Mangalorean Catholics

719: 1598: 5271:: As soon as Hyder was informed of this, he caused these merchants to appear before him, with the chief of the Portuguese factory, and several Christian priests belonging to the three churches at Mangalore. He then demanded of the Portuguese chief and the priests, what punishment the Christians inflict on those who should presume to betray their sovereign, by giving assistance to his enemies. The Portuguese officer having without hesitation answered that such a crime deserved death, Hyder replied, "I do not judge in that manner, for our laws are milder. Since they have made themselves English by engaging to serve them, their property shall be adjudged to belong to Englishmen; and themselves shall be thrown into prison till I make peace with that nation." 1621:, on the former outskirts of Mangalore, in honour of the memory of Mangalorean Catholic martyrs who died on the march and during their 15-year captivity at Seringapatam. During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and Mangalore with the introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. These ships facilitated the entry of Mangalorean Catholics to Bombay. In 1993, the Mangalore Diocese estimated the population of Mangalorean Catholics to be 325,510 out of a total South Canara population of 3,528,540. This amounts to 9.23 per cent of the population. A notable post-independence era event pertaining to the Mangalorean Catholics that occurred in southern Karnataka, and made national headlines, were the 2328:. The dialect does not distinguish between the nouns of Kannada and Konkani and has developed into a language that is very practical for business. Some Kannada root words which have disappeared from the Goan dialects due to the influence of Portuguese have re-entered the Mangalorean lexicon. 350–400 Portuguese lexical items are found in the Mangalorean Catholic dialect, of which more than half are related to religious terminology. The influence of Portuguese syntax is only found in some sets of phrases and prayers which have come down from the pre-migration era. 6246:, p. 286: "A link is thus maintained in the Community's contact with and contribution to the hometown. The Christians had migrated to urban areas especially cities like Bangalore, Bombay, Calcutta, Karachi, Madras, Mysore and Pune in search of greener pastures just as other agrarian communities from other parts of India had done."; "The earlier of the Christians to leave South Kanara were the Protestants of the Basel Mission, a few men who left in the 1880s and landed in Bombay. The Catholics comprising a few men came into Bombay almost a decade later." 5794:, p. ix: "Members of our community may now be found all over the world – from Norway in the north to Chile in the Southwest and New Zealand in the Southeast. There are Mangaloreans in virtually every country in Europe and in virtually every state of the United States. There are Mangaloreans in unusual and exotic locations like Korea, the Bahamas and Papua New Guinea. What binds these diverse and far-flung members of the Mangalorean community is that they commonly descend from a small group of families who returned to their homeland in 1799." 1060: 6425:, p. xiii: "If a comprehensive survey of the South Kanara Catholic community, as a whole, were to be attempted, my guess is that about half would still be residing either in Mangalore itself or in one of the smaller towns or villages of the district. Of the remaining half, about 15% would be residing in other parts of Karnataka (mainly Bangalore and the Ghats), another 15% in Bombay and its surrounding areas, another 10% in the Persian Gulf countries, another 5% in other parts of India, and the remaining 5% in other parts of the world." 1147:

beginning of their empire, priests had accompanied Portuguese delegations on diplomatic missions and on occasion were the principal negotiators. Treaties they signed with the Keladi Nayakas progressively incorporated clauses which increased the authority of the priests over the local Catholic population, making them obedient to the priests in matters of Christian laws as well as granting priests the authority to punish violations. The Portuguese promised to refrain from slaughtering cows and to halt forcible conversions in their

1281: 1432: 1547: 14581: 3220:

of a widow as something unnatural. Canon law did allow remarriage for widows and therefore there was no direct prohibition for widows to remarry in the society of the Christians of South Canara. Few women had the courage to go against the strict conventions of their community. A widow who remarried was looked down upon, pitied, and shunned as unlucky. But she was not ill-treated or made an outcast, and no stigma was attached to her husband. Succession to property was practised as per the Hindu laws.

2858: 696:. Their properties were subsequently taken over by their Hindu relatives, but the viceroy instructed his factor of Mangalore to get their property restored. In 1534 Canara was placed under the ecclesiastic jurisdiction of the Bishop of Goa, where the Portuguese had a strong presence. Missionaries soon arrived and gained converts. The number of local converts in South Canara continually increased until 1546. During the mid-16th century, the Portuguese faced resistance from 827:." Later, this was identified as a probable mistake and should have read "8,000". This figure included the second emigration of Christians from Goa. The taxation policies of the Keladi Nayakas during 1598–1763 enabled the Goan Catholic migrants to emerge as prominent landowning gentry in South Canara. These migrants usually brought their own capital from Goa, which they invested in their new lands, thereby indirectly contributing to the prosperity of the Keladi kingdom. 15037: 14461: 12379: 1819: 15047: 14450: 12368: 4030: 3233: 3164: 14576: 1909: 1328:, a German historian, claimed "countless" Mangalorean Catholics were hanged, including women with their children clinging around their necks. Others were trampled or dragged by elephants. The able-bodied young men were drafted into the army after being circumcised and converted to Islam. The young women and girls were distributed as wives to Muslim officers and favourites living in Seringapatam. According to Mr. Silva of 2427: 1166: 2934: 856: 3092: 1355: 2255: 1192:, by his finance minister. The priest's house was returned to the church in 1709. Relations between the Wodeyars and the Mangalorean Catholics improved until 1717, when there was an anti-Christian outburst. The resident priest was expelled and forbidden to preach. Several more anti-Christian outbursts followed. By 1736, there were better relations between the two groups. 2580: 3354:(stage). The play is conducted by males belonging to both the brides' and bridegrooms' parties, and usually takes place for two or three nights. The plays performed are usually those of Biblical stories, and their morals are presented with the purpose of educating the bride and bridegroom. This tradition has almost completely died out among the present generation. 1229:, due to "the rage of Islam that began to boil in his breast", Tipu banished the Mangalorean Catholic community from their lands, and imprisoned them at Seringapatam, the capital of his empire. The captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam, which began on 24 February 1784 and ended on 4 May 1799, remains the most disconsolate memory in their history. 1507:. The Mangalore Mission was transferred to the French Carmelites by a bull dated 3 January 1870. During the regime of Carmelites, the Mangalorean Catholics constantly sent memorandums to the Holy See to send Jesuits to Mangalore to start institutions for higher education, since students frequently had to go to Bombay and Madras for educational purposes. 1332:, a survivor of the captivity, if a person who had escaped from Seringapatam was found, Tipu had ordered the cutting off of the ears, nose, the feet, and one hand as punishment. The persecutions continued until 1792. This was followed by a brief relaxation period from 1792 to 1797, during which a few Catholic families managed to escape to Coorg, 505:, led to the formation of a separate and common cultural identity among members of the group, who had previously considered themselves an extension of Goans. They no longer self-identified as Goan Catholics after the captivity. Historian Alan Machado Prabhu estimates that almost 95 per cent of Mangalorean Catholics have origins in Goa. 3124:

birth celebrations, weddings, and funeral feasts. The Hindus accepted such invitations. Unlike the Hindu counterpart, a high-caste Mangalorean Catholic did not consider himself polluted upon physical contact with a member of the lower caste, but members of different castes did not fraternise or invite each other home for dinner.

3461:, which broke the Guinness record for non-stop singing, and the Catholic Association of South Kanara (CASK). The first session of the Canara Konkani Catholic World Convention took place on 26 December 2004 in Mangalore. The convention aimed to establish institutions to conduct research on the history of Mangalorean Catholics. 3107:. Rather than being a closely knit and united group, the Goan Catholic immigrants and their progeny did not associate with the native Catholics on account of caste, origin, and language, and even among themselves were strongly divided by caste. The Hindu uppercastes, including the indigenous Brahmins (mostly belonging to the 1759: 2891:) is a necklace made of black beads strung on gold wire as either as a single chain or double chain, with a connecting pendant. This necklace is worn as long as the husband is alive; a widow is expected to take it off. It is highly prized by women as the symbol of their married state. A widow is expected to wear a black 2487:

Portuguese, there did not develop a community identified with Portugal and Portuguese culture. The Mangalorean Catholics have no uniform rituals since they belong to both the patrilineal Brahmin stock and to the matrilineal non-Brahmin stock. Their marriage rites share many similarities with the Shenvi sub-caste of the

3389:, leads the song while the rest of the women sing along. Only women whose husbands are still living may sing. In ancient times, the wedding songs expressed very lofty sentiments and gave vent to the feelings of the people about the marriage partners and their families, invoking the blessing of God on them. 3219:

were present in most parishes. About 15 percent of the households in the parishes were literate. A widow had to remain indoors, practically for the rest of her life. Since high-caste Hindu widows cannot remarry after the death of their husbands, the high-caste Christians too considered the remarriage

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were Mangalorean Catholic men of good moral character who were selected as headmen in Christian settlements. They were entrusted with the social and religious supervision of the community. After migration, the only possible occupation of a Mangalorean Catholic was agriculture, since they were skilled

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The Christians were alleged to have helped General Mathews with a sum of Rs. 3,30,000/-. Hyder summoned a Portuguese officer and several Christian priests from Mangalore to suggest the punishment for the Mangalorean Catholics for treachery. The Portuguese officer suggested the death penalty for those

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in the Middle East. The Mangalorean Catholic Association of Sydney (MCAS) has estimated that around 300 Mangalorean Catholic families live in Sydney, Australia, with a lot of second generation families. Many of these are multi-racial, being married into Anglo-Saxon, Spanish, Italian, Greek, and

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of Canara; he was asked not to submit to Bishop de Castro unless he showed the letter of appointment. However, after being convinced of its legitimacy, Fr. Vaz submitted to Bishop de Castro and brought about a truce. He further managed to persuade the bishop to delegate his jurisdiction to him while

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which is made of finely woven silk and is decorated with elaborate engravings. In olden days, the bride wore on her head a red cloth, three feet square. Gold ornaments were absent in those days: the bride went to the church dressed as a virgin girl. In modern times, the bride wears (in place of the

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control of the throne of the Kingdom of Mysore through the Wodeyar dynasty. Hyder occupied Mangalore in 1763. The Mangalorean Catholics numbered 80,000 in 1767. In February 1768 the British captured Mangalore from Hyder. Toward the end of 1768, Hyder and his son Tipu Sultan defeated the British and

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Subsequent to this steady rise in South Canara's Catholic population, the Portuguese took advantage of every opportunity to extend their control over the Mangalorean Catholics, who came to be identified with Portuguese interests. The Portuguese sought to expand the power of the priests, as from the

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halted the activity of the Portuguese, and they were gradually unable to send the required number of missionaries to Mangalore. Shivappa Nayaka had previously expelled the Portuguese from their forts a little before 1660, which brought about considerable changes in the ecclesiastical situation. The

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decreed that every trace of Hindu customs should be eradicated through the Inquisition. Many Goan Christians of upper-caste Hindu origins were attached to their caste practices, and did not want to abandon them. Those converts who refused to comply were forced to leave Goa and to settle outside the

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did not associate with the Catholic Christians and would not admit them into their houses on account of their religion. However, a close contact was kept by the Catholics with the Hindus of the same caste who were migrants from Goa. Catholics would invite their Hindu cousins to festivities such as

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of Canara in June 1799. He passed three orders in respect of the estates of the Christians, which were taken over by non-Christians during the captivity. Through the assistance of the church and with the support of Munro, the Christians were able to recover their lands and estates. Fr. José Miguel

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After arriving at Seringapatam, the Christian captives were made to forcibly embrace Islam, were tortured, or sentenced to death. The young men who refused to embrace Islam were disfigured by cutting their noses, upper lips, and ears. They were seated on asses, paraded through the city, and thrown

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after his return from Seringapatam, 20,000 of them (one-third) died on the march to Seringapatam due to hunger, disease, and ill treatment by the soldiers. At the camp at Jamalabad fort, Mangalorean Catholic leaders were thrown down from the fort. All Christian churches in South Canara, except the

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following the vacancy created by his death, forbade the Canara Catholics from receiving the sacraments from the bishop or from priests appointed by him. In his turn, Bishop de Castro excommunicated those Catholics who were obedient to the Padroado authorities in Goa and their priests. In 1681, the

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for disregarding the Padroado. Consequently, they did not cede the jurisdiction to him despite the Pope's letter of appointment. The Padroado–Propaganda conflict which ensued divided the Catholics of Canara into two sides—those who recognised the authority of the Padroado Archbishop in Goa versus

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Mangalorean Catholics have retained many Indian customs and traditions; these are especially visible during the celebration of a marriage. Their culture is more traditional and Indian. Though the Portuguese traded quite frequently in Mangalore, and most of the priests arriving in the region were

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by Richard Crasta. Genealogist Michael Lobo published the first genealogical Encyclopedia of the Mangalorean Catholic community in 1999. This genealogical encyclopaedia, which exceeds 6,000 pages, covers over a thousand families, each of which is researched as far as its ancestry can be traced.

1790:

was established in Mangalore by Simon Alvares, a Mangalorean Catholic from Bombay, in 1878. In 1991–1992, out of twelve Mangalore tile manufacturing factories in Mangalore, six were owned by Christians. These tiles, prepared from hard clay, were in great demand throughout India, Myanmar, and Sri

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Lanka, and were even shipped to East Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Australia. These were the only tiles to be recommended for Government buildings in India, and still define Mangalore's skyline and characterise its urban setting. Urban and rural housing follows the traditional variety of

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Most migrants were people from the lower economic strata who had been left out of government and economic jobs; their lands had been confiscated due to heavy taxation under the Portuguese in Goa. As a consequence of the wealth and privileges which these migrants enjoyed in Mangalore, they began

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The Italian Jesuits who arrived in Mangalore in 1878, devoted themselves to the study and development of Konkani, and were thus responsible for the revival of the Konkani language in Mangalore. The origin of their literature dates to 1883, when Angelus Francis Xavier Maffei, an Italian Jesuit,

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castes to special occasions such as weddings and baptisms, although the latter would have to observe certain restrictions with regards to sitting and eating. The lower castes felt honoured if they were invited and usually accepted such invitations. The upper castes usually did not attend the

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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore estimates the population of Mangalorean Catholics in the areas that comprise historical South Canara to be 360,000 out of a total population of 3,957,071, or approximately 9.5 per cent of the population. Other regions of India having a significant

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By the end of the 20th century however, social categorization and differentiation became manifested not on various factors apart from caste. Mangalorean Catholic society had become very mobile owing to factors such as education, job affiliation, non-agricultural jobs, acquisition of wealth,

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jurisdiction, and hence when we speak of the Mangalorean Catholics, we do not limit ourselves only to the roughly 60,000 Catholics within the city limits, but to a total of much over 200,000 Catholics spread over the whole diocese, which is co-terminous with the civil district of South

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and oil. They would apply it with the help of two leaves of a mango tree over the forehead, neck, chest, shoulder arms and legs of the bride. A similar pattern was followed wherein the Christian bride was smeared with turmeric paste, coconut milk, rice flour with the leaves of

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ascended to the throne. The onslaught of Sambhaji along the northern territories of Goa drove nearly all the Christians from their homelands, and most of them migrated to South Canara. Migration increased with the fall of the Portuguese "Province of the North" (which included

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Under the leadership of Joachim Pius Noronha, a Mangalorean Catholic priest, and John Joseph Saldanha, a Mangalorean Catholic judge, the Mangalorean Catholics sent a petition to the Holy See in 1840 to establish Mangalore as a separate Vicariate. Conceding to their request,

628:. According to historian Severine Silva, no concrete evidence has yet been found that there were any permanent settlements of Christians in South Canara before the 16th century. It was only after the advent of the Portuguese in the region that Christianity began to spread. 1424:

Luis de Mendes, a Goan Catholic priest, was appointed Vicar of Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore on 7 December 1799. He took interest in the re-establishment of the community from 1799 to 1808. Later, British general John Goldsborough Ravenshaw was appointed collector of

2750:(golden hem) tied around the head like a turban in a particular manner by which they could be easily identified as Catholics. In modern times however, this mode has changed. Only a few older people can be seen wearing this traditional dress on church-going occasions. 1241:(24 February 1784). Accounts of the number of captives differ, ranging from 30,000 to 80,000. The generally accepted figure is 60,000, as per Tipu's own records. They were forced to climb nearly 4,000 feet (1,200 m) through the dense jungles and gorges of the 1542:

industry, coffee plantations, and trade in plantation products. They prospered under the British and competed with the local Brahmins for offices in the service of the British. The overwhelming majority of Mangalorean Catholics continued to remain agriculturists.

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The Christians who left Goa were for the most part skilled agriculturists who abandoned their irrigated fields in Goa to achieve freedom. The remainder were skilled carpenters, goldsmiths, artisans, and merchants. At the time of migration, Canara was ruled by the

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and the Canara coast in the 13th century. It can be surmised that foreign Christian merchants were visiting the coastal towns of South Canara during that period for commerce; it is possible some Christian priests might have accompanied them for evangelistic work.

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consist of two ordinary combs with the upper part of each one plated with gold; they are worn in the hair on both sides of the head over the ears. On the way to church the bride wears some white and red flowers stuck in the hair. In the centre of the forehead, a

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was a popular musical instrument played especially during weddings. The instrument has the form of an earthen pot but is open at both sides. One end is covered with the skin of some wild animal, and the other is left open. The traditional theatre form is called

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Historian Alan Machado Prabhu mentions that only 11,000 survived the captivity as Christians. British general Arthur Wellesley helped 10,000 of them return to South Canara and resettle on their lands. Of the remaining Christians freed, about a thousand went to

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at Farangipet, were razed to the ground and all land owned by the captured Christians was taken over by Tipu and distributed among his favourites. After they were freed, all their belongings had disappeared and their deserted lands were being cultivated by the

815:(1540–60). He evinced great interest in the development of agriculture in his empire and welcomed these agriculturists to his kingdom, giving them fertile lands to cultivate. They were recruited into the armies of the Bednore dynasty. This was confirmed by 1893:

are sweet delicacies prepared during Christmas and include around 22 varieties of sweets. Fish and rice form the staple diet of most Mangalorean Catholics. Par-boiled rice, known as red rice, is the traditional rice eaten and is preferred over raw rice.

1211:

Later, he opened negotiations with the Portuguese. As a result of the agreement, the suspicion against the clergy and the Christians was removed. During Hyder's regime, the Mangalorean Catholic community continued to flourish. After Hyder's death in the

1204:

recaptured Mangalore fort. After the conquest, Hyder was informed that the Mangalorean Catholics had helped the British in their conquest of Mangalore. Hyder believed that this behaviour of the Christians amounted to treachery against the sovereign.

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in 1784, Tipu gained control of Canara. He issued orders to seize the Christians in Canara, confiscate their estates, and deport them to Seringapatam, through the Jamalabad fort route. All this was accomplished in a secret and well-planned move on

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on 7 December 1782, the British captured the fort again. Hyder was succeeded by his son Tipu Sultan. Tipu laid several assaults on the Mangalore fort until January 1784, all of which resulted in failure. The fort was finally delivered to Tipu when

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to be of critical importance. Nayaka pressured the church authorities to appoint a native priest as the Vicar Apostolic, which resulted in the appointment of Fr. Andrew Gomez to the post; however, he died before the nomination papers could reach

1586:. The Mangalorean Catholics came to Bombay out of economic necessity. The first permanent settlement of Mangalorean Catholics in Bombay was recorded in the 1890s. The first Mangalorean Catholic settlement in Madras was recorded in the 1940s. 781:

wars occurred between 1667–83 and 1737–40. Other factors that led to mass migrations were disease epidemics, famines, natural calamities, overpopulation, poor living conditions, heavy tax burdens, and social discrimination by the Portuguese.

