399:
270:
812:
296:
5698:
800:
968:
387:
70:
1101:
1230:, Thuringia, Germany, was exhumed to obtain DNA for testing, to determine if she was Marie-Thérèse. The woman, who gave her name as Sophie Botta, lived in a castle in the area from 1807 until her death in 1837, and never spoke in public, or was seen outside without her face being veiled. She was accompanied by Leonardus Cornelius van der Valck, a secretary in the Dutch embassy in Paris from July 1798 to April 1799, and together they were known as the
2805:
560:, led to the printing and distribution of scurrilous pamphlets which accused her of a range of sexual depravities as well as of spending the country into financial ruin. While it is now generally agreed that the queen's actions did little to provoke such animosity, the damage these pamphlets inflicted upon the monarchy proved to be a catalyst for the upheaval to come.
2819:
491:
image as a materialistic queen who ignored the plight of the poor, Marie
Antoinette attempted to teach her daughter about the sufferings of others. One account, written by a partisan source some years after her death, says that on New Year's Day in 1784, after having some beautiful toys brought to Marie-Thérèse's apartment, Marie Antoinette told her:
748:"Marie-Thérèse Charlotte is the most unhappy person in the world. She can obtain no news of her mother; nor be reunited to her, though she has asked it a thousand times. Live, my good mother! whom I love well, but of whom I can hear no tidings. O my father! watch over me from Heaven above. O my God! forgive those who have made my parents suffer."
524:, in 1786. Out of all her siblings, she was closest to Louis Joseph, and after his death, Louis Charles. As a young girl, Marie-Thérèse was noted to be quite attractive, with beautiful blue eyes, inheriting the good looks of her mother and maternal grandmother. She was the only one of her parents' four children to survive past age 10.
952:
at the time, attempted to rally the local troops. The troops agreed to defend her but not to cause a civil war with
Napoleon’s troops. Marie-Thérèse stayed in Bordeaux despite Napoleon’s orders for her to be arrested when his army arrived. Believing her cause was lost, and to spare Bordeaux senseless
2237:
The
History of Paris, from the Earliest Period to the Present Day;: Containing a Description of Its Antiquities, Public Buildings, Civil, Religious, Scientific, and Commercial Institutions, with Numerous Historical Facts and Anecdotes, Hitherto Unpublished, Tending to Illustrate the Different Aeras
495:
I should have liked to have given you all these as New Year's gifts, but the winter is very hard, there is a crowd of unhappy people who have no bread to eat, no clothes to wear, no wood to make a fire. I have given them all my money; I have none left to buy you presents, so there will be none this
490:
Marie
Antoinette was determined that her daughter should not grow up to be as haughty as her husband's unmarried aunts. She often invited children of lower rank to come and dine with Marie-Thérèse and, according to some accounts, encouraged the child to give her toys to the poor. In contrast to her
752:
Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte est la plus malheureuse personne du monde. Elle ne peut obtenir de savoir des nouvelles de sa mère, pas même d'être réunie à elle quoiqu'elle l'ait demandé mille fois. Vive ma bonne mère que j'aime bien et dont je ne peux savoir des nouvelles. Ô mon père, veillez sur moi du
443:
Marie
Antoinette almost died of suffocation during the birth process due to a crowded and unventilated room, but the windows were finally opened to let fresh air in the room in an attempt to revive her. As a result of the horrible experience, Louis XVI banned public viewing, allowing only close
739:, were read over and over, so much so that she grew tired of them. But her appeal for more books was denied by government officials, and many other requests were frequently refused, while she often had to endure listening to her brother's cries and screams whenever he was beaten. On 11 May,
618:, intent on acquiring food believed to be stored there, and to advance political demands. After the invasion of the palace in the early hours of 6 October had forced the family to take refuge in the king's apartment, the crowd demanded and obtained the move of the king and his family to the
758:
In late August 1795, Marie-Thérèse was finally told what had happened to her family, by Madame Renée de
Chanterenne, her female companion. When she had been informed of each of their fates, the distraught Marie-Thérèse began to cry, letting out loud sobs of anguish and grief.
743:
visited Marie-Thérèse, but there is no record of the conversation. During her imprisonment, Marie-Thérèse was never told what had happened to her family. All she knew was that her father was dead. The following words were scratched on the wall of her room in the tower:
717:
one month later, in the night of 2 August, Marie-Thérèse was left in the care of her aunt Élisabeth who, in turn, was taken away on 9 May 1794 and executed the following day. Of the royal prisoners in the Temple, Marie-Thérèse
Charlotte was the only one to survive the
536:
was gaining momentum. Social discontent mixed with a crippling budget deficit provoked an outburst of anti-absolutist sentiment. By 1789, France was hurtling toward revolution as the result of bankruptcy brought on by the country's support of the
1238:, following the revolution. Possibly as she was too traumatised to resume a role in society, but also as a result of a pregnancy, after abuse by her captors, which was referred to in a letter from a family friend, at the Spanish Court, in 1795.
563:
The worsening political situation, however, had little effect on Marie-Thérèse. More immediate tragedy struck when her younger sister, Sophie, died in 1787. This was followed two years later by the dauphin, Louis Joseph, who died of
377:
She was queen for twenty minutes, on 2 August 1830, between the time her father-in-law signed the instrument of abdication and the time her husband, reluctantly, signed the same document, though this claim is disputed by historians.
2238:
of French
History, Particularly the Eventful Period of the Revolution. To which is Added an Appendix: Containing a Notice of the Church of Saint Denis; an Account of the Violation of the Royal Tombs; ... Etc. Etc. In Three Volumes.
1234:. Van der Valck addressed Botta as 'Your Grace' and they only spoke to each other in French. Some German historians believe she was the real Marie-Thérèse, who had swapped places with her adoptive-sister, and possible half-sister,
1175:
on 19 October 1851, three days after the 58th anniversary of her mother's execution. She was buried next to her father-in-law and her husband, in the crypt of the
Franciscan monastery church of Castagnavizza in
1241:
The DNA testing revealed that the Dark
Countess was not Marie-Thérèse, but, rather, another woman whose identity remains a mystery. On 28 July 2014 the 'Interessenkreis Dunkelgräfin' broadcast the results on
917:
led by the Count of Artois. He also attempted to suppress the many men who claimed to be Marie-Thérèse's long-lost younger brother, Louis XVII. Those claimants caused the princess a good deal of distress.
762:
It was only once the Terror was over that Marie-Thérèse was allowed to leave France. She was liberated on 18 December 1795, on the eve of her seventeenth birthday, exchanged for prominent French prisoners
2886:
2809:
625:
As the political situation deteriorated, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette realized that their lives were in danger, and went along with the plan of escape organised with the help of Count
695:
Three months later, in the evening of 3 July 1793, guards entered the royal family's apartment, forcibly took away the eight-year-old Louis Charles, and entrusted him to the care of
3254:
444:
family members and a handful of trusted courtiers to witness the birth of the next royal children. When she was revived, the queen greeted her daughter (whom she later nicknamed
3072:
1192:
1348:, was released. Marie-Thérèse was portrayed by two different child actresses. At age two, she was played by Lauriane Mascaro, and at age six she was played by Florrie Betts.
