564:
composition of philtres. Is this root the umbilical vestige of our terrestrial origin? We dare not seriously affirm it, but all the same it is certain that man came out of the slime of the earth, and his first appearance must have been in the form of a rough sketch. The analogies of nature make this notion necessarily admissible, at least as a possibility. The first men were, in this case, a family of gigantic, sensitive mandragores, animated by the sun, who rooted themselves up from the earth; this assumption not only does not exclude, but, on the contrary, positively supposes, creative will and the providential co-operation of a first cause, which we have REASON to call GOD. Some alchemists, impressed by this idea, speculated on the culture of the mandragore, and experimented in the artificial reproduction of a soil sufficiently fruitful and a sun sufficiently active to humanise the said root, and thus create men without the concurrence of the female. Others, who regarded humanity as the synthesis of animals, despaired about vitalising the mandragore, but they crossed monstrous pairs and projected human seed into animal earth, only for the production of shameful crimes and barren deformities.
52:
508:
27:
35:
299:
235:. People can be poisoned accidentally by ingesting mandrake root, and ingestion is likely to have other adverse effects such as vomiting and diarrhea. The alkaloid concentration varies between plant-samples. Clinical reports of the effects of consumption of Mediterranean mandrake include severe symptoms similar to those of
431:
son's mandrakes also? And Rachel said, Therefore he shall lie with thee to night for thy son's mandrakes. And Jacob came out of the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, Thou must come in unto me; for surely I have hired thee with my son's mandrakes. And he lay with her that night.
563:
The natural mandragore is a filamentous root which, more or less, presents as a whole either the figure of a man, or that of the virile members. It is slightly narcotic, and an aphrodisiacal virtue was ascribed to it by the ancients, who represented it as being sought by
Thessalian sorcerers for the
114:
with long thick roots (often branched) and almost no stem. The leaves are borne in a basal rosette, and are variable in size and shape, with a maximum length of 45 cm (18 in). They are usually either elliptical in shape or wider towards the end (obovate), with varying degrees of hairiness.
430:
And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son's mandrakes. And she said unto her, Is it a small matter that thou hast taken my husband? and wouldest thou take away my
483:
Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and the pomegranates bud forth: there will I give thee my loves. The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for thee, O my
596:. Cut off the ends of the root and bury it at night in some country churchyard in a dead man's grave. For 30 days, water it with cow's milk in which three bats have been drowned. When the 31st day arrives, take out the root in the middle of the night and dry it in an oven heated with branches of
536:
A furrow must be dug around the root until its lower part is exposed, then a dog is tied to it, after which the person tying the dog must get away. The dog then endeavours to follow him, and so easily pulls up the root, but dies suddenly instead of his master. After this, the root can be handled
103:) which have similar properties. The plants from which the root is obtained are also called "mandrakes". Mediterranean mandrakes are perennial herbaceous plants with ovate leaves arranged in a rosette, a thick upright root, often branched, and bell-shaped flowers that produce yellow or orange
476:נַשְׁכִּ֙ימָה֙ לַכְּרָמִ֔ים נִרְאֶ֞ה אִם פָּֽרְחָ֤ה הַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ פִּתַּ֣ח הַסְּמָדַ֔ר הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָרִמֹּונִ֑ים שָׁ֛ם אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־דֹּדַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ הַֽדּוּדָאִ֣ים נָֽתְנוּ-רֵ֗יחַ וְעַל-פְּתָחֵ֙ינוּ֙ כָּל-מְגָדִ֔ים חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם-יְשָׁנִ֑ים דּוֹדִ֖י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽךְ:
314:, and the mandrake root would scream and cry as it was pulled from the ground, killing anyone who heard it. Therefore, in the past, people have tied the roots to the bodies of animals and then used these animals to pull the roots from the soil.
