Heinrich Dumoulin (2005). 6570:Heinrich Dumoulin (2005). 5402:Matko & Sedlmeier 2019 5213:meditation-research.org.uk 5079:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005 5004:, 1968) or by the related 4564:by Gervase Holdaway, 2008 3838:and even more so from the 3769:Walsh & Shapiro (2006) 3441:American Heart Association 3370: 3337: 3185: 3130:sympathetic nervous system 3094: 3090: 2984: 2547: 2318:in Sufism literally means 2259: 2253: 2032: 1801: 1797: 1775:circulation in qigong and 1767:("internal alchemy"), and 1562: 1524: 1520: 1198: 1090: 1070: 878: 872: 820: 631:in Hinduism, Buddhism and 596: 580: 36: 29: 19026: 18945: 18862: 18734: 18479: 18204: 17921: 17917: 17906: 17815: 17740: 17516: 17424: 17361: 17079: 17075: 17064: 16627: 16614: 16539: 16362: 16344:Transcendental Meditation 16237: 16224: 16189: 15937: 15914: 15903: 15830: 15793: 15517: 15413: 15395: 15339: 15330: 15247: 15175: 15026: 15017: 14975: 14947: 14905: 14838: 14829: 14820: 14786: 14753: 14725: 14716: 14666: 14533: 14220: 14134: 14125: 14116: 14112: 14099: 13904: 13728: 13645: 13609: 13561: 13503: 13487: 13469: 13368: 13225: 13117:Dhyāna (Hindu meditation) 13079: 13043: 12589:Austin, James H. (1999). 12300:10.4312/as.2016.4.2.59-83 12281:Vörös, Sebastjan (2016). 12164:Sharf, Robert H. (2015), 11937:10.1080/13569080050020263 11702:Kapleau, Phillip (1989). 11517:. Shambhala Publications. 11032:Benson & Klipper 2000 10926:10.1007/s12671-012-0191-5 10830:10.1007/s10648-014-9258-2 10692:10.1007/s10551-009-0251-5 10528:10.1007/s12671-015-0453-0 10430:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.004 10287:10.1007/s11916-019-0750-8 10067:10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.012 9771:10.1177/09567976211015184 9202:10.1007/s12671-017-0841-8 9129:Benson & Klipper 2000 6415:. Aadarsh Saahitya Sangh. 6348:. Deep Yoga. p. 170. 6224:Collins, Randall (2000). 6142:10.1017/S0959774307000054 5366:10.1007/s12671-016-0570-4 5134:Easwaran, Eknath (2018). 4693:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony 4600:10.1007/s10943-016-0211-1 3783:. Number of citations in 3736:Transcendental Meditation 3305: 3297: 3209: 3198:for what is diagnosed as 2526:Transcendental Meditation 1751:("guiding and pulling"), 1558: 1390: 1083:attaining omniscience in 1067:in the Bhagavata Purana. 663:Transcendental Meditation 617:), cross-legged sitting, 606:or body postures such as 519:Other possible typologies 499:transcendental meditation 487:– loving-kindness), to a 17971:Central African Republic 14985:Vietnamese folk religion 14376:Charismatic Christianity 13710:Transpersonal psychology 13663:Human Potential Movement 12992:templates for discussion 12593:. Cambridge: MIT Press. 12410:"Definition of meditate" 12272:Vetter, Tilmann (1988), 12182:10.1177/1363461514557561 12170:Transcultural Psychiatry 11996:Schaik, Sam van (2018), 11944:Polak, Grzegorz (2011), 11831:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02276 11824:(Sec. Cognition): 2276, 11686:Meditation and the Bible 11275:Aguirre, Blaise (2018), 11167:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00688 9830:C. G. Jung, "Forward to 9626:10.1192/pb.bp.116.053686 9007:10.1177/1745691617727529 8963:Scientific American Mind 8927:10.1177/1745691617709589 8311:Everly & Lating 2002 8017:10.1037/0003-066X.39.1.1 7971:Khalifa, Rashad (2001). 7950:10.1177/0533316489224010 6902:Roth, Harold D. (1999), 6774:10.1177/0038022919876403 6703:, pp. 267–68), and 6324:The Yogi and the Mystic. 6116:Everly & Lating 2002 5852:by Stephen J. Binz 2005 5671:10.1177/0098628320901386 5118:concentrative meditation 4931:Walsh & Shapiro 2006 4492:10.1177/0022167815594556 4313:10.1177/1745691611419671 4199:Walsh & Shapiro 2006 4077:from the Zen tradition, 3773:Cahn & Polich (2006) 3639: 3463:irritable bowel syndrome 3373:Mindfulness applications 3252:, a practical manual on 3193:Contemplative traditions 3134:fight-or-flight response 2492:faith tradition and the 2486:Hare Krishna maha-mantra 2356:In the teachings of the 2241: 2105:may have influenced the 1761:("internal exercises"), 1046:and Vedanta Philosophy. 853:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 562:Mindfulness of breathing 477:Focused methods include 467:concentrative meditation 456:Focused and open methods 418:' ... or by the related 37:Not to be confused with 19087:Mind–body interventions 17865:New religious movements 17503:Theories about religion 17456:Evolutionary psychology 16485:Modern Finnish paganism 14452:Independent Catholicism 14041:Psychological astrology 13066:Mind–body interventions 12838:10.1073/pnas.0407401101 12524:"Dangers of Meditation" 12491:unknown (26 May 2017). 12000:, Yale University Press 11739:. Motilal Banarsidass. 11697:. Maine: Samuel Weiser. 11695:Meditation and Kabbalah 11688:. Maine: Samuel Weiser. 11531:Gethin, Rupert (1998). 11362:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2005), 11286:The Relaxation Response 11154:Frontiers in Psychology 11127:10.1023/a:1012542524848 10755:Harvard Business Review 10567:Brewer, Judson (2014). 10238:10.1161/JAHA.117.002218 9396:Schlosser et al. (2019) 9149:Oxford University Press 9094:Purdue University Press 9086:Barušs, Imants (1996). 8493:Barnia, George (1996). 8215:. New York: Continuum. 7323:by Emilie Griffin 2005 7303:by F. Antonisamy, 2000 7122:"The Practice of Musar" 6828:Singh, Nirbhai (1990). 6803:Duggal, Kartar (1980). 6735:Sharma, Suresh (2004). 6437:Introduction To Jainism 5850:Mysteries of the Rosary 5519:"Meditation (savasana)" 4701:Oxford University Press 4046:) or "concentrations" ( 3738:, relaxation response, 3548:The Relaxation Response 3449:cardiovascular diseases 3079:, as well as improving 3037:receptive music therapy 2998:receptive music therapy 2498:New Religious Movements 1365:on Asian Buddhism, and 1232:cemetery contemplations 999:), and breath control ( 554:, or calm abiding, and 303:, which comes from the 27:Practice of mindfulness 18514:Bosnia and Herzegovina 16500:Erzyan native religion 16349:Unitarian Universalism 15728:Native American Church 14496:Oneness Pentecostalism 13949:Creative visualization 13589:Progressive electronic 13071:Research on meditation 12788:Levin, Michal (2002). 12718:Shambhala Publications 12690:Hart, William (1987). 12615:. Simon and Schuster. 12553:Miguel Farias (2015). 12461:"meditation – Meaning" 11807:Lusthaus, Dan (2018), 11471:Epstein, Mark (1995). 11385:Psychological Bulletin 10330:"Meditation: In depth" 10176:JAMA Internal Medicine 8249:Contemplative Outreach 6923:, Bantam Books, p. 64. 6690:, pp. xxi–xxxvii. 5988:Meditation and mantras 5929:"What Are Mala Beads?" 5755:10.1186/1744-9081-6-47 5659:Teaching of Psychology 5544:Ng, Teng-Kuan (2018). 5122:mindfulness meditation 4943:Cahn & Polich 2006 4424:JAMA Internal Medicine 4377:"Meditation: In Depth" 4214:Cahn & Polich 2006 3853:, in: P. Maas et al., 3623:Psychology of religion 3535:Harvard Medical School 3242: 3115:electroencephalography 2469: 2455: 2402: 2270:Dhikr § Sufi view 2251: 2030: 1890:rehearse in one's mind 1848:words for meditation: 1816:is described as going 1678:仙/仚/僊, "immortality". 1592: 1579: 1341:, "nonthinking"); and 1196: 1126:is meditation proper. 1088: 995:), physical postures ( 905: 817: 786: 763:Striking the meditator 719:Hare Krishna tradition 627:positions are popular 594: 475: 471:mindfulness meditation 424: 370:Dictionary definitions 147:, and social reformer 19082:History of psychology 18834:Saint Kitts and Nevis 18131:São Tomé and Príncipe 17991:Republic of the Congo 16197:Aboriginal Australian 14848:Chinese folk religion 13841:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 13238:Brainwave entrainment 13056:History of meditation 12559:www.independent.co.uk 12449:on 26 September 2016. 12314:American Psychologist 12216:Suzuki, D.T. (2014), 12150:10.1353/pew.2014.0074 12072:10.1176/ajp.139.3.267 11578:. New York: Tarcher. 11092:10.1089/acm.2009.0113 11048:Freedom in meditation 9902:American Psychologist 9759:Psychological Science 8122:Smith, Peter (2000). 8089:Smith, Peter (2000). 8005:American Psychologist 7918:by Akbar Husain 2006 7563:www.theholyrosary.org 7148:. 15 September 2006. 6762:Sociological Bulletin 6433:"Yoga and Meditation" 5960:. 29 September 2019. 5173:lywa (2 April 2015). 4890:"John Dunne's speech" 4133:These definitions of 3934:Maha-Rahulovada Sutta 3613:Mushin (mental state) 3237: 3103:effects of meditation 3097:Effects of meditation 2985:Further information: 2693:Esoteric transmission 2460: 2417: 2393: 2304:, "concentration" in 2249: 2185:Anglican prayer beads 2152:in the 16th century. 2024: 1733:Japanese martial arts 1651:Buddhist practice of 1585: 1572: 1416:Samatha and vipassana 1188: 1078: 1042:, which makes use of 1030:, the development of 952:, the Self is called 946:dualistic Yoga school 888: 812: 805:Meditation traditions 781: 747:, while followers of 727:Buddhist prayer beads 676:the hours before dawn 588: 463: 405: 387:Scholarly definitions 210:effects of meditation 19097:Personal development 18456:United Arab Emirates 17247:Religious experience 16621:Historical religions 15005:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 14337:Schwenkfelder Church 13984:Higher consciousness 13924:Alternative medicine 13278:Higher consciousness 13097:Christian meditation 12765:Larson, Gerald James 12522:Itai Ivtzan (2016). 12096:. New York: Aldine. 11856:McRae, John (1986), 11731:Larson, Gerald James 11675:Kamalashila (2003), 11612:10.1155/2022/2661824 11593:Goud, S. S. (2022). 11372:Bronkhorst, Johannes 11366:, Simon and Schuster 11329:Ospina et al. (2007) 11224:needs more complete 9697:by R. Purser, 2019 9678:by T. Joiner, 2017 9552:Farias et al. (2020) 9466:Farias et al. (2020) 8440:10.5888/pcd14.160034 8342:. 11 November 2014. 7916:Spiritual Psychology 7696:Christian Meditation 7676:Christian Meditation 7386:by George Lane 2005 7354:on 11 February 2014. 7350:29 July 2010 at the 7120:Claussen, Geoffrey. 6982:by Mark Verman 1997 6935:by Mark Verman 1997 6510:Lai & Cheng 2008 6283:encyclopedia.uia.org 6041:– via Redalyc. 4967:Rappe, Sara (2000). 4896:on 20 November 2012. 4876:3 March 2012 at the 4828:. pp. 499–552. 3924:, p. 105); and 3698:Ospina et al. (2007) 3473:in the elderly, and 3329:Secular applications 2510:Divine Light Mission 2433:Anagarika Dharmapala 2399:Alexej von Jawlensky 2320:reflection upon the 2040:Christian meditation 2035:Christian meditation 1729:Chinese martial arts 1619:Chinese martial arts 1367:western lay interest 1028:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 347:scientific community 19102:Religious practices 18849:Trinidad and Tobago 18744:Antigua and Barbuda 17912:Religion by country 16973:Cult of Magna Mater 15475:Philippine Dayawism 15056:Nimbarka Sampradaya 14804:Chinese Manichaeism 14476:Jehovah's Witnesses 14281:Proto-Protestantism 14036:Religious pluralism 13939:Bicameral mentality 13896:Marianne Williamson 13881:Neale Donald Walsch 13720:Western esotericism 13632:Findhorn Foundation 13569:New Age communities 13495:Meditation and pain 13258:Conscious breathing 13092:Buddhist meditation 12924:. New York: Wiley. 12829:2004PNAS..10116369L 12823:(46): 16369–16373. 12749:10.1176/ajp.142.1.1 12710:Krishnamurti, Jiddu 12086:Shapiro, Deane H.; 12023:2019PLoSO..1416643S 11772:2017PLoSO..1276239L 11693:Kaplan, A. (1982). 11684:Kaplan, A. (1978). 10726:on 10 December 2022 10714:"The mind business" 10373:2014NYASA1307...89G 9973:2014PLoSO...996110S 9732:10.1037/pspa0000298 9251:2018NatSR...8.2403K 8522:Lash, John (1990). 8383:2016NatSR...636760C 7797:. 4 February 2003. 7593:www.loyolapress.com 7366:by John Binns 2002 7321:Simple Ways to Pray 7019:Buxbaum, Y. (1990) 7005:Kaplan, A. (1985). 6953:Jacobs, L. (1976). 6344:Ram, Bhava (2009). 5875:by Jacky Sach 2003 5792:www.giri.dhamma.org 4998:family resemblances 4201:, pp. 228–229. 3948:(in Pali, based on 3795:and 16 editions as 3628:Sensory deprivation 3391:clinical psychology 3361:spiritual practices 3340:Analytic psychology 2968:, when many of the 2860:Hermes Trismegistus 2733:Ritual purification 2593:Eastern esotericism 2588:Western esotericism 2502:Ramakrishna Mission 2463:Madison Square Park 2386:Modern spirituality 2052:Philo of Alexandria 1793:Abrahamic religions 1719:asked his disciple 1269:Buddhist traditions 1201:Buddhist meditation 830:, are found in the 773:encouragement stick 715:Gaudiya Vaishnavism 687:Use of prayer beads 629:meditative postures 599:Meditative postures 416:family resemblances 285:spiritual practices 224:) and other areas. 