479:
502:
29:
514:
490:
526:
358:
552:
564:
540:
576:
66:
343:. The brigade's advance into Munich without command orders to do so led to fierce street fighting in which the combined government units crushed the workers' uprising. The Freikorps' brutal actions in the street battles, including looting and the mistreatment and shooting of those arrested, illustrated the increasing independence of the Freikorps movement in the fight against revolutionaries. By the summer of 1919, Navy leadership was considering disbanding the Marine Brigade.
288:
247:) Hermann Ehrhardt, then armed themselves and stormed the barracks using rifles and machine guns. In the morning of 28 January, the 400 putschists surrendered. The fighting had left a total of eight dead on both sides. The "storming of the 1,000-man barracks" was later considered the Marine Brigade's birth.
456:
From about
February 1919 members of the Marine Brigade wore the badge of the Second Marine Brigade Wilhelmshaven as a special insignia on the left upper arm. The badge was made of silver tinplate and showed, within an egg-shaped rope, a Viking ship sailing with a single man at the helm. At the bottom
307:
south of Berlin and divided into the 3rd and 4th Marine
Regiments and a brigade staff. The 3rd Marine Regiment had six infantry companies, the first made up of deck officers, the second of engineer trainees, and the third of NCOs. The other companies were formed from the enlisted ranks. Also attached
1079:
Klietmann, K.G. (1968). "Beiträge zur
Geschichte der deutschen Freiwilligen Formationen 1918–1923. 2. Marine-Brigade Wilhelmshaven Marine-Brigade Ehrhardt" [Contributions to the history of the German volunteer formations 1918–1923 Second Marine-Brigade Wilhelmshaven Marine-Brigade Ehrhardt].
389:
when he marched at the head of the Marine
Brigade into Berlin. On the night of 12/13 March 1920, it occupied the government quarter of Berlin with from 2,000 to 6,000 men. It made up only a small fraction of the total free corps forces, which totaled around 30,000 men. The government issued a
401:
spoke highly of the brigade's discipline in a daily order issued on 18 March and the next day assured
Ehrhardt in writing of protection from arrest. Only then did the brigade march out of Berlin, singing and flying flags as it had when it marched in. When boos were raised from an unfriendly
317:
After its transfer to Munich on 29 April 1919, the Second Marine
Brigade Wilhelmshaven had the following organization: brigade staff; Marine Regiment 3 with 1st and 2nd battalions; Marine Regiment 4 with 1st and 2nd battalions; Wilhelmshaven company; assault company; mortar company with two
295:
The advertisement was run repeatedly and later included the "prevention of internal unrest" as one of its purposes. It was mainly former members of the
Imperial Navy who reported for the new force. On 17 February 1919 Ehrhardt received the order to assemble it under the name "Second Marine
478:
296:
Brigade
Wilhelmshaven". The order allowed him to determine the political orientation of the members of his brigade. It was to be a mobile unit and deployed throughout the Reich in the event of insurrections. After 24 March the Marine Brigade Wilhelmshaven was subordinate to the
334:
Free Corps in preventing the attempt to establish a soviet republic there. After the defeat of the northern communist forces, the brigade marched to the industrial cities of central
Germany to fight the local communist uprisings in the region. From there it was transferred to
461:
script. Below it were two oak twigs consisting of three leaves with an acorn bound together with ribbons. After the brigade was disbanded, successor organizations continued to use the insignia in a modified form with the inscription "Wilhelmshaven" replaced by "Ehrhardt".
318:
medium and six light mortars; pioneer company; flamethrower platoon; 1st battery with four 7.7 centimeter field guns; and 2nd battery with four light field howitzers and 12 heavy machine guns. The strength of the brigade at the time was about 1,500 men.
272:
Call for the formation of a government brigade in
Wilhelmshaven. The Reich government has given me the order to form a government brigade in Wilhelmshaven, which, directly subordinate to the government, will be at the government's disposal for the
254:
that lasted until 4 February 1919. Wilhelmshaven was chosen because it was a former port of the Imperial Navy and full of soldiers, many of whom were opposed to radical leftist efforts to set up communist governments in Germany.
314:(assault company) which was made up of officers, midshipmen, and cadets. In addition to six infantry companies, the 4th Marine Regiment had a machine gun company, an engineering company, and a battery of 7.7 centimeter field guns.