410:. Leah gives away the plants to her barren sister. Soon after this, in Genesis 30:14–22), Leah, who had previously had four sons but had been infertile for a long while, became pregnant once more and, in time gave birth to two more sons,
860:
Jiménez-Mejías, M.E.; Montaño-Díaz, M.; López Pardo, F.; Campos Jiménez, E.; Martín
Cordero, M.C.; Ayuso González, M.J. & González de la Puente, M.A. (1990-11-24). "Intoxicación atropínica por
524:
According to the legend, when the root is dug up, it screams and kills all who hear it. Literature includes complex directions for harvesting a mandrake root in relative safety. For example,
371:
follows the
Septuagint. Several later translations into different languages follow Septuagint (and Vulgate) and use mandrake as the plant as the proper meaning in both the
939:
A Modern Herbal, first published in 1931, by Mrs. M. Grieve, contains
Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-Lore
701:
1238:
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which were believed to bring good fortune, cure sterility, etc. In one superstition, people who pull up this root will be condemned to
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and barters with Leah for them. The trade Rachel offers is for Leah to spend that night in Jacob's bed in exchange for Leah's
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243:), dryness of the mouth, difficulty in urinating, dizziness, headache, vomiting, blushing and a rapid heart rate (
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177:('brain thief'), claiming the plant grows from the brains of dead thieves, or the droppings of those hung on the
1109:
Peters, Edward (2001). "Sorcerer and Witch". In Jolly, Karen Louise; Raudvere, Catharina; et al. (eds.).
1296:
1286:
302:
fol. 16r from
University of Pennsylvania LJS 46: Herbal ... etc., from Italy and England, dated to ca. 1520
627:
and thereafter, some believed that witches applied these ointments or ingested these potions to help them
829:. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. p. 513, n1.
748:
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187:("little gallows man") stemming from the belief they grown near the gallows, attested also in Icelandic
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51:
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in ancient times. In the past, juice from the finely grated root was applied externally to relieve
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Piccillo, Giovita A.; Mondati, Enrico G. M. & Moro, Paola A. (2002). "Six clinical cases of
351:
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in particular. The alkaloids make the plant, in particular the root and leaves, poisonous, via
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107:. They have been placed in different species by different authors. They are highly variable
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844:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). Göttingen: W. Swan Sonnenschein & Allen. pp. 352–353.
8:
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170:('all-rune' or 'elf-rune'), referring to the plant's folkloric ability to impart wisdom.
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592:. Take it out of the ground on a Monday (the day of the moon), a little time after the
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The encyclopedia of psychoactive plants: ethnopharmacology and its applications
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In
Medieval times, mandrake was considered a key ingredient in a multitude of
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247:). Hyperactivity and hallucinations occurred in the majority of patients.
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1159:
Herbal Magick: A Guide to Herbal
Enchantments, Folklore, and Divination
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37-100) of
Jerusalem gives the following directions for pulling it up:
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67:
is the root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the
402:, Jacob's infertile second wife and Leah's sister, is desirous of the
298:
1202:
The
Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name.
240:
119:
30:
The so-called "female" and "male" mandrakes, from a 1583 illustration
623:
for their mind-altering and hallucinogenic effects. Starting in the
422:. Only years after this episode of her asking for the mandrakes did
83:) found in the Mediterranean region, or from other species, such as
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A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume III: (Part I: Kir -- Nympha)
1115:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 233–37.
658:
Ungricht, Stefan; Knapp, Sandra & Press, John R. (1998).
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291:. When taken internally in large doses it was said to excite
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poisoning, including blurred vision, dilation of the pupils (
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Would you like to make a
Mandragora, as powerful as the
619:
and brews. These were entheogenic preparations used in
704:. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. Archived from
795:
Plants of Life, Plants of Death, Frederick J. Simoons
668:
Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Botany Series
817:
1190:, 131-136. W. H. Freeman & Co. SBN 7167 0672-5.
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263:. In sufficient quantities, it induces a state of
136:rituals throughout history, including present-day
853:
576:, and explains a ritual for creating a mandrake:
1253:
1112:Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: The Middle Ages
317:The ancient Greeks burned mandrake as incense.
188:
1155:
1021:
470:(verses 12–13), mention the plant once again:
463:(as a metaphor describing a woman's breasts.)