3339:(How I Have Loved Thee) from 1977 is popular. Konkani plays, especially religious ones, were written and staged in Mangalore in the 20th century by prominent playwrights such as Pedru John D'Souza, Pascal Sequeira and Bonaventure Tauro. The 1795:

brick structures with Mangalore tile roofing on steeply sloped roofs. Inside the house, a spacious hall is present while a large verandah is present in front of the house. The traditional houses tend to have spacious porticos, red cement or

1151:. The terms of these treaties were not always honoured by the Portuguese, with the result that whenever hostilities broke out between the Keladis and the Portuguese, the Catholic settlers were often harassed or arrested by the Nayakas. 6925:, p. 168, "The Konkani Christians had names of saints like Peter, John, James, Jacob and Portuguese surnames like Saldanha, Britto, Coelho, Pinto, Vas and others. Some did have Hindu surnames: Shet, Shenoy, Kamath, Padival, etc." 9509:

A Journey from Madras Through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar: For the Express Purpose of Investigating the State of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce, the Religion, Manners, and Customs, the History Natural and Civil, and

3279:(Jesus entered the Garden of Gethsemene) was written by Fr. Joachim Miranda, an 18th-century Goan Catholic priest, when he was held captive by Tipu Sultan on his Canara mission. Mons. Minguel Placid Colaco wrote the devotional hymn 2391:(Donation) (1965) by Raymond Miranda. The twentieth-century literature focused on themes like the suffering of the Mangalorean Catholics during their 15-year captivity at Seringapatam and the oppression of Goan Catholics during the 5524:, p. 74: "More than one third of the number succumbed before the party reached Seringapatam. This account of the siege and captivity of the Kanara Catholics is taken from old Kanarese manuscript written by a Catholic of the Barkur 1971:

are common among Mangalorean Catholics, and generally follow the second declension. Rarely, other European surnames are found as well. Mangalorean Catholics use Konkanised forms of their surnames in Konkani conversations, such as

1835:.This changed during the 20th century, when with the advent of Westernisation, meat came to be consumed increasingly in the community, especially amongst the elite. Coconut and curry leaves are common ingredients to most curries. 1442:

In 1800, there were 2,545 Catholic households with a population of 10,877. Their population almost doubled by 1818. According to various parish books, Mangalorean Catholics numbered 19,068 in South Canara (12,877 in Mangalore and

1184:, had a community of more than 400 Catholics. The community was severely harassed in the following two decades, with the churches destroyed and the priest's house confiscated. The destruction was undertaken under the name of the 5105: 3939:

was well preserved and worn only on high feast-days or for weddings. Sometimes, a particularly precious sado was handed down from mother to daughter and considered a valuable heirloom. The cost of a sado was reckoned in

10608:

A Gazetteer of the World: Or, Dictionary of Geographical Knowledge, Compiled from the Most Recent Authorities, and Forming a Complete Body of Modern Geography — Physical, Political, Statistical, Historical, and

9135: 671:, granted commercial privileges to the Portuguese on the Canara coast. There was complete freedom of worship, belief, and propagation of religious tenets in the Vijaynagara Empire. In 1526, under the viceroyship of 789:

Jesuit Francis Xavier, co-founder of the Society of Jesus; arrived in Goa. He discovered that the newly converted Christians were practising their old Hindu customs and traditions. He requested the Portuguese king

704:, the Queen of the Bednore dynasty. This put a halt to conversions. The first battle between Abbakka Rani and the Portuguese was fought in 1546; she emerged victorious and drove the Portuguese out of South Canara. 1716:

has estimated that approximately half of the Mangalorean Catholics still reside in Mangalore and the other towns in the South Canara district. As for the remaining half, about 15 per cent reside in other parts of

8915: 8115: 1704:. They are mainly descended from those Catholics who fled the persecution and roundup by Tipu Sultan. The Mangalorean Catholic diaspora is scattered across the globe. Many Mangalorean Catholics are found in 3476:(established in 2007) a non profit group to promote skill development and success among Mangalorean Catholic Entrepreneurs, students and catholic institutions are part of the efforts to help the community. 1208:

Catholics who helped the British, because it was a fitting punishment for people who betrayed the sovereign. But Hyder exhibited a diplomatic stance and imprisoned the Christians, rather than killing them.

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Tipu received highly exaggerated reports about the role of the Mangalorean Catholics and their help to the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. To minimise the British threat to his kingdom and in the

9046: 2674: 2502:) ceremony, conducted one or two days before a wedding, celebrates the last day of virginity of the bride and bridegroom and involves the parents' blessing of the bride and groom, who are anointed with 1466:

of 1834 in Mangalore brought many handicraft industries, such as cotton weaving and tile-manufacturing, to the region and led to a large-scale rise in employment. In 1836–37, the political situation in

2474:(Bible) was written in the Kannada script, and published by the Mangalore-based Konkani Bible committee in 1997. In 2000, the Mangalore Diocese also released a Konkani Bible in Kannada script entitled 1349: 4231: 4012:

was improved in the course of time. Later longish beads of gold were inserted between the black glass beads and a pendant was added. The earliest pendant was a round disk of silver. It was called

2279:, which they have retained as their mother tongue despite the migration; the language is central to the community's identity. They speak a dialect known as Mangalorean Catholic Konkani, which the 15083: 8652: 1419:

Later, the British took over South Canara. In 1800, they took a census of the region. Of the 396,672 people living in South Canara, 10,877 were Christians. Thomas Munro was appointed the first

3275:(Lutheran University of Brazil). The Silver Band, started in 1906 by Lawrence D'Souza in Mangalore, is one of the oldest and most popular brass bands in Mangalore. The well-known Konkani hymn 922:

The Portuguese refused to recognise Bishop de Castro's appointment and vigorously opposed his activities. Archbishop Brandão's sudden death on 6 July 1678 further complicated matters, and the

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priest at Farangipet, in 1763. Although Tipu Sultan destroyed the churches of Canara, he spared Monte Mariano Church in deference to the friendship of his father Hyder Ali with Fr. Miranda.

4167:, p. 203: "This city (Mangalore) has a very influential proportion of Roman Catholics, numbering over a good quarter of the total population. It is the seat of the Diocese of Mangalore, a 1800:

floors, and have fruit trees outside the house. The old Catholic houses of South Canara bear traces of Portuguese influence. The tall windows, pointed roofs, and verandahs are some of the

1428:. He took an active part in the restoration of the Catholic community's former possessions and the recovery of its estates. He constructed a church for them, which was completed in 1806. 1459:). Most of the churches which were earlier destroyed by Tipu were rebuilt by 1815. The community prospered under the British, and the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Goa recommenced. 13137: 12974: 463:

slowly increased. However, a sizeable Christian population did not exist there until the second half of the 16th century, when there was a large-scale immigration of Christians from

5102: 525: 47: 5340:"In Tipu's own writings, he justified his action as arising from "the rage of Islam that began to boil in his breast" for something that the Portuguese had done centuries before." 2534:(changing hands; formal acceptance of the promise made by the bride's father to the bridegroom's father that he will give his daughter in marriage). The bride is adorned with the 4002:(the auspicious necklace). It is the symbol of the married state. In the olden days, the Mangalsutra was made of black glass beads strung on a thread made of the fibres of dried 913: 8138: 7412: 6755: 1024:

were especially renowned for their loathing of Christianity. Fearing persecution, many Goan Catholics fled to South Canara during this second wave of migrations, and settled in

10979:

The dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington : during his various campaigns in India, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, the Low Countries, and France, from 1799 to 1818

7499: 9255: 15076: 973:(St. Francis of Assisi) at Farangipet were erected by the Portuguese in South Canara at around the same time. These three churches were mentioned by the Italian traveller 4198: 8925: 1605:

In 1901, Mangalorean Catholics accounted for 76,000 of the total 84,103 Christians in South Canara., while in 1962, they numbered 186,741. During the mid-20th century,

1392:, the Mangalorean Catholics were freed from his captivity. Of the 60,000–80,000 Mangalorean Catholics taken captive, only 15,000–20,000 made it out as Christians. 1119:

districts of Goa during the Maratha invasion. During the Maratha raids on Goa, about 60,000 Christians migrated to South Canara. These new migrants were given lands at

1040:. For the next century, there was continual migration of Goan Catholics southwards, so that by 1650, a considerable number of Catholics were settled around Mangalore, 12729: 11579: 1538:, which is considered to be an important landmark in the community's history. By the later half of the 19th century, many Mangalorean Catholics were involved in the 5654:(Letter of a Mr. L.R. Silva to his sister, copy of which was given by an advocate, M.M. Shanbhag, to the author, Severine Silva, and reproduced as Appendix No. 74: 2822:

is not thrown over the shoulder; it is wrapped around the waist. The bride wears a few gold ornaments, some rings on the fingers, earrings, and at least two of the

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https://web.archive.org/web/20240922154325/https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai-guide/mumbai-food/article/Mumbai-Mangalore-stores-slow-business-Food-Mumbai-Food-17654199

1475:. Antonio Feliciano de Santa Rita Carvalho, a Portuguese priest, was appointed Archbishop-elect of Goa in September 1836 without authorisation from the then Pope, 9914: 2769:

is a piece of cloth not longer than four feet, and about three feet wide. It was wrapped around the body from the waist down. A jacket with long sleeves called a

15069: 15002: 2734:), a piece of unstitched cloth, usually around 7 yards (6.4 m) long, was wrapped around the waist and the legs and knotted at the waist. The turban called 12759: 2895:

for the remainder of her life, and is not allowed to wear ornaments. The bridegroom's dress in early times consisted of a short loincloth of hand-woven cloth (

2363:(South Goan) dialect spoken by South Goan Christians and North Canara Konkani Hindus. It is much closer to the dialects of the Goan Hindus than to that of the 908: 8595: 7172: 7382: 4431: 823:(1807), he stated that "The princes of the house of Ikkeri had given great encouragement to the Christians, and had induced 80,000 of them to settle in 3066:

who were the labour class). They were workers and agricultural labourers engaged in service professions. The converts from the fisher caste residing around

651:

in North Canara with eight Franciscan missionaries. Under the leadership of Frei Henrique Soares de Coimbra, the missionaries converted 22 or 23 natives to

14064: 11614: 9104: 1634:

proportion of Mangalorean Catholics, characterised by the presence of Mangalorean Catholic organisations or celebration of the unique Mangalorean Catholic

9303: 13162: 6712: 4691: 4078: 2016:. These original surnames are actually the names of five classes of persons: lord, cultivator, merchant, warrior, and writer. At least one of these are 14497: 3668: 3490:

was the first organisation for the community in Australia. In 2006 the Mangalorean Catholic Association of Sydney (MCAS) was established in Australia.

1160: 907:

and then moved to Mangalore, where he served from 1677 to 1684. In 1677, Bishop de Castro entered into a conflict with the Archbishop of Goa, Dom Frei

498: 306: 8543: 6801: 3058:(merchant class) castes. They were generally engaged in trade and commercial vocations. The artisan converts formed the third group who were known as 13629: 10353:

South Indians in Kolkata: history of Kannadigas, Konkanis, Malayalees, Tamilians, Telugus, South Indian dishes, and Tippoo Sultan's heirs in Calcutta

1912: 769:. The bulk of Christian settlers came in three major migration waves towards South Canara. These migrations occurred in periods of great unrest: the 8395: 15012: 12415: 3762: 1622: 10678:

The Captivity, Sufferings, and Escape of James Scurry, who was Detained a Prisoner During Ten Years, in the Dominions of Hyder Ali and Tippoo Saib

4280: 1472: 903:

of Canara on 30 August 1675, for the purpose of providing spiritual leadership to the Canara Christians. After his consecration, he first went to

13950: 10285: 7468: 7302: 6452:, p. 88 "There are about 200 Catholics hailing from Mangalore and its surroundings living in Calcutta for the past one hundred years or so." 2399:(1915), was written in the Kannada script by Joachim Santan Alvares. In Bombay—which had a small Mangalorean Catholic community—periodicals like 8821: 2925:, where the bridegroom wears a suit, while the bride wears a white wedding gown. The traditional style of wedding is becoming exceedingly rare. 477:) had to learn Konkani to converse with them. After this migration, these skilled agriculturists were offered various land grants by the native 8450: 896: 834:, the Christians were allowed to build churches and help foster the growth of Christianity in South Canara. The arrival of the British and the 11088:

Desaantar Thaun Bandhadek – Karavali Karnatakantle Konkani Kristanv (From Migration to Captivity – The Konkani Christians of Canara)

10913: 10533:

Early English Travellers in India: A Study in the Travel Literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods with Particular Reference to India

8379: 14926: 14342: 14129: 13132: 12469: 12082: 11205: 6639: 6522: 5044: 2921:(neck chain) around his neck. He wore a pair of sandals or at least a pair of socks. At present, most Mangalorean Catholic couples opt for a 3911:

party. Whenever a guest arrived at the house, it was customary to offer him this plate with a fresh betel leaf just picked from the vine. A

3196:

farmers. Every farmer practised carpentry, but it was quite primitive and unskilled, and other crafts and industries were non-existent. The

3127:

Marriage between members of the various castes was not permitted, and such matches were strictly discouraged by the elders. For instance, a

13012: 4400: 3496:

In North America, the Mangalorean Association of Canada and the Mangalorean Konkan Christian Association (MKCA) in Chicago are well known.

8877:, p. 145 "Born on 6 August—the Feast of the Transfiguration—1897, of Brahmin Catholic parents in Mangalore, South Kanara, India, ..." 8843: 8571: 8417: 7589: 7120: 6960: 6269: 5011: 13681: 13424: 12962: 9179: 7328: 6680: 6398: 5955: 5711: 5542: 1492: 1143:

wars, and some 10,000 Christians returned to Goa. According to Alan Machado Prabhu, Mangalorean Catholics numbered about 58,000 by 1765.

969: 927: 4184:, p. 299: "Four centuries of living in South Kanara gave these Catholics an identity of their own. Thus they are commonly known as 3187:

It was difficult for the few priests who had accompanied the Christian emigrants to South Canara to look after them properly. Thus, the

1590:, a Mangalorean Catholic politician, actively participated in uniting the Mangalorean Catholic community against the British during the 14337: 13366: 13269: 12038: 9069: 8976: 7446: 5366: 3692: 2491:. It was mainly these pre-Christian marriage rites that the Portuguese found objectionable and prohibited during the Goan Inquisition. 1597: 10778: 9618: 9218: 9165: 7869: 7404: 6077: 5112:

article, written by Joe Lobo, the President of the Goan Catholic Association in Florida, was borrowed mainly from Alan Machado's book.

4521: 718: 14302: 14164: 13082: 11589: 10473:

The history of the popes, from the close of the Middle Ages: drawn from the secret archives of the Vatican and other original sources

9007: 7899: 3493:

In Singapore, the Singapore Mangalorean and Goan Association (SingManGo) group caters to the needs of those who have migrated there.

6139: 2375:

in Mangalore. He published a book on Konkani grammar in 1882, with a revised version in 1893. In 1912 the first Konkani periodical,

12677: 11541: 11493: 10973: 6482: 4706: 4083: 3832:

to make the skin smooth, fair and prepare the bride for marriage. In 1736, this practice was banned by the Holy Inquisition in Goa.

2945:

Mangalorean Catholics retained the same caste system as their Konkani ancestors in Goa. They were mainly divided into four castes:

1381: 1139:

and at Milagres, Bondel, and Cordel by the Banghel kings of Mangalore. During later years, migration slowed because of the Maratha–

6990: 6109: 5651: 4704: 2355:

Hindus) and to a slightly lesser extent with the standard Konkani dialect. It consequently differs from the dialect spoken by the

949: 940:

retaining the post. In 1700, the Catholics of Canara were again brought under the jurisdiction of the Padroado Archbishop of Goa.

678:

The Portuguese Franciscans slowly started propagating Christianity in Mangalore. The most prominent local convert was the Brahmin

15489: 15474: 14951: 14249: 13343: 9247: 8946: 1903: 10382:

Research in sociology: abstracts of M.A. and Ph. D. dissertations completed in the Department of Sociology, University of Bombay

5268: 2379:(Konkani Treasure), was published in Mangalore by Louis Mascarenhas. Popular Konkani periodicals published in Mangalore include 14761: 14490: 12577: 12572: 11471: 11461: 11225: 7155: 4896: 3757: 3437:

Konkani Christian society comprises of multiple classes, corresponding to the Hindu castes they converted from. These include:

2017: 1484: 880: 17: 4202: 798:

in Goa in 1545. Many of the Goan ancestors of the present Mangalorean Catholics fled Goa after the Inquisition began in 1560.

15007: 14281: 14229: 12861: 12050: 11126: 11060: 10869: 10760: 10738: 10712: 10655: 10519: 10418: 10390: 10361: 10333: 10304: 10102: 10080: 10050: 10028: 10002: 9980: 9954: 9924: 9840: 9804: 9776: 9754: 9671: 9600: 9546: 9518: 9475: 9418: 8343: 8069: 6378: 5894: 5094: 4718: 4655: 4630: 4562: 1753: 6324: 6053: 4892: 14966: 14871: 14676: 14219: 13955: 12473: 12408: 12175: 6173: 6143: 4837: 3682: 1527: 1107:

district of Goa were around the rate of 2,000 annually. Jesuit priests estimated that 12,000 Christians emigrated from the

9991:

Kanjamala, Augustine; Catholic Church Bishops' Conference of India, Commission for Proclamation and Communication (1997).

6840: 1052:, Cundapore, Kallianpur, and Kirem. The Christian Goud Saraswat Brahmins who came during this wave belonged mostly to the 959: 159: 15449: 14259: 14089: 12997: 12744: 12213: 7944: 4841: 4126: 2608: 2270: 1535: 278: 243: 70: 8892: 7026: 3855:

is the same, but loosely placed on a plate, so that each guest can prepare his own pan. The areca nut, uncut, is called

3464:

In India, the Kanara Catholic Association, Mumbai, (KCA Mumbai, established in 1901), the Kanara Catholic Association, (

2659:. The procession, held on the first Sunday of the New Year of the Gregorian calendar, seeks blessings for the new year. 15454: 15061: 14976: 13918: 13415: 13024: 12749: 8569:

Dubai: 'KE Global' Launched to Unite Kanara Entrepreneurs Worldwide, Friday, April 17, 2009, Daijiworld News, Mangalore

6911: 2773:, was used to cover the upper part of the body. This dress was a sign of the bride's virginity and was worn during the 1993: 1955:. Among women, the names follow the first declension, while among young girls, the names follow the second declension. 6858: 6169: 1111:

district of Goa between 1710 and 1712, most of them going southward. A Goa government report of 1747 presently in the

15484: 14921: 14886: 14841: 14483: 13901: 13503: 13150: 12984: 12435: 12099: 11198: 10585: 10541: 10073:

Distinguished Mangalorean Catholics, 1800–2000: A Historico-Biographical Survey of the Mangalorean Catholic Community

8704: 6876: 10242:

Miranda, Rocky V. (1977). "The assimilation of Dravidian loans to Konkani phonological and morphological patterns".

1322:, states that contrary to popular belief, 40,000 Christians were not kept manacled in the dungeons of Seringapatam. 1284:

A dungeon at Seringapatam. Many Mangalorean Catholics who refused to embrace Islam were imprisoned in such dungeons.

14811: 14806: 14701: 14415: 13963: 13716: 13661: 13526: 13261: 13257: 13002: 12787: 12734: 12343: 8206: 7168: 6113: 5628: 4404: 3224:

cultivation of cash crops, inter-caste marriages, inter-religious marriages, and migration to metropolitan cities.

3197: 1742: 1519: 1518:

The Italian Jesuits played an important role in education, health, and social welfare of the community. They built

947:, one of the oldest churches in South Canara, was built in 1680 by Bishop Thomas de Castro. In 1568, the Church of 613: 514: 7374: 4441: 1984:

and so on, instead of the Portuguese forms of De Souza, Coelho, Pinto etc. Some families still know and use their

15479: 15459: 14931: 14906: 14821: 14801: 14751: 14721: 14711: 14424: 13766: 13741: 13706: 13701: 13666: 13546: 13145: 13029: 12619: 12582: 12465: 12445: 12401: 11610: 11508: 11476: 9869: 9856: 8086: 3473: 3272: 2999:

were further divided into other subcastes or classes according to rank. In Mangalore, they were sub-divided into

2668: 2470:(2002). William Robert da Silva translated the first complete Bible from English into Konkani. The work entitled 2036:

surnames. While a few others use both, they use Konkani surnames which are hyphenated with the Portuguese ones.

1730: 1705: 1373: 1017: 445: 80: 9536: 9100: 8188: 4122: 15444: 15017: 14896: 14891: 14771: 14362: 14074: 13761: 13731: 13711: 13651: 13441: 13157: 12695: 12687: 12599: 12460: 12440: 12302: 11551: 11466: 10983: 10379:

Narain, Dhirendra; University of Bombay. Dept. of Sociology, Indian Council of Social Science Research (1989).

