1730:
242:
1330:, but it can vary because tone is the most salient indicator of the distinction between subject and object roles. What determines the order in a clause is topicality since the order, in the most simple clauses, can be predicted according to the information structure pattern: . Thus, if the object is highly topical in the discourse (e.g. a first-person pronoun), and the subject is less topical, the object occurs right after the verb and before the subject.
1671:
threatened and their cultural integrity threatened. The minority status that the language currently faces has already threatened traditional Maasai practices. Fewer and fewer groups of Maasai continue to be nomadic in the region, choosing to settle instead in close-knit communities to keep their language and other aspects of their culture alive.
1670:
The Maasai way of life is embedded in their language. Specifically, the economic systems of trade that the Maasai rely on to maintain their nomadic way of life, rely on the survival of the Maasai language, even in its minority status. With language endangerment, the Maasai people would continue to be
1666:
has led to a reduction in the speakers of Maasai. In
Tanzania, former President Nyerere encouraged the adoption of Swahili as an official language to unite the many different ethnic groups in Tanzania, as well as English to compete on a global scale. Although the Maasai language, often referred to as
1557:
Pronouns in Maa usually assign gender (male, female, or place); if gender is unknown, the meaning of the noun in context usually refers to a gender. For example, the context of a female might include working in the house, and a male gender would be implied if the action referred to work outside the
956:
being "neutral" in this system. In Maasai, advanced tongue vowels only co-occur with other advanced tongue vowels (i.e. /i e o u/) and /a/, whereas non-advanced tongue vowels (i.e. /ɪ ɛ ʊ ɔ/) only co-occur with each other and with /a/. Note that tones play no role in the harmony system.
1582:, which contains a grammar of the Maasai language, along with texts in Maasai and English translation. The texts include stories, myths, proverbs, riddles, and songs (lyrics but no music), along with customs and beliefs explained in Maasai. Here are some of the proverbs:
1597:" "There is not such a thing in the world as a sheep of many colours (i.e. a sheep of two or even three colours is common enough, but one of more than three colors is unknown; this saying is used to express incredulity at an improbable story)." (#5)
1627:" "What are my warriors like? I have many of them, and one goes out to look after the cattle. The rafters of the hut (in Masai huts all the rafters are hidden except one which protrudes beyond the door; it is said to be watching the cattle)." (#2)
1667:
Maa, has survived despite the mass influx of
English and Swahili education systems, economic plans, and more, the socioeconomic climate that the Maasai people face in East Africa keeps them, and their language, as an under-represented minority.
1551:"Who has come?" would be asked if the gender of the visitor were known. The noun would be preceded by a gendered prefix. If the gender of the visitor were unknown, "It is who that has come?" would be the literal question.
2012:
Karani, M. Kotikash, L. and
Sentero, P. 2014. A Unified Standard Orthography for Maa Languages, Kenya and Tanzania: Arusa, Ilchamus, Maasai/Kisongo, Parakuyu, Samburu, Monograph series No. 257. Cape Town,
395:
In the table of consonant phonemes below, phonemes are represented with IPA symbols. When IPA conventions differ from symbols normally used in practical writing, the latter are given in angle brackets.
1991:
Andrason, A. and Karani, M. 2019. Dative applicative elements in Arusa (Maa) – A canonical approach to the argument-adjunct distinction. Stellenbosch Papers in
Linguistics Plus. Vol. 58, 177-204.
2005:
Andrason, A. and Karani, M. 2017. Radial
Categories in Syntax: Non-Resumptive Left Dislocation in Arusa. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 134(2), pp. 205-218.
1558:
home. Maasai uses place as a personal pronoun because place can help identify male or female (i.e. an action occurring in the house will almost always be done by a female).
1566:
Present tense in Maasai includes habitual actions, such as "I wake up" or "I cook breakfast". Past tense refers only to a past action, not to a specific time or place.
3327:
2002:
Andrason, A. and Karani, M. 2017. The perfective form in Arusa – A cognitive-grammaticalization model. Asian and
African Studies, 26:1, pp. 69-101.
2543:
1658:. Maasai speakers engage in frequent trade using their language. However, close contact with other ethnic groups in East Africa and the rise of
4371:
1138:
on vowels to represent tones. In this system, level tones are not represented, so that /ā ē ū/ etc. are represented as ⟨a e u⟩ and so forth.
1831:. University of Oregon and Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 160–163 – via Studies in African Linguistics Volume 27, Number 2.
2087:
1615:" "The hyena said: It is not only that I have luck, but my leg is strong (i.e. I have luck, it is true, but I have had to work)." (#20)
1520:
for feminine), although other word classes such as demonstratives may also index gender. Although words belong to a given class (e.g.