852:. He had proclaimed himself King of France as Louis XVIII after the death of Marie-Thérèse's brother. With no children of his own, he wished his niece to marry her cousin,
5941:
269:
5881:
5664:
3928:
3359:
5865:
2582:
1191:
Later, her nephew Henri, the Count of Chambord, last male of the senior line of the House of Bourbon; his wife, the Countess of Chambord (formerly the Archduchess
1005:
990:
398:
863:
Louis-Antoine was a shy, stammering young man. His father tried to persuade Louis XVIII against the marriage. However, the wedding took place on 10 June 1799 at
2647:
3247:
4312:
1080:, Marie-Thérèse left Rambouillet for a new exile with her uncle, her husband, her young nephew, as well as his mother, the Duchess of Berry, and his sister
2916:
The Ruin of a Princess, which contains the life and letters of Madame Élisabeth, Journal of the Tower of the Temple by Cléry and Narrative of Madame Royale
3756:
2613:
5936:
4170:
452:
Poor little one, you are not what was desired, but you are none the less dear to me! A son would have belonged to the state, but you will belong to me.
4317:
1147:, a baroque castle just outside Vienna, where she spent her days taking walks, reading, sewing and praying. Her nephew, who now styled himself as the
784:
556:
were the principal causes of resentment and anger toward Marie Antoinette. Her unpopularity with certain powerful members of the court, including the
4527:
4670:
545:
due to drought, all of which was exacerbated by propagandists whose central object of scorn and ridicule was the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette.
3240:
3685:
3510:
2856:
2693:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
2846:
5657:
3102:
1439:
658:
31:
4201:
4056:
3412:
17:
2665:
5817:
3202:
2864:
The Ruin of a Princess as told by the Duchesse d'Angoulême, Madame Elisabeth, Sister of Louis XVI, and Cléry, the King's Valet de Chambre
1652:
1089:
876:
5961:
5956:
3521:
1038:. She is the only Dauphine whose father was a former King of France. However, anti-monarchist feeling was on the rise again. Charles's
725:
Her stay in the Temple Tower was one of solitude and often great boredom. The two books she had, the famous prayer book by the name of
5966:
4941:
4124:
5780:
5712:
5650:
4481:
4404:
4399:
4249:
3648:
3455:
1532:
600:
5931:
4537:
4340:
4335:
3749:
764:
326:
4476:
4297:
4119:
3938:
3475:
3369:
3333:
921:
Marie-Thérèse found her return emotionally draining and she was distrustful of the many Frenchmen who had supported either the
944:
In March 1815, Napoleon returned to France and rapidly began to gain supporters and raised an army in the period known as the
5456:
5342:
4091:
3943:
3554:
3505:
3431:
3374:
2502:
2445:
2367:
2299:
2266:
2190:
2038:
2011:
1447:
5738:
5362:
5307:
3146:
953:
destruction, she finally agreed to leave. Her actions caused Napoleon to remark that she was "the only man in her family."
818:
772:
768:
4191:
4046:
3460:
2911:
English- and German-language site about the substitution theory of Madame Royale and the "Dark Countess of Hildburghausen"
1214:
Marie-Thérèse is described on her gravestone as the 'Queen Dowager of France', a reference to her husband's claim as King
5391:
5327:
4471:
4409:
3822:
3539:
3302:
1806:
1310:
1208:
35:
4824:
3564:
1058:
853:
348:
192:
4829:
4496:
4264:
3742:
3470:
2698:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
2207:
1421:
4389:
456:
Marie-Thérèse was baptised on the day of her birth. She was named after her maternal grandmother, the Empress regnant
5921:
5601:
5332:
4394:
3465:
3095:
2724:
2544:
2324:
2090:
3933:
3832:
3364:
684:
came up with the idea to restore the monarchy and free Marie-Antoinette and her children. His ally, the 20-year-old
548:
As the attacks upon the queen grew ever more vicious, the popularity of the monarchy plummeted. Inside the court at
5426:
5100:
4837:
4511:
4501:
4076:
3495:
3007:
1926:
997:
517:
402:
Marie-Thérèse Charlotte with her mother, Marie Antoinette, and her brother Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, in the
5812:
4384:
4211:
4066:
1136:
but is in Italy today. Marie-Thérèse devotedly nursed her uncle through his last illness in 1836, when he died of
479:, who later had to resign due to her husband's bankruptcy and was replaced by one of the queen's closest friends,
5951:
5946:
4660:
4302:
4206:
4061:
3138:
2751:
880:
501:
4086:
2557:
1012:, the so-called "Miracle child", who later, as the Bourbon pretender to the French throne, assumed the title of
5971:
5754:
5554:
3888:
3178:
2973:
1868:
1121:
788:
615:
487:. Louis XVI was an affectionate father, who delighted in spoiling his daughter, while her mother was stricter.
4244:
4025:
3963:
3544:
418:
on 19 December 1778, the first child (after eight years of her parents' marriage) and eldest daughter of King
5352:
4965:
4934:
4724:
4598:
4196:
4051:
3485:
3194:
1774:
1259:
Marie-Thérèse has been portrayed in several motion picture adaptations, mainly to do with her mother's life.
899:
654:
650:
5759:
4466:
4259:
3680:
3593:
681:
5926:
5775:
5396:
5168:
5138:
4254:
4239:
3218:
3186:
3088:
1340:
1290:
1211:
was also buried there in honor of his dutiful years of service as a minister to Louis XVIII and Charles X.
1070:
391:
4532:
4071:
3661:
3534:
3480:
3421:
3388:
825:
Marie-Thérèse arrived in Vienna on 9 January 1796, in the evening, 22 days after she had left the Temple.
736:
588:
began to be affected as several members of the royal household were sent abroad for their own safety. The
484:
5976:
5431:
4862:
3953:
3883:
3723:
3569:
3559:
2915:
2868:
2862:
1832:
1204:
1081:
986:
688:
should marry Marie-Thérèse. When they failed in getting support from the troops, the men went toward the
626:
5838:
5574:
5549:
4767:
3042:
933:
where her parents were buried. The royal remains were exhumed on 18 January 1815 and re-interred in the
707:
commissioner. Remaining in their apartment in the Tower were Marie Antoinette, Marie-Thérèse and Madame
5143:
4307:
4234:
1327:
1196:
1092:. King Louis-Philippe had taken care of the arrangements for the departure and sailing of his cousins.
4081:
3948:
3837:
3426:
3379:
2794:
2770:
592:, her uncle, and the Duchess of Polignac, governess to the royal children, emigrated on the orders of
5158:
4542:
4374:
3312:
1748:
1156:
902:, when Louis XVIII ascended the throne of France, 21 years after the death of his brother Louis XVI.
461:
303:
1054:
483:, Duchess of Polignac. The actual care was, however, given by the sub governesses, notably Baroness
407:
4927:
4867:
4590:
3323:
1894:
1684:
1243:
1148:
1062:
1009:
974:
811:
581:
5173:
3637:
2784:
5981:
5446:
4960:
4486:
4285:
4269:
4109:
3896:
3608:
3162:
3056:
2988:
2959:
2468:
2141:
2067:
1983:, Holy Roman Empress; the empress wanted all of her eldest granddaughters to be named after her.