176:) are found in the 19107:Spiritual practice 18784:Dominican Republic 17830:Abrahamic prophets 16924:Proto-Indo-Iranian 15448:Aliran Kepercayaan 14651:Non-denominational 14573:Modernist Salafism 14259:Oriental Orthodoxy 14046:Sun sign astrology 13637:New World Alliance 13601:New Age travellers 13375:Focused attention 13147:New Age meditation 13127:Islamic meditation 12794:Dorling Kindersley 12694:. Harper Collins. 12382:Yu, Jimmy (2021), 12251:Thera, Nyanaponika 11498:10.1111/acps.13225 11325:Bond et al. (2009) 10786:The New York Times 10381:10.1111/nyas.12348 9426:10.1007/BF00117087 9333:10.1007/BF00117087 9239:Scientific Reports 8371:Scientific Reports 8254:2011-11-03 at the 8162:2021-04-15 at the 7741:2010-05-02 at the 7649:Bead One, Pray Too 7476:www.vaticannews.va 7243:by Liz Kelly 2004 7127:2013-09-02 at the 7083:Matt, D.C. (1996) 6706:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 6166:Classical Hinduism 6118:, p. 199–202. 5563:10.3390/rel9070200 5521:. 14 August 2017. 5047:2018-09-06 at the 5028:2018-09-06 at the 4262:Classical Hinduism 4156:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 4149:, pp. 269–70, 440 4114:Kamalashila (2003) 4097:Satipatthana Sutta 4032:wandering ascetics 3998:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 3995:See, for example, 3962:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 3897:Kamalashila (2003) 3682:Ospina et al. 2007 3677:Bond et al. (2009) 3618:Narrative identity 3578:Autogenic training 3174:Scientific Reports 3071:, episodic anger, 3061:asthmatic episodes 3014:popular psychology 2750:Esoteric societies 2530:Oneness University 2470: 2403: 2300:takes the form of 2252: 2250:Whirling dervishes 2175:denomination, the 2155:On 28 April 2021, 2146:Ignatius of Loyola 2031: 2027:Pio of Pietrelcina 1975:Nachman of Breslav 1916:5:1). Other early 1840:meditated. In the 1735:), especially the 1593: 1580: 1375:Vipassana movement 1363:Buddhist modernism 1304:Satipatthana Sutta 1278:Satipatthana Sutta 1197: 1089: 906: 903:Patanjali Yogpeeth 818: 697:Christian rosaries 595: 19092:New Age practices 19054: 19053: 19022: 19021: 19018: 19017: 18006:Equatorial Guinea 17902: 17901: 17898: 17897: 17441:Cognitive science 17060: 17059: 16993:Mysteries of Isis 16767:Frankish paganism 16610: 16609: 16606: 16605: 16602: 16601: 16354:White Brotherhood 16220: 16219: 16185: 16184: 15509:Sundanese Wiwitan 15326: 15325: 15322: 15321: 15051:Brahma Sampradaya 15013: 15012: 14816: 14815: 14812: 14811: 14794:Assianism/Uatsdin 14712: 14711: 14481:British Israelism 14467:Nontrinitarianism 14430:Plymouth Brethren 14425:Nondenominational 14359:Congregationalism 14247:Eastern Orthodoxy 14195:Reconstructionist 14059: 14058: 14031:Quantum mysticism 14011:Michael Teachings 13994:Law of attraction 13658:Hippie subculture 13521: 13520: 13459:Stephen Batchelor 13454:Martine Batchelor 13400:Multiple methods 13273:Guided meditation 13137:Jewish meditation 13102:Taoist meditation 12931:978-0-471-84560-7 12902:. HarperCollins. 12803:978-0-7894-8333-1 12701:978-0-06-063724-8 12682:978-1-57224-695-9 12622:978-0-86171-275-5 12503:on 3 January 2021 12126:978-0-202-36244-1 12103:978-0-202-25136-3 11998:The spirit of Zen 11876:978-0-670-52506-5 11746:978-81-208-3349-4 11585:978-0-87477-833-5 11332: 11265: 11264: 11257: 11063:978-0-385-11392-2 9867:V. Walter Odajnyk 9765:(11): 1699–1708. 9665:978-1-78028-718-8 9158:978-0-19-879473-8 9131:, pp. 66–72. 9103:978-1-55753-084-4 9060:978-0-8248-7667-8 8533:978-0-517-57797-4 8391:10.1038/srep36760 8247:The organization 8222:978-0-8264-1041-2 8141:978-1-85168-184-6 8108:978-1-85168-184-6 7982:978-1-881893-05-9 7884:978-81-8220-227-6 7853:Prayer: a history 7768:Los Angeles Times 7662:978-0-8192-2092-9 7653:Church Publishing 7633:978-0-429-53486-7 7559:"The Holy Rosary" 7478:. 28 April 2021. 7184:978-0-316-02591-1 7177:. Little, Brown. 7046:978-0-8052-1042-2 6988:978-1-56821-522-8 6941:978-1-56821-522-8 6877:978-0-521-47030-8 6814:978-81-7017-377-9 6746:978-81-7099-961-4 6536:, p. 70, 93. 6397:978-0-415-67070-8 6332:978-0-7007-0272-5 6264:978-0-521-43878-0 6176:978-88-7652-482-0 5905:978-1-887752-95-4 5881:978-1-58062-884-6 5496:978-0-241-25304-5 5327:ggia.berkeley.edu 5147:978-1-58638-019-9 5140:. Nilgiri Press. 4980:978-0-521-65158-5 4843:978-0-511-81678-9 4727:978-1-930409-26-2 4650:Feuerstein, Georg 4272:978-88-7652-482-0 4028:Pāli Text Society 3872:Kamalashila (2003 3471:cognitive decline 3453:clinical research 3389:Since the 1970s, 3105:is a subfield of 2981:Guided meditation 2943: 2942: 2676:Astral projection 2633:Mystical theology 2490:Gaudiya Vaishnava 2425:Swami Vivekananda 2380:Nineteen Day Fast 2196:Edmund P. Clowney 2113:Western Christian 2107:Eastern Christian 2086:in Christianity. 1804:Jewish meditation 1565:Taoist meditation 1315:Tibetan tradition 1265:breath meditation 1175:sansathan vichāya 1137:one focuses on a 1050:Mantra Meditation 789:Using a narrative 287:, referred to as 116:Swami Vivekananda 16:(Redirected from 19124: 19044: 19034: 19033: 18912:Papua New Guinea 18887:Marshall Islands 18714:Northern Ireland 17919: 17918: 17908: 17907: 17792:Secular theology 17787:Secular humanism 17077: 17076: 17066: 17065: 16941:Ancestral Pueblo 16616: 16615: 16235: 16234: 15912: 15911: 15337: 15336: 15093:Shaiva Siddhanta 15024: 15023: 14957:Korean shamanism 14836: 14835: 14827: 14826: 14723: 14722: 14636:Mahdawi movement 14506:Swedenborgianism 14486:Christadelphians 14132: 14131: 14123: 14122: 14114: 14113: 14101: 14100: 14086: 14079: 14072: 14063: 14062: 14051:Yoga as exercise 13836:Shirley MacLaine 13831:Max Freedom Long 13786:Marilyn Ferguson 13766:Carlos Castaneda 13622:Esalen Institute 13555:New Age movement 13548: 13541: 13534: 13525: 13524: 13511: 13510: 13419:Joseph Goldstein 13030: 13023: 13016: 13007: 13006: 12968: 12966: 12964: 12943: 12918:Tart, Charles T. 12913: 12889: 12860: 12850: 12840: 12807: 12784: 12760: 12731: 12705: 12686: 12674: 12663: 12626: 12604: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12570: 12550: 12544: 12543: 12541: 12539: 12528:Psychology Today 12519: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12499:. Archived from 12488: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12445:. Archived from 12435: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12406: 12387: 12378: 12345: 12304: 12302: 12277: 12268: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12221: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12160: 12119: 12117: 12115: 12083: 12054: 12044: 12034: 12001: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11982: 11959: 11949: 11940: 11919: 11909: 11888: 11861: 11852: 11843: 11833: 11812: 11803: 11793: 11783: 11750: 11726: 11717: 11698: 11689: 11680: 11671: 11634: 11624: 11614: 11589: 11565: 11546: 11527: 11518: 11509: 11476: 11467: 11449: 11416: 11379: 11367: 11358: 11356: 11354: 11322: 11321: 11318:10.1037/a0015736 11299: 11280: 11260: 11253: 11249: 11246: 11240: 11217: 11216: 11209: 11198: 11197: 11187: 11169: 11145: 11139: 11138: 11110: 11104: 11103: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11051: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11018: 10984: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10832: 10808: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10777: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10747: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10725: 10710: 10704: 10703: 10685: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10614: 10605: 10604: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10547: 10507: 10501: 10500: 10490: 10473:(12): CD003388. 10458: 10452: 10451: 10441: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10392: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10326: 10317: 10316: 10306: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10249: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10199: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10011: 10005: 10004: 9994: 9984: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9914:10.1037/a0039460 9893: 9887: 9880: 9874: 9864: 9858: 9851: 9845: 9828: 9822: 9815: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9711: 9705: 9692: 9686: 9673: 9667: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9637: 9614:BJPsych Bulletin 9605: 9599: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9570: 9564: 9555: 9549: 9540: 9534: 9525: 9524: 9492: 9486: 9480: 9469: 9463: 9446: 9445: 9405: 9399: 9393: 9370: 9364: 9353: 9352: 9312: 9306: 9305: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9270: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9213: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9138: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9035: 9029: 9028: 9018: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8958: 8949: 8948: 8938: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8865:practitioners". 8861: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8842: 8836: 8816: 8810: 8795: 8789: 8771: 8765: 8762: 8756: 8739: 8733: 8715: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8654: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8635: 8629: 8626: 8620: 8617: 8611: 8608: 8602: 8599: 8590: 8587: 8581: 8578: 8572: 8554: 8548: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8490: 8484: 8483: 8478:. Archived from 8468: 8462: 8461: 8451: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8402: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8278: 8272: 8263: 8260:Centering Prayer 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8174: 8168: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8086: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8053: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8002: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7933: 7927: 7913: 7907: 7893: 7887: 7873: 7864: 7850: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7771:. Archived from 7755: 7749: 7733: 7727: 7713: 7707: 7693: 7687: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7535:. Archived from 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7468: 7459: 7441: 7435: 7421: 7415: 7401: 7395: 7381: 7375: 7361: 7355: 7338: 7332: 7318: 7312: 7298: 7292: 7278: 7272: 7258: 7252: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7142:"Rabbi Alan Lew" 7138: 7132: 7118: 7112: 7111:, op cit, p. 13. 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7030: 7024: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7002: 6991: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6950: 6944: 6930: 6924: 6917: 6911: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6861: 6855: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6835: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6617:. 5 March 2021. 6607: 6601: 6600: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6501: 6495: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6428: 6417: 6416: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6341: 6335: 6317: 6311: 6310:, p. 43-45. 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6252: 6239: 6230: 6229: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6031:(119): 209–247. 6016: 6010: 6009: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5890: 5884: 5870: 5861: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5794:. Archived from 5784: 5778: 5777: 5767: 5757: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5630:. 27 July 2016. 5620: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5477:Mallinson, James 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5429:(4): 1110–1118. 5414: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5360:(5): 1243–1245. 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5259: 5253: 5252:, p. 18-20. 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5188: 5186: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5131: 5125: 5114:Bond et al. 2009 5111: 5105: 5104: 5090: 5058: 5052: 5038: 5032: 5019: 5013: 4994:Bond et al. 2009 4991: 4985: 4984: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4892:. Archived from 4886: 4880: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4794: 4788: 4785:Bond et al. 2009 4782: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4579: 4573: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4533: 4524: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4455: 4414: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4256: 4247: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4217: 4211: 4202: 4196: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4153:. 