9127: 8617: 8111: 4043: 3350:, and is performed on the eve of the marriage or in connection with the marriage celebrations in the decorated 3263:

members sang for 40 hours, surpassing the old record of 36 hours held by a Brazilian musical troupe,

1072: 640: 11269: 10437:

Konknni Huminnyom (Konkani Riddles): an Anthropological Analysis of the Konkany Riddles of Mangalore Catholics

9410:

Linguistic Structure and Language Dynamics in South Asia: Papers from the Proceedings of SALA XVIII Roundtable

6722: 1733:, 5 per cent reside in other parts of India, and the remaining 5 per cent reside in other parts of the world. 1416:, the present Mangalorean Catholic community is descended almost entirely from this small group of survivors. 540:

All records of an early existence of Christians in South Canara were lost at the time of their deportation by

15266: 14961: 14911: 14866: 14846: 14836: 14736: 13736: 13726: 13052: 12923: 12821: 12518: 12109: 11431: 10454:

Malabar and the Portuguese: Being a History of the Relations of the Portuguese with Malabar from 1500 to 1663

4863: 4290: 4148: 3729: 3570: 3239:, a Konkani cultural event, entered the Guinness Book of World Records for non-stop singing of Konkani hymns. 1435: 274: 9038: 8644: 15469: 14936: 14851: 14831: 14716: 14706: 14317: 14288: 14271: 14179: 13791: 13756: 13746: 13324: 13305: 13167: 12918: 12831: 12114: 11191: 8547: 8380:

https://web.archive.org/web/20240922155110/https://www.bellevision.com/?action=exclusive_inner&type=151

6811: 3321: 2656: 1813: 1591: 1385: 1377: 452: 397: 349: 322: 171: 7740: 14981: 14916: 14881: 14816: 14796: 14786: 14746: 14731: 14726: 14327: 13077: 12945: 12814: 12185: 11966: 11828: 8674: 8587: 6896: 3449:, Renders, Kumbars, etc. Inter-marriages between these castes were not forbidden, but rarely took place. 3301:(O Compassionate Master) were popular. Other popular Konkani hymns composed by Mangalorean Catholics are 2652: 2040:

is a rare and unique Konkani and Gaud Saraswat Brahmin surname found among a few Catholics who hail from

1956: 944: 765:

was established. Soon missionaries were sent to Goa, which led to conversion of a sizeable population to

467:

to South Canara. They were reluctant to learn the local languages of South Canara and continued to speak

10189: 5698: 5399: 1495:. The parishes in South Canara were divided into two groups—one under Goa and the other under Verapoly. 1277:) route. It was 200 miles (320 km) from Mangalore to Seringapatam, and the journey took six weeks. 635:

landed on a group of islands in South Canara on his voyage from Portugal to India. He named the islands

15156: 15022: 14941: 14901: 14876: 14856: 14791: 14766: 14756: 14741: 14244: 14042: 13696: 13348: 13314: 13273: 12295: 12257: 11744: 10602: 2359:

in South Canara, which is copiously derived and bears a good degree of intelligibility with the modern

1786:

in 1868. Since then, Mangalorean Catholics have been actively involved in manufacturing the tiles. The

1771: 1606: 1404:, 15,000 of them returned to Mangalore and its vicinity, while 10,000 of them migrated to Malabar. The 747: 326: 179: 9304:"'With Good Attitude & Good Heart One Can Be a Good Banker'- Allen CA Pereira, Ex-Chairman of BoM" 9200:"In Pakistan, the present Catholic Archbishop of Lahore, Larry Saldanha, is a third cousin of Joseph." 8391: 7478: 7306: 2677:

A Mangalorean Catholic couple dressed in traditional wedding costumes. The bride is wearing a wedding

2601:, and Easter, the community celebrates many other festivals of religious and historical significance. 1083:, a town north of Goa, and began his campaign for Goa. After Shivaji's death on 3 April 1680, his son 688:

to Goa and was baptised, with the Portuguese viceroy assuming the role of his godfather. The honoured

15161: 14861: 14826: 14781: 14776: 14685: 14434: 14380: 14051: 14001: 13691: 13646: 12754: 12338: 12328: 12290: 12045: 11855: 11823: 11777: 11754: 10351: 9503: 9435: 8813: 4053: 3604: 1665: 1401: 1362: 816: 464: 441: 8460: 4408: 2793:, is the exclusive right of a married woman. Married women used to wear sarees the general way. The 1479:. Many Mangalorean Catholics did not accept the leadership of Carvalho but instead submitted to the 1408:(1883) mentions that 15,000 persons returned, of which 12,000 were from South Canara and 3,000 from 15171: 14693: 14669: 14464: 14400: 14322: 14293: 13913: 13908: 13786: 13686: 13671: 13656: 13498: 13319: 13209: 13127: 12951: 12928: 12879: 12552: 12318: 12223: 12218: 12033: 11998: 11924: 11880: 11875: 11672: 11498: 11343: 11240: 11235: 10936: 10886: 9722:

Selections from the Letters, Despatches, and Other State Papers Preserved in the Bombay Secretariat

8512: 8490: 5367:"Deportation & The Konkani Christian Captivity at Srirangapatna (1784 Feb. 24th Ash Wednesday)" 4048: 3791: 3556: 2953: 1801: 1783: 1779: 1657: 1641: 389: 10293:

More, J. B. Prashant; Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities of MESHAR. (2006).

8173: 8148: 7080: 7077:

Asiatic Society of Bombay, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland Bombay Branch 1853

6765: 6649: 6532: 5054: 3031:. These names are taken from the villages to which they once belonged. This group constituted the 731: 14602: 14385: 14017: 13978: 13945: 13391: 13371: 13239: 13117: 13067: 12846: 12647: 12587: 12003: 11737: 11642: 11531: 11481: 11338: 11255: 11230: 10924: 10897: 9592: 4373: 4098: 4058: 1669: 1511:, by the Brief of 27 September 1878, handed over the Mangalore mission to the Italian Jesuits of 1389: 1213: 1189: 713: 553: 338: 302: 123: 9277: 1782:, the first Indian Mangalore tile factory, was started in South Canara by Pascal Albuquerque at 1388:

and breached the town of Seringapatam, with Tipu being killed in action. After his death in the

803:

Portuguese dominion, which resulted in the first major wave of migrations towards South Canara.

644: 348:

Although early assertions of a distinct identity date from the migration period, a fully formed

15128: 14454: 14395: 14390: 14024: 13830: 13751: 13676: 13556: 13234: 13122: 13062: 12739: 12627: 12323: 11914: 11772: 11714: 11605: 11584: 11349: 9887:

Hunter, William Wilson; James Sutherland Cotton; Richard Burn; William Stevenson Meyer (1909).

9716: 9386: 9371: 8853: 8568: 8427: 7876: 7597: 7130: 6968: 6279: 5021: 3256: 2947: 2711:

Mangalorean Catholic men traditionally wore long, loose-frilled, white or black coats known as

2196: 1968: 1944: 1369: 1148: 377: 10410:

Hindu and Christian in South-east India: Aspects of Religious Continuity and Change, 1800–1900

9187: 8799: 8236: 8221: 7336: 7272: 7257: 7227: 7107: 6690: 6587: 6438: 6390: 6307: 6205: 5963: 5719: 5546: 4496: 2643:

in South Canara. This shrine, in existence since 1759, is said to have a history of miracles.

1067:'s onslaught was responsible for the third and final great wave of migrations to South Canara. 693: 15166: 14540: 14159: 13986: 13411: 13192: 13057: 12903: 12609: 12547: 12506: 12491: 12382: 11981: 11707: 11516: 11419: 11374: 11303: 10279: 10209:

Miranda, Rocky V. (1978). "Caste, Religion and Dialect Differentiation in the Konkani Area".

9235: 7641: 6232: 3623: 2488: 2356: 2340: 2261:

published the first genealogical encyclopaedia of the Mangalorean Catholic community in 1999.

1916: 799: 739: 413: 334: 10948: 10380: 9992: 9766: 9077: 8984: 7438: 7287: 5374: 13563: 13532: 13429: 13310: 13224: 13104: 13007: 12724: 12719: 12642: 12592: 12523: 12501: 12203: 12153: 12138: 12015: 11724: 11624: 11574: 11569: 11526: 11486: 11414: 10801: 10641: 9920: 9641: 9210: 9157: 6087: 4531: 4073: 2616: 2133: 1787: 1306: 999: 791: 743: 727: 432:

in the present-day Kerala state. This area was collectively referred to as South Canara in

353: 9015: 7907: 8: 15411: 15349: 15333: 14991: 14662: 14352: 14254: 14047: 14031: 13551: 13461: 12912: 12856: 12804: 12705: 12667: 12372: 12348: 12333: 12252: 12242: 12228: 12208: 12198: 12168: 12148: 12077: 11808: 11637: 11564: 11394: 11323: 11250: 11141: 10095:

Mangaloreans World-wide: An International Directory of the Mangalorean Catholic Community

9493: 7332: 6147: 4682: 3723: 3634: 3526: 2995:. The descendants of Saraswat Brahmin converts comprised the majority of this caste. The 2636: 2348: 2091: 1233: 900: 672: 664: 15091: 10977: 10676: 10113: 6489: 3415:

Clouds in the sky, coconut on the tree, oily sign of cross on the forehead of the bride.

2673: 15213: 14372: 14189: 13047: 13039: 12782: 12483: 12450: 12247: 12193: 12104: 12094: 11885: 11800: 11749: 11359: 11070: 10950:

The History of Hyder Shah: Alias Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur, and of his Son, Tippoo Sultaun

10497: 10267: 10230: 9720: 9585: 8920: 6998: 6295: 6117: 4680:

Rodrigues, Vernon (2 March 2009). Myaboo, Philip (ed.). "Mangalorean Pagan Catholics".

4285: 4035: 3640: 3552: 3438: 2799:

is another form of popular dress for females. The Mangalorean Catholic bride's wedding

2154: 1832: 1558:

During the later 19th century, they started migrating to other urban areas, especially

1523: 1438:

helped the Mangalorean Catholics recover their lands after their return from captivity.

1420: 1218: 987: 974: 932: 786: 762: 758: 437: 330: 10170: 10144: 8954: 3208:, and the explication of the mysteries were delivered to the congregation in Konkani. 2514:, while a cross is inscribed on the bride's forehead. The marriage traditions include 1827:

are sweet delicacies prepared at Christmas, and include around 22 varieties of sweets.

1059: 830:

Under the provisional treaties between the Portuguese and the Bednore rulers, and the

15359: 15229: 15046: 14565: 14535: 14332: 13568: 12893: 12773: 12540: 12496: 12284: 12163: 12069: 11993: 11892: 11865: 11784: 11732: 11682: 11441: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11389: 11379: 11328: 11154: 11122: 11056: 10987: 10954: 10928: 10901: 10865: 10793: 10756: 10734: 10731:

Representations of gender, democracy, and identity politics in relation to South Asia

10708: 10682: 10651: 10613: 10581: 10547: 10537: 10515: 10477: 10471: 10457: 10440: 10414: 10386: 10357: 10329: 10300: 10271: 10259: 10234: 10222: 10150: 10123: 10098: 10076: 10046: 10024: 9998: 9976: 9950: 9894: 9836: 9800: 9772: 9750: 9726: 9703: 9667: 9633: 9596: 9542: 9514: 9471: 9445: 9414: 8787: 7358: 5090: 4857: 4714: 4651: 4626: 4558: 4142: 3753: 3747: 3688: 3678: 3566: 3486:

In Australia, The Mangalorean Catholic Association of Victoria (MCAV) established in

3442: 3401:

brass plate is made by brass smith, our Lady of Rosary is here at this ros ceremony.

3365:, is important to this community. The procedure is that an elderly lady, usually the 3108: 2977: 2442: 2070: 1985: 1936: 1693: 1503:

established Mangalore as a separate Vicariate on 17 February 1845 under the Verapoly

1325: 1181: 1075:

during the mid-17th century precipitated the third major wave of migrations. In 1664

923: 774: 766: 409: 195: 191: 167: 3103:

The Mangalorean Catholics constituted a small community widely scattered across the

15464: 15148: 14520: 14194: 13968: 13930: 13888: 13816: 13811: 13778: 13585: 13518: 13481: 13476: 13456: 13451: 13376: 13229: 13219: 13179: 12710: 12528: 12511: 12028: 11870: 11845: 11424: 11384: 10251: 10214: 8090: 6961:"Prof Wilfred D'Souza – Third Generation Teacher Who Achieved Greater Heights" 6686: 3704: 3662: 3600: 3532: 3244: 3216: 3120: 2632: 2408: 2321: 2276: 1989: 1551: 1500: 1476: 1397: 1311: 1280: 1041: 954: 888: 490: 468: 421: 318: 294: 270: 251: 239: 227: 199: 95: 13434: 10021:

Dimensions of Sociolinguistics in South Asia: Papers in Memory of Gerald B. Kelley

8588:"Nottingham: Mangalorean United Konkani Association (MUKA) celebrates Monthi Fest" 8347: 3899:

were generously supplied on all festive occasions. The spices were not mixed with

2651:

Procession) is an annual religious procession led by the Bishop of Mangalore from

1855:

is pork) is one of the most popular dishes of the Mangalorean Catholic community.

15390: 15364: 15302: 15187: 15123: 14625: 14429: 14312: 14169: 14134: 13940: 13935: 13860: 13855: 13796: 13721: 13471: 13401: 12933: 12874: 12424: 12237: 12143: 11934: 11632: 11024: 11006: 10859: 10750: 10702: 10645: 10606: 10531: 10408: 10323: 10294: 10040: 9944: 9888: 9794: 9661: 9507: 9495:

Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan and the Struggle with the Musalman Powers of the South

9465: 9439: 9408: 8575: 8352: 8299: 8054: 7242: 7200: 7053: 6572: 6557: 5598: 5483: 5465: 5414: 5137: 5109: 4900: 4816: 4796: 4216: 4088: 3741: 3698: 3672: 3646: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3446: 3112: 2416: 2392: 1775: 1681: 1673: 1610: 1601:

Mangalorean Catholic doctors in a gathering in 2023 at Milagres Church, Mangalore

1480: 991: 840: 812: 770: 754: 660: 581: 373: 333:& other allies, most of them resettled in and around South Canara during the 235: 187: 183: 175: 131: 127: 115: 14580: 8708: 3457:

Many organisations cater to the community in South Kanara. The most notable are

1546: 1431: 15421: 15354: 14347: 14276: 14124: 14059: 13845: 13835: 13821: 13806: 13486: 13381: 13265: 13244: 12778: 12657: 12632: 12604: 12535: 12233: 12133: 11929: 11818: 11764: 11697: 11677: 11436: 11277: 3907:). In fact, in every house a copper or brass plate was always kept ready for a 3716: 3711: 3656: 3560: 2620: 2430: 2364: 2325: 2266: 2112: 1948: 1539: 778: 723: 668: 648: 625: 425: 417: 385: 357: 298: 262: 163: 111: 15438: 15040: 14239: 14199: 14084: 14006: 13991: 13840: 13801: 13607: 13491: 13288: 12957: 12672: 12158: 12089: 11939: 11647: 11287: 11282: 10991: 10932: 10905: 10797: 10686: 10551: 10461: 10444: 10263: 10226: 10119: 9940: 9898: 9700:

Storm over Seringapatam: the Incredible Story of Hyder Ali & Tippu Sultan

9637: 9248:"Stakes are high but passion is stronger - Adline Castelino on Miss Universe" 8888: 4436: 4093: 3998: 3895: 3786: 3735: 3610: 3538: 3465: 3032: 2922: 2826:(golden combs). Other ornaments worn by the bride in the olden days included 2795: 2560:(giving away the bride formally by the father or the guardian of the bride), 2317: 2217: 2005: 1758: 1531: 1508: 1463: 1320:

Storm over Seringapatam: The Incredible Story of Hyder Ali & Tippu Sultan

1302: 1242: 1238: 1177: 1140: 1120: 1045: 876: 864: 808: 632: 585: 533: 478: 433: 393: 342: 282: 258: 211: 99: 14654: 11158: 11053:

The Mangalorean Catholic Community – A Professional History / Directory

10958: 10923:. Karnataka State Gazetteer. Vol. 12. Bangalore: Gazetteer Department ( 10896:. Karnataka State Gazetteer. Vol. 12. Bangalore: Gazetteer Department ( 10617: 10299:. Kannur, Kerala: Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities. 10218: 10154: 10127: 9449: 3324:

in 1947. Henry D'Souza and Helen D'Cruz are known for the Konkani love duet

2905:). Later, his dress consisted of a white loincloth with a red and gold hem ( 2857: 2468:

The Mangalorean Catholic Community – A Professional History / Directory

15385: 15250: 15197: 15133: 15096: 15092: 14589: 14550: 14475: 14214: 14149: 14079: 14069: 13996: 13896: 13865: 13641: 13590: 13358: 13300: 13197: 12968: 12885: 12841: 12836: 12826: 12637: 12564: 11971: 11919: 11850: 11840: 11521: 11453: 11318: 11214: 11101:

Konkani Christians of Coastal Karnataka in Anglo-Mysore Relations 1761–1799

10850: 10833: 10672: 10481: 10090: 10068: 8083:

Social structure and stratification among the catholics of Dakshina Kannada

6177: 4168: 4063: 3650: 3629: 3616: 3516: 3285: 3116: 3104: 2619:

at Farangipet in South Canara, and was initiated by Fr. Joachim Miranda, a

2527: 2507: 2258: 1841: 1767: 1713: 1587: 1448: 1425: 1413: 1409: 868: 835: 697: 652: 601: 557: 549: 545: 482: 460: 369: 314: 310: 266: 247: 207: 147: 56: 9730: 3268: 3039:

that allowed a Brahmin to practice any occupation except cultivation, the

2607:

is one of the major festivals, celebrated on 8 September. It combines the

1350:

Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement

15312: 15050: 14410: 14266: 14139: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14094: 13396: 13331: 13187: 13112: 13090: 12938: 12700: 12662: 12273: 12023: 11986: 11835: 11687: 11662: 11559: 10826:

History of Christianity in Canara: Issue 3 of Indian Culture and Folklore

9879:

Catholic authors: contemporary biographical sketches, 1930–1952, Volume 2

9707: 9214: 9183: 9161: 9131: 9073: 9042: 9011: 8980: 8950: 8678: 8648: 8591: 8112:"Mangalore: Guinness Adjudicator Hopeful of Certifying Konkani Nirantari" 7903: 7872: 7593: 7473: 7442: 6964: 6483:"The Birth of the Mangalorean Catholic Association of Sydney Inc. (MCAS)" 6394: 5959: 5715: 5370: 3992: 3546: 3521: 3317: 2887: 2598: 2590: 2511: 2297: 1618: 1337: 1250: 1169: 821:

A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara and Malabar

795: 541: 502: 381: 215: 119: 10042:

Where East Looks West: Success in English in Goa and on the Konkan Coast

9893:. Vol. 11. Great Britain India Office. New Delhi: Clarendon Press. 9438:; Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, Ireland Bombay Branch (1853). 9328: 9180:"Meet Joseph Periera – A Prominent Pakistani of Mangalorean Origin" 9128:"Mangalore: Thousands Bid Adieu to Konkani Litterateur Victor Rodrigues" 8094: 3479:

In the United Kingdom, Mangalorean United Konkani Association (MUKA) in

3405:

Dimbi ami galeam, santa kuru kadeam, kurpa ami magieam amchea Jezulagim.

1554:

in 1884, after Mangalore was transferred to the Italian Jesuits in 1878.

1318:

into the dungeons of Seringapatam. Historian Praxy Fernandes, author of

14530: 14104: 14099: 13923: 13850: 13466: 13386: 13017: 12121: 11860: 11657: 11313: 11245: 10861:

Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources

10255: 9768:

Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: An Anthology: Surveys and Poems

6994: 4068: 3904: 3480: 3172: 3085: 2901:), a shawl to cover his shoulders, and a red handkerchief on the head ( 2716: 2603: 2585: 2301: 2281: 1952: 1797: 1689: 1636: 1504: 1488: 1115:

archives records that around 5,000 Christians fled from the Bardez and

1029: 936: 685: 616:, he was entrusted the spiritual nourishment of Christian community in 569: 429: 107: 52: 9444:. Vol. 4. Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press. p. 526. 9278:"Allen C A Pereira Appointed Managing Director of Bank of Maharashtra" 7375:""SHADES within SHADOWS" – Delving into the History of Mangalore" 7357:"Migration, Myths And Mangalore: A Writer Pieces Together The Story", 3819:

is an auspicious ceremony during which the Hindu bride wears a yellow

2933: 1947:) are common among Mangalorean Catholics who still use Konkani as the 1770:

set up the first tile factory at Mangalore in 1860. It was called the

352:

emerged only after liberation from captivity, which has been a mix of

15317: 14643: 14209: 14204: 14174: 13870: 13633: 13617: 13602: 13446: 13336: 13214: 13204: 13072: 12851: 12278: 12126: 11961: 11951: 11944: 11902: 11897: 11692: 11652: 11091: 11078: 8848: 8768: 8516: 8455: 8422: 8392:"Catholic Association of South Kanara Condemns Attacks on Christians" 8143: 7125: 6806: 6760: 6717: 6644: 6527: 6274: 6082: 5049: 5016: 4705:

Kanjamala, Augustine; Commission for Proclamation and Communication (

4526: 4007: 4003: 3912: 3848: 3708: 3593: 3487: 3472:) (MCA, established on 10 February 1996) in are well known. Also the 3383: 3375: 3367: 3205: 3168: 3051: 3036: 2986: 2648: 2554: 2519: 2499: 2352: 2336: 2175: 2025: 1722: 1718: 1710: 1563: 1452: 1270: 1254: 1196: 1136: 1128: 1033: 1009: 892: 884: 849: 824: 656: 617: 572:

recorded that there were considerable trading activities between the

456: 365: 203: 11110:

Ancient and Pre-Modern History of the Mangalorean Catholic Community

9565:

A Guide to Seringapatam and Its Vicinity; Historical and Traditional

8889:"A guest column Sarasota novelist throws spotlight on the 'Konkans'" 5528:

after his return from Seringapatam at the defeat and death of Tipu."

