335:, the Assyrians were surrounded by the 5th and 6th Divisions, under the leadership of Iskander Pasha, who vowed to annihilate the Assyrian race with their Persian allies. Khoshaba decided to withdraw his men to their defences for the night, and to send out patrols to halt the enemy moving towards Seray. By 10:30pm the Assyrians had captured eighty-eight prisoners and a mass of arms. Khoshaba, who could speak fluent Turkish, questioned the prisoners, most of whom claimed no reinforcements would be arriving. Khoshaba also translated a captured code of signals which would call for mortar bombs. Early the following morning, Khoshaba captured more Turkish prisoners; among them was a Turkish army colonel, second in command to Iskander Pasha.
266:. While studying in Urmia his studies were interrupted by a tragic event that proved to test his metal as a would be leader in Lower Tyareh: while away at Urmia, Malik Khoshaba’s father, Malik Yousip, was murdered by the Kurdish Rashid Beg, the “Mira” or prince, of the Barwar region in 1900. This tragedy required his return to Lower Tyareh where he vowed to avenge his father’s murder. In 1908, Malik Khoshaba assembled a formidable force of Lower Tyareh fighters from the villages of Lizan, Bne Laggipa, Minyanish, Zawitha and Zarne and attacked the Barwar Kurds where a fierce battle ensued that resulted in Malik Khoshaba killing Rashid Beg’s brother, Said Beg, thereby avenging his father’s murder.
331:. During the night, Malik Khiyo of Ashitha (17 years old at the time) observed two groups crossing his front, positioned himself in an artillery observation post and directed a moonlight strike to hold off the enemy. Two of Khoshaba's patrols were successful in capturing Turkish and Kurdish soldiers to gather intel about their positions. Khoshaba was also successful in preventing the enemy's field guns from damaging his post at dawn, while also bringing in twenty-four Turkish prisoners and personally killing four Turkish soldiers. By 7:30am, the enemy was beaten by the men of Khoshaba and Khiyo of Ashitha. On 13 August 1917, in Seray and
192:
34:
400:. During the battle, Simko was panic stricken after seeing the Assyrians rip apart his forces. While the battle was going on, Simko managed to flee, abandoning his men. After one day of fighting, the Kurds were decisively defeated. It is said that the river in Charah was completely red from the dead
304:
seeing a large convoy of girls and young women whom the Turks were carrying off, Malik
Khoshaba took with him a handful of brave men, and divided his forces, they attacked the Turks from two sides. In this encounter he completely vanquished the Turks, and delivered from their grip 2,600 women and
412:
Malik
Khoshaba was appointed the president of the Assyrian Advisory Committee which was made up of a number of influential Assyrian tribal leaders. This led to two factions developing within the Assyrians of Iraq, a patriarchal faction led by
359:) troops. Their task at the time was to hold the front against the Turks who were attempting to advance on the city of Baku, in which they were successful in doing so for seven months (January - July 1918) while surrounded by enemy forces.
320:) troops. Their task at the time was to hold the front against the Turks who were attempting to advance on the city of Baku, in which they were successful in doing so for seven months (January - July 1918) while surrounded by enemy forces.
437:
was awaiting him on the road with at least 80 armed men. This resulted in the
Mustarrif sending Iraqi police to ensure Khoshaba and his accompanions were not harmed and further drove the split between the factions.
421:. The tension between the two factions reached a pinnacle according to a letter from the Administrative Inspector of Mosul to the Ministry of Interior, on 19 June 1933, Khoshaba, accompanied with Malik Khiyo of
246:. Khoshaba descended from the distinguished "Bet Polous" family of ancient lineage. Khoshaba completed his primary education at a Presbyterian missionary in Tyari before continuing his secondary studies in
327:, the Assyrians of Lower Tyari under the leadership of Malik Khoshaba were settled around the mountains of Seray where they were besieged by Turkish and Kurdish forces under the command of
396:, who was responsible for the murder of the Assyrian patriarch Mar Shimun was staying in the fortress. The fortress had never been conquered despite numerous attempts by the
173:
178:
148:
450:. He was seen by many (though not all) as a divisive figure, particularly with regards to undermining the cause of Assyrian autonomy within the newly created and
461:
According to
British Army officer Ronald Sempill Stafford, Khoshaba murdered his own wife and daughter, believing that she had engaged in immoral conduct.