1200:
934:
727:
569:
84:
1008:
was pregnant at the time of her husband's death. On 29 September 1820, she gave birth to a son,
356:
56:
5843:
5717:
5520:
5208:
5055:
4808:
4506:
4165:
3623:
3603:
3549:
2669:
2057:
1626:
1315:
1160:
780:
666:
171:
5193:
4567:
3671:
2397:
2359:
2235:
2180:
2028:
2001:
1065:. However, in spite of the fact that Charles X had asked him to be regent for the young king,
973:
From left to right: Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, Madame Royale; Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême;
708:
5282:
5242:
5163:
4585:
4379:
4361:
4229:
3500:
3490:
2435:
2289:
2256:
1314:. Katherine's character's on-screen mother, Marie Antoinette, was played by her real mother,
922:
845:
584:
by an armed mob on 14 July 1789, the situation reached a climax. The life of the 10-year-old
557:
5620:
2691:
2492:
5916:
5911:
5733:
5451:
5347:
5322:
5302:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5178:
4491:
4366:
4186:
4041:
3867:
3442:
3170:
2110:
1392:, which were the writings of Marie-Thérèse. The novel was later re-released as part of the
1269:
1235:
549:
480:
415:
295:
132:
5525:
4450:
1975:
Marie-Thérèse was a descendant of the Holy Roman Emperors through her mother, Archduchess
1564:
8:
5510:
5357:
5115:
5095:
4976:
4790:
4557:
3827:
3801:
3598:
3307:
1590:
1029:
1001:
978:
926:
857:
776:
638:
589:
538:
371:
352:
5592:
2462:
2135:
2061:
1143:
Her husband died in 1844 and was buried next to his father. Marie-Thérèse then moved to
5673:
5611:
5540:
5505:
5472:
5461:
5441:
5416:
5406:
5317:
5297:
5257:
5252:
5218:
4562:
3796:
3778:
3718:
3666:
3613:
3287:
3154:
3130:
3111:
2850:
1506:
1460:
1278:
1034:
957:
930:
634:
604:
367:
308:
52:
5697:
5485:
5401:
5337:
5272:
5262:
5203:
5183:
5148:
4291:
4114:
3328:
3277:
3273:
3122:
2720:
2540:
2498:
2441:
2363:
2352:
2320:
2295:
2262:
2186:
2086:
2034:
2007:
1443:
1417:
1379:
1144:
1128:. Later, the royal family left Prague and moved to the estate of Count Coronini near
1024:
Louis XVIII died on 16 September 1824, and was succeeded by his younger brother, the
689:
533:
505:
476:
469:
465:
152:
136:
75:
5367:
2840:
804:
799:
5833:
5642:
5564:
5530:
5496:
5436:
5421:
5312:
5133:
4639:
4350:
3907:
3765:
3628:
3618:
3263:
3210:
2937:
2929:
2894:
2824:
2182:
Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760–1815: A-L
2106:
1976:
1369:
1332:
1285:
1152:
1066:
1004:, a saddler. Soon after, the royal family was cheered when it was learned that the
961:
849:
704:
685:
673:, at which time Marie-Thérèse's young brother Louis Charles was recognized as King
619:
513:
423:
347:
of France, and their only child to reach adulthood. In 1799 she married her cousin
344:
258:
238:
30:"Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte" redirects here. For other people with similar names, see
967:
5515:
5377:
5247:
4004:
3842:
3034:
2789:
2765:
2700:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 1, 11.
1133:
1050:
888:
719:
429:
360:
160:
5411:
5233:
5213:
4909:
Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.
3354:
3318:
3297:
2494:
Assassination, Politics, and Miracles: France and the Royalist Reaction of 1820
1227:
1185:
1109:
1039:
1032:. Marie-Thérèse's husband was now heir to the throne, and she was addressed as
996:
On 13 February 1820, tragedy struck when the Count of Artois' younger son, the
914:
864:
662:
2735:
La fille de Louis XVI, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France, duchesse d'Angoulême
941:
of France, on 21 January 1815, the 22nd anniversary of Louis XVI's execution.
787:) and taken to Vienna, the capital city of her cousin, the Holy Roman Emperor
5905:
5386:
5223:
3912:
2285:
1980:
1430:
1349:
1345:
1295:
1274:
1264:
1125:
753:
haut du Ciel. Ô mon Dieu, pardonnez à ceux qui ont fait souffrir mes parents.
696:
457:
436:
403:
156:
60:
2898:
629:. The plan was for the royal family to flee to the northeastern fortress of
386:
5267:
5090:
4919:
2561:
2536:
1465:
1413:
945:
713:
665:, remains of a former medieval fortress. On 21 January 1793, Louis XVI was
661:
before 21 September. On 13 August, the entire family was imprisoned in the
565:
1207:, were also laid to rest in the crypt in Görz. The famous antiquarian the
69:
5105:
5085:
5080:
5035:
5030:
4749:
4713:
4552:
2872:
2431:
1322:
1231:
1181:
1100:
982:
910:
803:
Marie-Thérèse in Vienna in 1796 soon after her departure from France (by
740:
542:
175:
101:
2464:
Filia dolorosa, memoirs of Marie Thérèse Charlotte, duchess of Angoulême
2137:
Filia dolorosa, memoirs of Marie Thérèse Charlotte, duchess of Angoulême
2063:
Filia dolorosa, memoirs of Marie Thérèse Charlotte, duchess of Angoulême
1053:
which lasted three days, Charles X, who with his family had gone to the
630:
5120:
5070:
5045:
4990:
4693:
4665:
3986:
3817:
3344:
3232:
2905:
1246:
which proved beyond doubt that the Dunkelgräfin was not Marie-Thérèse.
938:
895:
700:
674:
670:
553:
509:
4712:
Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future
3080:
711:, Louis XVI's youngest sister. When Marie Antoinette was taken to the
5198:
5188:
5050:
5025:
5020:
5015:
4621:
4547:
4147:
4020:
3958:
3696:
3399:
3023:
2648:"Dunkelgraefin war keine Prinzessin und nicht Tochter von Ludwig XVI"
1215:
1172:
1113:
1085:
1042:
sympathies alienated many members of the working and middle classes.
884:
593:
460:. Her second name, Charlotte, was for her mother's favourite sister,
419:
340:
248:
964:
was restored for a second time, and Louis XVIII returned to France.
5153:
5124:
5075:
5065:
5060:
5040:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4900:
4432:
4345:
3734:
3580:
2115:. Vol. 7. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: George Barrie & Sons
1000:, was assassinated by the anti-Bourbon and Bonapartist sympathiser
949:
833:
179:
3511:
Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon-Conti, mademoiselle de la Roche-sur-Yon
2497:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press University Press. pp. 7–13.
1061:, who in turn abdicated in favor of his nephew, the nine-year-old
339:(19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King
5010:
4894:
2906:
English-language site of the franciscan Monastery in Kostanjevica
1137:
1129:
837:
233:
1263:
In 1934, she was played, under the name Duchess d'Angoulême, by
1177:
475:
Marie-Thérèse's household was headed by her governess, Princess
5005:
2910:
2804:
1117:
841:
3560:
Henriette Louise de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Vermandois
2857:
Duchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple
2841:
Duchess of Angoulême's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple
2085:(in French). Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin. p. 13.
1180:, then in Austria, now Kostanjevica in the Slovenian city of
829:
3565:Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Sens
3272:
Only includes Princesses of the House of Bourbon before the
2583:"'Dark Countess' tomb exhumed to solve 200-year-old mystery"
913:
attempted to steer a middle course between liberals and the
929:. She visited the site where her brother had died, and the
4716:, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.
2185:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 427.
948:. Louis XVIII fled France, but Marie-Thérèse, who was in
527:
434:, and as the eldest daughter of the king, she was styled
3496:
Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Maine
102:
Consort of the Legitimist pretender to the French throne
3843:
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland
3550:
Louise Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Charolais
3389:
Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Longueville
2847:
Duchess of Angoulême's Memoir on the Flight to Varennes
1406:(2007), a children's novel by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley
657:, Louis XVI was deposed, although the monarchy was not
500:
Marie-Thérèse was joined by two brothers and a sister,
3939:Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême
3901:
Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon
2030:
Marie-Thérèse: The Fate of Marie Antoinette's Daughter
3570:
Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Orléans
3555:
Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Clermont
3540:
Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé
3491:
Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé
894:
The long years of exile ended with the abdication of
867:(modern-day Latvia). The couple lost a baby in 1813.
