276:
orbs, the first seven contain the planets and the eighth contain the fixed stars. The ninth and tenth orbs were named by
Mashallah the "Orb of Signs" and the "Great Orb", respectively. Both of these orbs are starless and move with the diurnal motion, but the tenth orb moves in the plane of the celestial equator while the ninth orb moves around poles that are inclined 24° with respect to the poles of the tenth orb. The ninth is also divided into twelve parts which are named after the zodiacal constellations that can be seen beneath them in the eighth orb. The eight and ninth orbs move around the same poles, but with different motion. The ninth orb moves with daily motion, so that the 12 signs are static with respect to the equinoxes, the eighth Orb of the Fixed Stars moves 1° in 100 years, so that the 12 zodiacal constellations are mobile with respect to the equinoxes. The eight and ninth orbs moving around the same poles also guarantees that the 12 stationary signs and the 12 mobile zodiacal constellations overlap. By describing the universe in such a manner, Mashallah was attempting to demonstrate the natural reality of the 12 signs by stressing that the stars are located with respect to the signs and that fundamental natural phenomena, such as the beginning of the seasons, changes of weather, and the passage of the months, take place in the sublunar domain when the sun enters the signs of the ninth orb.
293:
40:
275:
Mashallah postulated a ten-orb universe rather than the eight-orb model offered by
Aristotle and the nine-orb model that was popular in his time. In all Mashallah's planetary model ascribes 26 orbs to the universe, which account for the relative positioning and motion of the seven planets. Of the ten
472:
lines, covers many topics important to early cosmology. Postulating a ten-orb universe, it strays from traditional cosmology. Mashallah aimed at the lay reader and illustrated his main ideas with comprehensible diagrams. Two versions of the manuscript were printed: a short version (27 chapters)
250:
for the founding of the city, and building of an observatory. Attributed the author of 21 works, predominantly on astrology, Mashallah's authority was established over the centuries in the Middle East, and later in the West, when
166:
described
Mashallah "as virtuous and in his time a leader in the science of jurisprudence, i.e. the science of judgments of the stars". Mashallah served as a court astrologer for the Abbasid caliphate and wrote works on
279:
Mashallah was an advocate of the idea that the conjunctions of Saturn and
Jupiter dictate the timing of important events on Earth. These conjunctions, which occur about every twenty years, take place in the same
1275:
1628:
730:(ed. pr., Freiburg, 1503; Suter says the text is included in the Basel edition of 1583). Its contents primarily deal with the construction and usage of an astrolabe.
704:
for the substantial part of his astronomical definitions and descriptions, the non-correspondence suggests his probable source was another compilation. Skeat's
1758:
1753:
680:. Chaucer's description of the instrument expands upon Mashallah’s version; that Chaucer used the treatise by Mashallah was recognised by the English scholar
1768:
1763:
1703:
550:
1698:
708:
includes a collotype MS facsimile of the Latin version of the second part of
Mashallah’s work, which parallels Chaucer's. This is also found in
1464:
1241:
1693:
1658:
1748:
1678:
1519:. Vol. 1. Baltimore, Maryland: Published for the Carnegie Institution of Washington, by the Williams & Wilkins Co. p. 531.
1533:
1718:
1683:
1668:
1177:
1100:
761:
1117:
The Age of Faith: A History of
Medieval Civilization – Christian, Islamic, and Judaic – from Constantine to Dante A.D. 325–1300
190:
indicates a believer's acceptance of God's ordainment of good or ill fortune. His name is probably an Arabic rendering of the
1738:
1492:
1439:
1415:
1375:
1295:
1229:
1171:
1728:
1723:
259:
and an earlier type of astrology which casts consultation charts to divine the client's intention. The strong influence of
1434:. American Federation of Astrologers, Tempe, Arizona. pp. xii, 103, 104, 108–111, 114, 118, 126, 128, 129, 178, 299.
566:
appears based in part on a medieval Latin version of
Mashallah. Two-thirds of tract are part-paraphrase part-translation.