254:. Khoshaba was well versed in several languages such as English, Arabic, Kurdish and Russian that made him a standout individual within the Tyari
704:
878:
898:
735:
680:
579:
883:
792:
278:
845:
629:
604:
818:
903:
227:
138:
888:
301:
with some success. Khoshaba was known for his bravery, cruelty and military capabilities during this time.
294:
807:
68:
309:
and Deir, where the 47,000 refugees were encamped. During this fight, Malik
Khoshaba lost only six men.
242:
Malik
Khoshaba was born in the village of Lizan in the Lower Tyari region of which lies in modern-day
281:
in 1843. Patto's family ruled over Tyari for 600 years and was successful in bringing back
Patriarch
153:
373:
Assyrians attacked the
Fortress of Charah on March 16, 1918 after the murder of Mar Shimun by the
143:
831:
103:
893:
873:
8:
282:
119:
191:
698:
183:
168:
841:
788:
742:
686:
676:
625:
600:
575:
480:
388:
joined forces with Malik
Khoshaba and others in driving Simko from his stronghold at
298:
259:
417:
and a non-patriarchal faction led by Malik
Khoshaba and Mar Zaya Sargis, Bishop of
414:
368:
163:
767:
719:
475:
470:
255:
211:
203:
123:
401:
374:
72:
785:
Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century
867:
690:
645:
517:
339:
270:
158:
393:
381:
670:
672:
Year of the sword : the Assyrian Christian genocide : a history
389:
385:
352:
313:
231:
133:
501:
808:
https://biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/CouncilDocs/C-544-1933-VI_EN.pdf
533:
The History of the Assyrian Church of the East in the Twentieth Century
434:
397:
306:
837:
546:
447:
328:
351:
The Assyrian forces under the command of Malik Khoshaba and General
312:
The Assyrian forces under the command of Malik Khoshaba and General
446:
Later in life, Khoshaba became a figure of great controversy among
323:
During the first summer of the arrival of the Assyrian refugees in
269:
Khoshaba's grandfather, Malik Patto of Lower Tyari, fought against
263:
430:
422:
33:
356:
332:
317:
274:
243:
503:
The Flickering Light of Asia or the Assyrian Nation and Church
250:
and completing his further studies at the American college in
572:
Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide, A History
433:
against the wishes of the Qaimmaqam who warned Khoshaba that
426:
377:
345:
293:
Khoshaba led forces in counterattacks against the far larger
251:
247:
219:
215:
114:
98:
84:
64:
455:
451:
418:
324:
88:
535:. St. Ephrem's Ecumenical Research Institute. p. 222.
769:
Assyrians and Two World Wars: Assyrians from 1914 to 1945
721:
Assyrians and Two World Wars: Assyrians from 1914 to 1945
425:
and Malik Zaia Shams-al-Din of Lower Tyari left from
355:numbered some 6,000 men, flanked by Allied (mainly
316:numbered some 6,000 men, flanked by Allied (mainly
348:of hostile Muslims bent on massacring Christians.
305:girls, whom they led back to the neighbourhood of
865:
44:
833:The Tragedy of the Assyrian Minority in Iraq
22:
285:to Hakkari after the attacks of Badr Khan.
830:Stafford, Ronald Sempill Stafford (1935).
703:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
32:
297:during and after the period known as the
829:
574:. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
190:
782:
499:
226:) who played a significant role in the
195:Malik Khoshaba in military gear in 1918
866:
668:
619:
594:
569:
530:
531:Mooken, Mar Aprem (1 January 2003).
344:He along with his fighters pacified
207:
23:
819:zindamagazine.com December 15, 2003
783:Donabed, Sargon (13 January 2016).
362:
13:
765:
717:
279:1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari
14:
915:
879:Assyrians from the Ottoman Empire
622:The Assyrian, The Rod of My Anger
597:The Assyrian, The Rod of My Anger
899:Military leaders of World War I
823:
812:
801:
776:
759:
728:
711:
787:. Edinburgh University Press.
662:
638:
613:
588:
563:
539:
524:
510:
493:
441:
288:
228:Assyrian independence movement
20:Malik Khoshaba d'Malik Yousip
1:
624:. E. Haddad. pp. 87–96.
599:. E. Haddad. pp. 57–62.
486:
407:
237:
258:who inhabited the region of
7:
464:
10:
920:
675:. James Ferguson. Oxford.
500:E Werda, Rev Joel (1924).