5672:
3545:
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti
2884:
2814:
2535:
Mitchell, Anne (1993), "The People of Calton Hill",
1221:
883:, while her father-in-law spent most of his time in
844:), where her father's eldest surviving brother, the
3329:
Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Duchesse of Longueville
2739:
Mémoires et Souvenirs sur la Révolution et l'Empire
1108:The royal family lived in what is now 22 (then 21)
1084:. On 16 August, the family had reached the port of
426:. As the daughter of the King of France, she was a
370:upon the accession of her uncle and father-in-law,
5942:Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (France)
3456:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry
3432:Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine
2614:"German grave to unlock 'mystery of the Bourbons'"
2351:
1325:played Marie-Thérèse briefly in the costume-drama
905:
3686:Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé
3486:Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti
2383:
2381:
2379:
2172:
2168:(in French). Paris: Nelson Éditeurs. p. 184.
1116:until 1833 when the former king chose to move to
653:, after the royal family had taken refuge in the
568:on 4 June 1789, one day after the opening of the
390:Marie-Thérése with her brother, Louis Joseph (by
5903:
5631:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
2810:Marie Thérèse Charlotte of France, Madame Royale
1482:Ancestors of Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
3506:Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Bourbon
3501:Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Vendôme
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2208:"What Happened to Marie Antoinette's Children?"
1305:, Marie-Thérèse was played by Anne-Laura Meury.
532:As Marie-Thérèse matured, the march toward the
5739:Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
2558:Newspaper article on sale of 21 Regent Terrace
2437:The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions
2376:
2294:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–27.
2250:
2248:
2178:
1361:She has also been portrayed in the following:
1120:as a guest of Marie-Thérèse's cousin, Emperor
5658:
4935:
4171:Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon
3750:
3324:Éléonore de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Orange
3248:
3096:
2871:. New York: The Lamb Publishing Co., 1912 at
2631:
2354:To the Scaffold: The Life of Marie Antoinette
2280:
2278:
1308:In 1989 she was played by Katherine Flynn in
641:, and the family was escorted back to Paris.
601:Louise-Elisabeth de Croÿ, Marquise de Tourzel
4949:
3466:Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, Duchess of Modena
2567:
2454:
2343:
2261:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 79–85.
2230:
2228:
1151:, and his sister joined her there. In 1848,
472:, who was known as Charlotte in the family.
427:
5893:*also a princess of France in her own right
3934:Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3365:Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2607:
2605:
2603:
2245:
2148:
2052:
2050:
607:became a lifelong friend of Marie-Thérèse.
5665:
5651:
4942:
4928:
4451:Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska
3757:
3743:
3471:Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Queen of Spain
3255:
3241:
3103:
3089:
2275:
2127:
1159:and, for the second time, France became a
1124:. They moved into luxurious apartments in
1095:
68:
5937:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Louis
5882:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
3929:Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier
3360:Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier
2611:
2550:
2424:
2225:
2205:
1356:
1226:In October 2013, the grave of a woman in
381:
4760:
4385:Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
4255:Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
4092:Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine
3262:
2853:, of a slightly redacted French edition)
2600:
2564:, 9 February 2002 Accessed 9 August 2009
2484:
2440:. London: Pan Macmillan UK. p. 20.
2358:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p.
2349:
2080:
2047:
1993:
1301:In 1975, in the French television drama
1099:
966:
887:, where he had been given apartments at
810:
798:
599:The Duchess of Polignac was replaced by
575:
414:Marie-Thérèse Charlotte was born at the
397:
385:
32:Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (disambiguation)
4842:Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême
4789:
4313:Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine
3427:Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sardinia
3110:
2714:
2254:
2241:A. and W. Galignani. 1825. p. 410.
2166:Mémoires sur la vie de Marie-Antoinette
1986:
1352:portrayed her mother, Marie Antoinette.
207: 1799; died 1844)
14:
5904:
5866:Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily
4863:Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma
3889:Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf
3777:
3638:Bathilde d'Orléans, Duchess of Bourbon
3422:Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain
3370:Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Guise
3334:Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons
2779:By Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
2719:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company.
2580:
2284:
2163:
2105:
1848:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1606:
1496:
1492:
1388:, a novel by Sharon Stewart, based on
1184:. Marie-Thérèse had remained a devout
987:Princess Louise-Marie-Thérèse d'Artois
528:Life during the Revolution (1789–1795)
5646:
4923:
4788:
4747:
4691:
4619:
4528:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
4430:
4202:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
4145:
4057:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
3984:
3944:Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy
3776:
3738:
3375:Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy
3236:
3084:
2460:
2430:
2314:
2179:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. (2007).
2133:
2056:
2026:
1999:
1924:
1914:
1910:
1898:
1892:
1882:
1866:
1856:
1852:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1772:
1762:
1746:
1736:
1732:
1708:
1698:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1504:
1500:
1019:
5834:Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
4640:Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
4318:Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre
4250:Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon
3908:Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud
3764:
3380:Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Chartres
2925:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
2741:, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1908.
2560:"For sale: tragic royals bolthole",
2529:
2490:
794:
791:, and also her mother's birthplace.
4704:
4656:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
4410:Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe
4395:Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia
4375:Mariana Víctoria, Queen of Portugal
4260:Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
4005:Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain
3858:Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)
3710:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
3062:6 November 1836 – 3 June 1844
2885:Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "
2757:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
2258:Louis XVI and the French Revolution
1711:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
614:of mainly working women from Paris
287:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
24:
4492:Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois
4467:Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
4265:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
3609:Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois
3594:Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
2887:Angoulême, Marie Theresa Charlotte
2831:
2708:
2206:Maranzani, Barbara (3 June 2021).
1979:of Austria, who was a daughter of
870:
785:Charles-Louis Huguet de Sémonville
25:
5993:
5962:French people of Austrian descent
5957:Burials at Kostanjevica Monastery
5839:Princess Maria Joséphine of Savoy
5602:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
4768:Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy
4087:Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans
3913:Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles
3861:Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)
3667:Marie Clotilde, Queen of Sardinia
3313:Henriette Marie, Queen of England
2891:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography
2878:
2745:
2581:Samuel, Henry (15 October 2013).
1372:play on the mystery of Louis XVII
979:Charles-Philippe, Count of Artois
633:, a royalist stronghold, but the
224:Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France
5967:Deaths from pneumonia in Austria
5860:Princess Marie Thérèse of France
5818:Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
5781:Princess Marie Louise of Orléans
5776:Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
5696:
5674:Princesses of France by marriage
4838:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
4825:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
4405:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon
4077:Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
3008:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
2817:
2803:
2612:Patterson, Tony (28 July 2002).
2461:Romer, Isabella Frances (1852).
2134:Romer, Isabella Frances (1852).
1927:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
1203:); and the count's only sister,
991:Marie-Caroline, Duchess of Berry
854:Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
815:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
374:, to the French throne in 1824.
349:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
294:
268:
193:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
5844:Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy
5718:Princess Marguerite of Lorraine
4748:
4661:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
4595:Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara
4303:Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes
4207:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
4062:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
3893:Alexandre, Chevalier de Vendôme
2859:(same 1823 English translation)
2843:(from the autograph manuscript)
2684:
2658:
2640:
2520:
2511:
2475:
2415:
2406:
2390:
2334:
2308:
2199:
1469:, under the name Chaos Thérèse.
1382:, based on Marie-Thérèse's life
1067:Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans
956:After Napoleon was defeated at
906:Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)
881:Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire
204:
5932:Princesses of France (Bourbon)
4692:
4591:Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine
3985:
3868:Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine
3833:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
3662:Marie Zéphyrine, Madame Royale
3476:Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans
3179:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
2873:A Celebration of Women Writers
2849:(1823 English translation, by
2715:Desmond, Alice Curtis (1967).
2319:. Paris: Fayard. p. 635.
2157:
2099:
2074:
2020:
1869:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1807:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
1453:
1404:The Lacemaker and the Princess
1088:where they boarded a ship for
1073:named him King of the French.