733:
In 1981, Paul
Kunitzsch argued that the treatise on the astrolabe long attributed to Mashallah is in fact written by
1688:
1663:
255:
was transmitted to Europe from the 12th century. His writings include both what would be recognized as traditional
1549:
584:
Eleven modern translations of
Mashallah's astrological treatises have been translated out of Latin into English.
461:) is the oldest known scientific work extant in Arabic, and the only work of his extant in its original Arabic.
1743:
1326:
1161:
1708:
1648:
1578:
1389:
751:
168:
1477:
1449:
Qiftī (al-), Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Yūsuf (1903), Lippert, Julius; Weicher, Theodor (eds.),
1360:
1276:"On the authenticity of the treatise on the composition and use of the astrolabe ascribed to Messahalla"
1733:
1250:
1221:
1115:
1092:
20:
1514:
1192:
674:
is not known, but most of his ‘conclusions’ can be traced to a Latin translation of
Mashallah's work,
1673:
1144:
756:
666:
292:
284:
for about two hundred years, and special significance is attached to a shift to another triplicity.
1617:
Pseudo-Masha’allah, On the Astrolabe: A Critical Edition of the Latin Text with English Translation
1408:
Pseudo-Masha’allah, On the Astrolabe: A Critical Edition of the Latin Text with English Translation
1322:
562:
1713:
1484:
1076:
516:
1633:
1620:
1005:
519:
of Jupiter and Saturn. A few fragments are extant as quotations by the Christian astrologer
1653:
1472:
1385:
1198:
688:
252:
244:
605:
by Abu Ma'shar al Balkhi; Latin translation : John of Sevilla Hispalenis et Limiensis
8:
1362:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
1105:
260:
1598:
1346:
1262:
701:
486:
264:
1072:
1602:
1590:
1567:
Thorndike, Lynn (1956). "The Latin Translations of Astrological Works by Messahala".
1555:
1520:
1498:
1488:
1458:
1435:
1411:
1395:
1391:
A Treatise on the Astrolabe: addressed to his son Lowys by Geoffrey Chaucer A.D. 1391
1371:
1350:
1338:
1291:
1266:
1225:
1202:
1167:
1148:
1135:
1122:
557:
Other astronomical and astrological writings are quoted by Suter and Steinschneider.
63:
296:
1582:
1569:
1330:
1283:
1254:
661:
570:
543:, has been partially translated into English from a Latin translation of the Arabic
256:
209:
139:
531:
De rebus eclipsium et de conjunctionibus planetarum in revolutionibus annorm mundi
1429:
1367:
1313:
1215:
191:
105:
1545:
1188:
709:
671:
1524:
1502:
1399:
1258:
1206:
1642:
1594:
1559:
1510:
1342:
1126:
746:
734:
721:
357:); Book known as The Seventh & Decimal (Ch.1 – The Beginning of Actions (
135:
1152:
468:
was a cosmological treatise. This comprehensive account of the cosmos along
1616:
1407:
1334:
163:
155:
124:
1287:
1540:. Vol. 2. London; New York: Funk and Wagnall's Company. p. 249.
685:
681:
520:
465:
39:
637:
497:, in 1504 and 1549, respectively. This work is commonly abbreviated to
281:
236:
131:
127:
93:
45:
1308:"Maimonides and Mashallah on the Ninth Orb of the Signs and Astrology"
1307:
651:
494:
469:
247:
232:
185:
151:
44:
Māshāʾallāh gazing at the sky, from the 15th-century manuscript BnF
1586:
647:
240:
573:
translated two of Mashallah's astrological treatises into Hebrew:
315:) (14vols); The Twenty-One On Conjunctions, Religions and Sects (
1137:
The Fihrist of al-Nadim: a Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture
490:
435:); Prediction (Judgement) Based on Conjunctions and Oppositions (
225:
159:
147:
81:
158:, and was among those who introduced astrology and astronomy to
1239:
Lorch, R.P. (2013). "The Astrological History of Māshā'allāh".
626:, trans. Benjamin Dykes, Cazimi Press, Golden Valley, MN, 2008.
229:
179:
911:
909:
172:
143:
59:
633:, trans. Robert Hand, ARHAT Publications, Reston, VA, 1998.