13). See also 4131: 4125: 4110: 4104: 4093:Goldstein (2003) 4090: 4084: 4065: 4059: 4038:"meditations" ( 4017: 4015: 4013: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3958: 3906: 3900: 3882:aim." Likewise, 3868: 3862: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3765: 3759: 3756:Bond et al. 2009 3752:Delphi technique 3748:Bond et al. 2009 3728: 3722: 3707: 3701: 3694:Bond et al. 2009 3674: 3663: 3652: 3543:Tibetan Buddhism 3486:In the workplace 3307: 3299: 3274:: 禪病; 3266:, Zen sickness ( 3211: 3033:meditation music 2994:meditation music 2970:youth of the day 2935: 2928: 2921: 2575: 2552: 2551: 2514:Chinmaya Mission 2365:Baháʼí teachings 2177:Wreath of Christ 2173:Eastern Orthodox 2070:scene involving 2011:Jewish Buddhists 1883: 1859: 1844:, there are two 1812:, the patriarch 1615:Chinese medicine 1611:Chinese Buddhism 1473:Tibetan Buddhism 1337:(非思量, Japanese: 1135:padāstha dhyāna, 1056:Bhagavata Purana 1040:Yoga Yajnavalkya 875:Hindu meditation 864:Indian religions 846:). According to 795:Richard Davidson 667:Richard Davidson 236:is derived from 131:Baduanjin qigong 105: 96: 87: 76: 67: 58: 21: 19132: 19131: 19127: 19126: 19125: 19123: 19122: 19121: 19057: 19056: 19055: 19050: 19014: 18941: 18922:Solomon Islands 18858: 18730: 18634:North Macedonia 18475: 18200: 17913: 17894: 17855:Mass gatherings 17823: 17818: 17811: 17750: 17745: 17736: 17675:Religiocentrism 17655:National church 17523: 17520: 17512: 17427: 17420: 17357: 17279:Bodies of water 17071: 17056: 16841:Jamaican Maroon 16623: 16598: 16535: 16365: 16358: 16229: 16227: 16216: 16181: 16155:Trinidad Orisha 15940: 15933: 15906: 15899: 15826: 15789: 15765:Washat Dreamers 15520: 15513: 15409: 15391: 15318: 15292:Srilankan Vedda 15243: 15171: 15046:Sri Vaishnavism 15009: 14971: 14943: 14901: 14808: 14782: 14749: 14708: 14662: 14587:Twelver Shi'ism 14529: 14391:Neo-charismatic 14364:Presbyterianism 14216: 14108: 14095: 14090: 14060: 14055: 13989:Indigo children 13964:Earth mysteries 13954:Crystal healing 13919:Age of Aquarius 13914:2012 phenomenon 13900: 13846:Claudio Naranjo 13724: 13673:Integral theory 13641: 13605: 13557: 13552: 13522: 13517: 13499: 13483: 13465: 13449:Thubten Chodron 13439:Sharon Salzberg 13434:Matthieu Ricard 13429:14th Dalai Lama 13385:Open awareness 13379:Thich Nhat Hanh 13364: 13221: 13132:Jain meditation 13107:Dancemeditation 13075: 13039: 13034: 12995: 12976: 12971: 12962: 12960: 12953:LiveScience.com 12946: 12932: 12916: 12910: 12894:Sogyal Rinpoche 12892: 12863: 12810: 12804: 12787: 12781: 12734: 12728: 12708: 12702: 12689: 12683: 12666: 12629: 12623: 12607: 12601: 12588: 12584: 12582:Further reading 12579: 12578: 12568: 12566: 12551: 12547: 12537: 12535: 12520: 12516: 12506: 12504: 12489: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12459: 12458: 12454: 12437: 12436: 12429: 12419: 12417: 12408: 12407: 12400: 12390: 12265: 12240: 12238: 12207: 12205: 12113: 12111: 12104: 12088:Walsh, Roger N. 12085: 12017:(5): e0216643. 11986: 11984: 11980: 11957: 11877: 11818:Front. Psychol. 11766:(5): e0176239. 11747: 11714: 11586: 11570:Goleman, Daniel 11562: 11543: 11465: 11352: 11350: 11296: 11268:Printed sources 11261: 11250: 11244: 11241: 11234: 11218: 11214: 11207: 11202: 11201: 11146: 11142: 11111: 11107: 11086:(11): 1187–92. 11075: 11071: 11064: 11042: 11038: 11030: 11026: 11016: 11014: 10953: 10949: 10909: 10905: 10858: 10854: 10809: 10805: 10795: 10793: 10778: 10774: 10764: 10762: 10749: 10748: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10718:Financial Times 10712: 10711: 10707: 10683:10.1.1.466.9171 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10615: 10608: 10565: 10561: 10508: 10504: 10459: 10455: 10410: 10406: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10328: 10327: 10320: 10267: 10263: 10217: 10213: 10167: 10163: 10153: 10151: 10138: 10137: 10133: 10094: 10090: 10047: 10043: 10012: 10008: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9894: 9890: 9881: 9877: 9865: 9861: 9855:Collected Works 9852: 9848: 9842:Collected Works 9829: 9825: 9819:Collected Works 9816: 9812: 9802: 9800: 9791: 9790: 9786: 9751: 9747: 9712: 9708: 9693: 9689: 9674: 9670: 9655: 9651: 9606: 9602: 9596:Salguero (2023) 9594: 9590: 9584:Salguero (2023) 9582: 9573: 9565: 9558: 9550: 9543: 9535: 9528: 9493: 9489: 9481: 9472: 9464: 9449: 9406: 9402: 9394: 9373: 9365: 9356: 9313: 9309: 9302: 9288: 9284: 9231: 9227: 9182: 9178: 9168: 9166: 9159: 9151:. p. 115. 9139: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9104: 9084: 9080: 9070: 9068: 9061: 9053:. p. 233. 9036: 9032: 8986: 8982: 8959: 8952: 8906: 8902: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8848: 8843: 8839: 8817: 8813: 8796: 8792: 8772: 8768: 8763: 8759: 8740: 8736: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8702: 8655: 8651: 8645: 8641: 8636: 8632: 8627: 8623: 8618: 8614: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8593: 8588: 8584: 8579: 8575: 8555: 8551: 8545: 8541: 8534: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8491: 8487: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8420: 8416: 8363: 8359: 8349: 8347: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8321: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8285: 8281: 8273: 8266: 8256:Wayback Machine 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8223: 8207: 8203: 8193: 8191: 8178:Effendi, Shoghi 8175: 8171: 8164:Wayback Machine 8153: 8149: 8142: 8120: 8116: 8109: 8087: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8055: 8054: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8031: 8000: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7969: 7965: 7934: 7930: 7914: 7910: 7894: 7890: 7874: 7867: 7851: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7743:Wayback Machine 7734: 7730: 7714: 7710: 7694: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7616: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7572: 7570: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7470: 7469: 7462: 7442: 7438: 7424:The Oblate Life 7422: 7418: 7402: 7398: 7382: 7378: 7362: 7358: 7352:Wayback Machine 7339: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7299: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7259: 7255: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7129:Wayback Machine 7119: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7047: 7031: 7027: 7018: 7014: 7003: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6966: 6962: 6951: 6947: 6931: 6927: 6918: 6914: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6878: 6862: 6858: 6849: 6845: 6826: 6822: 6815: 6801: 6797: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6676:Bronkhorst 1993 6674: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6624: 6622: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6597: 6583: 6579: 6568: 6564: 6556: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6532: 6528: 6520: 6516: 6508: 6504: 6496: 6492: 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6420: 6409: 6405: 6398: 6384: 6380: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6342: 6338: 6318: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6265: 6240: 6233: 6221: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6126: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6083: 6079: 6064: 6050: 6046: 6017: 6013: 5998: 5984: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5925: 5921: 5906: 5891: 5887: 5871: 5864: 5848: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5798:on 24 June 2019 5786: 5785: 5781: 5734: 5730: 5720: 5718: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5651: 5647: 5637: 5635: 5622: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5586:. 5 July 2013. 5583:Huffington Post 5576: 5575: 5571: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5497: 5481:Singleton, Mark 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5415: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5388: 5381: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5321: 5320: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5205: 5201: 5184: 5182: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5112: 5108: 5059: 5055: 5049:Wayback Machine 5039: 5035: 5030:Wayback Machine 5020: 5016: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4878:Wayback Machine 4855: 4851: 4844: 4822: 4818: 4795: 4791: 4783: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4647: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4580: 4576: 4562:The Oblate Life 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4476: 4469: 4415: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4273: 4257: 4250: 4242: 4235: 4227: 4220: 4212: 4205: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4169: 4167: 4132: 4128: 4111: 4107: 4091: 4087: 4066: 4062: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3990: 3975: 3973: 3907: 3903: 3869: 3865: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3766: 3762: 3758:, p. 131). 3729: 3725: 3711:Claudio Naranjo 3708: 3704: 3675: 3666: 3653: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3568: 3554:Acem Meditation 3528: 3516: 3488: 3439:. In 2017, the 3387: 3369: 3346: 3336: 3331: 3318: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3122:stress hormones 3099: 3093: 2989: 2983: 2939: 2910: 2909: 2810: 2809:Notable figures 2802: 2801: 2792:Typhonian Order 2783: 2751: 2743: 2742: 2728:Rite of passage 2671: 2663: 2662: 2583: 2550: 2506:Vedanta Society 2408: 2388: 2376:Baháʼí writings 2354: 2272: 2258: 2244: 2222:Catholic Church 2183:faith, and the 2150:Teresa of Avila 2037: 2019: 1806: 1800: 1795: 1670:Lingbao Schools 1576:Xingming guizhi 1567: 1561: 1529: 1523: 1418: 1393: 1203: 1183: 1095: 1093:Jain meditation 1073: 1052: 1015:), and finally 1011:), meditation ( 926:Advaita Vedanta 883: 877: 871: 866: 840:(including the 823: 807: 791: 765: 689: 684: 682:Supporting aids 659: 601: 583: 578: 521: 458: 453: 451:Classifications 389: 372: 355: 342: 337: 332: 243:, in turn from 230: 154: 153: 152: 151: 108: 107: 106: 98: 97: 89: 88: 79: 78: 77: 69: 68: 60: 59: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19130: 19120: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19052: 19051: 19049: 19048: 19038: 19027: 19024: 19023: 19020: 19019: 19016: 19015: 19013: 19012: 19007: 19002: 18997: 18992: 18987: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18951: 18949: 18943: 18942: 18940: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18868: 18866: 18860: 18859: 18857: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18740: 18738: 18732: 18731: 18729: 18728: 18727: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18704:United Kingdom 18701: 18696: 18691: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18521: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18485: 18483: 18477: 18476: 18474: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18326: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18210: 18208: 18202: 18201: 18199: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17927: 17925: 17915: 17914: 17904: 17903: 17900: 17899: 17896: 17895: 17893: 17892: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17826: 17824: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17797:Secularization 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17777:Deconstruction 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17753: 17751: 17741: 17738: 17737: 17735: 17734: 17729: 17728: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17630:Fundamentalism 17627: 17626: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17584: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17563: 17562: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17537: 17532: 17526: 17524: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17494: 17493: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17432: 17430: 17422: 17421: 17419: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17367: 17365: 17359: 17358: 17356: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17297: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17271: 17270: 17269: 17264: 17259: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17203: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17108: 17106:Call to prayer 17103: 17098: 17093: 17091:Disaffiliation 17083: 17081: 17073: 17072: 17062: 17061: 17058: 17057: 17055: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17018: 17017: 17012: 17007: 16997: 16996: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16965: 16960: 16959: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16938: 16937: 16936: 16931: 16921: 