1069:, accepted the crown when the
36:Marie Thérèse (disambiguation)
13:
1:
5813:Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain
5755:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
5734:Princess Henrietta of England
5713:Marie, Duchess of Montpensier
5353:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
4966:List of French royal consorts
4725:Bourbon Restoration in France
4620:
4599:Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara
4230:Marie Anne, Princess of Conti
4212:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
4166:Infanta María Teresa of Spain
4146:
4082:Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia
4067:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
3719:Sophie, Mademoiselle d'Artois
3195:Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain
3073:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
2526:Castelot (1962), pp. 245–251.
2517:Castelot (1962), pp. 226–251.
2291:The Court of France 1789–1830
1775:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1249:
1193:Marie-Thérèse of Austria-Este
1082:Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
971:The House of Bourbon in 1823.
111:6 November 1836 – 3 June 1844
5397:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
4563:Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia
4431:
4270:Louise, Baroness of La Queue
4240:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
4072:Marie Louise, Queen of Spain
3413:Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
2795:Resources in other libraries
2771:Resources in other libraries
2412:Castelot (1962), p. 110–111.
1390:The Journal of Madame Royale
1104:22 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh
819:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
677:of France by the royalists.
502:Louis Joseph Xavier François
7:
4895:Infante or Infanta of Spain
4512:Princess Louise (1737–1787)
4477:Princess Louise (1728–1733)
4245:Louis César, Count of Vexin
3954:Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
3828:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
3308:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
2869:Katharine Prescott Wormeley
2717:Marie Antoinette's Daughter
2033:. Bloomsbury. p. 316.
1833:Marie Antoinette of Austria
1473:
1284:In 1938, she was played by
848:, lived as a guest of Tsar
765:Pierre Riel de Beurnonville
10:
5998:
5760:Françoise Marie de Bourbon
5694:
5144:Desiderata of the Lombards
4502:Sophie, Duchess of Louvois
4308:Louis Charles, Count of Eu
4235:Louis, Count of Vermandois
3619:Sophie, Duchess of Louvois
2539:, James Thin, Edinburgh,
2350:Erickson, Carolly (2004).
1842:
1726:
1600:
1494:
1328:The Affair of the Necklace
1197:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
875:The royal family moved to
856:, son of his brother, the
682:Charles François Dumouriez
355:, henceforth becoming the
29:
5890:
5874:
5852:
5826:
5805:
5789:
5768:
5747:
5726:
5705:
5680:
5629:
5610:
5591:
5563:
5539:
5495:
5470:
5376:
5232:
5114:
4975:
4955:
4884:
4856:Princess Louise Élisabeth
4849:
4817:
4801:
4797:
4784:
4756:
4743:
4700:
4687:
4648:
4632:
4628:
4615:
4576:
4543:Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
4520:
4459:
4443:
4439:
4426:
4326:
4278:
4220:
4179:
4158:
4154:
4141:
4100:
4034:
4026:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
4013:
3997:
3993:
3980:
3964:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3921:
3876:
3851:
3823:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
3810:
3789:
3785:
3772:
3694:
3646:
3578:
3519:
3461:Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans
3440:
3397:
3342:
3303:Élisabeth, Queen of Spain
3285:
3270:
3118:
3064:
3047:
3029:
3022:
2999:
2986:
2981:as Empress of the French
2965:
2958:
2923:
2790:Resources in your library
2766:Resources in your library
1912:
1904:
1876:
1854:
1850:
1814:
1792:
1784:
1756:
1749:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
1734:
1730:
1692:
1670:
1662:
1634:
1612:
1608:
1572:
1550:
1542:
1514:
1498:
1398:The Princess in the Tower
737:Jean-François de La Harpe
692:camp and lived in exile.
644:
485:Marie Angélique de Mackau
477:Victoire of Rohan-Guéméné
462:Maria Carolina of Austria
322:
314:
302:
293:
280:
264:
254:
244:
232:
223:
218:
214:
186:
166:
142:
119:
115:
107:
100:
92:
83:
67:
50:
45:
27:Madame Royale (1778–1851)
5922:Queens consort of France
5575:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
5550:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4950:Royal consorts of France
4868:Henri, Count of Chambord
4533:Princess Marie Zéphyrine
4482:Louis, Dauphin of France
4400:Charles, Duke of Alençon
4187:Louis, Dauphin of France
4042:Louis, Dauphin of France
3604:Louise, Madame Troisième
3418:Granddaughters of France
3355:Granddaughters of France
3276:, excepted the issue of
3211:Maria Antonia of Austria
3043:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
2666:"All Those Who Suffered"
2481:Castelot (1962), p. 197.
2421:Castelot (1962), p. 126.
2255:Johnson, Alison (2013).
2081:Castelot, André (1962).
2006:. Quercus. p. 430.
2000:Moran, Michelle (2011).
1895:Maria Theresa of Austria
1685:Maria Josepha of Austria
1533:Louis, Dauphin of France
1205:Louise, Duchess of Parma
1166:
1057:, abdicated in favor of
1045:On 2 August 1830, after
879:, where they settled at
860:. Marie-Thérèse agreed.
805:Heinrich Friedrich Füger
353:Charles, Count of Artois
4961:List of Frankish queens
4538:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4487:Philippe, Duke of Anjou
4390:Luis, Count of Chinchón
4341:Louis, Duke of Brittany
4336:Louis, Duke of Brittany
4286:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4192:Princess Anne Élisabeth
4110:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4047:Princess Anne Élisabeth
3904:Antoine, Count of Moret
3897:Henri, Duke of Verneuil
3838:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
3715:Granddaughter of France
3677:Princesses of the Blood
3531:Princesses of the Blood
3522:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
3452:Princesses of the Blood
3319:Princesses of the Blood
3219:Marie Thérèse of France
3203:Maria Josepha of Saxony
3187:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
3057:Queen consort of France
3015:as Queen of the French
2989:Queen consort of France
2974:Marie Louise of Austria
2340:Castelot (1962), p. 88.
2315:Lever, Evelyne (1985).
2164:Campan, Madame (1823).
2058:Romer, Isabella Frances
1653:Maria Josepha of Saxony
1396:series under the title
1254:
1222:"Dark Countess" mystery
1201:Maria Beatrice of Savoy
1199:and his wife, Princess
1096:Final exile (1830–1848)
1076:On 4 August, in a long
1051:Revolution of July 1830
1010:Henry, Duke of Bordeaux
975:Prince Henri de Bourbon
935:Basilica of Saint-Denis
898:in 1814, and the first
728:The Imitation of Christ
392:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
337:Marie-Thérèse Charlotte
85:Queen consort of France
18:Marie Thérèse of France
5952:French Roman Catholics
5947:People from Versailles
5567:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
5521:Maria Theresa of Spain
5209:Beatrice of Vermandois
5056:Brunhilda of Austrasia
4901:Archduchess of Austria
4809:Maria Theresa of Savoy
4671:Princess Sophie Hélène
4577:Illegitimate children
4298:Charles, Duke of Berry
4292:King Felipe V of Spain
4125:Louis, Duke of Orléans
4120:Charles, Duke of Berry
3884:César, Duke of Vendôme
3535:Louise Marie d'Orléans
3481:Louise Diane d'Orléans
2112:Women of Modern France
1627:Augustus III of Poland
1366:All Those Who Suffered
1357:Theatre and literature
1171:Marie-Thérèse died of
1105:
1055:Château de Rambouillet
993:
822:
808:
781:Nicolas Marie Quinette
756:
680:In March 1793 General
610:On 5 October, a mixed
498:
454:
428:
411:
408:Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller
395:
382:Early life (1778–1789)
329:and Excellent Princess
327:Most High, Most Potent
172:Kostanjevica Monastery
5972:Children of Louis XVI
5283:Adelaide of Maurienne
5243:Adelaide of Aquitaine
5174:Ermentrude of Orléans
5164:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
4586:Charles de Vintimille
4380:Philip, Duke of Parma
4362:Ferdinand VI of Spain
3877:Illegitimate children
3634:Princess of the Blood
3385:Princess of the Blood
3139:Jacqueline of Bavaria
3050:— TITULAR —
2812:at Wikimedia Commons
2637:Nagel (2009), p. 370.