756:(e.g. IlKeekonyokie Maa), but for others, they are lightly implosive or have a glottalic feature (e.g. Parakuyo Maa). In Arusha Maa,
1345:
prefix or a gender-number prefix, followed by a quantifying noun or other head noun. Other modifiers follow the head noun, including
617:
1352:
In Maasai, many morphemes are tone patterns. The tone pattern affects the case, voice and aspect of words, as in the example below:
3320:
2016:
Karani, M. (2018) "Syntactic categories and the verb-argument complex in
Parakuyo Maasai". PhD Thesis, Stellenbosch University.
1823:
853:
347:
of
Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as
2536:
1933:
1873:
696:
669:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
3572:
3359:
3313:
982:
942:
865:
119:
948:. In Maasai words, only certain combinations of vowels co-occur in the same word (i.e. vowel harmony), with the vowel
353:. Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to the language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa".
1554:
Adjectives in Maa serve only to describe the noun, and they change tenses depending on the noun that they describe.
289:
4381:
2080:
791:
783:
584:
1949:
McCabe, T. (Summer 2003). "Sustainability and
Livelihood Diversification among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania".
1123:
882:
1641:" "What does your mother resemble? She is long and yet she does not reach up to a sheep's udder. The road." (#8)
4351:
2529:
900:
17:
1604:" "Coals laugh at the ashes (not knowing that the same fate which has befallen them will befall it)." Also: *"
1337:
but can use "relational nouns", along with a most general preposition, to designate specific locative ideas.
1793:
199:
4215:
3944:
2669:
891:
763:
577:
757:
737:
727:
4356:
2976:
2162:
2073:
1634:" "I have two skins, one to lie on and the other to cover myself with. The bare ground and the sky." (#5)
1327:
909:
835:
594:
4174:
3893:
2060:
951:
925:
777:
705:
497:
490:
134:
4010:
3856:
3336:
3274:
2696:
2646:
2636:
2599:
949:
789:
781:
769:
761:
540:
532:
308:
129:
114:
1729:
4376:
3290:
2848:
2744:
2631:
844:
548:
1608:" "The firewood which has been cut ready for burning laughs at that which is beign consumed." (#6)
4160:
4131:
3684:
2305:
1760:
1512:
in Maasai: feminine, masculine, and place. Noun classes are often indexed via prefixes on nouns (
506:
4361:
3798:
3468:
3346:
2325:
2217:
556:
414:
108:
31:
4101:
3473:
3428:
3072:
2820:
2774:
2552:
1131:
771:
644:
449:
442:
4065:
3803:
3725:
3446:
2489:
456:
3994:
1861:
8:
3901:
3788:
3415:
3128:
3009:
2948:
2448:
2242:
1575:
525:
376:
3185:
4200:
4183:
3939:
3921:
3539:
3394:
3208:
3152:
3004:
2270:
2252:
2207:
2096:
2061:
Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash: English-Maasai and Maasai-English dictionary
1215:
466:
409:
380:
4280:
2363:
232:
4228:
3843:
3817:
3195:
3082:
2924:
2904:
2878:
2706:
2453:
2333:
2295:
661:
635:
429:
419:
124:
3624:
1126:, namely ⟨ɛ ɨ ŋ ɔ ʉ⟩, where the barred letters represent the near-close vowels. The
4300:
4233:
4080:
3989:
3916:
3760:
3717:
3655:
3588:
3534:
3516:
3451:
3441:
3375:
3264:
3203:
3170:
3123:
3014:
2989:
2984:
2883:
2764:
2719:
2571:
2566:
2463:
2443:
2423:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2378:
2368:
2280:
2202:
2115:
1992:
1659:
1651:
753:
721:
602:
404:
328:
266:
241:
4075:
35:
4366:
4305:
4238:
4205:
4192:
4147:
3949:
3911:
3881:
3793:
3730:
3707:
3670:
3665:
3603:
3544:
3526:
3511:
3503:
3463:
3457:
3409:
3388:
3228:
3223:
3175:
3160:
3133:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3044:
3019:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2929:
2914:
2909:
2888:
2873:
2863:
2843:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2749:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2590:
2468:
2458:
2438:
2433:
2418:
2403:
2358:
2348:
2300:
2275:
2222:
2192:
2182:
2167:
2134:
2006:
1780:
689:
683:
424:
336:
100:
1650:
The Maasai have resisted the expansion of
European languages as well as that of
4332:
4264:
4248:
4243:
4223:
4155:
4111:
4106:
4085:
4060:
4025:
3983:
3959:
3954:
3782:
3765:
3745:
3660:
3650:
3629:
3619:
3404:
3399:
3269:
3259:
3243:
3233:
3180:
3138:
3118:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3052:
3029:
3024:
2999:
2994:
2919:
2868:
2858:
2810:
2794:
2784:
2759:
2754:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2626:
2473:
2428:
2373:
2353:
2315:
2310:
2290:
2265:
2260:
2237:
2227:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2110:
1685:
332:
147:
138:
4345:
4126:
4116:
4045:
4035:
4030:
3969:
3906:
3871:
3735:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3634:
3549:
3493:
3436:
3213:
3057:
2934:
2853:
2838:
2828:
2734:
2691:
2621:
2616:
2285:
2232:
2212:
2152:
2147:
1717:
1694:, a people who almost completely abandoned their language in favour of Maasai
1680:
1663:
1342:
945:
817:
608:
324:
320:
156:
151:
142:
81:
3305:
4070:
3876:
3165:
3034:
2833:
1691:
1625:
Aata 'l-muran lainei kumok, naa obo oipungoki 'n-gishu. Il-loom le-'ng-aji.