213:
67:
906:
867:
865:
863:
861:
447:); Predictions (Judgements) Based On Constellations (Ṣūr)(
387:); Ch.6 Movement and Indications of the Two Luminaries ) (
1551:
Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke
599:
Epistola de rebus eclipsium et conjunctionibus planetarum
224:
As a young man Mashallah participated in the founding of
987:
938:
936:
858:
1554:(in German). Leipzig: Teubner. pp. 3, 5, 9, 228.
1015:
1013:
16:
8/9th century Persian Jewish astrologer and astronomer
1037:
975:
423:); Revolution (Transfer) of the Years of Nativities (
1049:
933:
694:
While Mark Harvey Liddell held that Chaucer drew on
581:(Steinschneider, "Hebr. Uebers." pp. 600–603).
200:
194:
183:
1025:
1010:
963:
953:
951:
921:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
780:Latin translators called him many variants such as
1476:
1359:
1306:
1114:
896:
894:
892:
549:is available in English from the Latin edition by
527:Liber Messahallaede revoltione liber annorum mundi
1166:. Translated by Dykes, Benjamin N. Cazimi Press.
877:
654:, which was translated from Arabic into Latin as
1640:
1197:. Early Science in Oxford. Vol. 5. Oxford:
948:
660:, is the first known of its kind. The source of
889:
146:(in present day Iraq) during the reigns of the
1242:The British Journal for the History of Science
1759:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
1754:8th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
1121:. Vol. 4. New York: Simon and Schuster.
614:De significationibus planetarum in nativitate
464:One of Mashallah's most popular works in the
333:); Construction and Operation of Astrolabes (
840:
830:
684:in 1613 and established for certain by the
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
1769:9th-century Jews from the Abbasid Caliphate
1764:8th-century Jews from the Abbasid Caliphate
1626:A facsimile of the 1504 edition of Durer's
725:
695:
675:
655:
515:was an astrological world history based on
506:
498:
480:
474:
300:
1463:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
38:
1704:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
1314:Historical Studies in Science and Judaism
1273:
1098:. In Hockey, Thomas; et al. (eds.).
1070:
1043:
993:
825:Dodge notes that the Arabic word written
318:الواحد والعشرين في قرانات والأديان والملل
1101:Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
1090:
915:
657:De Astrolabii Compositione et Ultilitate
569:The 12th-century scholar and astrologer
479:, and an expanded version (40 chapters)
363:); Ch.2 – Averting What Is Predestined (
291:
1194:Chaucer and Messahalla on the Astrolabe
1187:
1031:
762:List of Persian scientists and scholars
1699:Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate
1641:
1516:Introduction to the History of Science
1112:
981:
513:On Conjunctions, Religions, and People
485:. The short version was translated by
429:); Governments (Dynasties) and Sects (
299:'s illustration for the title page of
199:. Al-Nadim writes Mashallah's name as
1384:
1357:
1238:
1159:
1133:
1055:
1019:
969:
957:
942:
927:
871:
1304:
1213:
900:
883:
375:); Ch.4 – Testimonies of the Stars (
1694:9th-century Arabic-language writers
1659:8th-century Arabic-language writers
999:
841:
831:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
109:
13:
1749:9th-century Iranian mathematicians
1679:8th-century Iranian mathematicians
1421:
714:Chaucer and Messahala on Astrology
235:in 762 by working with a group of
14:
1780:
1610:
1431:A History of Horoscopic Astrology
1093:"Māshāʾallāh ibn Atharī (Sāriya)"
677:Compositio et Operatio Astrolabii
438:الحكم على الاجتماعات والاستقبالات
1160:Dykes, Benjamin N., ed. (2008).
1719:Jews from the Abbasid Caliphate
1684:9th-century Iranian astronomers
1669:8th-century Iranian astronomers
1410:. Toronto: Volumes Publishing.
1394:. London: N. Trubner & Co.
1217:Islamic Science and Engineering
1075:. Translated by Power, Afaula.
835:) “prices”, should probably be
819:
609:De revolutionibus annorum mundi
587:
117: 740 – 815
1327:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
774:
1:
1532:Singer, Isidore, ed. (1902).