16920: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16894: 16889: 16888: 16887: 16877: 16876: 16875: 16870: 16860: 16855: 16854: 16853: 16843: 16838: 16833: 16828: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16808: 16807: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16789:Greco-Buddhism 16786: 16776: 16775: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16749: 16744: 16743: 16742: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16721: 16720: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16699: 16698: 16693: 16683: 16678: 16677: 16676: 16671: 16666: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16628: 16625: 16624: 16612: 16611: 16608: 16607: 16604: 16603: 16600: 16599: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16594: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16543: 16541: 16537: 16536: 16534: 16533: 16532: 16531: 16519: 16514: 16513: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16431: 16430: 16420: 16419: 16418: 16413: 16403: 16402: 16401: 16396: 16386: 16381: 16380: 16379: 16370: 16368: 16360: 16359: 16357: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16340: 16339: 16334: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16303: 16302: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16241: 16239: 16232: 16222: 16221: 16218: 16217: 16215: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16193: 16191: 16187: 16186: 16183: 16182: 16180: 16179: 16178: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16150:Tambor de Mina 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16106: 16105: 16100: 16095: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16073: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15977: 15976: 15971: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15945: 15943: 15935: 15934: 15932: 15931: 15930: 15929: 15927:Guanche church 15918: 15916: 15909: 15901: 15900: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15836: 15834: 15832:Tibeto-Burmese 15828: 15827: 15825: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15803: 15801: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15761: 15760: 15755: 15745: 15740: 15738:Nuu-chah-nulth 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15719: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15682: 15681: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15647:Muscogee Creek 15644: 15639: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15584: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15547: 15546: 15536: 15531: 15525: 15523: 15515: 15514: 15512: 15511: 15506: 15504:Sumbese Marapu 15501: 15500: 15499: 15494: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15456: 15455: 15450: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15435: 15425: 15423:Batak Parmalim 15419: 15417: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15407: 15401: 15399: 15393: 15392: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15382: 15372: 15371: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15345: 15343: 15334: 15328: 15327: 15324: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15315: 15314: 15309: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15278: 15277: 15272: 15262: 15257: 15251: 15249: 15245: 15244: 15242: 15241: 15234: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15217: 15216: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15187: 15181: 15179: 15173: 15172: 15170: 15169: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15131: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15085: 15084: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15032: 15030: 15021: 15015: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14981: 14979: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14953: 14951: 14945: 14944: 14942: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14925: 14924: 14911: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14899: 14898: 14897: 14892: 14882: 14881: 14880: 14875: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14844: 14842: 14833: 14824: 14818: 14817: 14814: 14813: 14810: 14809: 14807: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14790: 14788: 14784: 14783: 14781: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14759: 14757: 14751: 14750: 14748: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14735:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 14731: 14729: 14720: 14714: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14670: 14668: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14660: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14622: 14621: 14611: 14606: 14605: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14579: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14575: 14570: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14539: 14537: 14531: 14530: 14528: 14527: 14520: 14519: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14472:Bible Students 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14442:Restorationism 14439: 14438: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14421: 14420: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14398:Evangelicalism 14395: 14394: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14373: 14372: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14340: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14309: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14292: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14261: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14244: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14226: 14224: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14214: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14168: 14158: 14157: 14156: 14140: 14138: 14129: 14120: 14110: 14109: 14097: 14096: 14089: 14088: 14081: 14074: 14066: 14057: 14056: 14054: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14007: 14006: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13910: 13908: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13871:David Spangler 13868: 13863: 13858: 13856:James Redfield 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13816:Michael Harner 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13781:Benjamin Creme 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13736:José Argüelles 13732: 13730: 13726: 13725: 13723: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13649: 13647: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13613: 13611: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13603: 13598: 13597: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13571: 13565: 13563: 13559: 13558: 13551: 13550: 13543: 13536: 13528: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13515: 13504: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13497: 13491: 13489: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13481: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13466: 13464: 13463: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13444:Daniel Goleman 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13398: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13389:Jon Kabat-Zinn 13383: 13382: 13381: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13296: 13295: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13229: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13214: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13083: 13081: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13047: 13045: 13041: 13040: 13033: 13032: 13025: 13018: 13010: 13004: 13003: 12975: 12974:External links 12972: 12970: 12969: 12944: 12930: 12920:, ed. (1969). 12914: 12908: 12890: 12861: 12808: 12802: 12785: 12779: 12761: 12732: 12726: 12706: 12700: 12687: 12681: 12664: 12638:(7): 648–653. 12627: 12621: 12605: 12599: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12545: 12514: 12478: 12452: 12427: 12397: 12396: 12389: 12388: 12379: 12361:(8): 634–638. 12346: 12320:(3): 227–239. 12305: 12278: 12269: 12263: 12247: 12227:"Introduction" 12222: 12213: 12176:(4): 470–484, 12161: 12144:(4): 933–964, 12133: 12102: 12055: 12002: 11993: 11968:(2): 169–211. 11950: 11941: 11920: 11900:(155): 1–263. 11889: 11875: 11862: 11853: 11813: 11804: 11751: 11745: 11727: 11718: 11712: 11699: 11690: 11681: 11672: 11646:(3): 415–424. 11635: 11590: 11584: 11566: 11560: 11547: 11541: 11528: 11519: 11510: 11492:(5): 374–393. 11477: 11475:. Basic Books. 11468: 11463: 11450: 11417: 11391:(2): 180–211. 11380: 11368: 11359: 11337:Bodhi, Bhikkhu 11333: 11312:(2): 129–137. 11300: 11294: 11281: 11271: 11263: 11262: 11221: 11219: 11212: 11206: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11140: 11105: 11069: 11062: 11036: 11024: 10947: 10920:(4): 381–391. 10903: 10868:(3): 255–278. 10852: 10823:(1): 103–134. 10803: 10772: 10737: 10705: 10660: 10606: 10579:(8): 803–806. 10559: 10522:(2): 372–383. 10502: 10453: 10404: 10347: 10318: 10261: 10211: 10182:(3): 357–368. 10161: 10131: 10104:(5): 492–512. 10088: 10061:(7): 469–477. 10041: 10022:(6): 519–528. 10006: 9947: 9908:(7): 621–631. 9888: 9875: 9859: 9846: 9823: 9810: 9799:. 3 March 2022 9784: 9745: 9706: 9687: 9668: 9649: 9620:(6): 329–332. 9600: 9598:, p. 180. 9588: 9571: 9556: 9554:, p. 388. 9541: 9526: 9507:(8): 634–638. 9487: 9470: 9447: 9420:(4): 421–472. 9400: 9371: 9354: 9327:(4): 421–472. 9307: 9300: 9282: 9225: 9176: 9157: 9133: 9121: 9102: 9096:. p. 66. 9078: 9059: 9030: 8980: 8950: 8900: 8856: 8846: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8811: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8766: 8757: 8755: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8710: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8667: 8663: 8649: 8639: 8630: 8621: 8612: 8603: 8591: 8582: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8549: 8539: 8532: 8514: 8485: 8482:on 3 May 2007. 8463: 8414: 8357: 8327: 8315: 8313:, p. 200. 8303: 8291: 8279: 8264: 8240: 8221: 8201: 8169: 8147: 8140: 8114: 8107: 8074: 8045: 7988: 7981: 7963: 7938:Group Analysis 7928: 7908: 7888: 7865: 7842: 7825:www.vatican.va 7812: 7786: 7775:on 1 July 2012 7750: 7728: 7708: 7688: 7668: 7661: 7639: 7632: 7610: 7580: 7550: 7539:on 1 June 2017 7524: 7493: 7460: 7436: 7416: 7396: 7376: 7356: 7333: 7313: 7293: 7273: 7253: 7233: 7202: 7183: 7163: 7133: 7113: 7101: 7099:, op cit p. 2. 7089: 7076: 7064: 7045: 7025: 7012: 6992: 6972: 6970:, p. 101. 6960: 6945: 6925: 6912: 6895: 6876: 6856: 6843: 6820: 6813: 6795: 6768:(3): 274–289. 6752: 6745: 6727: 6692: 6680: 6678:, p. 131. 6668: 6656: 6644: 6632: 6615:United We Care 6602: 6595: 6577: 6562: 6560:, p. 939. 6550: 6548:, p. 143. 6538: 6526: 6524:, p. 112. 6514: 6512:, p. 351. 6502: 6500:, p. 157. 6490: 6488:, p. 116. 6478: 6476:, p. 475. 6466: 6464:, p. 142. 6454: 6418: 6403: 6396: 6378: 6372:978-0691143774 6371: 6351: 6336: 6312: 6300: 6270: 6263: 6231: 6215: 6206: 6194: 6175: 6155: 6120: 6108: 6077: 6062: 6044: 6011: 5996: 5975: 5945: 5919: 5904: 5885: 5862: 5839: 5822:Times of India 5809: 5779: 5728: 5696: 5665:(2): 162–168. 5645: 5612: 5601: 5569: 5536: 5510: 5495: 5468: 5406: 5394: 5379: 5344: 5311: 5294:"Calm Abiding" 5284: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5199: 5165: 5146: 5126: 5106: 5053: 5033: 5014: 4986: 4979: 4959: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4921:, p. 143. 4911: 4899: 4881: 4849: 4842: 4816: 4805:(4): 232–238. 4789: 4787:, p. 135. 4774: 4762: 4745: 4726: 4706: 4683: 4658:Moksha Journal 4641: 4594:(2): 411–427. 4574: 4554: 4525: 4505: 4467: 4430:(3): 357–368. 4398: 4368: 4353:. 3 May 2017. 4342: 4307:(6): 537–559. 4290: 4271: 4248: 4246:, p. 107. 4233: 4231:, p. 415. 4218: 4216:, p. 180. 