1334:
1285:
1178:
1119:
513:
344:
340:
216:
2714:
2505:
1655:
1338:
1127:
812:
2521:
1722:
1697:
1509:
1346:
829:
822:
436:
1700:, a people who completely abandoned their language in favour of Maasai
383:
has a very productive role, conveying a wide range of grammatical and
2065:
1996:
1135:
917:
876:
569:
384:
225:
209:
191:
30:"Maa language" redirects here. For the Southeast Asian language, see
2055:
372:
316:
63:
323:, numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other
479:
299:
4121:
3238:
2338:
2044:(Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 9). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
2042:
The Eastern Nilotes. Linguistic and historical reconstructions
2510:
941:
A feature that Maasai shares with the other Maa languages is
368:
312:
275:
59:
1639:
Anake eado ngutunyi nemebaiki e-nyawa e-'n-gerr? Eng-oitoi.
1534:“God”), some roots can also occur with both prefixes (e.g.
281:
2033:
Tucker, Archibald N. & Mpaayei, J. Tompo Ole (1955)
1688:, the language of a Bantu enclave in Maasai territory
290:
278:
2037:. London/New York/Toronto: Longmans, Green & Co.
1781:
Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists
1590:" "The night has ears (cf. "walls have ears")." (#3)
2030:(Maasai Centre Lemek). Narok: Mill Hill Missionary.
1333:The Maasai language has only two fully grammatical
375:has 30 contrasting phonemes, including a series of
272:
269:
1632:Aata 'n-dapan ainei are naarisyo. Eng-ai o en-gap.
343:(sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and
1783:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 20–21
1613:Etejo ol-ngojine: Mme ake amunyak, keju nemaagol.
1606:Ekwenikye ol-chata otii ol-tiren ol-otii en-gima.
1492:3P-remove.one.by.one-IPFV.MID DEF.FEM.SG-pot(NOM)
804:There are nine vowel phoneme qualities in Maasai
4343:
752:For some speakers, implosive consonants are not
73:Central and Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania
1420:3P-remove.one.by.one-PFV.SG DEF.FEM.SG-pot(ACC)
760:is typically realized as a voiceless fricative
2007:https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.17.014.7088
768:, but in some words, it can be a voiced trill
3335:
3321:
2537:
2081:
2021:Lessons in Maa: a grammar of Maasai language
1968:Nicholson, N. (2005). "Meeting the Maasai".
1435:
1363:
1439:
362:
348:
3328:
3314:
2544:
2530:
2088:
2074:
1142:Tone representation in Maasai orthography
2551:
2028:Maasai dictionary: language & culture
1967:
1367:
3571:
3358:
1825:Maasai gender in typological perspective
240:
1862:The Masai: Their Language and Folklore.
1468:
1464:
1460:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1371:
1122:with additional letters taken from the
14:
4344:
2095:
1948:
1580:The Masai: Their Language and Folklore
1134:(e.g. ⟨rr⟩ for /r/, ⟨sh⟩ for /ʃ), and
3841:
3840:
3570:
3357:
3309:
2525:
2069:
1944:
1942:
1844:
1821:
1758:
788:occurring following a consonant, and
93:1.5 million (2009 census – 2016)
1847:The Maasai Language: an Introduction
1840:
1838:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1754:
1752:
1561:
1443:
1595:Eitu-kidol ti-oreren en-gerr sambu.
24:
1961:
1939:
1744:The Linguistics Student’s Handbook
1711:
1569:
1423:"She removed (meat) from the pot."
25:
4393:
2049:
1849:. IN: Bloomington. pp. 1–15.