3232: 3043:

refrained from cultivating their lands, and leased them to tenants.

819:, a Scottish physician, when he visited Canara in 1801. In his book 15395: 15282: 14575: 14560: 14545: 14512: 14449: 14357: 14184: 13283: 12652: 11667: 11536: 11138:

Popular Christianity: A Case Study among the Catholics of Mangalore

10806: 8356: 7900:"Hassan: CSI Grounds hosts First-ever Traditional Konkani Marriage" 6494: 6488:. Mangalorean Catholic Association of Sydney (MCAS). Archived from 4029: 3824: 3163: 2809: 2719: 2313: 2293: 2037: 1960: 1927:

Bilingual names, having variants in both Konkani and English, like

1792: 1614: 1567: 1491:, while some of them continued to be under the jurisdiction of the 1468: 1329: 1258: 1097: 1084: 1064: 953:(Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore) was erected by the Portuguese at 844: 831: 565: 286: 135: 12393: 10575: 9039:"London: Nativity Feast Celebrations – Report & Pictures" 1908: 1818: 524: 46: 15292: 14635: 14555: 14525: 14154: 12992: 12866: 12809: 12367: 11976: 11956: 11813: 11702: 3893:(areca nut cut into small pieces), the seed of the tropical palm 3055: 2973: 2640: 2426: 2309: 2305: 1884: 1873: 1653: 1645: 1571: 1444: 1293: 1274: 1246: 1185: 1165: 1124: 1116: 1104: 1076: 1049: 1004: 904: 597: 573: 103: 9619:"The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara (India)" 9158:"Mangalore: Melvyn Rodrigues Bags Central Sahitya Akademi Award" 4401:"The great prelates who shaped the history of Diocese of Quilon" 3499:

In the Middle East, the Mangalore Cultural Association (MCA) in

3408:

Let us kneel, make sign of the cross, and pray for God's grace.

3074:, and formed the fourth group. They cultivated the lands of the 1245:

mountain ranges along two routes; one group travelled along the

1012:

for a simultaneous attack on the Portuguese territories of Goa,

777:–Adil Shahi wars were between 1570 and 1579; and the Portuguese– 501:(1784–1799), where many died, were killed, or were converted to 420:. Most of their hometowns lie in present day civil districts of 15322: 15287: 15138: 15108: 14307: 13612: 13597: 13541: 13508: 11183: 10779:"The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara, India" 10146:

An English-Konkani Dictionary: And A Konkani-English Dictionary

8743:"Dr. Edmond Fernandes, MBBS, MD - India's Public Health Leader" 8451:"'Future Foundation' may document heritage of Konkan Catholics" 3880: 3876: 3851:

wrapped into a betel leaf with the addition of several spices.

3738:, Indian actress and singer - Telugu, Kannada, Konkani language 3394:

Aprosachi vatli, kasgran petli, ruzai mai betli, hea rosalagim.

3341: 3333: 3201: 3080: 3063: 2254: 2021: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1964: 1889: 1823: 1726: 1697: 1685: 1677: 1579: 1575: 1559: 1512: 1456: 1333: 1297: 1266: 1132: 1112: 1108: 1100:) and a direct threat to the very existence of Goa in 1738–40. 1053: 1037: 1025: 982: 680: 605: 589: 561: 473: 290: 11075:

Canaranthle Konknni Catholic (The Konkani Catholics of Canara)

10019:

Kelley, Gerald B.; Dimock, Edward C.; Kachru, Braj B. (1992).

9407:

Abbi, Anvita; Gupta, R. S.; Kidwai, Ayesha (1 January 2001) .

7169:"Rich Tributes Paid to Pioneer Konkani Poet Louis Mascarenhas" 3944:. Saris are known for their variety by special names, such as 3091: 2478:(Holy Book), which was made available online on 26 July 2007. 1951:. Most Mangalorean Catholic names for males follow the second 1530:

and many other institutions and churches. On 25 January 1887,

855: 15416: 15327: 15307: 15297: 15234: 15192: 15100: 14620: 14612: 14405: 13573: 13537: 11909: 11369: 11308: 11265: 11178: 11119:

The captivity of 1784: Re-Appraising Causes & Conclusions

10846: 10829: 10749:

Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama; Borges, Charles J. (2000).

10634:

Origin and growth of Konkani or Goan communities and language

10512:

Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians

5087:

Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians

3597:, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, from 1980 to 1998 3504: 3251:, held in Mangalore by the Mangalorean Catholic organisation 3180: 3067: 2981: 2897: 2699: 2579: 2451:

Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians

2331:

The Mangalorean Catholic dialect is largely derived from the

2041: 2024:

and Shett; Shett is used by those who trace their origins to

2013: 1920: 1701: 1649: 1623:

attacks on Christian religious institutions in September 2008

1583: 1354: 1262: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1013: 964: 701: 621: 609: 593: 529: 486: 396:

with non-Mangaloreans has caused a decline in the culture of

361: 3468:, established in 1955) and Mangalore Catholic Association, ( 2449:

by George Fernandes, historical awakening, in books such as

493:

faith, and preserved their much of their Konkani lifestyle.

13578: 13297: 10707:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 238. 8482: 5543:"Monti Fest Originated at Farangipet – 240 Years Ago!" 4218:

The Captivity of Canara Christians Under Tippu in 1784, Etc

3885: 3820: 3500: 3469: 3160:

ceremonies of the lower castes, even if expressly invited.

3078:

and the high-caste Hindus. Other minor castes included the

3070:, Kuloor, and other places around the seacoast were called 2540: 2458:

Three offshoots have thus far been launched, which include

1847: 1831:

Historically, the Mangalorean Catholic diet was completely

1661: 257:

Contemporary Mangalorean Catholics descend mainly from the

11173: 9211:"Mangalore: J R Lobo humbles four-time MLA, N Yogish Bhat" 9070:"A Mangalorean in India's Olympic Squad (Viren Rasquinha)" 3643:, Indian historian, researcher and scholar on Christianity 3412:

Akashim mod, narl kubear telacho kuris hokleachea kopalar.

3095:

An extended Catholic family in Mangalore belonging to the

2597:

In addition to common Christian festivals like Christmas,

1915:, popularly known as Maxwell Pereira, is a senior-ranking 1774:. Mangalorean Catholics learnt the technique of preparing 1020:

and ended Portuguese influence in the region. The Bijapur

15104: 11029:. Vol. 3. London: J.M. Richardson. 1824. p. 634 10502:

History of Christians in Coastal Karnataka, 1500–1763 A.D

9008:"The Newest Star on the Mangalorean Horizon—Freida Pinto" 8742: 8394:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. 23 September 2008. 3569:, Jesuit priest, educationist, writer, and member of the 2455:

The Revised Kama Sutra: A Novel of Colonialism and Desire

2441:

Modern literature is diverse and includes themes such as

1879: 1609:, Bishop of Mangalore from 1931 to 1955, erected a large 860: 497:

feeling superior to their landless kindred in Goa. Their

10045:. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. p. 178. 9823:

Village Goa: a study of Goan social structure and change

9413:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 440. 8814:"Uttarakhand Governor Margaret Alva felicitated in city" 8620:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. 3 September 2006. 8546:. Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd. Archived from 8520: 7590:"Catholic Roce –- Is it an Extinct Ceremony ?" 5652:

Account of a Surviving Captive, A Mr. Silva of Gangollim

4555:

History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600

3332:(Lamp of the House) in the 1970s, while Wilfy Rebimbus' 2460:

Mangaloreans Worldwide – An International Directory

1172:(1750–1799), the architect of the Seringapatam captivity 692:

took the name of Francisco de Távora, after the Viceroy

9833:

Minorities on India's West Coast: History & Society

8114:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. 25 January 2008. 4645: 3823:, while ladies from the family would rub the body with 345:, for higher studies or for superior career prospects. 317:, brought the flourishing "Canara Christians" close to 10864:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 739. 10858:

Somerset, Playne; Bond, E. W.; Wright, Arnold (2004).

10385:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 558. 9864:

Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture (1983).

9851:

Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture (1988).

9513:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 596. 8707:. Mangalore Cultural Association (MCA). Archived from 6991:"Ethnologue report for Konkani, Goan (ISO 639–3: gom)" 6197: 6195: 3175:, gives his blessings to his granddaughter during her 1729:

and its neighbouring areas, 10 per cent reside in the

684:

Shankarayya, who in 1751 travelled with his wife from

10605:; Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) (1856). 8618:"Mangalorean Catholic Association of Victoria (MCAV)" 7405:"17 years later, this Kama Sutra gets a fresh launch" 4623:

Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times: India, 1541–1545

3923:(Tobacco) was prepared and placed on the brass plate. 3283:(Jesus' Love) in 1905, and translated the Latin hymn 3151:

would invite neighbours and friends belonging to the

2564:(re-invitation to the bride's house), and singing of 269:

between 1560 and 1763, throughout the courses of the

11174:

Mangalorean Konkan Christian Association (MKCA), USA

7439:"Dr. Michael Lobo: Probing family roots and history" 5545:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Archived from 5084: 5012:"Jubilee celebrations at Milagres Church on Tuesday" 4025: 3765:, Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of Rohan Corporation 3701:, Konkani litterateur, dramatist, musician, and poet 2615:(new crops). The festival derives its name from the 2028:. These ancestral pre-Christian surnames are called 895:

and Bishop of Fulsivelem, as the Vicar Apostolic of

9916:

Christian Missionary Work in Mysore (1648–1947 A.D)

8642: 6678: 6192: 4199:"Did Shivaji think of conquering 'Portuguese' Goa?" 4079:

List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East

3373:(wife of the master of ceremonies, who is known as 3084:, whom historian Severine Silva found to be native 2746:turbans. It was a long white piece of cloth with a 2572:(partaking of the food prepared from new corn) and 1400:, and some hundreds settled in Coorg. According to 1199:, a distinguished soldier in the Mysore army, took 1154: 659:region. During the early part of the 16th century, 341:and its adjacent metropolitan area in the northern 10857: 10647:A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992 10211:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 10194:. Mangalore: Basel Mission Press. pp. 575–737 10018: 9591:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 9584: 8426:. Chennai, India. 29 February 2004. Archived from 7502: – Indian Catholic. Retrieved 30 October 2011 7091: 6583: 6553: 3719:, Indian Actress - Tulu, Kannada, Konkani Language 3179:ceremony, year 1975. He wears a short kurta and a 2937:A Mangalorean Catholic gentleman belonging to the 1550:The St. Aloysius Chapel in Mangalore was built by 1161:Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam 27:Latin Christian ethno-religious community in India 11151:History of the Catholic Community of South Kanara 11011:. Vol. CIII. F. Jefferies. 1833. p. 610 10972: 10536:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 454. 9855:. Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, 9725:. Vol. 2. Bombay: Government Central Press. 9005: 8977:"Achievers: Maxwell Francis Joseph Pereirakamath" 8913: 8852:. Chennai, India. 27 January 2008. Archived from 8346:. Konkani Sahitya Kala Foundation. Archived from 5694: 5042: 5009: 4679: 2781:was wrapped around the waist, but the end of the 604:, a port town on the coastal route from Thana to 15436: 10733:. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. p. 426. 10175:. Mangalore: Basel Mission Press. pp. 1–174 9582: 9382: 9367: 8916:"Puneeth is very down to earth: Erica Fernandes" 6078:"College all set to celebrate 125th anniversary" 5956:"Mangalore: Comtrust Carries On Basel's Mission" 3211:The parishes were grouped into deaneries called 2789:with its end thrown over the shoulder, known as 1877:, a dish of colocasia leaves stuffed with rice, 1372:on 4 May 1799, the British army, under officers 1103:According to one estimate, emigrations from the 9463: 9406: 8341: 8169: 8080: 7049: 6270:"Minister recalls contribution of Joachim Alva" 5709: 2530:) during the marriage ceremony, which known as 2453:by Alan Machado Prabhu, and sexual desires, in 2296:influences, and preserves many features of the 1688:, where there are tiny pockets concentrated in 675:, the Portuguese took possession of Mangalore. 250:area, by the southwestern coast of present-day 10671: 8448: 5229:Rural Industrialization in Backward Areas 2006 5161: 5159: 5157: 4893:"Brief history of the Archdiocese of Verapoly" 4488: 4486: 3744:, Indian journalist and television news anchor 3293:(Bottom of the Holy Cross). Joseph Saldanha's 2568:(hymns). Some non-marriage traditions include 2383:(Guardian) (1938) by Mons. Sylvester Menezes, 1079:, the founder of the Maratha empire, attacked 15077: 14684: 14670: 14491: 12409: 12083:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 11782: 11199: 10748: 9663:V.J.P. Saldanha (Makers of Indian literature) 9067: 7581: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7118: 6267: 5566: 5564: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4577: 4492: 4016:. Later it was changed into a golden pendant. 3215:. Every parish was divided into wards, while 2785:is not thrown over the shoulder. To wear the 2423:(Lamp) (1995) by J.B. Moraes were published. 1863:Curry), a fish curry made with coconut milk ( 1515:, who reached Mangalore on 31 December 1878. 596:with four other friars. He then travelled to 544:in 1784. Hence, it is not known exactly when 14505: 9997:. Bandra, India: St Pauls BYB. p. 314. 9946:Mirabilia Descripta: The Wonders of the East 9939: 9301: 9098: 8886: 7969: 7967: 7477:Mangalorean.com. 5 June 2006. Archived from 6637: 6609: 6607: 5540: 4844:. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008 4625:. Jesuit Historical Institute. p. 148. 4620: 4369: 4129:. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011 2881:(gold chain) was placed with a pendant. The 2548:(wedding necklace). Other rites include the 2403:(Ups and Downs) (1948) by G.M.B. Rodrigues, 1867:), is a traditional curry served during the 1802:Portuguese influenced architectural features 1628: 360:. The younger generation of present days at 321:. Following Tippu's defeat and death at the 10755:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 327. 10650:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 336. 10284:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 ( 9771:. Vol. I. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. 9747:Christianity in India Through The Centuries 9659: 9583:da Silva Gracias, Fátima (1 January 1996). 9470:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 936. 9231: 9125: 9101:"Wilfy Rebimbus – The Voice Lives on!" 8136: 7867: 7822: 7736: 7432: 7430: 7283: 7238: 7151: 6958: 6710: 6619: 6462: 6460: 6458: 5594: 5479: 5154: 4483: 3815:ceremony performed by the Goan Hindus. The 2481: 1680:. A few Mangalorean Catholics are found in 1493:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman 15084: 15070: 14677: 14663: 14498: 14484: 14338:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 12416: 12402: 11206: 11192: 10776: 10752:Goa-Kanara Portuguese relations, 1498–1763 10603:Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) 10434: 10328:. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. p. 256. 9949:. Adamant Media Corporation. p. 116. 8329: 8283: 8198: 8196: 8038: 8026: 8014: 8002: 7861: 7843: 7828: 7816: 7789: 7724: 7690: 7657: 7575: 7563: 7551: 7539: 7520: 7505: 7436: 7192: 7190: 6850: 6848: 6625: 6370: 6368: 5815: 5570: 5561: 5536: 5534: 4997: 4915: 4750: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4557:. Delhi: Mittal Publication. p. 123. 4328: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4261: 4249: 4164: 4006:leaves. The ordinary crude pattern of the 3632:, Hollywood actress known for her role in 3619:, Indian writer, scientist and genealogist 3563:minister in the Karnataka state government 2976:class. All Brahmin sub-castes such as the 2913:), a shawl on the shoulders, and a towel ( 2249: 1343: 51:Mangaloreans partaking in the occasion of 10573: 10569:. Bombay: Government Central Press. 1883. 10321: 10296:Rural Industrialization in Backward Areas 9796:Rural Industrialization in Backward Areas 9697: 9225: 8418:"Konkani Catholic convention in December" 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8295: 8271: 8259: 8247: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7964: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7701: 7699: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7247: 7018: 7016: 6952: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6868: 6866: 6784: 6782: 6704: 6604: 6521:Babu, Savitha Suresh (17 February 2007). 6383: 6170:"About St. Joseph's Seminary (Mangalore)" 6162: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5609: 5195: 4698: 4694:No. 56987/92, Registered No. 139/2009-11. 4429: 3732:, Indian dancer, singer and choreographer 3665:, Konkani novelist and short story writer 3545:from 1972 to 1998; appointed Governor of 3265:Communidade Evangelica Luterana São Paulo 2909:), a shirt with gold buttons and a coat ( 2662: 2032:in Konkani. A few have reverted to their 1359:The Last Effort and Fall of Tippoo Sultan 489:customs in conjunction with the newfound 10953:(revised ed.). London: W. Thacker. 10777:Silva, Severine; Fuchs, Stephan (1965). 10640: 10631: 10612:. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton. p. 996. 10451: 10169:Maffei, Angelus Francis Xavier (1882b). 9792: 9616: 9572: 9502: 9467:Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology 9441:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay 8836: 8317: 8232: 8202: 8184: 7954: 7952: 7855: 7839: 7837: 7812: 7810: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7772: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7705: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7669: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7637: 7618: 7500:Entire Konkani Bible is available online 7427: 7329:"Biographical Sketch (George Fernandes)" 7253: 7223: 7211: 6959:D'Souza, Dr. Eugene (5 September 2009). 6832: 6830: 6828: 6613: 6568: 6516: 6514: 6455: 6418: 6416: 6347: 6201: 5787: 5785: 5764: 5690: 5688: 5212: 5210: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4949: 4947: 4812: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4792: 4776: 4774: 4713:. Bandra, India: St Pauls. p. 160. 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4519: 4461: 4459: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4084:2008 anti-Christian attacks in Carnataca 3361:(wedding songs), sung by women during a 3231: 3162: 3090: 2991:were lumped into the Christian caste of 2932: 2856: 2672: 2589:celebration near the Milagres Church in 2578: 2425: 2253: 1907: 1817: 1762:A traditional Mangalorean Catholic house 1757: 1596: 1545: 1430: 1353: 1279: 1164: 1058: 863:in 1571 precipitated the second wave of 854: 730:before his departure to Goa in 1541, by 717: 523: 11179:Mangalorean Association of Canada (MAC) 10476:. Vol. 39. St. Louis: Consortium. 10241: 10208: 10188:Maffei, Angelus Francis Xavier (1885). 10168: 10143:Maffei, Angelus Francis Xavier (1883). 10112:Maffei, Angelus Francis Xavier (1882). 10023:. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. 9912: 9715: 9587:Kaleidoscope of women in Goa, 1510–1961 9534: 9491: 9363: 9361: 9037:Periera, Raj Francis (30 August 2009). 9036: 8947:"Biographical Sketch (Oscar Fernandes)" 8226: 8193: 8106: 8104: 7587: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7351: 7297: 7295: 7217: 7205: 7187: 7166: 7064: 7037: 7022: 6928: 6854: 6845: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6477: 6475: 6365: 6222: 5777:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 1883 5620: 5618: 5531: 5475: 5473: 5395: 5252: 4993: 4991: 4761: 4759: 4727: 4278: 4267: 3535:, Physician & Founder of CHD Group. 3259:for non-stop singing of Konkani hymns. 2861:A typical Mangalorean Catholic wedding 2395:. The first Konkani novel in Karnataka 1904:Mangalorean Catholic names and surnames 931:Holy See appointed another Goan priest 485:. They observed their Eastern cultural 14: 15437: 12797: 10728: 10529: 10509: 10469: 10187: 10142: 10111: 10038: 9970: 9764: 9744: 9692:. Church History Association of India. 9687: 9562: 9329:"About Us | Luxury Flats in Mangalore" 9168:from the original on 23 November 2015. 8729: 8541: 8398:from the original on 28 September 2011 8304: 8217: 7979: 7940: 7897: 7891: 7849: 7795: 7757: 7745: 7696: 7624: 7415:from the original on 30 September 2012 7268: 7196: 7171:. Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. 7121:"New English-Konkani dictionary ready" 7103: 7013: 6946: 6934: 6907: 6892: 6881: 6872: 6863: 6836: 6779: 6592: 6466: 6401:from the original on 25 September 2008 6321:The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14 6255: 6243: 6064: 6050:The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14 6025: 6013: 6001: 5978: 5941: 5862: 5860: 5839: 5752: 5740: 5679: 5667: 5639: 5633: 5624: 5582: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5494: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5359: 5341: 5201: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5165: 5148: 5133: 5121: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5043:Raviprasad Kamila (27 November 2004). 5010:Raviprasad Kamila (30 November 2005). 4970: 4953: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4596: 4552: 4477: 4471: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4357: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4305: 4181: 3785:Most of the Christian soldiers in the 3750:, Indian radio personality and actress 3297:(100 Hymns) and Raimundo Mascarenhas' 2753:Before marriage, women used to wear a 459:, and the number of local converts to 384:, can be described as an increasingly 15065: 14658: 14479: 12397: 11187: 10840: 10823: 10496: 10406: 9876: 9830: 9820: 9352: 9258:from the original on 25 February 2020 8914:Kavya Christopher (18 October 2013), 8874: 8766: 8643:Nishita D'Mello (10 September 2007). 8505: 8277: 8085:(Phd). Mangalore University. p. 8032: 7990: 7973: 7958: 7949: 7928: 7922: 7870:"Weddings then, now and in Future..." 7834: 7807: 7778: 7711: 7675: 7646: 7305:. Goa Konkani Akademi. Archived from 6922: 6825: 6631: 6511: 6443: 6434: 6413: 6335: 6210: 5923: 5866: 5821: 5782: 5685: 5506: 5488: 5431: 5419: 5353: 5328: 5310: 5298: 5292: 5280: 5240: 5207: 4982: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4926: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4801: 4786: 4771: 4765: 4707:Catholic Bishops' Conference of India 4608: 4583: 4507: 4456: 4334: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4160: 4158: 2928: 2917:) on the head. The bridegroom wore a 2339:) dialect and bears a good degree of 2292:The Mangalorean Catholic dialect has 1897: 1754:Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics 1462:The opening of the Protestant German 950:Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Mangalore 408:The community gets its name from the 10946: 10470:Pastor, Ludwig (Fiherr von) (1978). 10349: 10089: 10067: 9919:. Department of Studies in History, 9690:The Christian Impact on South Kanara 9358: 9221:from the original on 21 August 2016. 9138:from the original on 12 October 2012 8895:from the original on 20 October 2008 8101: 8066:Paths of mission in India today 1997 7802:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 7752:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 7526: 7381:. Mangalore Today. 5 December 2011. 7292: 7232: 7145: 6916: 6789:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 6663: 6599:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 6577: 6547: 6520: 6472: 6449: 6428: 6422: 6375:Paths of mission in India today 1997 6314: 6216: 6043: 5990:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 5953: 5911: 5899: 5891:Paths of mission in India today 1997 5828:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 5791: 5734: 5703: 5615: 5588: 5500: 5470: 5334: 5322: 5317:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 5305:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 5264: 5217:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 5142: 5115: 4988: 4781:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 4756: 4466:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 4346:South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973 4117: 4115: 4113: 2722:, loose coats with buttons), over a 1340:. The persecutions resumed in 1797. 1073:attacks of the Maratha Empire on Goa 994:, entered into an alliance with the 564:, a state just south of Canara. The 519: 388:Konkani sub-culture, with lingering 65:Regions with significant populations 12423: 10700: 9563:Chetti, P. Stephen Basappa (1897). 7898:Veigas, Praveen (27 January 2009). 7321: 7175:from the original on 25 August 2009 6742: 6261: 5857: 5712:"Canara Catholics in Freedom Quest" 5512: 5069: 4882: 4664: 4648:The Lives of the Saints, Volume XIV 4378: 4363: 4351: 4317: 3758:India women's national cricket team 3267:(Lutheran Evangelical Community of 2609:Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary 2464:Distinguished Mangalorean Catholics 2271:Literature of Mangalorean Catholics 279:Mahratta Invasion of Goa and Bombay 24: 11121:. Bangalore: I.J.A. Publications. 11043: 10681:. London: H. Fisher. p. 394. 10567:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 10514:. Bangalore: I.J.A. Publications. 10456:. Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons. 10452:Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava (1929). 10413:. London: Routledge. p. 300. 10149:. Mangalore: Basel Mission Press. 10097:. Manglalore: Camelot Publishers. 9975:. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 9799:. Delhi: Daya Books. p. 188. 9215:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9184:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9162:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9132:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9107:from the original on 25 March 2012 9074:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9043:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9012:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 9006:Gerry D'Mello (20 November 2008). 8981:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 8685:from the original on 23 March 2012 8679:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 8655:from the original on 23 March 2012 8649:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 8624:from the original on 23 March 2012 8598:from the original on 23 March 2012 8592:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 8449:Jaideep Shenoy (19 January 2005). 7904:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 7873:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 7594:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 7443:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 6965:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 6764:, 25 November 2006, archived from 6679:Stephan D'Souza (8 January 2008), 6395:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 5960:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 5746: 5716:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 5710:John B Monteiro (15 August 2006). 5371:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore 5347: 5089:. Bangalore: I.J.A. Publications. 4821: 4650:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 629. 4236: 4201:. 22 February 2020. Archived from 4155: 3929: 3869: 3838: 3801: 3779: 3756:, Indian professional cricketer - 3227: 2742:, were usually flattened like the 2387:(Heritage of Konkani) (1958), and 1887:, coconut, and spices is popular. 1406:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 738:In 1510, a Portuguese fleet under 403: 25: 15501: 11167: 11103:. Mangalore: Samanvaya Prakashan. 11055:. Mangalore: Camelot Publishers. 10843:History of Christianity in Canara 10577:Greatest Konkani Song Hits Vol. 1 10504:. Mangalore: Samanvaya Prakashan. 10075:. Mangalore: Camelot Publishers. 9049:from the original on 5 April 2012 8824:from the original on 14 July 2011 8493:from the original on 20 June 2017 8118:from the original on 28 July 2012 7868:D'Souza, Anil (27 January 2009). 7449:from the original on 3 March 2012 7385:from the original on 6 April 2012 7303:"Konkani Language and Literature" 7119:Nagesh Prabhu (2 February 2007). 6268:Correspondent (23 January 2008). 5656:History of Christianity in Canara 4110: 3847:is the small packet of pieces of 3675:Award (2011) Winning Konkani Poet 3510: 3507:; was established in March 2008. 3200:was celebrated in Latin; but the 3035:. In accordance with traditional 2818:) a red sari, but the end of the 2631:(Attur festival) is the feast of 977:, who visited Mangalore in 1623. 960:Nossa Senhora de Mercês de Velala 639:; they later came to be known as 15045: 15036: 15035: 14579: 14574: 14460: 14459: 14448: 14416:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 13964:Criticism of the Catholic Church 12378: 12377: 12366: 11494:State church of the Roman Empire 11213: 9943:; Yule, Henry (17 August 2001). 9376: 9346: 9321: 9295: 9270: 9240: 9203: 9172: 9150: 9119: 9092: 9061: 9030: 8999: 8969: 8951:Rajya Sabha, Parliament of India 8939: 8907: 8880: 8868: 8806: 8760: 8735: 8723: 8697: 8667: 8636: 8610: 8580: 8562: 8535: 8475: 8442: 8410: 8384: 8373: 8335: 8323: 8289: 8265: 8253: 8241: 8211: 8178: 8163: 8137:M. Raghuram (10 December 2005). 8130: 8074: 8059: 8044: 8020: 8008: 7996: 7934: 7730: 7663: 7612: 7569: 7557: 7545: 7493: 7461: 7397: 7367: 7277: 7262: 7160: 7129:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7112: 7097: 7092:Kelley, Dimock & Kachru 1992 7085: 7070: 7058: 7043: 7031: 6983: 6940: 6901: 6794: 6748: 6736: 6584:Somerset, Bond & Wright 2004 6562: 6554:Somerset, Bond & Wright 2004 6391:"Nativity Fest Around the World" 6353: 6341: 6329: 6278:. Chennai, India. Archived from 6249: 6237: 6144:St. Aloysius College (Mangalore) 6132: 6114:St. Aloysius College (Mangalore) 6102: 6086:. 8 January 2004. Archived from 6070: 6058: 6031: 6019: 6007: 5995: 5947: 5935: 5884: 5872: 5053:. Chennai, India. Archived from 5020:. Chennai, India. Archived from 4646:Baring-Gould S (Sabine) (2009). 4530:. Chennai, India. Archived from 4522:"Abbakka's legacy being revived" 4028: 3935:After the wedding was over, the 3722:Allen Pereira, Former Chairman, 3452: 2972:were converts from the priestly 2685:); while the groom is wearing a 2324:languages. It is written in the 2275:Mangalorean Catholics speak the 1743:Culture of Mangalorean Catholics 1155:Post-migration era and captivity 883:, Mons. Joseph Sebastiani, Pope 773:occurred from 1560 onwards; the 707: 631:In 1498 the Portuguese explorer 532:, where the Portuguese explorer 515:History of Mangalorean Catholics 337:. A lesser number sailed to the 45: 12583:First seven ecumenical councils 11477:First seven ecumenical councils 11153:. Mangalore: Desco Publishers. 10921:South Kanara District Gazetteer 10894:South Kanara District Gazetteer 10439:. Bangalore: Satabdi Prakasan. 10435:Pai, C. C. A.; Supriya (1981). 9994:Paths of Mission in India Today 9890:The Imperial Gazetteer of India 9835:. Delhi: Kalinga Publications. 9793:Giriappa, S. (1 January 1994). 9541:. London; New York: Routledge. 9399: 9394: 8519:(KCA Bangalore). Archived from 8515:. Kanara Catholic Association, 8139:"Golden notes from Silver Band" 6638:Amrita Nayak (11 August 2007), 5845: 5833: 5809: 5797: 5770: 5758: 5673: 5661: 5645: 5603: 5576: 5455: 5443: 5404: 5389: 5286: 5274: 5258: 5246: 5234: 5222: 5171: 5127: 5036: 5003: 4976: 4932: 4870: 4711:Paths of Mission in India Today 4639: 4614: 4602: 4571: 4546: 4520:Raghuram, M (23 October 2007). 4513: 4501: 4430:J. Kamath (16 September 2002). 4423: 4393: 4279:Pereira, Maxwell (3 May 1999). 3984: 3978: 3695:of Mangalore South constituency 3474:Kanara Entrepreneurs, Bangalore 3305:(Listen, O' Christian People), 3273:Universidade Luterana do Brasil 2807:. It is usually a red-coloured 2669:Attire of Mangalorean Catholics 1747: 1709:other ethnicities. Mangalorean 1296:by a Mangalorean Catholic from 1269:route, and the other along the 957:in Mangalore. The Churches of 919:those who supported de Castro. 552:, although it is possible that 446:states and territories of India 15490:Ethnoreligious groups in India 15475:Christian communities of India 15003:British Indian Ocean Territory 13158:Separation of church and state 12344:Relations with other religions 11750:Church of the East (Nestorian) 11745:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 9666:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. 8767:Group, C. H. D. (April 2018). 6810:, 17 June 2002, archived from 4255: 4225: 4209: 4191: 4175: 4044:Roman Catholicism in Mangalore 3972:was the second most expensive. 3930: 3870: 3859:, cut into small pieces it is 3839: 3802: 3780: 3649:, captain of India's national 3257:Guinness Book of World Records 2018:Goud Saraswat Brahmin surnames 1002:, Murtaza Nizam Shah, and the 663:(1509–1529), the ruler of the 643:. In 1500 Portuguese explorer 416:, located by the southwestern 71:Diocese of Mangalore 13: 1: 15267:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu 15117:Maratha and associated groups 11117:Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). 10510:Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). 10172:An English-Konkani Dictionary 9870:St. Xavier's College (Bombay) 9857:St. Xavier's College (Bombay) 9660:D'Souza, Edwin J. F. (2004). 9302:Alfie Dsouza (20 July 2019). 8844:"Blasius D'Souza passes away" 7050:Abbi, Gupta & Kidwai 2001 5879:The Gentleman's Magazine 1833 5804:A Gazetteer of the World 1856 5695:Wellington & Gurwood 1837 5411:The Gentleman's Magazine 1833 5085:Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). 4104: 3964:were costly saris, while the 3811:is a ceremony similar to the 3730:Terence Lewis (choreographer) 3659:, Konkani singer and lyricist 3613:, member of Parliament Bhopal 3289:into Konkani under the title 3243:On 26 and 27 January 2008, a 2373:An English–Konkani Dictionary 2237:An English–Konkani Dictionary 2050:Mangalorean Catholic variant 1851:fluffed with toddy or yeast; 875:At the recommendation of the 843:of Mangalore was felt by the 588:of Severac (in south-western 350:Mangalorean Catholic identity 122:in the diaspora. Previously: 11099:Pinto, Pius Fidelis (1999). 11086:Pinto, Pius Fidelis (1999). 10974:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley 10947:Tour, Maistre de La (1855). 10701:Sen, Colleen Taylor (2004). 10675:; Whiteway, William (1824). 10632:Saldanha, Jerome A. (1938), 10530:Prasad, Ram Chandra (1980). 10350:Nair, P. Thankappan (2004). 10325:Theory and Practice of Tabla 10322:Naimpalli, Sadanand (2005). 10191:A Konkani-English Dictionary 9567:. Mysore; India: Town Press. 9464:Ayyappapanicker, K. (1997). 8542:S Raye (20 September 1999). 6711:Arun Bhatia (17 June 2002), 6110:"About St. Aloysius College" 4621:Schurhammern, Georg (1982). 4008: 3968:was the most expensive, the 3384: 3376: 3368: 3328:in 1971 and the love Ballad 3191:system came into existence. 2576:(blessing of new harvests). 2555: 2437:, a novel on sexual desires. 1814:Mangalorean Catholic cuisine 1592:Indian Independence Movement 859:Ali Adil Shah I's attack on 608:. Being the first bishop of 471:, so that local Christians ( 453:Portuguese in Goa and Bombay 323:Siege of Seringapatam (1799) 297:and preserved much of their 172:Bombay East Indian Catholics 7: 15157:Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins 12051:Views on poverty and wealth 10574:Rodrigues, Francis (2009). 