433:, which he led. It used murders and assassinations in its continued fight to overthrow the Weimar government until it was banned in 1922. Ehrhardt fled to Switzerland in 1934 because of the Nazi internal purge known as the
475:). From about October 1919 members of the brigade adorned themselves with anti-Semitic markings, such as when they wore swastikas on their helmets returning from operations against the insurgents in Upper Silesia.
594:
When the brigade was demobilized in 1920, one of its members composed a song that became known as the Ehrhardt Song. It was sung wherever people wanted to demonstrate a nationalistic and anti-republican stance.
303:
The brigade initially consisted of four infantry companies with a total of 367 men. In the course of further growth and the formation of new units, it was transferred on 30 March 1919 to
185:, both in the first half of 1919. In March 1920, faced with its imminent disbanding by orders of the government in Berlin, the Marine Brigade was one of the main supporters of the
1188:
233:). When the putschists encountered isolated resistance, they entrenched themselves in the city's 1,000-man barracks. About 300 officers and professional soldiers of the former
365:
In November the brigade was transferred a camp near Berlin, and in March 1920 the German government issued orders for it to be disbanded. The order was consistent with the
193:
under Ehrhardt's leadership. Before it was banned in 1922, it carried out numerous assassinations and murders in a continuation of the attempts to overthrow the Republic.
1198:
390:
proclamation calling on Germany's unions to defeat the putsch by means of a general strike. It received massive support, and by 18 March the putsch had failed.
297:
501:
989:
913:
189:
that tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic. After the putsch failed and the brigade was disbanded in May, many of the former members formed the secret
453:, although the assault company all had crew uniforms without rank insignia. Attached to the collar of the field blouse was the Guard Star with anchor.
513:
489:
1183:
608:
551:
265:
419:) as "reliable cadres"; many of the rest went underground in various organizations including the Union of Former Ehrhardt Officers, the
525:
563:
1138:
Die Uniformen und Abzeichen, Fahnen, Standarten und Wimpel der SA, SS, HJ, des Stahlhelm, Brig. Ehrhardt, Amtswalter, NSBO, NSKK
250:
The Reich government then decided to raise volunteer troops in Wilhelmshaven to fight other soviet republics such as the one in
28:
1142:
The Uniforms and Badges, Flags, Standards and Pennants of the SA, SS, HJ, Stahlhelm, Ehrhardt Brigade, Officials, NSBO, NSKK.
539:
397:
built "golden bridges" for LĂĽttwitz, Ehrhardt and Kapp to persuade them to surrender peacefully. The new Reichswehr leader
575:
377:. LĂĽttwitz, one of the organizers of the Freikorps in 1918 and 1919 and an ardent monarchist, appealed to Reich President
406:, they summarily fired machine guns into the crowd. Twelve dead and thirty seriously wounded were left on the pavement.
1108:
639:
208:
1178:
926:
103:
1173:
789:
409:
The Ehrhardt Brigade was officially disbanded effective 31 May 1920. A large part of it was taken into the
734:
357:
117:
331:
373:, to 100,000 soldiers. The brigade's leaders were determined to resist and appealed to Reichswehr General
687:
1021:
Vasold, Manfred (1988). "Ehrhardt, Hermann, FreikorpsfĂĽhrer". In Benz, Wolfgang; Graml, Hermann (eds.).
763:
617:
852:
668:
795:
438:
434:
340:
178:
109:
441:. He died there in 1971 without having taken part in any further political or military activity..
351:
339:, where it was kept ready as part of a large contingent of government units to fight against the
182:
169:. It was formed on 17 February 1919 as the Second Marine Brigade from members of the former
630:
374:
251:
350:
where local free corps, reinforced by groups such as the Marine Brigade, easily repressed the
1101:
German Uniforms, Insignia & Equipment 1918–1923. Freikorps, Reichswehr, Vehicles, Weapons
753:
703:
814:
1193:
767:
648:
450:
386:
366:
234:
170:
658:
8:
867:
711:
465:
As field insignia, the assault company and each battalion of the Marine Brigade flew the
430:
190:
268:, the party that led the Reich government in Berlin. It contained in part the following:
258:
On 13 February 1919 an advertisement appeared in the Wilhelmshaven daily newspaper
238:
876:
773:
738:
716:
693:
466:
827:
1104:
922:
835:
801:
683:
653:
280:
635:
871:
805:
672:
644:
403:
202:
174:
142:
890:
429:) and the Sport Club Olympia. Ehrhardt brought many from the brigade into the new
858:
840:
744:
626:
398:
378:
166:
71:
224:
862:
846:
757:
394:
1167:
990:
Oberkommando des Heeres Kriegsgeschichtliche Forschungsanstalt , ed. (1939).