884:
600:; then wrap it up in a piece of a dead man's
556:, suggests the plant might hint at mankind's
543:Transcendental Magic: Its Doctrine and Ritual
1242:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1015:
1001:"Song of Songs 7:12–13 (King James Version)"
838:"(Anmerkung von) XXXVII. Kräuter und Steine"
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345:
332:
326:
182:
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791:"Chapter 4. Mandrake, a Root Human in Form"
775:Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular Tradition
696:
148:The English name of the plant derives from
1098:. US: Park Street Press. pp. 277–282.
811:
782:
612:recipes as well as a primary component of
306:In the past, mandrake was often made into
55:A mandrake root, resembling a human form (
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930:
928:
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379::12-13. Others follow the example of the
1226:
823:"XVII. Wights and Elves §Elves, Dwarves"
797:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 121.
735:Transactions of the Philological Society
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631:, meet with the Devil, or to experience
506:
383:and provide a more literal translation.
297:
50:
33:
25:
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979:"Genesis 30:14–16 (King James Version)"
955:"Psychoactive plants in ancient Greece"
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588:? Then find a root of the plant called
584:(little man in a bottle) so praised by
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279:pains. It was used internally to treat
1254:
1108:
923:
897:European Journal of Emergency Medicine
771:
702:"Herball, Generall Historie of Plants"
340:) occur in the Jewish scriptures. The
895:poisoning: diagnosis and treatment".
832:
651:
89:(the English mandrake, in the family
1064:pp. 402-403, by Paul Christian. 1963
685:
629:fly to gatherings with other witches
459:of Genesis 30:14 refers only to the
173:Certain sources cite the Dutch name
1247:Mandragora in Wildflowers of Israel
1193:Thompson, C. J. S. (reprint 1968).
1028:. University Press of the Pacific.
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207:contain highly biologically active
128:and the shape of their roots often
13:
1188:Nightshades, The Paradoxical Plant
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14:
1313:
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1156:Gerina Dunwich (September 2019).
864:: descripción de quince casos ".
604:and carry it with you everywhere.
574:The History and Practice of Magic
466:The final verses of Chapter 7 of
181:. In German, it is also known as
132:, they have been associated with
909:10.1097/00063110-200212000-00010
772:Leland, Charles Godfrey (1892).
1277:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens
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1129:
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1022:James Hastings (October 2004).
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846:, note to text in Grimm (1877)
641:use mandrake as a love-amulet.
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143:
1186:Heiser, Charles B. Jr (1969).
1055:pp. 312, by Eliphas Levi. 1896
789:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998).
765:
741:
719:
398:, finds mandrakes in a field.
160:main-de-gloire (hand of glory)
1:
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1200:Muraresku, Brian C. (2020).
749:"Alraune (Kulturgeschichte)"
568:The following is taken from
363:
162:. The German common name is
93:) or the American mandrake (
7:
953:Carod-Artal, F. J. (2013).
426:manage to become pregnant.
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196:
10:
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1292:Mythological human hybrids
355:
118:Because mandrakes contain
18:
660:"A revision of the genus
21:Mandrake (disambiguation)
610:witches' flying ointment
455:, however, suggests the
1239:Encyclopædia Britannica
755:(in German), 2023-03-05
497:, Song of Songs 7:12–13
231:properties can lead to
130:resembles human figures
1139:pub. Unity Press 1978
1077:pub. Unity Press 1978
731:"On False Etymologies"
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545:by nineteenth-century
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449:Sir Thomas Browne, in
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57:Science Museum, London
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45:Mandragora officinarum
31:
1222:Erowid Mandrake Vault
1094:Raetsch, Ch. (2005).
893:Mandragora autumnalis
862:Mandragora autumnalis
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561:
558:"terrestrial origin:"
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452:Pseudodoxia Epidemica
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570:Jean-Baptiste Pitois
503:Magic and witchcraft
390:, the eldest son of
96:Podophyllum peltatum
19:For other uses, see
1297:Plants in the Bible
1287:Mythological plants
1197:. University Books.
1195:The Mystic Mandrake
842:Deutsche Mythologie
727:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
621:European witchcraft
551:ceremonial magician
267:and was used as an
1137:The Witch's Garden
1135:Hansen, Harold A.
