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456:''In the Mughal administrative capitals and royal karkhana, however, artisans enjoyed royal patronage. In the sixteenth ... It included karkhanadar (supervisor), ustad (artisan-master) and shagird (disciple or subordinate artisan). The state ... According to Abul Fazl, court-writer of the Mughal emperor Akbar,....''
471:''The actual work was carried on by the artisans who have been referred to as apprentices and beginners under the direction and control of the Master artisan or Ustad . ... Because it was the Master Artisan who infused life and vigour in the Karkhana by his imagination , art and skill .''
235:(master craftsman's examination). The duration of the courses takes 1 to 4 years depending on the craft and on the Course. The examination includes theoretical, practical and oral parts and takes 5 to 7 days (depending on the craft). In some crafts, the creation of a
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This tradition originates in
Medieval Europe. The earliest guilds were "frith" or "peace" guilds – groups bonded together for mutual protection following the breakdown of the kins, which were groups related by blood ties.
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before he could actually join the guild. If the masterpiece was not accepted by the masters, he was not allowed to join the guild and possibly remained a journeyman for the rest of his life.
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in 1992, after four years of assessment. Designed by heraldic expert Peter
Greenhill to reflect the many categories of guild membership, it features: three escutcheons (shields) to represent
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To become a master craftsman, it is usually required to have completed vocational training in the craft in which the examination is to be taken, culminating in a final examination called
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Merchant guilds – associations of international trades – were powerful in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but lost their ascendancy with the rise of the
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for running their own business or alternatively for higher positions at a company. The status of master craftsmen is regulated in the German
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as masters. The United States
Bartenders Guild grants bartenders the title of Master Mixologist through a series of tests.
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is at the same level as a bachelor's degree, even though it is not an academic degree and thus not directly comparable.
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and legal training. Additionally, it implies the qualification to train apprentices. These qualifications prepare the
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While for the most part guilds as such do not exist, many trades continue the apprentice-journeyman-master model:
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before he could be elected to become a master craftsman. He would then have to produce a sum of money and a
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231:(journeyman's examination). If these requirements are fulfilled, the candidate can take courses for the
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was who made things or provided services. Mastercraftsman was the superior, and expert craftsman called
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205:) and master craftsman have been retained even through modern times. For safety-relevant crafts, e.g.,
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Journeymen and master craftsmen are by law automatically members of their regional chamber of crafts (
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Hochschulzugang für beruflich qualifizierte
Bewerber ohne schulische Hochschulzugangsberechtigung
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Artisans, Sufis, Shrines: Colonial
Architecture in ... – Page 18 books.google.co.in › books
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Castle, which overlooks the guild's headquarters, is featured above the helmet as the crest.
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540:(in German). German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 16 May 2013. Archived from
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A master discusses a vacuum compressor with his apprentice boy and several other craftsmen.
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Master craftsman certificate – Handwerkskammer
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Guilds have been abolished in
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Industrial
Structure of India During Medieval Period – Page 43
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Craftsman
Selling Cases by a Teak Wood Building Ahmedabad, by
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534:"Der Deutsche Qualifikationsrahmen für Lebenslanges Lernen"
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qualifies the holder to study for a bachelor's degree at
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Medieval India: From
Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II
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432:and associate professors as journeymen and full
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620:Meister equivalent bachelor, German Government
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493:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 370.
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461:Hussain Ahmad Khan · 2014
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260:Qualifications Framework
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523:. ANKOM. 3 March 2009.
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54:(sometimes called only
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652:Industry (economics)
544:on 30 September 2015
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636:Categories
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434:professors
403:References
363:carpenters
248:university
107:apprentice
82:journeyman
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430:post-docs
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131:karkhanas
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623:Archived
517:Archived
422:academia
381:See also
375:plumbers
333:; and a
319:dovetail
307:building
303:stainers
299:painters
199:Lehrling
180:business
125:emperor
538:bmbf.de
331:joinery
295:artists
252:Meister
244:Meister
215:Meister
203:Geselle
184:Meister
169:Meister
164:Germany
142:Germany
121:of the
111:shagird
99:Artisan
93:History
49:master
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343:masons
339:chisel
262:, the
123:Mughal
117:. The
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351:Lewes
335:gavel
127:Akbar
103:ustad
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550:2016
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