4203: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4126: 4105: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4079:Kapleau (1989) 4075: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4056:, p. 10) 3988: 3901: 3870:For instance, 3863: 3823:nirodhasamadhi 3810: 3801: 3760: 3732:kundalini yoga 3723: 3702: 3664: 3656:Shapiro (1982) 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3531:Herbert Benson 3527: 3524: 3515: 3512: 3487: 3484: 3408:drug addiction 3368: 3365: 3344:Psychoanalysis 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3317: 3314: 3258:Mahāsi Sayādaw 3256:meditation by 3194: 3191: 3186:Main article: 3183: 3180: 3095:Main article: 3092: 3089: 3041:guided imagery 3002:guided imagery 2982: 2979: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2930: 2923: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2781:Rosicrucianism 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2672: 2670:Esoteric rites 2669: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2658:Traditionalism 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2549: 2546: 2534:Brahma Kumaris 2461:Meditating in 2407: 2404: 2387: 2384: 2353: 2350: 2254:Main article: 2243: 2240: 2200:God the Father 2033:Main article: 2018: 2015: 1988:Musar Movement 1918:rabbinic texts 1802:Main article: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1563:Main article: 1560: 1557: 1525:Main article: 1522: 1519: 1417: 1414: 1392: 1389: 1273:Buddhist texts 1199:Main article: 1182: 1179: 1167:vipaka vichāya 1091:Main article: 1072: 1069: 1051: 1048: 873:Main article: 870: 867: 865: 862: 850:, the earlier 822: 819: 816:(19th century) 806: 803: 790: 787: 764: 761: 688: 685: 683: 680: 658: 655: 597:Main article: 582: 579: 577: 574: 546: 545: 538: 535: 532: 520: 517: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 447: 444: 440: 432: 388: 385: 371: 368: 354: 351: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 322:and Christian 229: 226: 222:cardiovascular 110: 109: 100: 99: 91: 90: 82: 81: 80: 71: 70: 62: 61: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19129: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19062: 19047: 19043: 19039: 19037: 19029: 19028: 19025: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19001: 18998: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18968: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18952: 18950: 18948: 18947:South America 18944: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18869: 18867: 18865: 18861: 18855: 18854:United States 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18741: 18739: 18737: 18736:North America 18733: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18706: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18594:Liechtenstein 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18486: 18484: 18482: 18478: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18321: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18211: 18209: 18207: 18203: 18197: 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18046:Guinea-Bissau 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17924: 17920: 17916: 17909: 17905: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17870:Organizations 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17814: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17733: 17730: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17712: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17700:Vegetarianism 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17645:Homosexuality 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17605: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17568: 17567: 17564: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17546: 17545: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17515: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17492: 17489: 17488: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17466:Neurotheology 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17429: 17423: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17360: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17276: 17275: 17272: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17254: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17187: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17160:Folk religion 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17088: 17085: 17084: 17082: 17078: 17074: 17067: 17063: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17002: 17001: 16998: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16983:Imperial cult 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16970: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16943: 16942: 16939: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16926: 16925: 16922: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16899: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16886: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16878: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16865: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16809: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16781: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16754: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16719: 16716: 16715: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16688: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16638: 16635: 16634: 16633: 16630: 16629: 16626: 16622: 16617: 16613: 16593: 16590: 16589: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16552:Discordianism 16550: 16548: 16547:Anthroposophy 16545: 16544: 16542: 16538: 16530: 16529: 16525: 16524: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16495:Mari religion 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16477: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16429: 16426: 16425: 16424: 16421: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16408: 16407: 16404: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16378: 16375: 16374: 16372: 16371: 16369: 16367: 16361: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16332:Neo-Theosophy 16330: 16329: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16301: 16298: 16297: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16270:New Acropolis 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16242: 16240: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16223: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16194: 16192: 16188: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16086: 16085: 16084: 16082: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15966: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15942: 15936: 15928: 15925: 15924: 15923: 15920: 15919: 15917: 15915:North African 15913: 15910: 15908: 15902: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15837: 15835: 15833: 15829: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15800: 15796: 15792: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15698: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15680: 15677: 15676: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15669:Kwakwakaʼwakw 15667: 15665: 15662: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15634: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15545: 15542: 15541: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15526: 15524: 15522: 15516: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15489: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15477: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15416: 15412: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15400: 15398: 15397:Austroasiatic 15394: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15377: 15376: 15373: 15369: 15368:Vattisen Yaly 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15350: 15347: 15346: 15344: 15342: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15329: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15304: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15287:Kirat Mundhum 15285: 15283: 15280: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15252: 15250: 15246: 15240: 15239: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15226: 15223: 15222: 15221: 15218: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15200: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15178: 15174: 15168: 15167: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15090: 15089: 15086: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15038: 15037: 15034: 15033: 15031: 15029: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14982: 14980: 14978: 14974: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14954: 14952: 14950: 14946: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14923: 14922: 14918: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14908: 14904: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14883: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14870: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14845: 14843: 14841: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14819: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14785: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14760: 14758: 14756: 14752: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14715: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14671: 14669: 14665: 14659: 14658: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14646:Milah Abraham 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14584: 14583: 14580: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14565: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14545: 14544: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14536: 14532: 14526: 14525: 14521: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14473: 14470: 14469: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14419: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14377: 14374: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14304: 14303: 14302:Protestantism 14300: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14287: 14284: 14283: 14282: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14266: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14253: 14250: 14249: 14248: 14245: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14232: 14231: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14212: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14147: 14146: 14145: 14142: 14141: 14139: 14137: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14102: 14098: 14094: 14087: 14082: 14080: 14075: 14073: 14068: 14067: 14064: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14005: 14002: 14001: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13959:Earth Changes 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13907: 13903: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13876:Eckhart Tolle 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13821:Andrew Harvey 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13806:Linda Goodman 13804: 13802: 13801:Shakti Gawain 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13771:Deepak Chopra 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13746:James Brennan 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13733: 13731: 13727: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13685: 13684:Seth Material 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13644: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13608: 13602: 13599: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13576: 13575: 13574:New-age music 13572: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13560: 13556: 13549: 13544: 13542: 13537: 13535: 13530: 13529: 13526: 13514: 13506: 13505: 13502: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13486: 13480: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13468: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13386: 13384: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13367: 13361: 13360:Visualization 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13294: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13253:Concentration 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13159: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13048: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13031: 13026: 13024: 13019: 13017: 13012: 13011: 13008: 13002: 12998: 12993: 12989: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12977: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12927: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12909:0-06-250834-2 12905: 12901: 12900: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12872:(1–4): 62–7. 12871: 12867: 12862: 12858: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12809: 12805: 12799: 12795: 12791: 12786: 12782: 12780:81-208-0503-8 12776: 12772: 12771: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12738: 12733: 12729: 12727:1-57062-442-9 12723: 12719: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12703: 12697: 12693: 12688: 12684: 12678: 12673: 12672: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12628: 12624: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12602: 12600:0-262-51109-6 12596: 12592: 12587: 12586: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12549: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12518: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12434: 12432: 12415: 12411: 12405: 12403: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12385: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12356: 12352: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12287:Asian Studies 12284: 12279: 12275: 12270: 12266: 12264:0-87728-073-8 12260: 12256: 12252: 12248: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12223: 12219: 12214: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12162: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12134: 12131: 12130:0-202-36244-2 12127: 12123: 12109: 12105: 12099: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12066:(3): 267–74. 