10407:Oddie, Geoffrey A. (1991). 6648:, Mangalore, archived from 4838:"Christianity in Mangalore" 4021: 3985: 3979: 3571:Indian Constituent assembly 2433:is best known for his work 1804:of the century-old houses. 1412:. According to genealogist 10: 15506: 15450:Social groups of Karnataka 15162:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins 14686:Roman Catholicism in Asia 14455:Catholic Church portal 12296:World Evangelical Alliance 12258:Traditionalist Catholicism 11149:D'Souza, A. L. P. (1983). 10927:). 1973. pp. 86–125. 10729:Sharma, Renuka M. (1996). 9688:Farias, Kranti K. (1999). 9577:. Kerala Folklore Academy. 9575:Christian theatre in India 9573:Choondal, Chummar (1984). 9498:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 9492:Bowring, Lewin B. (1893). 8544:"Little Mangalore in Pune" 6229:Research in sociology 1989 5101:Material available in the 3427:article by Maurice D'Mello 3309:(Wake up, Creatures), and 2989:goldsmiths/ merchants etc; 2666: 2407:(Konkani Youth) (1949) by 2285:broadly identifies as the 2264: 1901: 1811: 1807: 1772:Basel Mission tile factory 1751: 1740: 1736: 1347: 1158: 711: 512: 508: 327:English East India Company 180:Latin Catholics of Malabar 15455:Christianity in Mangalore 15404: 15378: 15342: 15275: 15259: 15243: 15222: 15206: 15180: 15172:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins 15147: 15116: 15031: 14990: 14950: 14692: 14634: 14611: 14588: 14572: 14511: 14443: 14381:Aid to the Church in Need 14371: 14228: 14041: 14002:Vatican Television Center 13977: 13887: 13777: 13647:Eastern Catholic Churches 13628: 13517: 13410: 13357: 13282: 13253: 13178: 13103: 13038: 12983: 12902: 12772: 12686: 12618: 12563: 12482: 12459: 12431: 12361: 12311: 12291:World Council of Churches 12266: 12184: 12068: 12059: 12014: 11799: 11783: 11778:Latter Day Saint movement 11763: 11723: 11623: 11604: 11550: 11507: 11452: 11358: 11337: 11296: 11264: 11221: 10900:). 1973. pp. 33–85. 10292: 9913:Jayadev, Devadas (1996). 9850: 9698:Fernandes, Praxy (1969). 9436:Asiatic Society of Bombay 8344:"The Tradition of Voviyo" 7363:South Asia Religious News 6756:"Santa, cakes and kuswar" 6713:"Anyone for shark curry?" 6037: 5228: 4862:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4578:Shastry & Borges 2000 4493:Shastry & Borges 2000 4432:"Where rocks tell a tale" 4147:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4054:Christianity in Karnataka 3605:Defence Minister of India 3525:, the upper house of the 3432: 2726:(loose shirt), while the 2351:, North Goan Hindus, and 2347:dialect (spoken by North 2312:. It also liberally uses 2234: 1725:), 15 per cent reside in 1629:Geographical distribution 748:wrested the region of Goa 744:King Manuel I of Portugal 580:In April 1321 the French 499:captivity at Seringapatam 275:Portuguese–Adil Shahi War 158: 153: 146: 141: 94: 89: 79: 69: 64: 44: 15485:Ethnicities of Karnataka 14752:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 14506:Communities in Mangalore 14323:Communion and Liberation 13787:Eastern Catholic liturgy 12952:Mystici Corporis Christi 12880:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 12319:Anti-Christian sentiment 11499:Christian biblical canon 11008:The Gentleman's Magazine 10976:; Gurwood, John (1837). 10885: 10841:Silva, Severine (1957). 10824:Silva, Severine (1961). 10601: 10258:(inactive 14 May 2024). 10122:& Tract Depository. 9990: 9886: 9863: 9831:Gupta, Anirudha (1991). 9821:Gomes, Olivinho (1987). 9538:The Indo-Aryan languages 9535:Cardona, George (2003). 8081:D, Vinay Rajath (2000). 8065: 8051:The Oriental Herald 1824 6687:Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd 6374: 6359: 6320: 6049: 5930:The Oriental Herald 1824 5918:The Oriental Herald 1824 5906:The Oriental Herald 1824 5890: 5851: 5827: 5803: 5316: 5304: 5216: 4465: 4370:Catalani & Yule 2001 4049:Catholic Church in India 3769: 3557:Indian National Congress 2482:Traditions and festivals 2447:What Ails the Socialists 2020:, with the exception of 1780:Albuquerque tile factory 1706:Persian Gulf Arab states 637:El Padron de Santa Maria 15013:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 14603:Mangalorean Protestants 13138:Philosophy of canon law 13068:Mariology of the saints 12648:Investiture Controversy 12373:Christianity portal 11532:Investiture Controversy 11023: 11005: 10982:. Vol. 1. London: 10925:Government of Karnataka 10912: 10898:Government of Karnataka 10853:: Star of Kanara Press. 10836:: Star of Kanara Press. 10565: 10378: 10219:10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.77 10039:Kurzon, Dennis (2004). 9877:Hoehn, Matthew (1952). 9434: 8769:"About CHD Group India" 8513:"KCA Bangalore History" 8050: 7801: 7751: 7076: 6788: 6598: 6228: 5989: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5878: 5776: 5410: 4897:Archdiocese of Verapoly 4780: 4437:The Hindu Business Line 4345: 4059:Mangalorean Protestants 3425:The Tradition of Voviyo 3171:of St Lawrence Church, 3139:boy would only marry a 3131:boy would only marry a 3050:were converts from the 2250:Language and literature 1913:Maxwell Kaamath-Pereira 1390:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 1344:British and modern eras 1219:the British capitulated 1214:Second Anglo-Mysore War 1190:Kanthirava Narasaraja I 889:Bishop Thomas de Castro 714:Christianisation of Goa 428:in Karnataka state and 339:Seven Islands of Bombay 303:Christianisation in Goa 231: 15480:Ethnic groups in India 15460:Indian Roman Catholics 15167:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins 15129:Gomantak Maratha Samaj 14541:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins 14391:Catholic Charities USA 14025:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 14013:Vatican Polyglot Press 13063:Mariology of the popes 12701:Protestant Reformation 12324:Christian universalism 11715:Western Rite Orthodoxy 11560:Protestant Reformation 11136:D'Souza, A.B. (1993). 11094:: Samanvaya Prakashan. 11081:: Samanvaya Prakashan. 11051:Lobo, Michael (2000). 10580:. Pater Publications. 9971:Kamath, M. V. (2002). 9765:George, K. M. (1992). 9745:George, K. M. (2010). 8330:Silva & Fuchs 1965 8284:Silva & Fuchs 1965 8039:Silva & Fuchs 1965 8027:Silva & Fuchs 1965 8015:Silva & Fuchs 1965 8003:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7844:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7829:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7817:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7790:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7725:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7691:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7658:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7576:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7564:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7552:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7540:Silva & Fuchs 1965 7521:Silva & Fuchs 1965 6626:Silva & Fuchs 1965 5816:Pai & Supriya 1981 5571:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4998:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4751:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4553:Mathew, K. M. (1988). 4329:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4262:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4250:Silva & Fuchs 1965 4165:Pai & Supriya 1981 3430: 3337:Mog Tuzo Kithlo Axelom 3240: 3184: 3100: 3062:(the Konkani word for 2942: 2870: 2708: 2663:Costumes and ornaments 2594: 2489:Goud Saraswat Brahmins 2438: 2415:(Traveller) (1950) by 2357:Goud Saraswat Brahmins 2262: 1924: 1828: 1766:The German missionary 1763: 1731:Persian Gulf countries 1602: 1555: 1439: 1370:Battle of Seringapatam 1365: 1285: 1173: 1068: 970:São Francisco de Assis 963:(Our Lady of Mercy of 872: 735: 560:, just as they did in 537: 392:influence and design. 378:Persian Gulf countries 307:15-year-long captivity 301:, which had undergone 18:Mangalorean Christians 15445:Mangalorean Catholics 15370:Mangalorean Catholics 14598:Mangalorean Catholics 14145:Good Shepherd Sisters 13987:Holy See Press Office 13225:Doctors of the Church 13058:Immaculate Conception 13013:Anointing of the Sick 12548:History of the papacy 11982:Anointing of the Sick 10704:Food Culture in India 10642:Sardesai, Manohar Rai 9617:D'Sa, Victor (1972). 9383:da Silva Gracias 1996 9368:da Silva Gracias 1996 8681:. 13 September 2007. 7474:Fr. Pratap Naik, S.J. 6174:St. Joseph's Seminary 4281:"We the Mangaloreans" 4186:Mangalorean Catholics 3789:army belonged to the 3391: 3320:became popular after 3299:Deva Daia Kakultichea 3235: 3166: 3105:South Canara district 3094: 3003:(the highest class), 2936: 2860: 2676: 2582: 2435:The Revised Kamasutra 2429: 2257: 1911: 1821: 1761: 1600: 1549: 1528:St. Joseph's Seminary 1434: 1357: 1283: 1180:, the capital of the 1168: 1062: 858: 740:Afonso de Albuquerque 721: 528:St Mary's Islands in 527: 442:reorganisation (1956) 414:Latin Church in India 335:Company rule in India 232:Kōdiyālcheñ Kathōlikā 224:Mangalorean Catholics 154:Related ethnic groups 39:Kōdiyālcheñ Kathōlikā 36:Mangalorean Catholics 14927:United Arab Emirates 14018:L'Osservatore Romano 13956:Role in civilisation 13682:Croatian and Serbian 13430:Episcopal conference 13392:St. Peter's Basilica 12750:Sexual abuse scandal 12706:Catholic Reformation 12303:Nondenominationalism 12176:Role in civilization 11643:Independent Catholic 11585:Relations with Islam 11565:Catholic Reformation 10244:Indo-Iranian Journal 9921:University of Mysore 9254:. 25 February 2020. 9164:. 21 December 2012. 8820:. 18 December 2010. 8747:Dr. Edmond Fernandes 8594:. 9 September 2007. 8574:3 March 2018 at the 8170:Ayyappapanicker 1997 6802:"Taste of Mangalore" 5966:on 28 September 2011 5108:13 July 2011 at the 5103:Sarasvati's Children 4842:Diocese of Mangalore 4444:on 22 September 2013 4127:Diocese of Mangalore 4074:World Konkani Centre 3585:, television actress 3555:, Politician in the 3533:Dr. Edmond Fernandes 3445:, Sudirs, Madivals, 3054:(warrior class) and 2639:on the outskirts of 2635:, celebrated in the 2617:Monte Mariano Church 2371:published the first 1788:Alvares tile factory 1536:Diocese of Mangalore 1520:St. Aloysius College 1386:stormed the fortress 1307:Monte Mariano Church 1221:on 30 January 1784. 1018:attacked Goa in 1571 1016:, and Mangalore. He 728:John III of Portugal 645:Pedro Álvares Cabral 436:, and then from the 390:Portuguese Christian 244:Diocese of Mangalore 15470:Mangalorean society 15412:Caste system in Goa 15350:Bombay East Indians 15334:Siddis of Karnataka 14954:limited recognition 14353:Neocatechumenal Way 14318:Charismatic Renewal 14032:Annuario Pontificio 13630:Particular churches 13306:Ecumenical councils 13078:Perpetual virginity 12913:Communitas perfecta 12857:Sermon on the Mount 12349:Unlimited atonement 12334:Cultural Christians 11773:Jehovah's Witnesses 11395:Sermon on the Mount 11324:Christian tradition 11251:Lists of Christians 11142:University of Delhi 11071:Pinto, Pius Fidelis 11026:The Oriental Herald 10498:Pinto, Pius Fidelis 9973:A Reporter at Large 9881:. St. Mary's Abbey. 9749:. Authentic Media. 9702:. Bombay: Thacker. 9103:. Mangalorean.com. 9018:on 21 February 2009 7469:"Bible and Konknni" 6725:on 25 November 2004 6535:on 12 February 2011 6150:on 23 December 2010 5283:, N. 6, pp. 103–104 5045:"The holy heritage" 4683:The Secular Citizen 4534:on 26 February 2012 3990:The Hindus call it 3879:was famous for its 3724:Bank of Maharashtra 3635:Slumdog Millionaire 3579:, American novelist 3529:, from 1968 to 1974 3322:Indian Independence 3277:Riglo Jezu Molliant 2645:Evkaristik Purshanv 2637:St. Lawrence Shrine 2056:Portuguese variant 1957:Portuguese surnames 1234:Treaty of Mangalore 1195:From 1761 onwards, 867:migrations towards 839:appointment of the 673:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio 665:Vijayanagara Empire 620:and other parts of 410:Mangalore Diocesean 398:Mangalorean cuisine 299:Konkani way of life 293:, but retained the 41: 15214:Chitpavan Brahmins 15134:Naik Maratha Samaj 14190:Premonstratensians 12573:Ante-Nicene period 12451:Lists of Catholics 12194:Crusading movement 11462:Ante-Nicene period 10644:(1 January 2000). 10256:10.1007/BF00183519 9941:Catalani, Jordanus 9717:Forrest, George W. 9282:www.daijiworld.com 9190:on 1 November 2006 9099:Team Mangalorean. 8928:on 21 October 2013 8921:The Times of India 8856:on 26 October 2012 8798:has generic name ( 8430:on 3 November 2012 7910:on 11 October 2012 7481:on 9 December 2014 7379:I.J. Saldanha-Shet 6693:on 8 February 2012 6652:on 3 November 2012 6306:has generic name ( 6282:on 29 January 2008 5954:Monteiro, John B. 5549:on 25 January 2008 5541:John B. Monteiro. 5377:on 29 January 2008 5057:on 3 November 2012 5024:on 3 November 2012 4286:The Indian Express 4036:Catholicism portal 3709:Miss Diva Universe 3683:Lahore Archdiocese 3641:Pius Fidelis Pinto 3573:from 1946 to 1950* 3303:Aika Cristanv Jana 3241: 3185: 3101: 2943: 2929:Historical society 2871: 2709: 2595: 2439: 2263: 2227:The Lord will add 2206:My God is my oath 1925: 1898:Names and surnames 1829: 1764: 1603: 1556: 1524:St Aloysius Chapel 1440: 1366: 1305:at Hospet and the 1290:Barcoor Manuscript 1286: 1227:Sultan-ul-Tawarikh 1174: 1069: 1063:The Maratha ruler 975:Pietro Della Valle 928:Archdiocese of Goa 926:administering the 873: 736: 722:Jesuit missionary 548:was introduced in 538: 386:anglo-americanised 331:Nizam of Hyderabad 265:, who migrated to 246:and the erstwhile 196:Christian Cxatrias 192:Christian Brahmins 176:Damanese Catholics 35: 15430: 15429: 15360:Karwari Catholics 15059: 15058: 14996:other territories 14652: 14651: 14566:Sthanika Brahmins 14536:Shivalli Brahmins 14473: 14472: 13883: 13882: 13276: 13099: 13098: 12791: 12768: 12767: 12760:COVID-19 pandemic 12730:French Revolution 12720:Thirty Years' War 12628:Islamic conquests 12541:Apostolic fathers 12476: 12391: 12390: 12357: 12356: 12285:Charta Oecumenica 11795: 11794: 11785:Iglesia ni Cristo 11600: 11599: 11580:French Revolution 11570:Thirty Years' War 11442:Apostolic fathers 11410:Great Commandment 11128:978-81-86778-30-2 11062:978-81-87609-02-5 10942:on 25 March 2009. 10871:978-81-206-1344-7 10762:978-81-7022-848-6 10740:978-81-7030-503-3 10714:978-0-313-32487-1 10657:978-81-7201-664-7 10521:978-81-86778-25-8 10420:978-0-913215-55-5 10392:978-81-7022-235-4 10363:978-81-86791-50-9 10356:. Punthi Pustak. 10335:978-81-7991-149-5 10306:978-81-88432-12-7 10115:A Konkani Grammar 10104:978-81-87609-00-1 10082:978-81-87609-01-8 10052:978-1-85359-673-5 10030:978-81-204-0573-8 10004:978-81-7109-286-4 9982:978-81-7276-270-4 9956:978-1-4021-9555-6 9853:Indica, Volume 25 9842:978-81-85163-22-2 9806:978-81-7035-125-2 9778:978-81-7201-324-0 9756:978-81-7362-786-6 9673:978-81-260-2028-7 9602:978-81-7022-591-1 9548:978-0-7007-1130-7 9520:978-81-206-0386-8 9504:Buchanan, Francis 9477:978-81-260-0365-5 9420:978-81-208-1765-4 9333:Rohan Corporation 9126:Edward Nazareth. 8677:(Press release). 8675:"MKCA – USA" 8550:on 15 August 2009 8463:on 20 August 2009 8342:Maurice D'Mello. 7359:Frederick Noronha 7333:Indian Parliament 7309:on 28 August 2008 7133:on 5 January 2008 7001:on 9 October 2008 6814:on 5 January 2012 6682:What's in a Name? 6523:"Tiles for style" 6090:on 7 October 2012 5722:on 25 August 2009 5096:978-81-86778-25-8 4720:978-81-7109-286-4 4657:978-1-110-73420-7 4632:978-0-8294-0355-8 4564:978-81-7099-046-8 4405:Diocese of Quilon 4099:Chickmangaloreans 3889:(betel leaf) and 3754:Jemimah Rodrigues 3748:Malishka Mendonsa 3689:John Richard Lobo 3685:from 2001 to 2011 3679:Lawrence Saldanha 3622:Maxwell Pereira, 3607:from 1998 to 2004 3527:Indian Parliament 3357:The tradition of 3307:Utha Utha Praniya 3249:Konkani Nirantari 3237:Konkani Nirantari 3099:caste, year 1929. 2978:Saraswat Brahmins 2657:Rosario Cathedral 2247: 2246: 2241:A Konkani Grammar 1931:(from Portuguese 1326:Ludwig von Pastor 1288:According to the 1182:Kingdom of Mysore 924:Cathedral chapter 767:Roman Catholicism 694:Marques de Távora 641:St Mary's Islands 586:Jordanus Catalani 554:Syrian Christians 520:Pre-migration era 412:adherents of the 221: 220: 200:Saraswat Brahmins 168:Karwari Catholics 16:(Redirected from 15497: 15405:Related articles 15086: 15079: 15072: 15063: 15062: 15049: 15039: 15038: 15008:Christmas Island 14694:Sovereign states 14679: 14672: 14665: 14656: 14655: 14583: 14578: 14556:Havyaka Brahmins 14500: 14493: 14486: 14477: 14476: 14463: 14462: 14453: 14452: 14195:Redemptoristines 14043:Religious orders 13969:Anti-Catholicism 13919:Church buildings 13779:Catholic liturgy 13519:Consecrated life 13377:Apostolic Palace 13344:Synod of Bishops 13280: 13279: 13256: 12862:Ten Commandments 12795: 12794: 12777: 12678:Age of Discovery 12512:Great Commission 12480: 12479: 12464: 12418: 12411: 12404: 12395: 12394: 12381: 12380: 12371: 12370: 12214:Environmentalism 12164:Church buildings 12066: 12065: 11881:Eastern Orthodox 11876:Eastern Catholic 11788: 11787: 11755:Eastern Catholic 11733:Eastern Orthodox 11621: 11620: 11542:Age of Discovery 11527:East–West Schism 11425:Great Commission 11356: 11355: 11208: 11201: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11162: 11145: 11132: 11113: 11104: 11095: 11082: 11066: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10943: 10941: 10935:. Archived from 10918: 10909: 10891: 10882: 10880: 10878: 10854: 10837: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10811:on 20 March 2012 10810: 10800:. Archived from 10783: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10744: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10636: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10570: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10525: 10505: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10465: 10448: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10403: 10401: 10399: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10289: 10283: 10275: 10250:(3–4): 247–265. 10238: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10108: 10086: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10034: 10015: 10013: 10011: 9986: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9923:. Archived from 9909: 9907: 9905: 9882: 9873: 9868:. Vol. 20. 9860: 9846: 9826: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9760: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9711: 9693: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9647:on 20 March 2012 9646: 9640:. Archived from 9623: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9590: 9578: 9568: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9499: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9389: 9380: 9374: 9365: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9325: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9244: 9238: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9186:. Archived from 9176: 9170: 9169: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9076:. Archived from 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9014:. Archived from 9003: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8983:. Archived from 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8953:. Archived from 8943: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8924:, archived from 8911: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8797: 8793: 8791: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8711:on 15 April 2013 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8584: 8578: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8459:. Archived from 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8388: 8382: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8360: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8302: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8230: 8224: 8215: 8209: 8200: 8191: 8182: 8176: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8147:. Archived from 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8108: 8099: 8098: 8078: 8072: 8063: 8057: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7977: 7971: 7962: 7956: 7947: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7906:. Archived from 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7875:. Archived from 7865: 7859: 7853: 7847: 7841: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7805: 7799: 7793: 7787: 7776: 7770: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7709: 7703: 7694: 7688: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7644: 7635: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7600:on 18 April 2012 7596:. Archived from 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7524: 7518: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7437:Richie Lasrado. 7434: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7371: 7365: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7335:. Archived from 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7299: 7290: 7281: 7275: 7266: 7260: 7251: 7245: 7236: 7230: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7164: 7158: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7116: 7110: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7074: 7068: 7067:, pp. 77–78 7062: 7056: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7020: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6997:. Archived from 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6971:on 27 April 2010 6967:. Archived from 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6905: 6899: 6890: 6879: 6870: 6861: 6852: 6843: 6834: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6721:, archived from 6708: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6689:, archived from 6676: 6661: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6640:"Typically home" 6635: 6629: 6628:, pp. 44–45 6623: 6617: 6611: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6581: 6575: 6566: 6560: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6531:. Archived from 6518: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6498: 6487: 6479: 6470: 6464: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6387: 6381: 6372: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6199: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6176:. Archived from 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6146:. Archived from 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6116:. Archived from 6106: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5962:. Archived from 5951: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5718:. Archived from 5707: 5701: 5692: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5622: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5538: 5529: 5519: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5408: 5402: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5373:. Archived from 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5100: 5082: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4957: 4951: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4903:on 16 March 2012 4899:. Archived from 4889: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4861: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4834: 4819: 4810: 4799: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4769: 4763: 4754: 4748: 4725: 4724: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4677: 4662: 4661: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4440:. Archived from 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4407:. Archived from 4397: 4391: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4289:. Archived from 4276: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4205:on 9 April 2022. 4195: 4189: 4179: 4173: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4146: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4119: 4038: 4033: 4032: 4011: 3989: 3983: 3956:, etc. Both the 3934: 3874: 3843: 3806: 3784: 3705:Adline Castelino 3681:, archbishop of 3669:Melvyn Rodrigues 3663:Victor Rodrigues 3601:George Fernandes 3519:, member of the 3428: 3387: 3381:) who knows the 3379: 3371: 3247:cultural event, 3119:sub-groups) and 2990: 2715:(similar to the 2611:and blessing of 2558: 2409:George Fernandes 2343:with the modern 2277:Konkani language 2053:English variant 2047: 2046: 1837:Sanna-Dukra Maas 1607:Victor Fernandes 1552:Antonio Moscheni 1534:established the 1501:Pope Gregory XVI 1402:Francis Buchanan 1382:Arthur Wellesley 917: 817:Francis Buchanan 800:King Sebastião I 726:taking leave of 491:Western Catholic 422:Dakshina Kannada 295:Konkani language 271:Goan Inquisition 252:Karnataka, India 240:Latin Christians 188:Gaodi Christians 160:Kudali Catholics 85:106,000 (approx) 81:Diocese of Udupi 49: 42: 34: 21: 15505: 15504: 15500: 15499: 15498: 15496: 15495: 15494: 15435: 15434: 15431: 15426: 15400: 15391:Konkani Muslims 15374: 15365:Koli Christians 15343:Roman Catholics 15338: 15303:Gauda and Kunbi 15271: 15255: 15239: 15218: 15202: 15176: 15143: 15112: 15090: 15060: 15055: 15027: 14995: 14986: 14967:Northern Cyprus 14953: 14946: 14688: 14683: 14653: 14648: 14630: 14626:Konkani Muslims 14607: 14584: 14570: 14507: 14504: 14474: 14469: 14447: 14439: 14418: 14401:Relief Services 14367: 14313:Catholic Action 14303:Military orders 14240:Confraternities 14232:of the faithful 14231: 14224: 14046: 14037: 13973: 13879: 13773: 13632: 13624: 13557:Prior, Prioress 13513: 13406: 13402:Vatican Museums 13353: 13286: 13272: 13268: 13264: 13260: 13255: 13249: 13174: 13128:Social teaching 13095: 13034: 12979: 12934:One true church 12898: 12875:Sixtine Vulgate 12871:Official Bible 12785: 12781: 12776: 12764: 12682: 12614: 12559: 12529:Petrine primacy 12472: 12468: 12463: 12455: 12427: 12425:Catholic Church 12422: 12392: 12387: 12365: 12353: 12307: 12262: 12180: 12061: 12055: 12010: 11935:One true church 11791: 11759: 11719: 11608: 11596: 11546: 11503: 11448: 11375:in Christianity 11361: 11347: 11341: 11333: 11292: 11268: 11260: 11217: 11212: 11170: 11165: 11148: 11135: 11129: 11116: 11108:Prabhu, Mohan. 