1835:
1810:
1749:
1113:
924:
908:
899:
890:
881:
864:
852:
843:
834:
704:
695:
668:
643:
616:
593:
583:
576:
555:
547:
539:
531:
512:
505:
496:
489:
465:
455:
448:
441:
331:(or Sampur), the language of the
2035:A Maasai grammar with vocabulary
1728:
1456:
1384:
936:
339:, spoken south and southeast of
265:
1984:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1503:
1321:
1867:
1853:
1786:
1773:
1736:
1619:Here are some of the riddles:
34:. For the mixed language, see
13:
1:
4372:Verb–subject–object languages
1970:Journal of Management Inquiry
1704:
1094:“To have a good opportunity”
390:
3347:Nilo-Saharan language family
1118:Maasai is writing using the
356:
311:language spoken in Southern
7:
1761:"The Maasai (Maa) Language"
1674:
1602:Ekwenikye 'n-guk in-guruon.
10:
4398:
1859:Hollis, Alfred C. (1905).
778:complementary distribution
776:. The sounds and occur in
29:
4326:
4293:
4273:
4257:
4214:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4146:
4094:
4053:
4044:
4018:
4009:
3968:
3932:
3892:
3864:
3855:
3851:
3836:
3816:
3774:
3753:
3744:
3716:
3683:
3643:
3612:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3566:
3525:
3502:
3486:
3427:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3353:
3343:
3337:Eastern Sudanic languages
3283:
3252:
3194:
3151:
3111:
3043:
2975:
2947:
2897:
2819:
2803:
2705:
2660:
2609:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2559:
2498:
2482:
2391:
2324:
2251:
2133:
2124:
2103:
1779:Payne, Thomas E. (1997).
1588:Eata en-gewarie 'n-giyaa.
1082:
1077:
1035:
1030:
988:
981:
875:
828:
799:
682:
660:
601:
568:
478:
435:
401:
223:
207:
189:
184:
97:
87:
77:
69:
55:
48:
43:
3823:Large group listed below
1759:Payne, Doris L. (2008).
1645:
27:Eastern Nilotic language
4382:Vowel-harmony languages
3291:7 school sign languages
2023:. Lemek: Maasai Center.
1449:
1428:
1377:
1356:
363:
349:
2040:Vossen, Rainer (1982)
1326:Word order is usually
1000:“S/he will pierce it”
471:⟨ŋ ~ ng⟩
367:as spoken in southern
361:The Maasai variety of
246:
32:Maa language (Vietnam)
4352:Languages of Tanzania
3345:Part of the proposed
3253:Isolates/unclassified
2553:Languages of Tanzania
1845:Munke, David (2015).
1822:Payne, Doris (1998).
1489:ɛ̀-ɛ́t-a ɛn-mʊ́ti(HL)
1032:Retracted tongue root
965:Tongue root position
518:⟨' ~ ʔ⟩
244:
2490:Kenyan Sign Language
2056:Maa language project
1798:darkwing.uoregon.edu
1742:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
1417:ɛ̀-ɛ́t-á ɛn-mʊtí(LH)
1047:“S/he will prosper”
984:Advanced tongue root
943:advanced tongue root
377:implosive consonants
252:(previously spelled
3945:Lango (South Sudan)
2670:Central Kilimanjaro
2392:Immigrant languages
1576:Alfred Claud Hollis
1438:-remove.one.by.one-
1366:-remove.one.by.one-
1328:verb–subject–object
1143:
961:
4357:Languages of Kenya
3275:"Serengeti-Dorobo"
2560:Official languages
2163:Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki
2104:Official languages
2097:Languages of Kenya
2026:Mol, Frans (1996)
2019:Mol, Frans (1995)
1951:Human Organization
1141:
960:
741:⟨yi⟩
731:⟨wu⟩
649:⟨rr⟩
461:⟨ny⟩
335:of central Kenya,
247:
4339:
4338:
4333:extinct languages
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4289:
4288:
4169:
4168:
4142:
4141:
4005:
4004:
3844:Nilotic languages
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3812:
3811:
3679:
3678:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3482:
3481:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3147:
3146:
2943:
2942:
2519:
2518:
2387:
2386:
1726:(21st ed., 2018)
1562:Tense-aspect-mood
1319:
1318:
1111:
1110:
934:
933:
870:⟨ʉ⟩
858:⟨ɨ⟩
750:
749:
710:⟨y⟩
622:⟨r⟩
561:⟨g⟩
303:
239:
238:
16:(Redirected from
4389:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4051:
4050:
4016:
4015:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3751:
3750:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3584:
3568:
3567:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3355:
3354:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3306:
2697:West Kilimanjaro
2607:
2606:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2131:
2130:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2066:
1997:10.5842/58-0-842
1978:
1977:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1715:
1508:There are three
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1144:
1140:
1065:/ kɪ̄ʊ́tɪ̄ʃɔ̄ /
962:
959:
955:
928:
912:
903:
894:
885:
871:
868:
859:
856:
847:
838:
807:
806:
795:
787:
775:
767:
759:
742:
739:
732:
729:
724:
711:
708:
699:
692:
672:
650:
647:
638:
623:
620:
611:
597:
587:
580:
562:
559:
551:
543:
535:
528:
519:
516:
509:
500:
493:
486:
472:
469:
462:
459:
452:
445:
399:
398:
366:
352:
298:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
264:
235:
219:
212:
203:
202:
194:
120:Southern Eastern
103:
41:
40:
21:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4377:Tonal languages
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4310:
4285:
4269:
4253:
4210:
4165:
4138:
4090:
4040:
4001:
3964:
3928:
3888:
3847:
3842:
3824:
3808:
3770:
3740:
3712:
3675:
3639:
3608:
3579:
3554:
3521:
3498:
3478:
3423:
3366:
3349:
3339:
3334:
3304:
3295:
3279:
3248:
3190:
3143:
3107:
3039:
2971:
2939:
2893:
2821:Northeast Coast
2815:
2799:
2701:
2656:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2555:
2550:
2520:
2515:
2499:Urban languages
2494:
2478:
2383:
2320:
2247:
2126:
2120:
2099:
2094:
2052:
2047:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1794:"English - Maa"
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1677:
1648:
1572:
1570:Oral literature
1564:
1516:for masculine,
1506:
1501:
1484:
1473:
1447:
1425:
1412:
1401:
1375:
1324:
1116:
1073:“Index finger”
1052:/ ɛ̄nkʊ́tʊ́k /
939:
869:
857:
802:
740:
730:
720:
709:
688:
648:
634:
621:
607:
560:
524:
517:
484:
470:
460:
417:
393:
359:
309:Eastern Nilotic
291:
268:
262:
261:
231:
215:
208:
198:
197:
190:
180:
130:Eastern Nilotic
115:Eastern Sudanic
104:
101:Language family
99:
90:
89:Native speakers
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4337:
4336:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4294:Omotik–Datooga
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4216:Nandi–Markweta
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4161:Southern Burun
4158:
4156:Northern Burun
4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4132:Lango (Uganda)
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3868:
3866:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3284:Sign languages
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2604:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2483:Sign languages
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Southern Oromo
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2050:External links
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1960:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1852:
1834:
1809:
1785:
1772:
1748:
1735:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1686:Sonjo language
1683:
1676:
1673:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1598:
1591:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1505:
1502:
1476:(Surface Form)
1474:
1448:
1427:
1426:
1404:(Surface Form)
1402:
1376:
1355:
1354:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1115:
1114:Writing system
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
993:
990:
987:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
938:
935:
932:
931:
929:
922:
920:
914:
913:
906:
904:
896:
895:
888:
886:
879:
873:
872:
862:
860:
849:
848:
841:
839:
832:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
801:
798:
748:
747:
745:
743:
735:
733:
725:
717:
716:
714:
712:
702:
700:
693:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
673:
666:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
651:
641:
639:
631:
630:
628:
626:
624:
614:
612:
605:
599:
598:
591:
589:
581:
574:
572:
566:
565:
563:
553:
545:
537:
529:
521:
520:
510:
503:
501:
494:
487:
482:
476:
475:
473:
463:
453:
446:
439:
433:
432:
427:
422:
412:
407:
402:
392:
389:
358:
355:
333:Samburu people
237:
236:
229:
221:
220:
213:
205:
204:
195:
187:
186:
185:Language codes
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
107:
105:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
57:
56:Native to
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
18:Masai language
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4394:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Maa languages
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4008:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3685:Eastern Jebel
3682:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3569:
3565:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
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3033:
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3028:
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3023:
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3018:
3016:
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3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2977:Rufiji–Ruvuma
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2936:
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2648:
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2497:
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2397:
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2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
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2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
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2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
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2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
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2264:
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2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1936:, pp. 282-345
1935:
1930:
1924:, pp. 345-356
1923:
1918:
1912:, pp. 252-259
1911:
1906:
1900:, pp. 238-251
1899:
1894:
1888:, pp. 264-281
1887:
1882:
1876:, pp. 103-237
1875:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:Kwavi dialect
1679:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:lingua franca
1661:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:lion-ness”).