2387:Nagel (2009), p. 146.
2027:Nagel, Susan (2009).
1311:The French Revolution
1103:
970:
960:on 18 June 1815, the
814:
802:
746:
616:marched to Versailles
576:Move to the Tuileries
518:Sophie Hélène Béatrix
493:
450:
401:
389:
5457:Elisabeth of Austria
5447:Catherine de' Medici
5348:Clementia of Hungary
5343:Margaret of Burgundy
5323:Margaret of Provence
5303:Isabella of Hainault
5293:Constance of Castile
5288:Eleanor of Aquitaine
5278:Bertrade of Montfort
5179:Richilde of Provence
4367:Charles III of Spain
4115:King Felipe of Spain
3443:Louis, Grand Dauphin
3264:Princesses of France
3163:Catherine de' Medici
3147:Margaret of Scotland
3131:Margaret of Burgundy
2935:Cadet branch of the
2491:Skuy, David (2003).
2402:. 1907. p. 537.
2154:Nagel (2009), p. 47.
1987:References and notes
1335:as Marie Antoinette.
1331:opposite her mother
1236:Ernestine Lambriquet
1155:'s reign ended in a
1122:Francis I of Austria
1047:Les Trois Glorieuses
773:Hugues-Bernard Maret
769:Jean-Baptiste Drouet
655:Legislative Assembly
582:Bastille was stormed
481:Yolande de Polastron
416:Palace of Versailles
357:Duchess of Angoulême
351:, the eldest son of
133:Palace of Versailles
57:Duchess of Angoulême
5927:Dauphines of France
5363:Marie of Luxembourg
5358:Blanche of Burgundy
5308:Ingeborg of Denmark
5194:Théodrate of Troyes
5096:Balthild of Chelles
4791:Charles X of France
4371:Francisco of Spain
4197:Princess Marie Anne
4052:Princess Marie Anne
3949:Princess Marie Anne
3706:Daughters of France
3681:Adélaïde of Orléans
3658:Daughters of France
3590:Daughters of France
3409:Daughters of France
3298:Daughters of France
3112:Dauphines of France
1591:Louis XVI of France
1429:(2017), a manga by
1071:Chamber of Deputies
1002:Louis Pierre Louvel
900:Bourbon Restoration
828:She later moved to
777:Armand-Gaston Camus
637:was intercepted in
539:American Revolution
464:, Queen consort of
318:Your Royal Highness
5977:Daughters of kings
5621:Eugénie de Montijo
5612:House of Bonaparte
5541:House of Bonaparte
5506:Margaret of Valois
5473:House of Lancaster
5462:Louise of Lorraine
5442:Eleanor of Austria
5417:Charlotte of Savoy
5407:Isabeau of Bavaria
5392:Blanche of Navarre
5328:Isabella of Aragon
5318:Blanche of Castile
5298:Adela of Champagne
5258:Constance of Arles
5253:Bertha of Burgundy
5219:Gerberga of Saxony
4568:Princess Élisabeth
4472:Princess Henriette
3797:Margaret of Valois
3779:Henry IV of France
3155:Charlotte of Savoy
3069:Title next held by
3039:Title last held by
3024:Titles in pretence
3004:Title next held by
2970:Title last held by
2851:John Wilson Croker
2556:Diggines, Graham.
2434:(1 October 2007).
1507:Louis XV of France
1279:Duke of Wellington
1106:
1035:Madame la Dauphine
1020:Madame la Dauphine
994:
931:Madeleine Cemetery
823:
809:
412:
396:
368:Dauphine of France
359:. She was briefly
309:Her Royal Highness
53:Dauphine of France
5899:
5898:
5640:
5639:
5543:(1804–1814; 1815)
5526:Marie Leszczyńska
5486:Margaret of Anjou
5402:Joanna of Bourbon
5338:Joan I of Navarre
5273:Bertha of Holland
5263:Matilda of Frisia
5204:Eadgifu of Wessex
5184:Adelaide of Paris
5169:Judith of Bavaria
4917:
4916:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4497:Princess Victoire
4422:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3732:
3731:
3278:Philip V of Spain
3274:French Revolution
3230:
3229:
3123:Joanna of Bourbon
3079:
3078:
3052:
3018:
2984:
2808:Media related to
2752:Library resources
2504:978-0-7735-2457-6
2447:978-1-74329-365-2
2369:978-1-4299-0405-6
2301:978-0-521-42398-4
2268:978-1-4766-0243-1
2192:978-0-313-33446-7
2107:Thieme, Hugo Paul
2040:978-0-7475-9666-0
2013:978-1-84916-137-4
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1565:Marie Leszczyńska
1459:She appears as a
1448:978-0-593-10269-5
1410:Faces of the Dead
1394:Beneath the Crown
1380:Elena Maria Vidal
1149:Count of Chambord
1145:Schloss Frohsdorf
1132:, which was then
1014:Count of Chambord
846:Count of Provence
795:Exile (1795–1814)
603:, whose daughter
552:, jealousies and
534:French Revolution
506:Dauphin of France
334:
333:
323:Alternative style
276:
275:
228:
227:
76:Antoine-Jean Gros
16:(Redirected from
5989:
5700:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5593:House of Orléans
5565:House of Bourbon
5531:Marie Antoinette
5511:Marie de' Medici
5497:House of Bourbon
5437:Claude of France
5422:Anne of Brittany
5387:Joan of Burgundy
5333:Marie of Brabant
5313:Agnes of Merania
5134:Bertrada of Laon
4944:
4937:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4910:
4890:
4799:
4798:
4786:
4785:
4758:
4757:
4745:
4744:
4717:
4702:
4701:
4689:
4688:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4507:Princess Thérèse
4441:
4440:
4428:
4427:
4358:Felipe of Spain
4355:Felipe of Spain
4351:Louis I of Spain
4156:
4155:
4143:
4142:
3995:
3994:
3982:
3981:
3864:Madeleine (1556)
3802:Marie de' Medici
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3766:House of Bourbon
3759:
3752:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3695:8th generation (
3672:Madame Élisabeth
3647:7th generation (
3599:Madame Henriette
3579:6th generation (
3520:5th generation (
3441:4th generation (
3398:3rd generation (
3343:2nd generation (
3286:1st generation (
3257:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3048:
3012:
2978:
2954:
2947:
2946:19 December 1778
2938:Capetian dynasty
2930:House of Bourbon
2921:
2920:
2902:
2867:, translated by
2839:
2827:
2825:Biography portal
2822:
2821:
2820:
2807:
2730:
2702:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2672:on 28 April 2005
2668:. Archived from
2662:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2565:
2554:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2399:Le Correspondant
2394:
2388:
2385:
2374:
2373:
2357:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1977:Marie Antoinette
1488:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1341:Marie Antoinette
1333:Joely Richardson
1303:Marie-Antoinette
1291:Marie Antoinette
1286:Marilyn Knowlden
1063:Duke of Bordeaux
1006:Duchess of Berry
962:House of Bourbon
850:Paul I of Russia
686:Duke of Chartres
635:attempted flight
620:Tuileries Palace
514:Duke of Normandy
448:) with delight:
433:
424:Marie Antoinette
345:Marie Antoinette
298:
288:
283:
278:
277:
272:
259:Marie Antoinette
216:
215:
208:
206:
153:Frohsdorf Palace
149:
130:19 December 1778
129:
127:
72:
43:
42:
21:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5895:
5886:
5875:10th generation
5870:
5848:
5822:
5801:
5785:
5764:
5743:
5722:
5701:
5692:
5676:
5671:
5641:
5636:
5625:
5606:
5587:
5559:
5535:
5516:Anne of Austria
5491:
5466:
5378:House of Valois
5372:
5248:Rozala of Italy
5228:
5119:
5110:
4971:
4970:
4951:
4948:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4888:
4872:
4845:
4813:
4793:
4772:
4752:
4731:
4711:
4696:
4675:
4644:
4624:
4603:
4578:
4572:
4516:
4455:
4435:
4414:
4328:
4322:
4274:
4222:
4216:
4175:
4150:
4129:
4102:
4096:
4030:
4009:
3989:
3968:
3917:
3872:
3847:
3806:
3781:
3768:
3763:
3733:
3728:
3724:Louise d'Artois
3690:
3642:
3614:Madame Victoire
3574:
3515:
3436:
3393:
3338:
3281:
3266:
3261:
3231:
3226:
3114:
3109:
3070:
3061:
3053:
3040:
3037:
3035:July Revolution
3011:
3005:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2953:19 October 1851
2948:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2926:
2881:
2837:
2834:
2832:Primary sources
2823:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2776:
2775:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2727:
2711:
2709:Further reading
2706:
2705:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2654:. 29 July 2014.