1075:The Witch's Garden
1073:Hansen, Harold A.
827:Teutonic Mythology
522:
517:Tacuinum Sanitatis
495:King James Version
444:, Genesis 30:14–16
442:King James Version
418:, and a daughter,
386:In Genesis 30:14,
331:(plural; singular
325:Two references to
304:
138:contemporary pagan
61:
49:
32:
1169:978-1-63341-158-6
1122:978-0-485-89003-7
1035:978-1-4102-1726-4
549:, occultist, and
361:
213:tropane alkaloids
193:"thieves' root".
155:, related to the
126:tropane alkaloids
112:herbaceous plants
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1282:Magic substances
1272:Medicinal plants
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1233:"Mandrake"
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892:
886:
869:
865:
861:
855:
847:
841:
834:Grimm, Jacob
826:
819:Grimm, Jacob
813:
794:
784:
774:
767:
757:, retrieved
752:
743:
734:
721:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
676:. Retrieved
671:
667:
661:
653:
637:
633:bacchanalian
607:
579:
573:
567:
562:
557:
554:Éliphas Lévi
542:
540:
535:
529:
523:
515:
511:
482:
473:
465:
456:
450:
448:
429:
407:
403:
385:
381:Luther Bible
337:
324:
321:In the Bible
316:
305:
255:The root is
254:
233:asphyxiation
202:
200:
174:
172:
159:
152:
147:
144:Nomenclature
140:traditions.
117:
94:
86:Bryonia alba
84:
71:
64:
62:
43:
698:John Gerard
461:opium poppy
364:mandragóras
356:μανδραγόρας
352:Koinē Greek
344:translates
285:convulsions
269:anaesthetic
245:tachycardia
1302:Pareidolia
1267:Solanaceae
1262:Deliriants
1256:Categories
964:2021-02-17
959:nah.sen.es
831:; German:
759:2023-03-06
712:2015-08-03
678:2015-03-31
674:(1): 17–40
662:Mandragora
645:References
635:carousal.
586:Paracelsus
582:homunculus
512:Mandragora
367:, and the
342:Septuagint
328:דּוּדָאִים
281:melancholy
204:Mandragora
153:mandragora
81:Solanaceae
73:Mandragora
16:Plant root
1007:6 January
985:6 January
753:Knowledge
547:clergyman
277:rheumatic
241:mydriasis
227:effects.
209:alkaloids
190:thjofarót
120:deliriant
109:perennial
917:12501035
836:(1875).
821:(1883).
737:(6): 67.
729:(1855).
700:(1597).
526:Josephus
487:—
484:beloved.
434:—
412:Issachar
293:delirium
261:narcotic
251:Folklore
237:atropine
225:hypnotic
197:Toxicity
175:pisdifje
76:(in the
65:mandrake
878:2087109
850:: 1007.
617:potions
614:magical
598:verbena
520:(1474).
514:, from
457:dudaʾim
416:Zebulun
408:dudaʾim
404:dudaʾim
369:Vulgate
308:amulets
273:surgery
179:gallows
166:Alraune
105:berries
40:flowers
1208:
1166:
1143:
1119:
1081:
1041:28 May
1032:
915:
876:
801:
590:bryony
424:Rachel
400:Rachel
388:Reuben
347:דודאים
287:, and
223:, and
157:French
78:family
530:circa
491:Bible
438:Bible
420:Dinah
392:Jacob
338:dud̲ā
289:mania
150:Latin
134:magic
69:genus
1206:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1043:2014
1030:ISBN
1009:2014
987:2014
913:PMID
874:PMID
799:ISBN
489:the
436:the
414:and
396:Leah
394:and
375:and
334:דודא
312:hell
271:for
259:and
38:The
905:doi
572:'s
350:as
42:of
1258::
1236:.
957:.
925:^
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899:.
870:95
868:.
840:.
825:.
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751:,
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687:^
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670:.
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493:,
440:,
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283:,
219:,
211:,
63:A
1172:.
1125:.
1045:.
1011:.
989:.
967:.
942:.
919:.
907::
901:9
880:.
848:2
807:.
715:.
681:.
528:(
59:)
23:.
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