810:
722:
677:
420:
347:
220:
831:
748:
728:
612:
437:. Two years later he went to Austria where he ran the manorial estate near
410:
382:
327:
779:
212:
186:
124:
34:
304:
785:
604:
370:
707:
697:
621:
336:
162:
82:
385:
to stop the disbandment. When Ebert refused, LĂĽttwitz triggered the
822:
818:
458:
449:
Members of the Marine Brigade wore the field gray uniform of the
287:
16:
Volunteer military force (Freikorps) in Germany from 1919 to 1920
457:
was an ornamented panel with the inscription "Wilhelmshaven" in
223:
captured important buildings in Wilhelmshaven and declared it a
690:
for central Russia and Commissioner-General of occupied Belarus
663:
216:
804:: novelist and screenwriter involved in the assassination of
177:. The brigade was used primarily in the suppression of the
849:: early senior Nazi official and close confidant of Hitler
1044:] (in German). Bern: Scherz Verlag. pp. 207 ff.
776:: member of the military resistance against Adolf Hitler
1060:
855:: accomplice in the assassination of Matthias Erzberger
1002:
998:] (in German). Berlin: E. S. Mittler. p. 199.
279:. signed by the head of the Naval Station North Sea,
1148:
921:(in German). Hamburg: Leibniz-Verlag. pp. 24 f.
369:, which limited the size of the Republic's army, the
354:
of local Poles against German control of the region.
1117:
1048:
330:
on 17 April 1919, where it joined units of the
1189:
Organizations of the German Revolution of 1918–1919
1144:] (in German). Traditions-Verlag Kolk & Co.
992:
Die Niederwerfung der Räteherrschaft in Bayern 1919
971:
959:
947:
935:
444:
1199:Paramilitary organisations of the Weimar Republic
1165:
1103:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military. p. 101.
719:: German ambassador to Hungary under the Nazis
211:that broke out following Germany's defeat in
1023:Biographisches Lexikon zur Weimarer Republik
879:: one of the assassins of Matthias Erzberger
680:: commanded German U-boat operations in WWII
470:
424:
414:
309:
274:
259:
242:
228:
1025:(in German). Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 71.
725:: Reich governor of Hamburg under the Nazis
996:The Defeat of Council Rule in Bavaria 1919
393:After the coup collapsed, Vice Chancellor
361:Ehrhardt in Berlin during the Kapp Putsch.
326:The brigade's first deployment took it to
196:
1078:
62:
1135:
883:
477:
356:
286:
1098:
1035:
891:Hermann Ehrhardt, the man Hitler wasn’t
1166:
1154:
1123:
1066:
1054:
1020:
1008:
977:
965:
953:
941:
911:
895:Idle Winter Press. ISBN 9781945687051
798:: admiral and naval adjutant to Hitler
1184:Naval units and formations of Germany
737:: mastermind of the assassination of
671:: accomplice in the assassination of
870:: took part in the assassination of
589:
207:On 27 January 1919, during the
13:
1038:Die Verratene Revolution 1918/1919
640:SS Race and Settlement Main Office
598:
14:
1210:
1042:The Betrayed Revolution 1918/1919
33:Marinebrigade Erhardt during the
629:: naval officer involved in the
574:
562:
550:
538:
524:
512:
500:
488:
381:and Reich Armed Forces Minister
64:
27:
1129:
1092:
1072:
445:Uniform, insignia and standards
1029:
1014:
983:
905:
735:Manfred Freiherr von Killinger
321:
1:
898:
782:: admiral in the Kriegsmarine
620:: SS officer involved in the
788:: general who commanded the
557:GruppenfĂĽhrer-Stellvertreter
298:Guard Cavalry Rifle Division
215:, communist putschists from
104:German Revolution of 1918–19
7:
1036:Haffner, Sebastian (1969).