11107: 11098: 11085: 11069: 11063: 11050: 11046: 11044:Further reading 11041: 11032: 11030: 11014: 11012: 10996: 10994: 10963: 10961: 10939: 10916: 10889: 10876: 10874: 10872: 10845:. Vol. I. 10814: 10812: 10804: 10786:Asian Ethnology 10781: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10741: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10691: 10689: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10622: 10620: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10556: 10554: 10544: 10522: 10486: 10484: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10368: 10366: 10364: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10277: 10276: 10197: 10195: 10178: 10176: 10159: 10157: 10132: 10130: 10105: 10083: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10031: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9983: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9930: 9928: 9927:on 3 March 2014 9903: 9901: 9843: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9757: 9735: 9733: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9626:Asian Ethnology 9621: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9454: 9452: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9381: 9377: 9366: 9359: 9351: 9347: 9337: 9335: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9310: 9308:Mangalorean.com 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9230: 9226: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9193: 9191: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9124: 9120: 9110: 9108: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9080:on 28 June 2009 9068:Gerry D'Mello. 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9004: 9000: 8990: 8988: 8987:on 28 June 2009 8975: 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8957:on 11 June 2008 8945: 8944: 8940: 8931: 8929: 8912: 8908: 8898: 8896: 8885: 8881: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8842: 8841: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8818:Mangalore Today 8812: 8811: 8807: 8795: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8777: 8775: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8749: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8728: 8724: 8714: 8712: 8703: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8673: 8672: 8668: 8658: 8656: 8641: 8637: 8627: 8625: 8616: 8615: 8611: 8601: 8599: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8576:Wayback Machine 8567: 8563: 8553: 8551: 8540: 8536: 8526: 8524: 8523:on 23 July 2011 8511: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8401: 8399: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8361:on 13 July 2011 8350: 8340: 8336: 8328: 8324: 8316: 8305: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8231: 8227: 8216: 8212: 8201: 8194: 8183: 8179: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8110: 8109: 8102: 8079: 8075: 8064: 8060: 8049: 8045: 8037: 8033: 8025: 8021: 8013: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7989: 7980: 7972: 7965: 7957: 7950: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7896: 7892: 7882: 7880: 7879:on 1 April 2009 7866: 7862: 7854: 7850: 7842: 7835: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7808: 7800: 7796: 7788: 7779: 7771: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7712: 7704: 7697: 7689: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7656: 7647: 7636: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7588:D'Souza, Anil. 7586: 7582: 7574: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7550: 7546: 7538: 7527: 7519: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7435: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7356: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7293: 7282: 7278: 7267: 7263: 7252: 7248: 7237: 7233: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7195: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7165: 7161: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7117: 7113: 7102: 7098: 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4847: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4822: 4811: 4802: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4772: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4728: 4721: 4703: 4699: 4678: 4665: 4658: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4551: 4547: 4537: 4535: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4491: 4484: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4411:on 18 June 2006 4399: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4379: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4344: 4335: 4327: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4293:on 29 June 2013 4277: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4180: 4176: 4163: 4156: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4111: 4107: 4089:Americanisation 4034: 4027: 4024: 4019: 3772: 3699:V.J.P. Saldanha 3673:Sahitya Akademi 3647:Viren Rasquinha 3589:Oscar Fernandes 3583:Erica Fernandes 3553:Blasius D'Souza 3513: 3455: 3435: 3429: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3396: 3313:(From Heaven). 3295:Shembor Cantigo 3230: 3228:Songs and music 3217:Parish Councils 2985: 2931: 2671: 2665: 2653:Milagres Church 2522:), exchange of 2506:, a mixture of 2484: 2443:Indian politics 2417:V.J.P. Saldanha 2393:Goa Inquisition 2349:Goan Christians 2341:intelligibility 2273: 2265:Main articles: 2252: 1994:Konkani origins 1906: 1900: 1816: 1810: 1776:Mangalore tiles 1756: 1750: 1745: 1739: 1631: 1481:Vicar Apostolic 1363:Henry Singleton 1352: 1346: 1232:Soon after the 1163: 1157: 992:Ali Adil Shah I 945:Milagres Church 911: 909:António Brandão 897:Propaganda Fide 841:Vicar Apostolic 813:Shivappa Nayaka 771:Goa Inquisition 761:. In 1534, the 755:Yusuf Adil Shah 716: 710: 661:Krishnadevaraya 522: 517: 511: 426:Udupi districts 406: 404:Ethnic identity 281:. They learned 236:ethno-religious 184:Koli Christians 132:Indo-Portuguese 128:British English 116:Bombay Mahratti 60: 37: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15503: 15493: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15428: 15427: 15425: 15424: 15422:Konkani people 15419: 15414: 15408: 15406: 15402: 15401: 15399: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15382: 15380: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15355:Goan Catholics 15352: 15346: 15344: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15336: 15331: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15279: 15277: 15273: 15272: 15270: 15269: 15263: 15261: 15257: 15256: 15254: 15253: 15247: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15237: 15232: 15226: 15224: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15216: 15210: 15208: 15204: 15203: 15201: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15177: 15175: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15153: 15151: 15145: 15144: 15142: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15120: 15118: 15114: 15113: 15089: 15088: 15081: 15074: 15066: 15057: 15056: 15054: 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14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14377: 14375: 14369: 14368: 14366: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14348:Legion of Mary 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14286: 14285: 14284: 14277:Lay Carmelites 14274: 14264: 14263: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14236: 14234: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14125:Conceptionists 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14060:Assumptionists 14056: 14054: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14035: 14028: 14021: 14014: 14011: 14010: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13989: 13983: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13927: 13926: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13905: 13904: 13893: 13891: 13885: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13828: 13827: 13826: 13825: 13824: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13783: 13781: 13775: 13774: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13769: 13764: 13762:Syro-Malankara 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13712:Italo-Albanian 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13644: 13638: 13636: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13622: 13621: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13600: 13595: 13594: 13593: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13576: 13566: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13530: 13523: 13521: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13432: 13421: 13419: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13382:Lateran Treaty 13379: 13374: 13369: 13363: 13361: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13322: 13308: 13303: 13294: 13292: 13277: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13184: 13182: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13172: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13155: 13154: 13153: 13143: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13118:Moral theology 13115: 13109: 13107: 13101: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13093: 13088: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13044: 13042: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12989: 12987: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12948: 12943: 12942: 12941: 12936: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12890: 12889: 12882: 12877: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12801: 12799: 12792: 12770: 12769: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12716: 12715: 12714: 12713: 12703: 12692: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12633:Pope Gregory I 12630: 12624: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12612: 12607: 12605:Biblical canon 12602: 12600:Late antiquity 12597: 12596: 12595: 12590: 12580: 12575: 12569: 12567: 12561: 12560: 12558: 12557: 12556: 12555: 12545: 12544: 12543: 12536:Church fathers 12533: 12532: 12531: 12526: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12488: 12486: 12477: 12470:Ecclesiastical 12457: 12456: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12432: 12429: 12428: 12421: 12420: 12413: 12406: 12398: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12375: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12315: 12313: 12309: 12308: 12306: 12305: 12300: 12299: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12276: 12270: 12268: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12231: 12226: 12224:Fundamentalism 12221: 12219:Existentialism 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12190: 12188: 12182: 12181: 12179: 12178: 12173: 12172: 12171: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12112: 12110:God the Father 12107: 12102: 12097: 12087: 12086: 12085: 12074: 12072: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12042: 12041: 12031: 12026: 12020: 12018: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12008: 12007: 12006: 11996: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11949: 11948: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11930:Body of Christ 11927: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11906: 11905: 11895: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11832: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11805: 11803: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11789: 11780: 11775: 11769: 11767: 11765:Restorationist 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11729: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11712: 11711: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11629: 11627: 11618: 11602: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11556: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11513: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11490: 11489: 11484: 11474: 11469: 11467:Late antiquity 11464: 11458: 11456: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11437:Church fathers 11434: 11429: 11428: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11366: 11364: 11353: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11274: 11272: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11222: 11219: 11218: 11211: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11188: 11182: 11181: 11176: 11169: 11168:External links 11166: 11164: 11163: 11146: 11140:. PhD thesis. 11133: 11127: 11114: 11105: 11096: 11090:(in Konkani). 11083: 11077:(in Konkani). 11067: 11061: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11039: 11021: 11003: 10970: 10944: 10910: 10883: 10870: 10855: 10838: 10821: 10774: 10761: 10746: 10739: 10726: 10713: 10698: 10669: 10656: 10638: 10629: 10609:Ethnographical 10599: 10586: 10571: 10563: 10542: 10527: 10520: 10507: 10494: 10467: 10449: 10432: 10419: 10404: 10391: 10376: 10362: 10347: 10334: 10319: 10305: 10290: 10239: 10206: 10205: 10204: 10185: 10140: 10109: 10103: 10087: 10081: 10065: 10051: 10036: 10029: 10016: 10003: 9988: 9981: 9968: 9955: 9937: 9910: 9884: 9874: 9861: 9848: 9841: 9828: 9818: 9805: 9790: 9777: 9762: 9755: 9742: 9713: 9695: 9685: 9672: 9657: 9614: 9601: 9580: 9570: 9560: 9547: 9532: 9519: 9500: 9489: 9476: 9461: 9432: 9419: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9375: 9357: 9345: 9320: 9294: 9269: 9239: 9224: 9217:. 8 May 2013. 9202: 9171: 9149: 9118: 9091: 9060: 9029: 8998: 8968: 8938: 8906: 8887:Tony D'Souza. 8879: 8867: 8835: 8805: 8759: 8734: 8722: 8696: 8666: 8635: 8609: 8579: 8561: 8534: 8504: 8474: 8441: 8409: 8383: 8372: 8334: 8322: 8303: 8296:Naimpalli 2005 8288: 8276: 8272:Rodrigues 2009 8264: 8260:Rodrigues 2009 8252: 8248:Rodrigues 2009 8240: 8225: 8210: 8192: 8177: 8162: 8151:on 25 May 2024 8129: 8100: 8073: 8058: 8043: 8031: 8019: 8007: 7995: 7978: 7963: 7948: 7933: 7921: 7890: 7860: 7848: 7833: 7821: 7806: 7794: 7777: 7756: 7744: 7729: 7710: 7695: 7674: 7662: 7645: 7623: 7611: 7580: 7568: 7556: 7544: 7525: 7504: 7492: 7460: 7426: 7396: 7366: 7350: 7320: 7291: 7276: 7261: 7246: 7231: 7216: 7204: 7186: 7159: 7144: 7111: 7096: 7084: 7069: 7057: 7042: 7030: 7012: 6982: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6915: 6900: 6880: 6862: 6844: 6824: 6793: 6778: 6768:on 25 May 2024 6747: 6735: 6703: 6662: 6630: 6618: 6603: 6591: 6576: 6561: 6546: 6510: 6471: 6454: 6442: 6427: 6412: 6382: 6364: 6352: 6340: 6328: 6313: 6260: 6248: 6236: 6221: 6209: 6191: 6161: 6140:"About Chapel" 6131: 6120:on 27 May 2008 6101: 6069: 6057: 6042: 6030: 6018: 6006: 5994: 5977: 5946: 5934: 5922: 5910: 5898: 5883: 5871: 5856: 5844: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5781: 5769: 5757: 5745: 5733: 5702: 5684: 5672: 5660: 5644: 5632: 5614: 5610:Fernandes 1969 5602: 5587: 5575: 5560: 5530: 5511: 5509:, N. 6, p. 128 5499: 5487: 5469: 5454: 5442: 5430: 5418: 5403: 5388: 5358: 5356:, N. 6, p. 117 5346: 5333: 5331:, N. 6, p. 116 5321: 5309: 5297: 5295:, N. 6, p. 105 5285: 5273: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5170: 5153: 5141: 5126: 5114: 5095: 5068: 5035: 5002: 4987: 4975: 4958: 4943: 4931: 4914: 4881: 4869: 4820: 4800: 4785: 4770: 4755: 4726: 4719: 4697: 4663: 4656: 4638: 4631: 4613: 4601: 4582: 4570: 4563: 4545: 4512: 4500: 4482: 4470: 4455: 4422: 4392: 4377: 4362: 4350: 4333: 4316: 4304: 4266: 4264:, pp. 4–5 4254: 4235: 4224: 4208: 4190: 4174: 4154: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017: 3973: 3924: 3864: 3833: 3796: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3763:Rohan Monteiro 3760: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3717:Sonal Monteiro 3714: 3702: 3696: 3686: 3676: 3666: 3660: 3657:Wilfy Rebimbus 3654: 3644: 3638: 3627: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3598: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3567:Jerome D'Souza 3564: 3561:Roman Catholic 3550: 3536: 3530: 3512: 3511:Notable People 3509: 3454: 3451: 3434: 3431: 3417: 3255:; entered the 3229: 3226: 3086:Tulu Jain Bunt 2941:caste, c. 1938 2930: 2927: 2803:is known as a 2777:ceremony. The 2765:(blouse). The 2689:(golden hem), 2667:Main article: 2664: 2661: 2556:Vopsun diunche 2483: 2480: 2445:in books like 2431:Richard Crasta 2377:Konknni Dirvem 2365:Goan Catholics 2326:Kannada script 2267:Canara Konkani 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122:Gift from God 2120: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 1949:first language 1902:Main article: 1899: 1896: 1812:Main article: 1809: 1806: 1752:Main article: 1749: 1746: 1741:Main article: 1738: 1735: 1670:Chikkamagaluru 1640:festival, are 1630: 1627: 1540:Mangalore tile 1345: 1342: 1271:Gersoppa falls 1159:Main article: 1156: 1153: 933:Fr. Joseph Vaz 794:to install an 763:Diocese of Goa 724:Francis Xavier 709: 706: 626:Pope John XXII 614:Quilon Diocese 536:landed in 1498 521: 518: 513:Main article: 510: 507: 418:coast of India 405: 402: 372:area; and the 263:Portuguese Goa 259:New Christians 219: 218: 164:Goan Catholics 156: 155: 151: 150: 144: 143: 139: 138: 112:Indian English 92: 91: 87: 86: 83: 77: 76: 73: 67: 66: 62: 61: 50: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15502: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15442: 15440: 15433: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15409: 15407: 15403: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15341: 15335: 15332: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15274: 15268: 15265: 15264: 15262: 15258: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15242: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15221: 15215: 15212: 15211: 15209: 15205: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15183: 15179: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15146: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15121: 15119: 15115: 15110: 15106: 15102: 15098: 15097:social groups 15094: 15093:Ethnic groups 15087: 15082: 15080: 15075: 15073: 15068: 15067: 15064: 15052: 15048: 15044: 15042: 15034: 15033: 15030: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 15000: 14998: 14993: 14989: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14977:South Ossetia 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14959: 14957: 14955: 14949: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14695: 14691: 14687: 14680: 14675: 14673: 14668: 14666: 14661: 14660: 14657: 14645: 14642: 14641: 14639: 14637: 14633: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14614: 14610: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14595: 14593: 14591: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14551:Kota brahmins 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14510: 14501: 14496: 14494: 14489: 14487: 14482: 14481: 14478: 14466: 14458: 14456: 14451: 14446: 14445: 14442: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14420: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14396:Home Missions 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14374: 14370: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14295: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14289:Saint Francis 14287: 14283: 14280: 14279: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14272:Saint Dominic 14270: 14269: 14268: 14265: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14242: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14235: 14233: 14227: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14085:Bethlehemites 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14053: 14049: 14044: 14040: 14034: 14033: 14029: 14027: 14026: 14022: 14020: 14019: 14015: 14012: 14008: 14007:Vatican Radio 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13994: 13993: 13992:Vatican Media 13990: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13980: 13976: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13925: 13922: 13921: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13903: 13900: 13899: 13898: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13890: 13886: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13789: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13776: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13649: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13635: 13631: 13627: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13605: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13592: 13589: 13588: 13587: 13584: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13539: 13536: 13535: 13534: 13531: 13528: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13516: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13440: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13426: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13360: 13356: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13338: 13335: 13334: 13333: 13330: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13316: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13289:List of popes 13285: 13281: 13278: 13275: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13252: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13177: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13108: 13106: 13102: 13092: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13073:Mother of God 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13041: 13037: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12990: 12988: 12986: 12982: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12970: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12958:People of God 12956: 12954: 12953: 12949: 12947: 12946:Infallibility 12944: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12931: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12914: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12892: 12888: 12887: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12822:Body and soul 12820: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12796: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12780: 12775: 12771: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12725:Enlightenment 12723: 12721: 12718: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12696:Protestantism 12694: 12693: 12691: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12673:Scholasticism 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12658:Schism (1378) 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12643:Schism (1054) 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12617: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12566: 12562: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12549: 12546: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12534: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12521: 12520: 12517: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12481: 12478: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12462: 12458: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12433: 12430: 12426: 12419: 12414: 12412: 12407: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12396: 12384: 12376: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12363: 12360: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12316: 12314: 12310: 12304: 12301: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12286: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12191: 12189: 12187: 12183: 12177: 12174: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12159:Popular piety 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12123: 12120: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12092: 12091: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12067: 12064: 12058: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12040: 12037: 12036: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12019: 12017: 12013: 12005: 12002: 12001: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11953: 11950: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11940:People of God 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11868: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11811: 11810: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11786: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11722: 11716: 11713: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11622: 11619: 11616: 11612: 11607: 11606:Denominations 11603: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11575:Enlightenment 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11506: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11357: 11354: 11351: 11345: 11340: 11336: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11288:New Testament 11286: 11284: 11283:Old Testament 11281: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11209: 11204: 11202: 11197: 11195: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11134: 11130: 11124: 11120: 11115: 11111: 11106: 11102: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11084: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11058: 11054: 11049: 11048: 11028: 11027: 11022: 11010: 11009: 11004: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10980: 10975: 10971: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10951: 10945: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10888: 10884: 10873: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10808: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10780: 10775: 10764: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10747: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10727: 10716: 10710: 10706: 10705: 10699: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10673:Scurry, James 10670: 10659: 10653: 10649: 10648: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10630: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10610: 10604: 10600: 10589: 10587:9780981179407 10583: 10579: 10578: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10543:9788120824652 10539: 10535: 10534: 10528: 10523: 10517: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10474: 10468: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10433: 10422: 10416: 10412: 10411: 10405: 10394: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10377: 10365: 10359: 10355: 10354: 10348: 10337: 10331: 10327: 10326: 10320: 10308: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10291: 10287: 10281: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10213:(16): 77–92. 