1479:The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
1163:Works of Sahl and Masha'allah
1073:"An Irish Astronomical Tract"
852:
624:Works of Sahl and Masha'allah
529:, a work on revolutions, and
270:
113:
1739:Medieval Iranian astrologers
390:تسيير النيرين وما يدلان عليه
321:); The Projection of Rays (
219:
7:
1729:Medieval Jewish astronomers
1724:Medieval Jewish astrologers
1579:University of Chicago Press
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
752:Astrology in medieval Islam
740:
336:صنعة الإسطرلابات والعمل بها
201:
195:
184:
10:
1785:
1251:Cambridge University Press
1222:Edinburgh University Press
1064:
216:is named after Mashallah.
21:Mashallah (disambiguation)
18:
1259:10.1017/s0007087400012644
1145:Columbia University Press
1143:. Vol. 2. New York:
757:Jewish views of astrology
706:Treatise of the Astrolabe
667:Treatise on the Astrolabe
640:Treatise on the Astrolabe
603:De magnis conjunctionibus
369:); Ch.3 – On Questions (
339:); The Armillary Sphere (
89:
74:
52:
37:
30:
1406:Thomson, Ron B. (2022).
1323:Indiana University Press
1274:Kunitzsch, Paul (1989).
1214:Hill, Donald R. (1994).
1189:Gunther, Robert Theodore
767:
563:Irish Astronomical Tract
507:Texts & Translations
493:). Both were printed in
453:); Mashallah's treatise
309:The Big Book of Births (
287:
267:is evident in his work.
205:("Yithru" or "Jethro").
1689:9th-century astrologers
1664:8th-century astrologers
1629:De scientia motus orbis
1538:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1485:Oxford University Press
1358:Selin, Helaine (1997).
1280:The Arabs and the Stars
1077:University College Cork
718:De elementis et orbibus
539:under its Arabic title
482:De elementis et orbibus
476:De scientia motus orbis
302:De scientia motus orbis
1634:Bavarian State Library
1621:University of Oklahoma
1453:, Leipzig, p. 327
1428:Holden, James (2006).
1335:10.2979/aleph.12.1.101
1134:Dodge, Bayard (1970).
1091:Belenkiy, Ari (2007).
727:Margarita phylosophica
726:
696:
676:
656:
499:
481:
475:
381:); Ch.5 – Happenings (
306:
301:
175:translations survive.
102:Māshāʾallāh ibn Atharī
32:Masha'allah ibn Athari
1744:Medieval Iranian Jews
1473:Robinson, Fred Norris
1386:Skeat, Walter William
1305:Sela, Shlomo (2012).
1288:10.4324/9781315241340
1113:Durant, Will (1950).
638:Source for Chaucer's
553:of Nuremberg in 1549.
533:, a work on eclipses.
295:
123:, was an 8th century
1366:. Berlin; New York:
1199:University of Oxford
1183:on 14 November 2009.
689:Walter William Skeat
345:); Rains and Winds (
312:كتاب المواليد الكبير
253:horoscopic astrology
241:Naubakht the Persian
162:. The bibliographer
110:ما شاء الله إبن أثري
84:, Abbasid Caliphate
19:For other uses, see
1106:Springer Publishers
1071:Anonymous (2018) .
918:, pp. 740–741.
874:, pp. 650–651.
351:); The Two Arrows (
261:Hermes Trismegistus
169:astrology in Arabic
1709:Jewish astronomers
1649:8th-century births
702:John de Sacrobosco
541:Kitab al – Mawalid
487:Gherardo Cremonese
450:الصور والحكم عليها
426:تحويل سني المواليد
307:
138:. Originally from
1734:People from Basra
1494:978-0-19-281157-8
1441:978-0-86690-463-6
1416:978-1-7782705-2-9
1377:978-1-4020-4960-6
1297:978-1-315-24134-0
1231:978-0-7486-0457-9
1220:. Edinburgh, UK:
1173:978-19345-8-602-0
99:
98:
64:Abbasid Caliphate
1776:
1674:8th-century Jews
1606:
1563:
1541:
1528:
1506:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1451:Tarīkh al-Ḥukamā
1445:
1403:
1381:
1365:
1354:
1310:
1301:
1270:
1249:(4). Cambridge:
1235:
1210:
1184:
1182:
1176:. Archived from
1156:
1142:
1130:
1120:
1109:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
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1008:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
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955:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
904:
898:
887:
881:
875:
869:
846:
845:) “perceptions”.