768:Higher SS and Police Leader
756:: supreme commander of the
747:: Vice Admiral in the Nazi
688:Higher SS and Police Leader
10:
1215:
741:and later Nazi functionary
346:In August 1919 it went to
225:socialist council republic
200:
46:February 1919 – March 1920
1136:Lebrecht, George (1933).
1099:Woolley, Charles (2002).
912:KrĂĽger, Gabriele (1971).
843:: General Admiral in WWII
770:in German-occupied Poland
669:Hermann Willibald Fischer
266:Majority Social Democrats
138:
133:
96:
88:
78:
58:
50:
42:
26:
21:
1179:Bavarian Soviet Republic
796:Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer
764:Friedrich-Wilhelm KrĂĽger
662:and Police President of
638:: anthropologist at the
439:Lichtenau im Waldviertel
435:Night of the Long Knives
341:Bavarian Soviet Republic
308:to the regiment was the
179:Bavarian Soviet Republic
173:under the leadership of
110:Bavarian Soviet Republic
352:First Silesian Uprising
209:Revolution of 1918–1919
197:Formation and structure
183:First Silesian Uprising
118:First Silesian Uprising
1174:20th-century Freikorps
483:
471:
425:
415:
362:
310:
292:
285:
275:
260:
243:
229:
155:Marinebrigade Ehrhardt
22:Marinebrigade Ehrhardt
888:Koster, John (2018).
884:Literature in English
754:Hans Ulrich Klintzsch
704:Hans Albert Hohnfeldt
569:Gefolgsmann (gedient)
507:VerbandsgruppenfĂĽhrer
481:
360:
290:
270:
915:Die Brigade Ehrhardt
649:SS Court Main Office
451:Imperial German Army
387:Kapp-LĂĽttwitz Putsch
375:Walther von LĂĽttwitz
367:Treaty of Versailles
171:Imperial German Navy
157:, also known as the
868:Ernst Werner Techow
790:7th Panzer Division
731:: Wehrmacht general
712:Free City of Danzig
609:Reich Health Leader
431:Organisation Consul
191:Organisation Consul
877:Heinrich Tillessen
815:SS-SturmbannfĂĽhrer
774:Franz Maria Liedig
739:Matthias Erzberger
717:Dietrich von Jagow
694:Erick-Oskar Hansen
631:invasion of Norway
484:
472:Reichskriegsflagge
363:
293:
165:unit of the early
1069:, pp. 62–67.
1011:, pp. 28–30.
836:Reinhard Heydrich
802:Ernst von Salomon
684:Curt von Gottberg
659:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
654:Werner von Fichte
590:The Ehrhardt song
467:Imperial War Flag
148:
147:
1206:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1018:
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1006:
1000:
999:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
932:
920:
909:
872:Walther Rathenau
817:and head of the
806:Walther Rathenau
673:Walther Rathenau
645:Franz Breithaupt
578:
566:
554:
542:
528:
516:
504:
492:
474:
428:
418:
404:Brandenburg Gate
313:
291:Hermann Ehrhardt
278:
263:
246:
244:Korvettenkapitän
239:Corvette Captain
232:
203:Hermann Ehrhardt
175:Hermann Ehrhardt
159:Ehrhardt Brigade
143:Hermann Ehrhardt
74:
70:
68:
67:
31:
19:
18:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1097:
1093:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1034:
1030:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
929:
918:
910:
906:
901:
886:
859:Hermann Souchon
853:Heinrich Schulz
841:Otto Schniewind
834:and protégé of
828:Emanuel Schäfer
745:Gustav Kleikamp
647:: chief of the
627:Friedrich Bonte
601:
599:Notable members
592:
582:
579:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
532:
529:
520:
517:
508:
505:
496:
493:
447:
399:Hans von Seeckt
379:Friedrich Ebert
324:
276:Grenzschutz Ost
205:
199:
167:Weimar Republic
151:
65:
63:
38:
37:in Berlin, 1920
17:
12:
11:
5:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1160:
1159:
1157:, p. 130.