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:ɛyɛ́ta ɛmʊ́ti
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:ɛ́yɛ́tá ɛmʊtí
1411:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:demonstrative
1341:begin with a
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
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1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:/ ātʊ̄mʊ́k /
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:/ ēnkītōʄó /
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:/ ōlmōsōrî /
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
991:
986:
985:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:
958:
953:
947:
946:vowel harmony
944:
937:Vowel harmony
930:
927:
923:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
907:
905:
902:
898:
897:
893:
889:
887:
884:
880:
878:
874:
867:
863:
861:
855:
851:
850:
846:
842:
840:
837:
833:
831:
827:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:
805:
797:
793:
785:
779:
773:
765:
755:
746:
744:
736:
734:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
713:
707:
703:
701:
698:
694:
691:
687:
685:
681:
678:
676:
674:
671:
667:
665:
663:
659:
656:
654:
652:
646:
642:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:
627:
625:
619:
615:
613:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
573:
571:
567:
564:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
523:
522:
515:
511:
508:
504:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
474:
468:
464:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444:
440:
438:
434:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
400:
397:
388:
386:
382:
379:. In Maasai,
378:
374:
370:
365:
354:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Maa varieties
322:
321:Maasai people
318:
315:and Northern
314:
310:
306:
301:
296:
295:
286:
259:
255:
251:
243:
234:
230:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
211:
206:
201:
196:
193:
188:
183:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
36:Maʼa language
33:
19:
4328:
4258:Okiek–Mosiro
4102:Southern Luo
3982:
3977:
3894:Teso–Turkana
3781:
3574:
3456:
3414:
3387:
3361:
3218:
3073:Mambwe-Lungu
2804:Kikuyu–Kamba
2775:Suba-Simbiti
2343:
2326:Nilo-Saharan
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
1985:Bibliography
1973:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1860:
1855:
1846:
1824:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1775:
1764:. Retrieved
1743:
1738:
1721:
1713:
1669:
1649:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:noun classes
1507:
1504:Noun classes
1496:
1495:"The pot is
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1455:
1453:ɛn-mʊ́ti(HL)
1452:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1383:
1380:
1362:
1359:
1351:
1339:Noun phrases
1335:prepositions
1332:
1325:
1322:Morphosyntax
1284:
1250:
1214:
1179:
1120:Latin script
1117:
1102:
1089:
1086:/ ātūmōkî /
1078:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1036:/ ɪ ɛ ʊ ɔ /
1031:
1021:
1008:
995:
989:/ i e o u /
983:
940:
803:
751:
415:Alveopalatal
394:
360:
341:Lake Baringo
304:
257:
253:
249:
248:
245:Maasai woman
224:
161:
109:Nilo-Saharan
49:
4066:Belanda Bor
3726:Keiga Jirru
3447:El Hugeirat
3429:Hill Nubian
3112:Other Bantu
2707:Great Lakes
1934:Hollis 1905
1922:Hollis 1905
1910:Hollis 1905
1898:Hollis 1905
1886:Hollis 1905
1874:Hollis 1905
1746:, Edinburgh
1656:East Africa
1541:“lion” vs.
1527:“brother”;
1479:(Morphemes)
1407:(Morphemes)
1381:ɛn-mʊtí(LH)
1130:uses a few
1128:orthography
1039:/ ɛ́ɓʊ́l /
796:elsewhere.
387:functions.
4346:Categories
4019:Dinka–Nuer
3970:Ongamo–Maa
3902:Karamojong
3789:Daju Mongo
3416:Old Nubian
3129:Mbamba Bay
3010:Ndengereko
2610:Bena–Kinga
2581:Indigenous
2449:Portuguese
2243:West Nyala
2125:Indigenous
1803:2020-03-26
1766:2017-08-02
1723:Ethnologue
1705:References
1578:published
1347:possessive
1136:diacritics
1107:“To brew”
1056:ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k
1009:ol-mosorrî
971:Phonology
754:ingressive
391:Consonants
263:English:
4331:indicate
4201:Kupsabiny
3940:Dongotono
3922:Nyangatom
3644:Southwest
3613:Southeast
3577:languages
3573:Southern
3540:Miisiirii
3395:Dongolawi
3364:languages
3360:Northern
3209:Kisankasa
3005:Ndendeule
2949:Kilombero
2600:Northeast
2583:languages
2271:Daasanach
2208:Mijikenda
2127:languages
1574:In 1905,
1546:-ŋatúny “
1497:de-meated
1349:phrases.