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2568:
2555:
2551:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2377:
2370:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2253:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2079:
2075:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1973:
1476:
1456:
1436:When Blood Lies
1359:
1257:
1252:
1224:
1169:
1098:
1026:Count of Artois
1022:
972:
915:ultra-royalists
908:
889:Holyrood Palace
873:
871:Life in Britain
858:Count of Artois
816:
797:
750:
749:
720:Reign of Terror
647:
627:Axel von Fersen
590:Count of Artois
578:
570:Estates-General
558:Duke of Orléans
530:
516:, in 1785, and
430:fille de France
406:'s gardens (by
384:
361:Queen of France
328:
304:Reference style
286:
284:
281:
210:
202:
198:
195:
182:
161:Austrian Empire
151:
147:
146:19 October 1851
131:
125:
123:
87:
79:
59:
55:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5995:
5985:
5984:
5982:Exiled royalty
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5856:
5854:
5853:9th generation
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5827:8th generation
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5809:
5807:
5806:7th generation
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5790:6th generation
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5769:5th generation
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5748:4th generation
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5727:3rd generation
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5706:2nd generation
5703:
5702:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5681:1st generation
5678:
5677:
5670:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5647:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5570:
5568:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5481:
5479:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5427:Joan of France
5424:
5419:
5414:
5412:Marie of Anjou
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5368:Joan of Évreux
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5234:House of Capet
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5214:Emma of France
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4754:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3991:
3990:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3649:Louis, Dauphin
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3631:
3626:
3624:Madame Thérèse
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3282:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3003:
2998:
2996:for 20 minutes
2985:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:French royalty
2956:
2955:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2880:
2879:Other material
2877:
2876:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2844:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:External links
2744:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2725:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2657:
2639:
2630:
2599:
2566:
2549:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2483:
2474:
2453:
2446:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2389:
2375:
2368:
2342:
2333:
2325:
2307:
2300:
2286:Mansel, Philip
2274:
2267:
2244:
2224:
2198:
2191:
2171:
2156:
2147:
2126:
2098:
2091:
2073:
2046:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2003:Madame Tussaud
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1433:
1424:
1422:978-0545425315
1407:
1401:
1386:The Dark Tower
1383:
1373:
1370:Northern Irish
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1344:, directed by
1336:
1319:
1306:
1299:
1282:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1228:Hildburghausen
1223:
1220:
1209:Duke of Blacas
1195:, daughter of
1186:Roman Catholic
1168:
1165:
1153:Louis Philippe
1110:Regent Terrace
1097:
1094:
1040:ultra-royalist
1021:
1018:
907:
904:
872:
869:
865:Jelgava Palace
796:
793:
651:10 August 1792
646:
643:
577:
574:
529:
526:
383:
380:
332:
331:
324:
320:
319:
316:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
291:
290:
274:
273:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
226:
225:
221:
220:
212:
211:
200:
196:
191:
190:
188:
184:
183:
170:
168:
164:
163:
150:(aged 72)
144:
140:
139:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
81:
80:
73:
65:
64:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5994:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5663:
5661:
5656:
5654:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5582:Marie-Thérèse
5579:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5224:Emma of Italy
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:Grandchildren
4848:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:Grandchildren
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:grandchildren
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:Grandchildren
4277:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:grandchildren
4099:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:Grandchildren
4033:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:Grandchildren
3920:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Madame Louise
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2993:2 August 1830
2991:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2733:Lenotre, G.,
2732:
2728:
2726:0-396-05641-5
2722:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2619:
2618:The Telegraph
2615:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2588:
2587:The Telegraph
2584:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2545:1-873644-18-3
2542:
2538:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2326:2-213-01545-7
2322:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2092:2-262-00035-2
2088:
2084:
2083:Madame Royale
2077:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1981:Maria Theresa
1978:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Ryuhei Tamura
1428:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:, a novel by
1377:
1376:Madame Royale
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1350:Kirsten Dunst
1347:
1346:Sofia Coppola
1343:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1298:as the queen.
1297:
1296:Norma Shearer
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:George Arliss
1272:
1271:
1270:The Iron Duke
1266:
1265:Gladys Cooper
1262:
1261:
1260:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Prague Castle
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Duke of Berry
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
969:
965:
963:
959:
954:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
903:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:Great Britain
868:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
820:
813:
806:
801:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
760:
755:
754:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
723:
721:
716:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:Antoine Simon
693:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
586:Madame Royale
583:
573:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
525:
523:
522:Madame Sophie
519:
515:
511:
510:Louis-Charles
507:
503:
497:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Maria Theresa
453:
449:
447:
441:
439:
438:
437:Madame Royale
432:
431:
425:
421:
417:
409:
405:
404:Petit Trianon
400:
393:
388:
379:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
305:
301:
297:
292:
289:
279:
271:
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
222:
217:
213:
194:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
157:Lanzenkirchen
154:
145:
141:
138:
134:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:2 August 1830
95:
91:
86:
82:
77:
71:
66:
63:
62:
61:Madame Royale
58:
54:
49:
46:Marie-Thérèse
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5892:
5859:
5796:
5687:
5632:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5555:Marie Louise
5484:
5476:
5471:
5268:Anne of Kiev
5116:Carolingians
5091:Bertechildis
4977:Merovingians
4859:Prince Louis
4832:Mademoiselle
4831:
4723:
4655:
4290:
4221:Illegitimate
3714:
3709:
3705:
3676:
3657:
3633:
3589:
3530:
3451:
3417:
3408:
3384:
3353:
3317:
3296:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3071:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3030:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2890:
2863:
2802:
2785:Online books
2778:
2756:
2738:
2734:
2716:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2617:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2562:The Scotsman
2552:
2537:Mercat Press
2531:
2522:
2513:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2463:
2456:
2436:
2432:Price, Munro
2426:
2417:
2408:
2398:
2392:
2353:
2345:
2336:
2316:
2310:
2290:
2257:
2236:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:
2201:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2136:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2111:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2062:
2029:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1974:
1710:
1466:Grimms Notes
1464:
1435:
1427:Hungry Marie
1426:
1414:Suzanne Weyn
1409:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1339:
1326:
1316:Jane Seymour
1309:
1302:
1289:
1268:
1258:
1240:
1225:
1213:
1190:
1170:
1142:
1107:
1077:
1075:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1013:
995:
955:
946:Hundred Days
943:
937:, the royal
920:
909:
893:
874:
862:
827:
824:
817:(collection
761:
757:
751:
747:
732:
726:
724:
714:Conciergerie
712:
694:
679:
663:Temple Tower
648:
624:
611:
609:
598:
585:
579:
566:tuberculosis
562:
547:
531:
521:
499:
494:
489:
474:
455:
451:
445:
442:
435:
413:
376:
365:
336:
335:
315:Spoken style
285:
148:(1851-10-19)
74:Portrait by
51:
40:
5917:1851 deaths
5912:1778 births
5614:(1852–1870)
5595:(1830–1848)
5499:(1589–1792)
5477:(1422–1453)
5452:Mary Stuart
5380:(1328–1589)
5106:Chrothildis
5086:Wulfefundis
5081:Ragintrudis
5036:Austregilde
5031:Theudechild
4750:Louis XVIII
4714:Louis XVIII
4553:Louis XVIII
3222:(1824–1830)
3214:(1770–1774)
3206:(1747–1765)
3198:(1745–1746)
3190:(1711–1712)
3182:(1680–1690)
3174:(1558–1559)
3171:Mary Stuart
3166:(1536–1547)
3158:(1451–1461)
3150:(1436–1445)
3142:(1415–1417)
3134:(1412–1415)
3126:(1350–1364)
2838:(in French)
2066:. pp.