844:
843:
834:
833:
823:
817:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
778:
729:
720:was included in
699:
679:
662:Geoffrey Chaucer
659:
619:Liber receptioni
571:Abraham ibn Ezra
502:
484:
478:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
433:
428:
427:
422:
421:
417:) ; Nativities (
416:
415:
411:); Preceptions (
410:
409:
405:); The Journey (
404:
403:
398:
397:
393:); The Letters (
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
331:
327:); The Meaning (
326:
325:
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319:
314:
313:
304:
257:horary astrology
204:
198:
189:
118:
115:
111:
42:
28:
27:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1639:
1638:
1613:
1566:
1546:Suter, Heinrich
1544:
1531:
1509:
1495:
1475:, ed. (1974) .
1471:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1424:
1422:Further reading
1378:
1368:Springer Nature
1298:
1232:
1180:
1174:
1140:
1095:
1081:
1079:
1067:
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1054:
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1042:
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1018:
1011:
1006:Selden, p.xliii
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
949:
945:, p. viii.
941:
934:
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914:
907:
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890:
882:
878:
870:
859:
855:
850:
849:
824:
820:
779:
775:
770:
743:
644:
601:(distinct from
590:
509:
399:); The Sultan (
366:على دفع التدبير
348:الأمطار والرياح
290:
273:
222:
116:
85:
79:
70:
57:
48:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1782:
1772:
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1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1714:Court scholars
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1619:from SHAREOK (
1612:
1611:External links
1609:
1608:
1607:
1587:10.1086/368596
1564:
1542:
1529:
1511:Sarton, George
1507:
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1185:
1172:
1157:
1131:
1110:
1088:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1058:, p. 135.
1048:
1044:Kunitzsch 1989
1036:
1024:
1009:
998:
996:, p. 194.
994:Anonymous 2018
986:
984:, p. 403.
974:
972:, p. 651.
962:
947:
932:
930:, p. vii.
920:
905:
888:
876:
856:
854:
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847:
818:
772:
771:
769:
766:
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749:
742:
739:
710:Robert Gunther
672:Middle English
643:
636:
635:
634:
627:
621:
616:
611:
606:
596:
594:De cogitatione
589:
586:
555:
554:
551:Joachim Heller
544:
534:
524:
508:
505:
378:شهادات الكواكب
360:ابتداء الأعمال
297:Albrecht Dürer
289:
286:
272:
269:
221:
218:
142:, he lived in
125:Persian Jewish
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
80:
78:815 (aged 75)
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1289:
1285:
1282:. Routledge.
1281:
1277:
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1089:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1052:
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1040:
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1028:
1022:, p. 88.
1021:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
952:
944:
939:
937:
929:
924:
917:
916:Belenkiy 2007
912:
910:
902:
897:
895:
893:
886:, p. 10.
885:
880:
873:
868:
866:
864:
862:
857:
838:
828:
822:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
777:
773:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:Liber de orbe
745:
744:
738:
736:
735:Ibn al-Saffar
731:
728:
723:
722:Gregor Reisch
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
692:
690:
687:
683:
678:
673:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
649:
641:
632:
629:Masha'Allah,
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
604:
600:
597:
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558:
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511:
510:
504:
501:
496:
492:
488:
483:
477:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
441:); The Sick (
303:
298:
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285:
283:
277:
268:
266:
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242:
238:
234:
231:
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217:
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206:
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197:
193:
188:
187:
186:mā shā’ Allāh
181:
176:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:mathematician
133:
129:
126:
122:
107:
103:
95:
92:
88:
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1627:
1574:
1568:
1550:
1537:
1515:
1478:
1450:
1430:
1390:
1361:
1318:
1312:
1279:
1246:
1240:
1216:
1193:
1178:the original
1162:
1136:
1116:
1104:. New York:
1099:
1080:. Retrieved
1051:
1039:
1032:Gunther 1920
1027:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
923:
879:
836:
826:
821:
776:
732:
717:
713:
705:
693:
665:
646:Mashallah's
645:
639:
631:On Reception
630:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
598:
593:
588:Bibliography
583:
578:
574:
568:
561:
559:
556:
547:On Reception
546:
540:
536:
530:
526:
517:conjunctions
512:
470:Aristotelian
463:
458:
454:
432:الدول والملل
308:
278:
274:
223:
207:
177:
164:ibn al-Nadim
120:
119:), known as
101:
100:
25:
1654:810s deaths
1534:"Astronomy"
1329:: 101–134.