1069:kɨʉ́tɨshɔ
1026:“Rabbit”
1022:en-kitojó
992:/ éɓúl /
974:Spelling
968:Phonemes
570:Fricative
526:implosive
357:Phonology
226:Glottolog
210:ISO 639-3
192:ISO 639-2
78:Ethnicity
4229:Kipsigis
4184:Kalenjin
4175:Southern
4095:Southern
4054:Northern
3153:Cushitic
3083:Nyakyusa
2925:Nyamwezi
2905:Holoholo
2879:Shambala
2454:Japanese
2334:Kipsigis
2296:Rendille
2253:Cushitic
1675:See also
1525:-aláshɛ̀
1432:ɛ̀-ɛ́t-a
1360:ɛ̀-ɛ́t-á
1132:digraphs
1060:“Mouth”
977:English
485:pulmonic
410:Alveolar
385:semantic
373:Tanzania
345:Parakuyu
317:Tanzania
307:) is an
233:masa1300
64:Tanzania
4329:Italics
4301:Datooga
4234:Markwet
4081:Shilluk
4011:Western
3990:Samburu
3917:Turkana
3882:Mandari
3857:Eastern
3818:Nilotic
3775:Western
3761:Logorik
3754:Eastern
3656:Didinga
3535:Mararit
3517:Nyimang
3452:Ghulfan
3442:Dilling
3265:Sandawe
3204:Datooga
3196:Nilotic
3186:Kwʼadza
3171:Burunge
3124:Makhuwa
2990:Matumbi
2985:Matengo
2884:Vidunda
2765:Ngoreme
2720:Hangaza
2572:English
2567:Swahili
2464:Russian
2444:Chinese
2424:Italian
2414:Spanish
2409:Punjabi
2399:English
2379:Turkana
2369:Samburu
2281:El Molo
2203:Marachi
2116:Swahili
2111:English
1660:English
1652:Swahili
1539:-ŋatúny
1514:ol-/ɔl-
1357:ɛ́yɛ́tá
1286:Falling
1103:atʉmʉ́k
1090:atumokî
1079:Neutral
818:Central
780:, with
662:Lateral
480:Plosive
430:Glottal
420:palatal
329:Samburu
319:by the
300:autonym
125:Nilotic
4367:Maasai
4306:Omotik
4281:Pökoot
4274:Pökoot
4239:Naandi
4206:Sabaot
4122:Dholuo
4112:Adhola
4107:Acholi
3978:Maasai
3950:Lokoya
3933:Lotuko
3912:Toposa
3794:Nyolge
3731:Temein
3718:Temein
3708:Sillok
3671:Tennet
3666:Laarim
3604:Majang
3589:Surmic
3545:Sungor
3512:Afitti
3464:Kadaru
3458:Haraza
3410:Nobiin
3389:Birgid
3376:Nubian
3229:Mosiro
3224:Mediak
3219:Maasai
3176:Gorowa
3161:Alagwa
3134:Mbugwe
3078:Mwanga
3068:Malila
3063:Lambya
3020:Ngindo
3015:Ndonde
2967:Pogolo
2962:Ndamba
2957:Mbunga
2930:Sukuma
2915:Isanzu
2910:Iramba
2898:Takama
2889:Zaramo
2874:Sagara
2864:Luguru
2844:Kagulu
2790:Zanaki
2780:Sumbwa
2770:Nyambo
2750:Kerewe
2652:Vwanji
2642:Pangwa
2469:Danish
2459:Romani
2439:Arabic
2434:Hebrew
2419:German
2404:French
2364:Pökoot
2359:Omotik
2349:Naandi
2344:Maasai
2301:Somali
2276:Dahalo
2223:Pokomo
2193:Logoli
2183:Kikuyu
2168:Ilwana
2143:Bajuni
2013:CASAS.
1718:Maasai
1482:
1450:ɛmʊ́ti
1429:ɛyɛ́ta
1410:
1180:Rising
1083:/ a /
1043:ɛ́bʉ́l
1013:“Egg”
800:Vowels
722:fortis
603:Rhotic
405:Labial
364:ɔl Maa
350:ɔl Maa
337:Chamus
305:ɔl Maa
250:Maasai
162:Maasai
148:Lotuko
139:Lotuko
135:Ateker
82:Maasai
70:Region
50:ɔl Maa
44:Maasai
4265:Ogiek
4249:Tugen
4244:Terik
4224:Keiyo
4193:Elgon
4148:Burun
4127:Kumam
4086:Thuri
4061:Anuak
4026:Dinka
3995:Camus
3984:Ngasa
3960:Otuho
3955:Lopit
3799:Nyala
3783:Beigo
3766:Shatt
3661:Murle
3651:Baale
3630:Mursi
3625:Meʼen
3620:Kwegu
3597:North
3527:Taman
3504:Nyima