12065: 12061: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12003: 11999: 11994: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11956: 11951: 11947: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11926: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11899: 11895: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11872: 11868: 11863: 11859: 11854: 11851: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11814: 11810: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11752: 11748: 11742: 11738: 11737: 11732: 11728: 11724: 11719: 11715: 11713:0-385-26093-8 11709: 11705: 11700: 11696: 11691: 11687: 11682: 11678: 11673: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11591: 11587: 11581: 11577: 11576: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11561:0-06-251701-5 11557: 11553: 11548: 11544: 11542:0-19-289223-1 11538: 11534: 11529: 11525: 11520: 11516: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11483: 11478: 11474: 11469: 11466: 11464:0-306-46620-1 11460: 11456: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11360: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11307: 11301: 11297: 11295:0-380-81595-8 11291: 11287: 11282: 11278: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11269: 11259: 11256: 11248: 11238: 11232: 11231: 11227: 11222:This article 11220: 11211: 11210: 11195: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11144: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11121:(1): 121–28. 11120: 11116: 11109: 11101: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11078:Meditation". 11073: 11065: 11059: 11055: 11050: 11049: 11040: 11033: 11028: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10983: 10982:10459.1/84982 10978: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10958: 10951: 10943: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10907: 10899: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10856: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10807: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10776: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10724: 10719: 10715: 10709: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10624: 10620: 10613: 10611: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10563: 10555: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10506: 10498: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10457: 10449: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10415: 10408: 10400: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10367:(1): 89–103. 10366: 10362: 10358: 10351: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10323: 10314: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10257: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10215: 10207: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10177: 10173: 10165: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10092: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10045: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10010: 10002: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9967:(4): e96110. 9966: 9962: 9958: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9892: 9885: 9882:Erich Fromm, 9879: 9872: 9868: 9863: 9856: 9850: 9843: 9839: 9838: 9833: 9827: 9820: 9814: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9749: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9710: 9704: 9703:1-912248-31-X 9700: 9696: 9691: 9685: 9684:0-19-020062-6 9681: 9677: 9672: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9611: 9604: 9597: 9592: 9585: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9569:, p. 69. 9568: 9563: 9561: 9553: 9548: 9546: 9538: 9533: 9531: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9467: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9368: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9303: 9301:9780702047770 9297: 9293: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9229: 9221: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9196:(3): 708–24. 9195: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9145: 9137: 9130: 9125: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9090: 9082: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8957: 8955: 8946: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8904: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8850: 8841: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8815: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8785: 8782: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8770: 8761: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8738: 8729: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8714: 8704: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8653: 8643: 8634: 8625: 8616: 8607: 8598: 8596: 8586: 8577: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8553: 8543: 8535: 8529: 8525: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8489: 8481: 8477: 8475: 8474:Time Magazine 8467: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8410: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8324: 8319: 8312: 8307: 8300: 8295: 8288: 8283: 8276: 8271: 8269: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8244: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8205: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8151: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8118: 8110: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7984: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7925: 7924:81-8220-095-4 7921: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7904:81-7214-728-7 7901: 7897: 7892: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7872: 7870: 7862: 7861:0-618-15288-1 7858: 7854: 7849: 7847: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7764: 7762: 7754: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7732: 7725: 7724:90-04-12654-6 7721: 7717: 7712: 7705: 7704:1-57383-227-8 7701: 7697: 7692: 7685: 7684:1-57383-227-8 7681: 7677: 7672: 7664: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7538: 7534: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7457: 7456:0-8122-3602-5 7453: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7433: 7432:0-8146-3176-2 7429: 7425: 7420: 7413: 7412:0-8091-3660-0 7409: 7405: 7400: 7393: 7392:0-8294-2081-9 7389: 7385: 7380: 7373: 7372:0-521-66738-0 7369: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7329:0-7425-5084-2 7326: 7322: 7317: 7310: 7309:81-7109-429-5 7306: 7302: 7297: 7290: 7289:0-631-18033-8 7286: 7283: 7277: 7270: 7269:0-88489-361-8 7266: 7262: 7257: 7250: 7249:0-8294-2024-X 7246: 7242: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7176: 7175: 7167: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7117: 7110: 7105: 7098: 7093: 7086: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7029: 7022: 7016: 7008: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6976: 6969: 6964: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6929: 6922: 6916: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6860: 6853: 6847: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6824: 6816: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6756: 6748: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6689: 6684: 6677: 6672: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6598: 6596:0-941532-90-9 6592: 6588: 6581: 6574:. p. 64. 6573: 6566: 6559: 6554: 6547: 6542: 6535: 6530: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6494: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6414: 6407: 6399: 6393: 6389: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6355: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6316: 6309: 6304: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6266: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6227: 6219: 6210: 6203: 6202:Lusthaus 2018 6198: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6112: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6063:0-585-17620-5 6059: 6055: 6048: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5997:81-208-1615-3 5993: 5989: 5982: 5980: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5859: 5858:1-58595-519-1 5855: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5710:Time magazine 5706: 5700: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5610: 5605: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5564: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5486:Roots of Yoga 5482: 5478: 5472: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5413: 5411: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5240:, p. 70. 5239: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5194: 5180: 5176: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5073:(4): 163–69. 5072: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4990: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4963: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4908: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4866:0-521-85743-0 4863: 4859: 4853: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4786: 4781: 4779: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4687: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4570:0-8146-3176-2 4567: 4563: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4522: 4521:1-002-37787-0 4518: 4514: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4255: 4253: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4020:Kapleau (1989 4018:; as well as 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3922:Epstein (1995 3919: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3876:Enlightenment 3873: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3817:According to 3814: 3805: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3746:meditation" ( 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3661: 3658:states that " 3657: 3651: 3649: 3644: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3523: 3520: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3504:General Mills 3501: 3495: 3493: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3363:of the east. 