1147:
1128:
1116:
1110:978-0764316630
1109:
1091:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1028:
1013:
1001:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
927:
903:
902:
900:
897:
885:
882:
881:
880:
874:
865:
863:Rosa Luxemburg
856:
850:
847:Julius Schreck
844:
838:
825:
808:
799:
793:
783:
777:
771:
761:
758:Sturmabteilung
751:
742:
732:
726:
720:
714:
701:
691:
681:
675:
666:
651:
642:
636:GĂĽnther Brandt
633:
624:
615:
600:
597:
591:
588:
584:
583:
580:
573:
571:
568:
561:
559:
556:
549:
547:
544:
537:
534:
533:
530:
523:
521:
519:EinheitsfĂĽhrer
518:
511:
509:
506:
499:
497:
495:VerbandsfĂĽhrer
494:
487:
446:
443:
395:Eugen Schiffer
323:
320:
311:Sturm-Kompanie
198:
195:
149:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
131:
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114:
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56:
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52:
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24:
23:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1126:, p. 34.
1125:
1120:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1084:(in German).
1083:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1057:, p. 62.
1056:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1005:
997:
993:
986:
980:, p. 21.
979:
974:
968:, p. 18.
967:
962:
956:, p. 24.
955:
950:
944:, p. 16.
943:
938:
930:
928:3-87473-003-4
924:
917:
916:
908:
904:
896:
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878:
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866:
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848:
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842:
839:
837:
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829:
826:
824:
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816:
812:
811:Bruno Sattler
809:
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781:
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772:
769:
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759:
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746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
723:Karl Kaufmann
721:
718:
715:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
678:Eberhard Godt
676:
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560:
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545:GruppenfĂĽhrer
541:
536:
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527:
522:
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510:
503:
498:
491:
486:
485:
482:Rank insignia
480:
476:
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468:
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460:
454:
452:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
422:
421:Viking League
417:
412:
407:
405:
402:crowd at the
400:
396:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
359:
355:
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349:
348:Upper Silesia
344:
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329:
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299:
289:
284:
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277:
269:
267:
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235:Imperial Navy
231:
226:
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221:Wilhelmshaven
218:
214:
210:
204:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
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164:
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156:
150:Military unit
144:
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115:
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108:
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61:
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41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
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1141:
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1131:
1119:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1004:
995:
991:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
914:
907:
889:
887:
749:Kriegsmarine
729:Werner Kempf
657:
613:Adolf Hitler
593:
585:
464:
455:
448:
416:Reichsmarine
408:
392:
383:Gustav Noske
364:
345:
328:Braunschweig
325:
316:
302:
294:
271:
261:Die Republik
257:
249:
237:, including
230:Räterepublik
206:
158:
154:
152:
123:
116:
102:
1194:Kapp Putsch
1155:KrĂĽger 1971
1124:KrĂĽger 1971
1067:KrĂĽger 1971
1055:KrĂĽger 1971
1009:KrĂĽger 1971
978:KrĂĽger 1971
966:KrĂĽger 1971
954:KrĂĽger 1971
942:KrĂĽger 1971
861:: executed
792:during WWII
780:Ernst Lucht
618:Horst Böhme
581:Gefolgsmann
426:Bund Wiking
411:German Navy
322:Deployments
213:World War I
187:Kapp Putsch
125:Kapp Putsch
97:Engagements
35:Kapp Putsch
1168:Categories
899:References
832:OberfĂĽhrer
786:Karl Mauss
605:Kurt Blome
371:Reichswehr
201:See also:
134:Commanders
708:Gauleiter
698:Wehrmacht
622:Holocaust
607:: Deputy
531:ZugfĂĽhrer
337:Thuringia
281:Michelsen
163:Freikorps
139:Commander
83:Freikorps
51:Disbanded
1088:: 82 ff.
1082:Feldgrau
823:Belgrade
586:Source:
332:Maercker
305:JĂĽterbog
181:and the
161:, was a
54:May 1920
819:Gestapo
710:of the
700:general
459:fraktur
264:of the
72:Germany
59:Country
1107:
925:
664:Erfurt
611:under
252:Bremen
217:Bremen
69:
43:Active
1140:[
1040:[
994:[
919:(PDF)
830:: SS-
656:: SA-
92:6,000
1105:ISBN
923:ISBN
760:(SA)
219:and
153:The
89:Size
79:Type
821:in
1170::
1086:16
813::
766::
706::
696::
686::
300:.
1113:.
931:.
893:.
469:(
423:(
413:(
283:.
241:(
227:(
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