3469:Karko
3405:Midob
3400:Kenzi
3270:Omaio
3260:Hadza
3244:Ogiek
3234:Ngasa
3214:Kwavi
3181:Iraqw
3139:Rangi
3119:Bemba
3103:Wanda
3098:Safwa
3093:Nyika
3088:Nyiha
3053:Bungu
3045:Rukwa
3030:Nindi
3025:Ngoni
3000:Mwera
2995:Mpoto
2920:Kimbu
2869:Ngulu
2859:Kwere
2811:Sonjo
2795:Zinza
2785:Vinza
2760:Kwaya
2755:Kuria
2740:Kabwa
2730:Ikoma
2725:Ikizu
2687:Rombo
2682:Gweno
2675:Mochi
2662:Chaga
2647:Sangu
2637:Manda
2627:Kinga
2602:Bantu
2591:Bantu
2511:Engsh
2506:Sheng
2474:Dutch
2429:Hindi
2374:Tugen
2354:Ogiek
2316:Yaaku
2311:Waata
2291:Oromo
2266:Burji
2261:Aweer
2238:Taita
2228:Samia
2218:Nyole
2198:Luhya
2188:Kuria
2178:Khayo
2173:Kamba
2158:Gusii
2135:Bantu
1829:(PDF)
1692:Yaaku
1662:as a
1646:Usage
1467:-pot(
1395:-pot(
1378:ɛmʊtí
1216:Level
813:Front
794:]
790:[
786:]
782:[
774:]
770:[
766:]
762:[
690:lenis
684:Glide
636:trill
588:⟨sh⟩
437:Nasal
425:Velar
369:Kenya
313:Kenya
256:) or
254:Masai
60:Kenya
4117:Alur
4076:Päri
4036:Reel
4031:Nuer
3907:Teso
3877:Kuku
3872:Bari
3865:Bari
3804:Sila
3746:Daju
3736:Tese
3703:Molo
3698:Kelo
3693:Gaam
3635:Suri
3550:Tama
3494:Nara
3487:Nara
3474:Wali
3437:Dair
3058:Fipa
2935:Turu
2854:Kutu
2849:Kami
2839:Gogo
2829:Digo
2745:Kara
2735:Jita
2692:Rusa
2632:Kisi
2622:Hehe
2617:Bena
2286:Orma
2233:Suba
2213:Meru
2153:Embu
2148:Digo
1976:(3).
1957:(2).
1532:-kái
1518:e/ɛ-
1440:IPFV
1173:/u/
1170:/ʊ/
1167:/o/
1164:/ɔ/
1161:/a/
1158:/ɛ/
1155:/e/
1152:/ɪ/
1149:/i/
996:ébúl
830:High
823:Back
552:⟨j⟩
544:⟨d⟩
536:⟨b⟩
381:tone
371:and
4071:Jur
4046:Luo
3239:Luo
3166:Asa
3035:Yao
2834:Doe
2339:Luo
1993:doi
1720:at
1698:Asa
1654:in
1469:NOM
1461:FEM
1457:DEF
1444:MID
1397:ACC
1389:FEM
1385:DEF
1368:PFV
1312:ʉ̂
1306:ɔ̂
1300:ɛ̂
1294:ɨ̂
1276:ʉ̀
1270:ɔ̀
1264:ɛ̀
1258:ɨ̀
1251:Low
1206:ʉ́
1200:ɔ́
1194:ɛ́
1188:ɨ́
1124:IPA
918:Low
877:Mid
758:/p/
609:tap
294:-sy
292:MAH
258:Maa
217:mas
200:mas
157:Maa
152:Maa
143:Maa
4348::
2715:Ha
1974:14
1972:.
1955:62
1953:.
1941:^
1837:^
1812:^
1796:.
1751:^
1537:ol
1530:ɛn
1523:ɔl
1499:."
1465:SG
1436:3P
1393:SG
1372:SG
1364:3P
1315:û
1309:ô
1303:â
1297:ê
1291:î
1279:ù
1273:ò
1267:à
1261:è
1255:ì
1245:u
1242:ʉ
1239:o
1236:ɔ
1233:a
1230:ɛ
1227:e
1224:ɨ
1221:i
1209:ú
1203:ó
1197:á
1191:é
1185:í
784:tʃ
738:jː
728:wː
418:/
327::
297:;
282:aɪ
276:ɑː
111:?
62:,
3575:n
3362:k
3329:e
3322:t
3315:v
2545:e
2538:t
2531:v
2089:e
2082:t
2075:v
2009:.
1999:.
1995::
1806:.
1769:.
1637:"
1630:"
1623:"
1611:"
1600:"
1593:"
1586:"
1544:e
1471:)
1463:.
1459:.
1442:.
1399:)
1391:.
1387:.
1370:.
954:/
952:a
950:/
926:a
910:ɔ
901:ɛ
892:o
883:e
866:ʊ
854:ɪ
845:u
836:i
792:ʃ
772:ʙ
764:ɸ
706:j
697:w
670:l
645:r
618:ɾ
595:h
585:ʃ
578:s
557:ɠ
549:ʄ
541:ɗ
533:ɓ
514:ʔ
507:k
498:t
491:p
467:ŋ
457:ɲ
450:n
443:m
302::
285:/
279:s
273:m
270:ˈ
267:/
260:(
150:–
141:-
137:-
38:.
20:)
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