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3334:Psychotherapy 3326: 3324: 3313: 3311: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3246:Visuddhimagga 3241: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3189: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3081:coping skills 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2924: 2922: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681:Body of light 2679: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2538:Vihangam Yoga 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2467:New York City 2464: 2459: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2292:concentration 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2266:Sama (Sufism) 2263: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2194:According to 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122:Lectio Divina 2120:monks called 2119: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2084:contemplation 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2028: 2023: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1996:visualization 1993: 1992:introspection 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1929:Genesis Rabba 1926: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842:Old Testament 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1790: 1788: 1787:Wuxingheqidao 1784: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603:contemplation 1601:cultivation, 1600: 1599: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1401:Visuddhimagga 1397: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1351:Buddha-nature 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1317:incorporated 1316: 1311: 1309: 1308:Visuddhimagga 1305: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1283:Dhyana sutras 1280: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1228:repulsiveness 1225: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:apaya vichāya 1160: 1159: 1154: 1153:agnya vichāya 1150: 1149:contemplation 1145: 1143: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1124:shukla dhyana 1121: 1120:Dharma dhyana 1117: 1116:Shukla dhyana 1113: 1109: 1108:gyata-drashta 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1086: 1085:shukla dhyana 1082: 1077: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 967: 964:, vimukti or 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 936: 932: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 882: 876: 861: 859: 855: 854: 849: 845: 844: 843:Bhagavad Gita 839: 838: 833: 829: 815: 811: 802: 800: 796: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 769:Enlightenment 760: 758: 757: 756: 750: 746: 742: 738: 737: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707: 702: 698: 694: 679: 677: 673: 668: 664: 654: 652: 651: 646: 645: 640: 639: 634: 630: 626: 622: 621: 616: 612: 609: 605: 600: 592: 587: 573: 569: 565: 563: 559: 558: 553: 552: 543: 542:contemplation 539: 536: 533: 530: 529: 528: 526: 516: 514: 510: 509: 504: 500: 496: 492: 491: 486: 485: 480: 474: 472: 468: 462: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428: 427: 423: 421: 417: 412: 408: 404: 402: 397: 394: 393:psychological 384: 382: 377: 367: 364: 360: 350: 348: 327: 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 275: 274: 269: 265: 261: 257: 256: 251: 250: 246: 242: 239: 235: 225: 223: 219: 215: 214:psychological 211: 207: 203: 199: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 174: 168: 166: 161: 158: 150: 149:Narayana Guru 146: 143: 139: 136: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 104: 95: 86: 75: 66: 57: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 18451:Turkmenistan 18411:Saudi Arabia 18156:South Africa 18146:Sierra Leone 17951:Burkina Faso 17860:Names of God 17807:Unaffiliated 17762:Antireligion 17623:Universalism 17571:Assimilation 17436:Anthropology 17311:Supernatural 17306:Spirituality 17274:Sacred space 17262:Purification 17179: 17135:Denomination 17089: / 16897:Paleo-Balkan 16863:Mesopotamian 16703:Cook Islands 16674:Old Prussian 16587:UFO religion 16526: 16522:Zalmoxianism 16450:Neoshamanism 16307:Spiritualism 16190:Other ethnic 16079: 15905:Traditional 15865:Bongthingism 15753:Acoma Pueblo 15696:Mesoamerican 15415:Austronesian 15236: 15232:Neo-Buddhism 15164: 15160:Neo-Hinduism 15081:Swaminarayan 14919: 14868:Salvationist 14853:Confucianism 14704:Samaritanism 14674:Ali-Illahism 14655: 14522: 14516:Unitarianism 14457:Old Catholic 14264:Nestorianism 14222:Christianity 14209: 14175:Conservative 14021:Neoshamanism 13998: 13891:Stuart Wilde 13861:Jane Roberts 13776:Paulo Coelho 13756:Eileen Caddy 13751:Rhonda Byrne 13741:Richard Bach 13715:UFO religion 13695:Spirituality 13690:Spiritualism 13682: 13584:Neoclassical 13476: 13424:Yuval Harari 13414:S. N. Goenka 13404:Pema Chödrön 13293:Mindful Yoga 13209: 13179:Silva Method 13156: 13036: 12985: 12961:. Retrieved 12952: 12921: 12897: 12869: 12865: 12820: 12816: 12789: 12769: 12740: 12736: 12713: 12691: 12670: 12635: 12631: 12612: 12609:Brahm, Ajahn 12590: 12567:. Retrieved 12558: 12548: 12536:. Retrieved 12527: 12517: 12505:. Retrieved 12501:the original 12496: 12469:. Retrieved 12455: 12447:the original 12442: 12418:. Retrieved 12392: 12391: 12383: 12358: 12354: 12317: 12313: 12293:(2): 59–83. 12290: 12286: 12273: 12254: 12239:. Retrieved 12230: 12217: 12206:, retrieved 12173: 12169: 12141: 12137: 12112:. Retrieved 12092: 12063: 12059: 12014: 12010: 11997: 11985:. Retrieved 11965: 11961: 11945: 11931:(1): 49–58. 11928: 11924: 11897: 11866: 11857: 11821: 11817: 11808: 11763: 11759: 11735: 11722: 11703: 11694: 11685: 11676: 11643: 11639: 11602: 11598: 11574: 11551: 11532: 11523: 11514: 11489: 11485: 11472: 11454: 11429: 11425: 11388: 11384: 11375: 11363: 11351:. Retrieved 11341: 11309: 11305: 11285: 11276: 11267: 11266: 11251: 11242: 11235:Please help 11230:verification 11223: 11157: 11153: 11143: 11118: 11114: 11108: 11083: 11079: 11072: 11054:Anchor Press 11047: 11039: 11027: 11015:. Retrieved 10964: 10960: 10950: 10917: 10913: 10906: 10865: 10861: 10855: 10820: 10816: 10806: 10794:. Retrieved 10785: 10775: 10763:. Retrieved 10754: 10728:. Retrieved 10723:the original 10717: 10708: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10651:. Retrieved 10626: 10622: 10576: 10572: 10562: 10519: 10515: 10505: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10421: 10417: 10407: 10364: 10360: 10350: 10338:. Retrieved 10278: 10274: 10264: 10229: 10225: 10214: 10179: 10175: 10164: 10152:. Retrieved 10143: 10134: 10101: 10097: 10091: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10019: 10015: 10009: 9964: 9960: 9950: 9938:. Retrieved 9905: 9901: 9891: 9883: 9878: 9870: 9862: 9854: 9849: 9841: 9835: 9826: 9818: 9813: 9801:. Retrieved 9796: 9787: 9762: 9758: 9748: 9726:(1): 28–54. 9723: 9719: 9709: 9694: 9690: 9675: 9671: 9656: 9652: 9617: 9613: 9603: 9591: 9567:Vörös (2016) 9504: 9500: 9490: 9417: 9413: 9403: 9324: 9320: 9310: 9291: 9285: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9167:. Retrieved 9143: 9136: 9124: 9112:. Retrieved 9088: 9081: 9069:. Retrieved 9046: 9033: 9001:(1): 66–69. 8998: 8994: 8983: 8969:(1): 20–23. 8966: 8962: 8921:(1): 36–61. 8918: 8914: 8903: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8849: 8840: 8833:pp1811-1814. 8818: 8814: 8797: 8793: 8773: 8769: 8760: 8741: 8737: 8717: 8713: 8703: 8679:pp1139-1148. 8656: 8652: 8642: 8633: 8624: 8615: 8606: 8585: 8576: 8556: 8552: 8542: 8523: 8517: 8505:. Retrieved 8495: 8488: 8480:the original 8473: 8466: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8348:. Retrieved 8339: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8306: 8301:, p. 7. 8294: 8289:, p. 4. 8282: 8277:, p. 3. 8243: 8231:. Retrieved 8211: 8204: 8192:. Retrieved 8182: 8172: 8155: 8150: 8127: 8117: 8094: 8091:"Meditation" 8065:. Retrieved 8057:"Meditation" 8036:. Retrieved 8008: 8004: 7991: 7972: 7966: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7915: 7911: 7895: 7891: 7875: 7852: 7833:. Retrieved 7824: 7815: 7803:. Retrieved 7789: 7777:. Retrieved 7773:the original 7766: 7760: 7753: 7745: 7731: 7715: 7711: 7695: 7691: 7675: 7671: 7648: 7642: 7619: 7613: 7601:. Retrieved 7592: 7583: 7571:. Retrieved 7562: 7553: 7541:. Retrieved 7537:the original 7527: 7515:. Retrieved 7506: 7496: 7484:. Retrieved 7475: 7443: 7439: 7423: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7363: 7359: 7345:the original 7336: 7320: 7316: 7300: 7296: 7281: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7240: 7236: 7224:. Retrieved 7215: 7205: 7193:. Retrieved 7173: 7166: 7154:. Retrieved 7145: 7136: 7116: 7104: 7092: 7084: 7079: 7067: 7055:. Retrieved 7035: 7028: 7020: 7015: 7006: 6979: 6975: 6963: 6954: 6948: 6932: 6928: 6920: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6898: 6886:. Retrieved 6866: 6859: 6851: 6846: 6831: 6823: 6804: 6798: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6736: 6730: 6718:. 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Retrieved 5266: 5257: 5250:Aguirre 2018 5245: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5212: 5202: 5190: 5183:. Retrieved 5168: 5156:. Retrieved 5136: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5109: 5100: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5036: 5017: 5002:Wittgenstein 4989: 4969: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4914: 4909:, p. 2. 4902: 4894:the original 4884: 4870:(proof copy) 4868:pp. 499–551 4857: 4852: 4825: 4819: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4772:, p. 6. 4765: 4758:Goleman 1988 4736:. Retrieved 4716: 4709: 4696: 4686: 4674:. Retrieved 4657: 4644: 4632:. Retrieved 4591: 4587: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4545:. Retrieved 4537:"Meditation" 4512: 4508: 4483: 4479: 4427: 4423: 4389:. Retrieved 4380: 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4345: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4281:. Retrieved 4261: 4244:Goleman 1988 4168:. Retrieved 4150: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4122:Bodhisattvas 4108: 4100: 4088: 4072:Thera (1996) 4063: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4010:. Retrieved 3991: 3974:. Retrieved 3953: 3933: 3917: 3904: 3892: 3884:Bodhi (1999) 3879: 3866: 3861:, Routledge. 3858: 3854: 3850: 3840:Sarvāstivāda 3831: 3828:Karel Werner 3822: 3813: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3763: 3726: 3714: 3705: 3690:Shapiro 1982 3685: 3659: 3558: 3546: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3508: 3496: 3492:spirituality 3489: 3460: 3457: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417:states that 3412: 3388: 3347: 3319: 3301: 3291: 3287: 3282:; 3279: 3261: 3249: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3199: 3196: 3172: 3157: 3154: 3128:levels, and 3119: 3107:neurological 3100: 3030: 3010: 2990: 2974: 2944: 2723:Propitiation 2717: 2582:Key concepts 2557: 2500:include the 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2444: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2394: 2370: 2362: 2358:Baháʼí Faith 2355: 2352:Baháʼí Faith 2340: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2225: 2215: 2193: 2189:Episcopalian 2161: 2157:Pope Francis 2154: 2142:contemplatio 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2111: 2099:Jesus prayer 2088: 2059: 2050:, by 20 BCE 2048:Roman Empire 2038: 2017:Christianity 2007:(repentance) 2004: 1958: 1950: 1948: 1944:Aryeh Kaplan 1933: 1903:rabbinic law 1896: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1849: 1832:(the Hebrew 1821: 1817: 1807: 1786: 1776: 1772: 1762: 1756: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1726: 1710: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1673: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1643:Tang dynasty 1635: 1628: 1623: 1596: 1594: 1587: 1574: 1551: 1537: 1530: 1514: 1490: 1480: 1470: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1409: 1399: 1394: 1378: 1355: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1319:Sarvastivada 1312: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1276: 1262: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1235: 1221: 1204: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112:Dharma hyana 1111: 1107: 1101: 1096: 1084: 1053: 1021: 970: 928: 921: 917: 907: 889:A statue of 851: 841: 835: 824: 813: 792: 782: 766: 753: 752: 734: 704: 701:prayer ropes 693:prayer beads 690: 660: 648: 643: 636: 618: 607: 602: 570: 566: 555: 549: 547: 522: 506: 497:(such as in 494: 488: 482: 476: 470: 466: 464: 459: 435: 425: 413: 409: 406: 401:Delphi study 398: 390: 373: 356: 343: 313: 308: 288: 280: 278: 271: 263: 253: 252:from a verb 247: 240: 233: 232:The English 231: 218:neurological 202:self-concept 194: 171: 169: 162: 156: 155: 47: 18902:New Zealand 18839:Saint Lucia 18789:El Salvador 18694:Switzerland 18629:Netherlands 18401:Philippines 18329:South Korea 18324:North Korea 18214:Afghanistan 18161:South Sudan 18051:Ivory Coast 17835:Deification 17782:Objectivism 17757:Agnosticism 17715:Persecution 17705:Video games 17670:Populations 17581:Proselytism 17549:Monasticism 17540:Clericalism 17530:Agriculture 17521:and society 17486:Soteriology 17446:Comparative 17416:Transtheism 17401:Panentheism 17185:Monasticism 16978:Gallo-Roman 16880:Micronesian 16846:Manichaeism 16794:Hermeticism 16762:Continental 16757:Anglo-Saxon 16637:Paleolithic 16632:Prehistoric 16582:Scientology 16445:Italo-Roman 16300:Radha Soami 16280:New Thought 16120:Espiritismo 16061:Waaqeffanna 16001:Fon and Ewe 15939:Sub-Saharan 15822:Satsana Phi 15608:Ghost Dance 15561:Californian 15539:Anishinaabe 15465:Karo Pemena 15444:Indonesian 15118:Lingayatism 15066:Mahanubhava 15036:Vaishnavism 14967:Jeungsanism 14890:Folk Taoism 14873:Xiantiandao 14727:Zoroastrian 14386:Charismatic 14381:Pentecostal 14344:Anglicanism 14295:Waldensians 14230:Catholicism 14016:Neopaganism 13761:Lee Carroll 13653:Edgar Cayce 13594:Space music 13409:Susan Piver 13340:Tantric sex 13288:Mindfulness 13233:Biofeedback 13210:Zhan zhuang 13044:Main topics 12980:‹ The 12420:25 December 12393:Web sources 12386:, Routledge 12208:7 September 11987:14 February 11725:, Routledge 11605:(2661824). 10914:Mindfulness 10765:21 November 10730:21 November 10516:Mindfulness 10424:: 115–124. 9840:", (1939), 9483:Goud (2022) 9245:(1): 2403. 9190:Mindfulness 8299:Taylor 1999 8287:Taylor 1999 8275:Taylor 1999 8067:16 December 8011:(1): 1–10. 