982:Durant 1950
686:philologist
682:John Selden
521:Ibn Hibinta
489:(Gerard of
466:Middle Ages
455:De mercibus
324:مطرح الشعاع
243:to pick an
237:astrologers
208:The crater
1643:Categories
1623:Libraries)
1525:1157182492
1503:1151783928
1483:. London:
1400:1129737770
1207:1042928106
1056:Selin 1997
1020:Skeat 1872
970:Dodge 1970
958:Lorch 2013
943:Dykes 2008
928:Dykes 2008
872:Dodge 1970
853:References
813:Messahalah
789:Messahalla
697:De Sphaera
670:(1391) in
537:Nativities
372:في المسائل
282:triplicity
271:Philosophy
245:electional
132:astronomer
128:astrologer
94:Astronomer
90:Occupation
46:Latin 7432
1632:from the
1603:142988162
1595:0369-7827
1581:: 49–72.
1560:230703086
1351:170422340
1343:1565-1525
1267:145491804
1127:869431083
901:Sela 2012
884:Hill 1994
837:al-ash’ār
807:Macelarma
801:Macellama
783:Messahala
652:astrolabe
495:Nuremberg
459:On Prices
342:ذات الحلق
265:Dorotheus
248:horoscope
233:al-Manṣūr
220:Biography
156:al-Ma’mūn
152:al-Manṣūr
121:Mashallah
1548:(1900).
1513:(1962).
1459:citation
1388:(1872).
1191:(1920).
1153:59215780
827:al-as’ār
741:See also
648:treatise
575:She'elot
420:المواليد
150:caliphs
140:Khorasan
1065:Sources
842:الأشعار
832:الأسعار
795:Messala
650:on the
500:De orbe
491:Cremona
414:الأسعار
402:السلطان
354:السهمين
330:المعاني
239:led by
226:Baghdad
212:on the
210:Messala
182:phrase
171:. Some
160:Baghdad
148:Abbasid
82:Baghdad
1601:
1593:
1577:(12).
1570:Osiris
1558:
1523:
1501:
1491:
1438:
1414:
1398:
1374:
1349:
1341:
1294:
1265:
1228:
1205:
1170:
1151:
1125:
1082:10 May
804:, and
642:(1391)
579:Ḳadrut
444:المرضى
396:الحروف
384:الحدوث
305:(1504)
230:Caliph
196:Shiluh
192:Hebrew
180:Arabic
134:, and
106:Arabic
1599:S2CID
1347:S2CID
1321:(1).
1263:S2CID
1181:(PDF)
1141:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
768:Notes
408:السفر
288:Works
202:Mīshā
173:Latin
144:Basra
60:Basra
1591:ISSN
1556:OCLC
1521:OCLC
1499:OCLC
1489:ISBN
1465:link
1436:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1396:OCLC
1372:ISBN
1339:ISSN
1292:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1203:OCLC
1168:ISBN
1149:OCLC
1123:OCLC
1084:2023
712:'s,
577:and
560:The
263:and
228:for
214:Moon
178:The
154:and
75:Died
68:Iraq
53:Born
1583:doi
1331:doi
1284:doi
1255:doi
724:'s
700:of
664:'s
62:,
56:740
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1461:}}
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1245:.
1224:.
1201:.
1147:.
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908:^
891:^
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810:,
798:,
792:,
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114:c.
112:;
108::
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1585::
1562:.
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1467:)
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1402:.
1380:.
1353:.
1333::
1300:.
1286::
1269:.
1257::
1247:6
1234:.
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1129:.
1108:.
1086:.
1046:.
1034:.
960:.
903:.
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829:(
816:.
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