1454:Video games
1440:C.S. Harris
1323:Daisy Bevan
1294:, opposite
1273:, opposite
1232:Dark Counts
1218:of France.
1182:Nova Gorica
983:Louis XVIII
911:Louis XVIII
741:Robespierre
543:food prices
508:, in 1781,
366:She became
176:Nova Gorica
108:Pretendence
5906:Categories
5432:Mary Tudor
5236:(987–1328)
5121:Robertians
5071:Gomentrude
5046:Galswintha
4991:Ultragotha
4694:Louis XVII
4666:Louis XVII
3987:Louis XIII
3818:Louis XIII
3345:Louis XIII
2899:Q115736563
2676:10 October
2623:1 December
2592:1 December
2467:. p.
2140:. p.
2119:1 December
1250:In fiction
1244:television
1157:revolution
939:necropolis
896:Napoleon I
789:Francis II
675:Louis XVII
671:guillotine
622:in Paris.
554:xenophobia
550:Versailles
446:Mousseline
440:at birth.
422:and Queen
343:and Queen
126:1778-12-19
88:(disputed)
5199:Frederuna
5189:Richardis
5149:Hildegard
5127:(751–987)
5101:Bilichild
5051:Fredegund
5026:Marcovefa
5021:Merofleda
5016:Ingoberga
4979:(509–751)
4802:Spouse(s)
4761:Spouse(s)
4633:Spouse(s)
4622:Louis XVI
4558:Charles X
4548:Louis XVI
4444:Spouse(s)
4159:Spouse(s)
4148:Louis XIV
4021:Louis XIV
3998:Spouse(s)
3959:Louis XIV
3790:Spouse(s)
3697:Louis XVI
3400:Louis XIV
2893:: 42–43.
2317:Louis XVI
2212:Biography
1338:In 2006,
1321:In 2001,
1216:Louis XIX
1173:pneumonia
1114:Edinburgh
1086:Cherbourg
1030:Charles X
885:Edinburgh
709:Élisabeth
659:abolished
594:Louis XVI
580:When the
541:and high
420:Louis XVI
372:Charles X
363:in 1830.
341:Louis XVI
282:Styles of
265:Signature
249:Louis XVI
5159:Luitgard
5154:Fastrada
5139:Gerberga
5125:Bosonids
5076:Nanthild
5066:Sichilde
5061:Bertrude
5041:Audovera
5001:Radegund
4996:Guntheuc
4986:Clotilde
4899:also an
4893:also an
4830:Sophie,
4818:Children
4649:Children
4579:included
4460:Children
4433:Louis XV
4346:Louis XV
4223:children
4180:Children
4014:Children
3852:Siblings
3811:Children
3717: :
3708: :
3679: :
3660: :
3636: :
3592: :
3581:Louis XV
3533: :
3454: :
3420: :
3411: :
3387: :
3358: :
3322: :
3301: :
3288:Henry IV
2895:Wikidata
2288:(1991).
2109:(1908).
2060:(1852).
1474:Ancestry
1161:Republic
1134:Austrian
958:Waterloo
950:Bordeaux
923:Republic
834:Courland
690:Austrian
667:executed
639:Varennes
631:Montmédy
180:Slovenia
5633:italics
5011:Aregund
2652:Spiegel
1442:(2022)
1416:(2014)
1277:as the
1138:cholera
1130:Gorizia
1090:Britain
1078:cortège
1059:his son
838:Jelgava
733:Voyages
701:cobbler
669:on the
612:cortège
605:Pauline
410:, 1785)
394:, 1785)
239:Bourbon
209:
201:
197:
5006:Ingund
4101:Great
3066:Vacant
3031:Vacant
3001:Vacant
2967:Vacant
2949:
2897:
2754:about
2723:
2543:
2501:
2444:
2366:
2323:
2298:
2265:
2189:
2089:
2037:
2010:
1446:
1420:
1118:Prague
1049:, the
927:Empire
842:Latvia
783:, and
705:Temple
645:Temple
470:Sicily
466:Naples
255:Mother
245:Father
187:Spouse
167:Burial
137:France
93:Tenure
78:, 1816
4889:Notes
4327:Great
2951:Died:
2944:Born:
2737:, in
2696:[
2217:7 May
1167:Death
1028:, as
836:(now
830:Mitau
496:year.
234:House
219:Names
203:(
199:
5797:None
5688:None
5123:and
4905:both
4722:See
4705:Note
2721:ISBN
2678:2004
2625:2013
2594:2013
2541:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2219:2023
2187:ISBN
2121:2013
2087:ISBN
2035:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1925:15.
1867:14.
1805:13.
1747:12.
1683:11.
1625:10.
1461:boss
1444:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1368:; a
1255:Film
1178:Görz
731:and
703:and
699:, a
468:and
143:Died
120:Born
34:and
2889:".
2360:336
2070:–6.
1893:7.
1831:3.
1773:6.
1709:1.
1651:5.
1589:2.
1563:9.
1531:4.
1505:8.
1463:in
1438:by
1412:by
1288:in
1267:in
1112:in
925:or
735:by
649:On
5908::
2650:.
2616:.
2602:^
2585:.
2569:^
2469:68
2378:^
2362:.
2277:^
2247:^
2227:^
2210:.
2049:^
1188:.
1163:.
1140:.
1016:.
989:;
985:;
981:;
977:;
891:.
840:,
832:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
722:.
596:.
572:.
520:,
512:,
504:,
205:m.
178:,
174:,
159:,
155:,
135:,
5862:*
5666:e
5659:t
5652:v
5635:.
5118:,
4943:e
4936:t
4929:v
4728:.
3758:e
3751:t
3744:v
3699:)
3651:)
3583:)
3524:)
3445:)
3402:)
3347:)
3290:)
3280:.
3256:e
3249:t
3242:v
3104:e
3097:t
3090:v
2901:.
2729:.
2680:.
2627:.
2596:.
2547:.
2507:.
2471:.
2450:.
2372:.
2331:.
2329:.
2304:.
2271:.
2221:.
2195:.
2144:.
2142:4
2123:.
2095:.
2068:4
2043:.
2016:.
1400:.
1318:.
1281:.
821:)
807:)
763:(
128:)
124:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_of_France_at_her_own_marriage.png){kind=small}