7517:20 December 7486:20 December 7448:Brian Stock 7216:The Forward 7109:Kaplan 1982 7097:Kaplan 1978 7072:Kaplan 1982 6968:Kaplan 1978 6720:16 February 6701:Bodhi (2005 6688:Vetter 1988 6534:Schaik 2018 6522:Suzuki 2014 6326:Routledge, 6308:Larson 2008 5529:23 February 5354:Mindfulness 5267:terebess.hu 4907:Taylor 1999 4634:16 November 4170:16 February 4147:Bodhi (2005 4124:" (p. 227). 4054:Gethin 1998 4012:16 February 3976:16 February 3944:tells Ven. 3847:Sautrāntika 3832:Yoga Sutras 3819:Larson 2008 3560:Biofeedback 3429:psychiatric 3357:Erich Fromm 3323:selfishness 3316:Mindfulness 3240:traditions. 3150:theta waves 3063:, physical 3059:, reducing 3053:therapeutic 2771:Golden Dawn 2766:Freemasonry 2628:Metaphysics 2613:Hermeticism 2566:Esotericism 2522:Sahaja Yoga 2451:Soyen Shaku 2449:], and 2372:Bahá'u'lláh 2118:Benedictine 2095:Mount Athos 2076:Virgin Mary 1963:Kabbalistic 1870:to meditate 1868:, but also 1836:) that the 1703:The Taoist 1607:mindfulness 1547:divine will 1495:impermanent 1347:shou-i pu i 1335:fēi sīliàng 1242:mindfulness 1237:anapanasati 1192:practicing 1190:Bodhidharma 1032:Bhakti yoga 983:leading to 981:eight limbs 977:Yoga sutras 899:Padma-asana 893:practicing 848:Gavin Flood 837:Mahabharata 611:(full-lotus 560:, insight. 503:mindfulness 330:Definitions 241:meditacioun 212:on health ( 145:Bodhidharma 19067:Meditation 19061:Categories 18892:Micronesia 18769:Costa Rica 18664:San Marino 18624:Montenegro 18604:Luxembourg 18461:Uzbekistan 18436:Tajikistan 18341:Kyrgyzstan 18314:Kazakhstan 18264:East Timor 18234:Bangladesh 18224:Azerbaijan 18141:Seychelles 18106:Mozambique 18091:Mauritania 18076:Madagascar 17966:Cape Verde 17748:irreligion 17743:Secularism 17650:Minorities 17618:Toleration 17613:Syncretism 17598:Fanaticism 17588:Disability 17576:Missionary 17566:Conversion 17554:Ordination 17476:Psychology 17471:Philosophy 17411:Polytheism 17391:Monotheism 17386:Henotheism 17227:Orthopraxy 17217:Ordination 17180:Meditation 17175:Indigenous 17140:Entheogens 17125:Conversion 16951:Pueblo III 16868:Babylonian 16858:Melanesian 16784:Gnosticism 16669:Lithuanian 16562:Fourth Way 16416:Circassian 16394:Dievturība 16317:Tensegrity 16250:Falun Gong 15895:Sanamahism 15875:Donyi-Polo 15487:Polynesian 15433:Kaharingan 15358:Burkhanism 15297:Ravidassia 15275:Śvetāmbara 15061:Pushtimarg 15041:Krishnaism 14977:Vietnamese 14962:Cheondoism 14895:Yao Taoism 14831:East Asian 14597:Isma'ilism 14553:Maturidism 14332:Mennonites 14327:Hutterites 14312:Anabaptism 14205:Humanistic 13999:Meditation 13944:Breathwork 13886:Ken Wilber 13866:Mark Satin 13826:David Icke 13791:Marc Gafni 13729:Proponents 13646:Influences 13627:The Family 13394:Sam Harris 13330:Relaxation 13226:Techniques 13080:Traditions 13037:Meditation 12997:Meditation 12743:(1): 1–8. 12439:"meditate" 12241:13 October 12114:14 October 11288:. Harper. 11279:, ABC-CLIO 11245:March 2024 10967:: 103533. 10796:4 February 10653:15 October 9039:Holen, Are 8829:pp132-143. 8825:pp127-132. 8804:pp177-182. 8780:pp145–157. 8689:pp213-222. 8666:pp297-303. 8647:pp490–502. 8563:pp213-222. 8507:15 October 8350:14 January 7944:(4): 434. 7863:pp. 147–49 7251:pp. 79, 86 6888:27 October 6664:Polak 2011 6558:Sharf 2014 6546:McRae 1986 6486:McRae 1986 6474:Sharf 2015 6187:27 October 6093:(Winter). 5689:9 November 5556:(7): 200. 5158:27 October 4738:29 January 4699:. London: 4547:2 February 4283:27 October 4183:References 4026:"dhyāna". 3950:VRI, n.d.) 3940:62), Ven. 3930:Pali Canon 3893:Meditation 3843:Abhidharma 3836:Pāli Canon 3719:literature 3715:meditation 3437:depression 3400:depression 3395:psychiatry 3371:See also: 3338:See also: 3293:zouhuorumo 3201:zouhuorumo 3164:compassion 3085:well-being 3049:journaling 3045:relaxation 3026:scientific 3006:journaling 2987:Yoga nidra 2890:Pythagoras 2885:Paracelsus 2761:Élus Coëns 2718:Meditation 2713:Invocation 2708:Initiation 2688:Divination 2443: [ 2437:Abdul Baha 2395:Meditation 2260:See also: 1953:hitbodedut 1731:(and some 1625:Livia Kohn 1511:dispassion 1491:vi-passana 1477:hindrances 1466:aggregates 1323:Madhyamaka 1271:, through 1103:Ratnatraya 1044:Hatha Yoga 1024:Hatha Yoga 1005:pratyāhāra 991:), rules ( 879:See also: 832:Upanishads 799:prostrates 779:practice: 615:half-lotus 511:and other 508:shikantaza 493:, or to a 436:Meditation 391:In modern 359:traditions 281:meditation 238:Old French 234:meditation 206:well-being 198:perception 178:Upanishads 157:Meditation 43:medication 18:Meditating 19010:Venezuela 18955:Argentina 18872:Australia 18824:Nicaragua 18799:Guatemala 18599:Lithuania 18421:Sri Lanka 18416:Singapore 18396:Palestine 18284:Indonesia 18274:Hong Kong 18096:Mauritius 17817:Overviews 17772:Criticism 17720:Terrorism 17695:Theocracy 17640:Happiness 17608:Pluralism 17593:Education 17519:Religion 17491:Salvation 17481:Sociology 17426:Religious 17406:Pantheism 17396:Nontheism 17289:Mountains 17267:Sacrifice 17222:Orthodoxy 17212:Mythology 17207:Mysticism 17096:Behaviour 17005:Canaanite 16988:Mithraism 16956:Pueblo IV 16946:Pueblo II 16851:Mazdakism 16826:Hungarian 16799:Mysteries 16708:Dravidian 16490:Hungarian 16406:Caucasian 16377:Godianism 16337:Agni Yoga 16327:Theosophy 16290:Rastafari 16265:Modekngei 16245:Brahmoism 16238:Syncretic 16230:movements 16228:religious 16140:Quimbanda 16088:Candomblé 16081:Diasporic 15860:Bathouism 15850:Benzhuism 15770:Tsimshian 15716:Purépecha 15637:Longhouse 15612:Sun Dance 15556:Blackfoot 15470:Malaysian 15460:Kapitayan 15270:Digambara 15255:Ayyavazhi 15220:Vajrayana 15185:Theravada 15098:Ganapatya 15071:Ramanandi 15000:Hoahaoism 14878:Yiguandao 14773:Yarsanism 14768:Shabakism 14755:Yazdânism 14745:Zurvanism 14740:Mazdaznan 14699:Rastafari 14694:Mandaeism 14568:Wahhabism 14548:Ash'arism 14511:Tolstoyan 14501:Spiritual 14491:Mormonism 14462:Judaizers 14435:Quakerism 14413:Methodist 14403:Irvingism 14354:Calvinism 14307:Adventism 14290:Moravians 14127:Abrahamic 14026:Neotantra 13974:Feng shui 13811:Alex Grey 13705:Theosophy 13678:Occultism 13268:Emptiness 13243:Breathing 12158:144208166 11974:1076-9005 11438:0125-2208 11226:citations 11176:1664-1078 11007:254389266 10991:1471-5953 10942:255785448 10934:1868-8535 10898:167218809 10882:1573-6547 10847:254473829 10839:1573-336X 10700:145612370 10678:CiteSeerX 10593:0002-953X 10536:1868-8535 10340:22 August 10295:1531-3433 10281:(2): 10. 10075:1879-3061 9434:1573-076X 9341:1573-076X 8895:207090878 8873:: 48–73. 8377:: 36760. 7958:220434155 7706:pp. 12–13 7624:Routledge 7311:pp. 76–77 7291:pp. 83–84 6782:0038-0229 6708:(1998e). 6334:, page 26 5914:179839679 5679:213924577 5550:Religions 5505:928480104 5374:147845968 4695:(1971) . 4608:0022-4197 4500:148410605 4444:2168-6106 4321:1745-6916 4158:(1998d). 4139:vipassana 4101:vipassana 3942:Sariputta 3845:and from 3744:vipassana 3709:In 1971, 3603:Immanence 3583:Ego death 3514:In school 3353:awareness 3349:Carl Jung 3254:vipassanā 3168:prosocial 3022:scholarly 3018:self-help 2950:mysticism 2865:Ibn Arabi 2850:Gurdjieff 2835:Dionysius 2815:Blavatsky 2776:Martinism 2738:Sacrifice 2698:Evocation 2653:Theosophy 2638:Mysticism 2603:Astrology 2482:japa mala 2431:ashrams 2342:Dervishes 2331:emotional 2327:cognitive 2297:muraqabah 2256:Muraqabah 2134:meditatio 2091:hesychasm 2060:meditatum 2046:. In the 1925:Sanhedrin 1739:-related 1717:Confucius 1666:Shangqing 1654:Vipassanā 1552:Nām japnā 1499:suffering 1461:vipassana 1449:vipassana 1433:vipassana 1424:, namely 1406:bojjhanga 1300:vipassana 1290:Theravāda 1275:like the 1210:awakening 1206:Buddhists 1151:includes 1001:prāṇāyama 973:Patañjali 944:. In the 891:Patañjali 741:rudraksha 706:japa mala 657:Frequency 650:shavasana 608:padmasana 576:Technique 557:vipassana 513:awareness 443:blissful" 324:Hesychasm 264:meditatio 249:meditatio 228:Etymology 142:Chan monk 124:Hsuan Hua 39:mediation 19036:Category 19000:Suriname 18990:Paraguay 18975:Colombia 18882:Kiribati 18809:Honduras 18779:Dominica 18754:Barbados 18719:Scotland 18679:Slovenia 18674:Slovakia 18649:Portugal 18519:Bulgaria 18441:Thailand 18391:Pakistan 18371:Mongolia 18366:Maldives 18361:Malaysia 18249:Cambodia 18196:Zimbabwe 18171:Tanzania 18021:Ethiopia 18016:Eswatini 17996:Djibouti 17961:Cameroon 17946:Botswana 17890:Timeline 17885:Scholars 17845:Founders 17710:Violence 17665:Politics 17535:Business 17498:Theology 17242:Prophecy 17232:Paganism 17120:Covenant 17087:Apostasy 17022:Scythian 16963:Rapa Nui 16917:Thracian 16912:Illyrian 16902:Albanian 16873:Sumerian 16816:Harappan 16752:Germanic 16747:Georgian 16740:Selk'nam 16725:Etruscan 16713:Egyptian 16691:Druidism 16654:Armenian 16577:Satanism 16557:Eckankar 16480:Estonian 16465:Romanian 16455:Ossetian 16435:Germanic 16384:Armenian 16373:African 16366:paganism 16295:Sant Mat 16285:Rajneesh 16260:Meivazhi 16255:Japanese 16212:Siberian 16145:Santería 16115:Convince 15981:Bushongo 15885:Kiratism 15812:Hmongism 15679:Wocekiye 15664:Jivaroan 15632:Iroquois 15627:Ho-Chunk 15588:Cherokee 15521:American 15492:Hawaiian 15405:Sarnaism 15375:Tungusic 15363:Tengrism 15353:Mongolic 15282:Sarnaism 15213:Nichiren 15190:Mahayana 15177:Buddhism 15155:Sant Mat 15145:Sauraism 15140:Smartism 15135:Shaktism 15128:Balinese 15113:Kaumaram 15108:Kapalika 15103:Kashmiri 15088:Shaivism 15028:Hinduism 14995:Caodaism 14939:Ryukyuan 14934:Tenrikyo 14929:Shugendō 14907:Japanese 14778:Yazidism 14763:Ishikism 14641:Quranism 14614:Khawarij 14563:Salafism 14558:Atharism 14447:Esoteric 14418:Holiness 14408:Lutheran 14369:Reformed 14349:Baptists 14322:Brethren 14286:Hussites 14274:Assyrian 14190:Haymanot 14144:Orthodox 14093:Religion 13979:Gaianism 13851:Ram Dass 13579:Biomusic 13513:Category 13320:Postures 13263:Counting 13248:Chanting 13217:5Rhythms 12982:template 12963:2 August 12957:Archived 12896:(1994). 12886:52203383 12857:15534199 12767:(1998). 12712:(1999). 12660:27930160 12611:(2006). 12563:Archived 12532:Archived 12471:16 April 12465:Archived 12414:Archived 12375:37505896 12334:16594839 12253:(1996). 12235:Archived 12233:: 1–32. 12202:archived 12198:18518975 12190:25361692 12108:Archived 12090:(1984). 12051:31071152 12011:PLOS ONE 11978:Archived 11916:17764203 11885:76149720 11850:31681085 11800:28542181 11760:PLOS ONE 11733:(2008). 11631:36316997 11572:(1988). 11506:32820538 11446:10561951 11405:16536641 11374:(1993), 11347:Archived 11339:(1999). 11194:24109463 11135:32980899 11100:19922249 11017:16 April 11011:Archived 10999:36516640 10890:31140100 10790:Archived 10759:Archived 10647:Archived 10643:27663102 10601:25082484 10554:32863982 10497:24338345 10448:29100863 10399:24571182 10334:Archived 10313:30790138 10256:28963100 10206:24395196 10154:14 March 10148:Archived 10126:34990668 10118:23461667 10083:32037024 10036:25818837 10001:24763812 9961:PLOS ONE 9934:Archived 9930:43129186 9922:26436312 9779:34705576 9740:34941333 9644:28377813 9521:37505896 9277:29402955 9220:30100929 9163:Archived 9108:Archived 9065:Archived 9041:(2016). 9025:29016240 8945:29016274 8887:24705269 8724:pp23-30. 8708:pp66-71. 8501:Archived 8458:28055821 8409:27829670 8344:Archived 8252:Archived 8227:Archived 8188:Archived 8180:(1973). 8160:Archived 8124:"Prayer" 8061:Archived 8029:Archived 7835:15 March 7829:Archived 7799:Archived 7739:Archived 7597:Archived 7567:Archived 7511:Archived 7480:Archived 7348:Archived 7341:Archived 7220:Archived 7195:9 August 7189:Archived 7156:9 August 7150:Archived 7125:Archived 7051:Archived 6882:Archived 6790:48564546 6714:Archived 6651:Vetter, 6639:Gethin, 6619:Archived 6441:Archived 6413:Jain Yog 6322:(1994), 6287:Archived 6245:(1996). 6181:Archived 6150:44185634 6095:Archived 6091:Tricycle 6072:45733876 6006:50030094 5962:Archived 5826:Archived 5774:20670413 5721:17 March 5715:Archived 5683:Archived 5632:Archived 5628:ABC News 5588:Archived 5523:Archived 5483:(2017). 5461:5 August 5455:Archived 5451:11036572 5443:20167507 5331:Archived 5298:Archived 5271:Archived 5217:Archived 5179:Archived 5152:Archived 5097:18329323 5045:Archived 5026:Archived 4874:Archived 4732:Archived 4670:Archived 4666:21878732 4652:(2006). 4628:Archived 4624:20088045 4616:26915053 4541:Archived 4462:24395196 4385:Archived 4355:Archived 4329:26168376 4277:Archived 4164:Archived 4024:Sanskrit 4006:Archived 4000:(1997). 3970:Archived 3964:(2006). 3914:Sanskrit 3880:ultimate 3785:PsycINFO 3781:PsycINFO 3598:Hypnosis 3566:See also 3467:insomnia 3367:Clinical 3280:Chánbìng 3272:Japanese 3069:insomnia 2962:Buddhism 2958:Hinduism 2703:Exorcism 2618:Kabbalah 2558:a series 2555:Part of 2427:various 2346:whirling 2336:infinite 2322:universe 2316:tadabbur 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