10212: 10207: 10193: 10192: 10186: 10174: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10156: 10152: 10148: 10147: 10141: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10120:Basel Mission 10118:. Mangalore: 10117: 10116: 10110: 10106: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10091:Lobo, Michael 10088: 10084: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10069:Lobo, Michael 10066: 10054: 10048: 10044: 10043: 10037: 10032: 10026: 10022: 10017: 10006: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9989: 9984: 9978: 9974: 9969: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9938: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9917: 9911: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9891: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9838: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9808: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9791: 9780: 9774: 9770: 9769: 9763: 9758: 9752: 9748: 9743: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9723: 9718: 9714: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9675: 9669: 9665: 9664: 9658: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9615: 9604: 9598: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9550: 9544: 9540: 9539: 9533: 9522: 9516: 9512: 9511: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9490: 9479: 9473: 9469: 9468: 9462: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9433: 9422: 9416: 9412: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9388: 9384: 9379: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9362: 9355:, p. 178 9354: 9349: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9309: 9305: 9298: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9243: 9237: 9233: 9228: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9175: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9106: 9102: 9095: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9033: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9002: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8927: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8910: 8894: 8891:. Khaasbaat. 8890: 8883: 8876: 8871: 8855: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8839: 8823: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8801: 8789: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8748: 8744: 8738: 8731: 8726: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8670: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8583: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8565: 8549: 8545: 8538: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8487:kcamumbai.org 8484: 8478: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8413: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8376: 8358: 8354: 8349: 8345: 8338: 8331: 8326: 8319: 8318:Choondal 1984 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8301: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8280: 8274:, p. 172 8273: 8268: 8262:, p. 106 8261: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8238: 8234: 8233:Sardesai 2000 8229: 8223: 8219: 8214: 8208: 8204: 8203:Sardesai 2000 8199: 8197: 8190: 8186: 8185:Sardesai 2000 8181: 8175: 8171: 8166: 8150: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8105: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8056: 8052: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8016: 8011: 8004: 7999: 7993:, p. 168 7992: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7976:, p. 165 7975: 7970: 7968: 7961:, p. 177 7960: 7955: 7953: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7925: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7894: 7878: 7874: 7871: 7864: 7857: 7852: 7845: 7840: 7838: 7830: 7825: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7804:, p. 120 7803: 7798: 7791: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7754:, p. 119 7753: 7748: 7742: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7707: 7702: 7700: 7692: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7671: 7666: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7643: 7639: 7638:Sardesai 2000 7634: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7620: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7565: 7560: 7553: 7548: 7541: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7522: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7501: 7496: 7480: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7433: 7431: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7360: 7354: 7339:on 5 May 2006 7338: 7334: 7330: 7324: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7296: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7274: 7270: 7265: 7259: 7255: 7254:Sardesai 2000 7250: 7244: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7224:Sardesai 2000 7220: 7214:, p. 288 7213: 7212:Sardesai 2000 7208: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7191: 7174: 7170: 7167:Melka Miyar. 7163: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7115: 7109: 7105: 7100: 7094:, p. 219 7093: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7055: 7051: 7046: 7040:, p. 731 7039: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7019: 7017: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6955: 6949:, p. 282 6948: 6943: 6937:, p. 137 6936: 6931: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6894: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6878: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6797: 6791:, p. 121 6790: 6785: 6783: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6751: 6745:, p. 110 6744: 6739: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6692: 6688: 6685:, Mangalore: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6616:, p. 183 6615: 6614:Panikkar 1929 6610: 6608: 6601:, p. 118 6600: 6595: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6570: 6569:Giriappa 1994 6565: 6559: 6555: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6517: 6515: 6496: 6491: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6469:, p. 156 6468: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6424: 6419: 6417: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6369: 6362:, p. 113 6361: 6356: 6349: 6344: 6338:, p. 127 6337: 6332: 6326: 6322: 6317: 6309: 6304:|author= 6297: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6258:, p. 295 6257: 6252: 6245: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6218: 6213: 6207: 6203: 6202:Sardesai 2000 6198: 6196: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6067:, p. 113 6066: 6061: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6040:, p. 144 6039: 6034: 6028:, p. 108 6027: 6022: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5998: 5992:, p. 103 5991: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5944:, p. 245 5943: 5938: 5931: 5926: 5919: 5914: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5892: 5887: 5881:, p. 389 5880: 5875: 5869:, p. 165 5868: 5863: 5861: 5854:, p. 146 5853: 5848: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5818:, p. 217 5817: 5812: 5806:, p. 254 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5779:, p. 381 5778: 5773: 5766: 5765:Saldanha 1938 5761: 5754: 5749: 5743:, p. xiv 5742: 5737: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5682:, p. 230 5681: 5676: 5670:, p. 226 5669: 5664: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5642:, p. 213 5641: 5636: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5612:, p. 249 5611: 5606: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5584: 5579: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5451: 5446: 5440:, p. 231 5439: 5434: 5428:, p. 183 5427: 5422: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5350: 5344:, p. 191 5343: 5337: 5330: 5325: 5318: 5313: 5306: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5243:, N. 6, p. 90 5242: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5204:, p. 134 5203: 5198: 5192:, p. 132 5191: 5186: 5180:, p. 162 5179: 5174: 5168:, p. 160 5167: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5151:, p. 167 5150: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5124:, p. 132 5123: 5118: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4994: 4992: 4985:, p. 212 4984: 4979: 4973:, p. 159 4972: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4956:, p. 158 4955: 4950: 4948: 4941:, p. 209 4940: 4935: 4929:, p. 208 4928: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4886: 4879:, p. 128 4878: 4873: 4865: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4818: 4814: 4813:Buchanan 1988 4809: 4807: 4805: 4798: 4794: 4793:Buchanan 1988 4789: 4783:, p. 102 4782: 4777: 4775: 4768:, p. 150 4767: 4762: 4760: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4659: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4611:, p. 183 4610: 4605: 4599:, p. 157 4598: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4580:, p. 256 4579: 4574: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4510:, p. 152 4509: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4487: 4480:, p. 155 4479: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4460: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4348:, p. 101 4347: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4314:, p. 154 4313: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4150: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Anglicisation 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4026: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3999:mangala sutra 3995: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3896:Areca catechu 3892: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3875:In the past, 3873: 3872: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3787:Keladi Nayaka 3783: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3736:Ester Noronha 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3611:Mabel Rebello 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539:Margaret Alva 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3466:KCA Bangalore 3462: 3460: 3459:Mandd Sobhann 3453:Organisations 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3291:Khursa Mullim 3288: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3261:Mandd Sobhann 3258: 3254: 3253:Mandd Sobhann 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033:landed gentry 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2940: 2935: 2926: 2924: 2923:White wedding 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2810:Banarasi sari 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2796:Salwar kameez 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621:Goan Catholic 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2479: 2477: 2476:Pavitr Pustak 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405:Konknni Yuvak 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1922: 1919:officer from 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1784:Panemangalore 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1760: 1755: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532:Pope Leo XIII 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1509:Pope Leo XIII 1506: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1464:Basel Mission 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374:George Harris 1371: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1303:Hospet Church 1299: 1295: 1292:, written in 1291: 1282: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239:Ash Wednesday 1235: 1230: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127:, Pezar, and 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 984: 980:In 1570, the 978: 976: 972: 971: 966: 962: 961: 956: 952: 951: 946: 941: 938: 934: 929: 925: 920: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 877:Vicar General 870: 866: 865:Goan Catholic 862: 857: 853: 851: 846: 842: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 804: 801: 797: 793: 788: 785:In 1542, the 783: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 753: 749: 745: 741: 733: 732:Avelar Rebelo 729: 725: 720: 715: 708:Migration era 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633:Vasco da Gama 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 578: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 535: 534:Vasco da Gama 531: 526: 516: 506: 504: 500: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 475: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 434:British India 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 401: 399: 395: 394:Intermarriage 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 358:Goan cultures 355: 351: 346: 344: 343:Konkan region 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 313:, imposed by 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238:community of 237: 233: 229: 225: 217: 213: 212:Anglo-Indians 209: 208:Vaishya Vanis 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 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12484:Early Church 12283: 12078:Architecture 11972:Confirmation 11920:Ecclesiology 11851:Original sin 11841:Nicene Creed 11638:Old Catholic 11522:Papal States 11454:Great Church 11420:Resurrection 11362:Christianity 11319:New Covenant 11270:(Scriptures) 11215:Christianity 11150: 11137: 11118: 11109: 11100: 11087: 11074: 11052: 11031:. Retrieved 11025: 11013:. Retrieved 11007: 10995:. Retrieved 10978: 10962:. Retrieved 10949: 10937:the original 10920: 10893: 10875:. Retrieved 10860: 10851:North Canara 10842: 10834:North Canara 10825: 10813:. Retrieved 10802:the original 10789: 10785: 10766:. Retrieved 10751: 10730: 10718:. Retrieved 10703: 10690:. Retrieved 10677: 10661:. Retrieved 10646: 10633: 10621:. Retrieved 10607: 10591:. Retrieved 10576: 10566: 10555:. Retrieved 10532: 10511: 10501: 10485:. Retrieved 10472: 10453: 10436: 10424:. Retrieved 10409: 10396:. Retrieved 10381: 10367:. Retrieved 10352: 10341:15 September 10339:. Retrieved 10324: 10310:. Retrieved 10295: 10280:cite journal 10247: 10243: 10210: 10196:. Retrieved 10190: 10177:. Retrieved 10171: 10158:. Retrieved 10145: 10131:. Retrieved 10114: 10094: 10072: 10056:. Retrieved 10041: 10020: 10008:. Retrieved 9993: 9972: 9960:. Retrieved 9945: 9929:. Retrieved 9925:the original 9915: 9902:. Retrieved 9889: 9878: 9865: 9852: 9832: 9822: 9810:. 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Retrieved 8746: 8737: 8725: 8715:20 September 8713:. Retrieved 8709:the original 8699: 8687:. Retrieved 8669: 8657:. Retrieved 8645:"MAC Canada" 8638: 8626:. Retrieved 8612: 8600:. Retrieved 8582: 8564: 8552:. Retrieved 8548:the original 8537: 8525:. Retrieved 8521:the original 8507: 8495:. Retrieved 8486: 8483:"KCA Mumbai" 8477: 8465:. Retrieved 8461:the original 8454: 8444: 8432:. Retrieved 8428:the original 8421: 8412: 8400:. Retrieved 8386: 8375: 8363:. Retrieved 8348:the original 8337: 8332:, p. 26 8325: 8320:, p. 39 8291: 8286:, p. 47 8279: 8267: 8255: 8250:, p. 64 8243: 8228: 8213: 8180: 8165: 8155:14 September 8153:. Retrieved 8149:the original 8142: 8132: 8120:. Retrieved 8095:10603/131282 8082: 8076: 8061: 8046: 8041:, p. 16 8034: 8029:, p. 23 8022: 8017:, p. 22 8010: 8005:, p. 15 7998: 7936: 7931:, p. 77 7924: 7912:. Retrieved 7908:the original 7893: 7881:. Retrieved 7877:the original 7863: 7858:, p. 78 7851: 7846:, p. 20 7831:, p. 21 7824: 7819:, p. 32 7797: 7792:, p. 40 7775:, p. 77 7747: 7737:D'Souza 2004 7732: 7727:, p. 31 7708:, p. 86 7693:, p. 19 7672:, p. 74 7665: 7660:, p. 18 7621:, p. 79 7614: 7602:. Retrieved 7598:the original 7583: 7578:, p. 25 7571: 7566:, p. 12 7559: 7554:, p. 11 7547: 7523:, p. 52 7495: 7483:. Retrieved 7479:the original 7472: 7463: 7451:. Retrieved 7419:14 September 7417:. Retrieved 7409:dnaindia.com 7408: 7399: 7387:. Retrieved 7378: 7369: 7362: 7353: 7343:14 September 7341:. Retrieved 7337:the original 7323: 7313:14 September 7311:. Retrieved 7307:the original 7284:D'Souza 2004 7279: 7264: 7249: 7239:D'Souza 2004 7234: 7219: 7207: 7177:. Retrieved 7162: 7152:D'Souza 2004 7147: 7135:. Retrieved 7131:the original 7124: 7114: 7099: 7087: 7072: 7065:Miranda 1978 7060: 7045: 7038:Cardona 2003 7033: 7023:Miranda 1977 7005:25 September 7003:. Retrieved 6999:the original 6985: 6973:. 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Retrieved 5964:the original 5949: 5937: 5932:, p. 16 5925: 5920:, p. 15 5913: 5908:, p. 14 5901: 5886: 5874: 5847: 5842:, p. 85 5835: 5830:, p. 65 5823: 5811: 5799: 5772: 5767:, p. 79 5760: 5755:, p. 81 5748: 5736: 5724:. Retrieved 5720:the original 5705: 5675: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5635: 5605: 5595:D'Souza 2004 5590: 5585:, p. 94 5578: 5551:. Retrieved 5547:the original 5525: 5502: 5497:, p. 73 5490: 5480:D'Souza 2004 5457: 5452:, p. 76 5445: 5433: 5421: 5406: 5396:Forrest 1887 5391: 5379:. Retrieved 5375:the original 5361: 5349: 5336: 5324: 5319:, p. 64 5312: 5307:, p. 63 5300: 5288: 5276: 5260: 5255:, p. 66 5253:Jayadev 1996 5248: 5236: 5231:, p. 37 5224: 5219:, p. 62 5197: 5185: 5173: 5144: 5129: 5117: 5086: 5059:. Retrieved 5055:the original 5048: 5038: 5026:. Retrieved 5022:the original 5015: 5005: 4978: 4934: 4905:. Retrieved 4901:the original 4872: 4846:. Retrieved 4788: 4710: 4700: 4687: 4681: 4647: 4641: 4622: 4616: 4604: 4573: 4554: 4548: 4536:. 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Retrieved 4123:"Statistics" 4064:Mangaloreans 4013: 3997: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3871: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3790: 3781: 3776: 3742:Faye D'Souza 3707:, winner of 3651:field hockey 3633: 3630:Freida Pinto 3617:Michael Lobo 3592: 3591:, member of 3577:Tony D'Souza 3542: 3541:, member of 3520: 3517:Joachim Alva 3498: 3495: 3492: 3485: 3483:is popular. 3478: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3436: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3382: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3340: 3336: 3330:Garacho Divo 3329: 3325: 3315: 3311:Sorgim Thaun 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286:Stabat Mater 3284: 3280: 3276: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3126: 3102: 3096: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3045: 3040: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017:Nathnolegars 3016: 3012: 3009:Cutdhnangars 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2872: 2866: 2862: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2712: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2644: 2633:St. Lawrence 2628: 2624: 2612: 2602: 2596: 2584: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2528:betel leaves 2523: 2515: 2508:coconut milk 2503: 2495: 2493: 2485: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466:(2000), and 2463: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2360: 2344: 2332: 2330: 2308:dialects of 2291: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2259:Michael Lobo 2240: 2236: 2222: 2201: 2180: 2159: 2138: 2117: 2096: 2075: 2033: 2029: 1992:surnames of 1981: 1977: 1973: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1888: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1857:Rosachi Kadi 1856: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1822: 1768:Georg Plebst 1765: 1748:Architecture 1714:Michael Lobo 1635: 1632: 1604: 1588:Joachim Alva 1557: 1517: 1497: 1461: 1441: 1436:Thomas Munro 1426:South Canara 1418: 1414:Michael Lobo 1410:North Canara 1405: 1394: 1367: 1358: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1289: 1287: 1243:Western Ghat 1231: 1226: 1223: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1178:Seringapatam 1175: 1145: 1102: 1070: 1021: 1003: 995: 981: 979: 968: 958: 948: 942: 937:Vicar Forane 921: 874: 869:South Canara 829: 820: 805: 784: 751: 737: 698:Abbakka Rani 689: 679: 677: 653:Christianity 636: 630: 602:North Canara 592:) landed at 579: 558:South Canara 550:South Canara 546:Christianity 539: 495: 483:South Canara 472: 461:Christianity 450: 407: 370:Bombay Metro 347: 315:Tippu Sultan 311:Seringapatam 267:South Canara 256: 248:South Canara 223: 222: 216:Luso-Indians 148:Latin Church 57:Poona (Pune) 38: 32:Ethnic group 29: 15051:Asia portal 14952:States with 14872:Philippines 14812:South Korea 14807:North Korea 14702:Afghanistan 14425:Health care 14411:Pax Christi 14363:Schoenstatt 14328:Sant'Egidio 14160:Legionaries 14140:Franciscans 14115:Cistercians 14110:Carthusians 14065:Annonciades 13924:Altarpieces 13817:West Syriac 13812:East Syriac 13792:Alexandrian 13416:Holy orders 13397:Swiss Guard 13337:Dicasteries 13332:Roman Curia 13230:Evangelists 13188:Holy Family 13123:Personalism 13113:Natural law 13091:Josephology 13025:Holy orders 12663:Inquisition 12620:Middle Ages 12610:Monasticism 12578:Constantine 12502:Crucifixion 12339:Persecution 12274:Christendom 12267:Cooperation 12204:Charismatic 12115:Holy Spirit 12024:Natural law 11987:Holy orders 11836:Christology 11829:Holy Spirit 11698:Pentecostal 11678:Evangelical 11673:Charismatic 11517:Monasticism 11509:Middle Ages 11472:Constantine 11415:Crucifixion 11297:Foundations 10984:John Murray 10805:(PDF, 2.48 10768:16 November 9825:. S. Chand. 9510:Antiquities 9338:2 September 9262:26 February 9194:22 February 9022:25 November 8828:18 December 8796:|last= 8732:, p. 6 8730:Kamath 2002 8705:"About MCA" 8689:5 September 8659:5 September 8628:29 February 8218:George 1992 7941:Maffei 1885 7542:, p. 7 7389:11 December 7269:George 1992 7256:, pp. 7197:George 1992 7137:7 September 7104:George 1992 6975:19 November 6947:Sharma 1996 6935:Prabhu 1999 6908:Maffei 1882 6893:Maffei 1882 6873:Maffei 1882 6857:, pp. 6837:Maffei 1882 6503:29 February 6493:(PDF, 15.8 6467:Prabhu 1999 6360:Indica 1983 6350:, p. 1 6286:26 November 6256:Farias 1999 6244:Farias 1999 6184:22 December 6154:5 September 6124:5 September 6065:Farias 1999 6038:Indica 1988 6026:Farias 1999 6014:Farias 1999 6002:Farias 1999 5970:28 November 5942:Prabhu 1999 5893:, pp. 5852:Indica 1997 5840:Farias 1999 5753:Farias 1999 5741:Prabhu 1999 5680:Prabhu 1999 5668:Prabhu 1999 5640:Prabhu 1999 5625:Pastor 1978 5583:Chetti 1897 5573:, p. 2 5522:Farias 1999 5495:Farias 1999 5462:Prasad 1980 5450:Farias 1999 5438:Prabhu 1999 5426:Prabhu 1999 5398:, pp. 5381:29 February 5342:Prabhu 1999 5202:George 2010 5190:George 2010 5178:Prabhu 1999 5166:Prabhu 1999 5149:Prabhu 1999 5134:Kurzon 2004 5122:Prabhu 1999 5000:, p. 9 4971:Prabhu 1999 4954:Prabhu 1999 4907:22 December 4877:George 2010 4753:, p. 5 4597:Prabhu 1999 4478:Prabhu 1999 4388:Prabhu 1999 4358:Prabhu 1999 4331:, p. 4 4312:Prabhu 1999 4252:, p. 6 4182:Farias 1999 3993:mangalsutra 3970:Dharma Sado 3962:Dharma sado 3547:Uttarakhand 3543:Rajya Sabha 3522:Rajya Sabha 3423:taken from 3281:Jezucho Mog 3135:girl and a 3025:Puruvargars 3013:Dhivodegars 3005:Alhdhengars 3001:Sirudhegars 2888:Mangalsutra 2649:Eucharistic 2625:Attur Jatre 2599:Good Friday 2593:, Mangalore 2591:Hampankatta 2570:Novemjeevon 2512:coconut oil 2385:Konkan Daiz 2298:Maharashtri 2239:(1882) and 1711:genealogist 1619:Padav hills 1477:Gregory XVI 1451:, 2,273 in 1447:, 3,918 in 1378:David Baird 1338:Tellicherry 1251:Belthangadi 1170:Tipu Sultan 912: [ 796:Inquisition 647:arrived at 556:settled in 542:Tipu Sultan 503:Sunni Islam 455:arrived in 382:Anglosphere 354:Mangalorean 120:Gulf Arabic 15439:Categories 14932:Uzbekistan 14907:Tajikistan 14822:Kyrgyzstan 14802:Kazakhstan 14722:Bangladesh 14712:Azerbaijan 14531:Mogaveeras 14180:Oratorians 14135:Dominicans 14105:Carmelites 14100:Camillians 14048:institutes 13861:Tridentine 13797:Antiochian 13717:Macedonian 13662:Belarusian 13552:Provincial 13467:Archbishop 13387:Roman Rota 13349:Properties 13274:By country 13270:Precedence 13235:Confessors 13215:Archangels 13205:Patriarchs 13105:Philosophy 13083:Veneration 13048:Assumption 13018:Last rites 12985:Sacraments 12929:Four marks 12740:Vatican II 12688:Modern era 12524:Succession 12253:Prosperity 12229:Liberation 12169:Cathedrals 12154:Pilgrimage 12139:Literature 12016:Philosophy 11952:Sacraments 11925:Four marks 11886:Protestant 11861:Born again 11658:Anabaptist 11648:Protestant 11590:Influences 11552:Modern era 11256:By country 11033:15 October 11015:15 October 10997:30 October 10964:30 October 10877:30 October 10720:30 October 10692:18 January 10663:30 October 10623:30 October 10593:30 October 10487:31 January 10426:30 October 10198:30 October 10179:30 October 10160:30 October 10058:5 December 10010:30 October 9784:30 October 9736:30 October 9679:30 October 9608:30 October 9554:30 October 9526:30 October 9483:30 October 9455:30 October 9426:30 October 9400:References 9385:, p. 9370:, p. 9353:Pinto 1999 9234:, p. 9142:5 December 9111:5 December 9084:5 December 8899:2 November 8875:Hoehn 1952 8602:5 December 8467:5 December 8434:5 December 8402:20 October 8298:, p. 8235:, p. 8220:, p. 8205:, p. 8187:, p. 8172:, p. 8122:1 February 8068:, p. 8053:, p. 7991:Pinto 1999 7974:Pinto 1999 7959:Pinto 1999 7943:, p. 7929:Gomes 1987 7739:, p. 7640:, p. 7604:12 January 7453:20 October 7286:, p. 7271:, p. 7241:, p. 7226:, p. 7199:, p. 7154:, p. 7106:, p. 7079:, p. 7052:, p. 7025:, p. 6995:Ethnologue 6923:Pinto 1999 6910:, p. 6895:, p. 6875:, p. 6839:, p. 6818:3 November 6586:, p. 6571:, p. 6556:, p. 6437:, p. 6435:Oddie 1991 6405:30 October 6377:, p. 6336:Oddie 1991 6323:, p. 6231:, p. 6204:, p. 6094:30 October 6052:, p. 5867:Silva 1961 5697:, p. 5627:, p. 5597:, p. 5553:15 January 5507:Silva 1957 5482:, p. 5464:, p. 5413:, p. 5354:Silva 1957 5329:Silva 1957 5293:Silva 1957 5281:Silva 1957 5241:Silva 1957 5136:, p. 4983:Pinto 1999 4939:Pinto 1999 4927:Pinto 1999 4815:, p. 4795:, p. 4766:Pinto 1999 4709:) (1997). 4609:Pinto 1999 4508:Pinto 1999 4495:, p. 4415:14 January 4372:, p. 4133:12 January 4105:References 4069:Monti Fest 3905:Quick lime 3883:. 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