366:
337:
174:Battle of Urmia April 1918
884:Assyrian military leaders
179:Battle of Urmia June 1918
129:
109:
94:
78:
58:
50:
40:
31:
18:
547:"SHALL THIS NATION DIE?"
154:Battle of Seray Mountain
766:Ismael, Yaqou D'Malik.
718:Ismael, Yaqou D'Malik.
669:Yacoub, Joseph (2016).
570:Yacoub, Joseph (2016).
149:Hakkari Expedition 1917
144:Hakkari Expedition 1916
646:"Leaders & Heroes"
518:"Leaders & Heroes"
196:
904:People of World War I
200:Malik Khoshaba Yousip
194:
104:Allies of World War I
620:Haddad, Eva (1953).
595:Haddad, Eva (1953).
454:-dominated state of
889:People from Hakkari
214:tribal leader (or "
120:Assyrian volunteers
398:Iranian government
283:Mar Abraham Shimun
197:
184:Assyrian rebellion
169:Battle of Suldouze
682:978-0-19-069463-0
581:978-0-19-063346-2
481:Assyrian genocide
299:Assyrian genocide
189:
188:
911:
858:
857:
855:
854:
827:
821:
816:
810:
805:
799:
798:
780:
774:
773:
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
747:
741:. Archived from
740:
732:
726:
725:
715:
709:
708:
702:
694:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
642:
636:
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586:
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567:
561:
560:
558:
557:
543:
537:
536:
528:
522:
521:
514:
508:
507:
497:
415:Shimun XXI Eshai
369:Battle of Charah
363:Battle of Charah
262:in southeastern
209:
164:Battle of Charah
139:Persian campaign
36:
26:
25:
16:
15:
919:
918:
914:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
864:
863:
862:
861:
852:
850:
848:
840:. p. 122.
828:
824:
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802:
795:
781:
777:
764:
760:
751:
749:
745:
738:
734:
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582:
568:
564:
555:
553:
545:
544:
540:
529:
525:
516:
515:
511:
498:
494:
489:
476:Simele massacre
471:Assyrian people
467:
444:
410:
371:
365:
342:
291:
240:
208:ܡܠܟ ܚܕܒܫܒܐ ܝܘܣܦ
124:Assyrian levies
118:
102:
83:
63:
46:
45:ܡܠܟ ܚܕܒܫܒܐ ܝܘܣܦ
27:
24:ܡܠܟ ܚܕܒܫܒܐ ܝܘܣܦ
21:
12:
11:
5:
917:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
860:
859:
846:
822:
811:
800:
794:978-1474412124
793:
775:
772:. p. 152.
758:
736:"常德升同汽车科技有限公司"
727:
724:. p. 152.
710:
681:
661:
650:www.tyareh.org
637:
630:
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605:
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367:Main article:
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338:Main article:
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146:
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131:
127:
126:
111:
107:
106:
96:
92:
91:
80:
76:
75:
73:Ottoman Empire
60:
56:
55:
54:Lion of Tyari
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
916:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
849:
847:9781136196126
843:
839:
835:
834:
826:
820:
815:
809:
804:
796:
790:
786:
779:
771:
770:
762:
748:on 2018-08-12
744:
737:
731:
723:
722:
714:
706:
700:
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688:
684:
678:
674:
673:
665:
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641:
633:
631:9780646284187
627:
623:
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606:9780646284187
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349:
347:
341:
340:Urmia Clashes
336:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
310:
308:
302:
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296:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Bedr Khan Beg
267:
265:
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257:
253:
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235:
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221:
217:
213:
205:
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193:
185:
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159:Urmia Clashes
157:
155:
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125:
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86:
81:
77:
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70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
17:
851:. Retrieved
832:
825:
814:
803:
784:
778:
768:
761:
750:. Retrieved
743:the original
730:
720:
713:
671:
664:
653:. Retrieved
649:
640:
621:
615:
596:
590:
571:
565:
554:. Retrieved
551:www.aina.org
550:
541:
532:
526:
512:
502:
495:
460:
445:
411:
394:Simko Shikak
372:
350:
343:
329:Khalil Pasha
322:
311:
303:
295:Ottoman Army
292:
268:
241:
223:
199:
198:
130:Battles/wars
122:, later the
894:1877 births
874:1954 deaths
442:Controversy
386:Agha Petros
353:Agha Petros
314:Agha Petros
289:World War I
277:during the
232:World War I
134:World War I
51:Nickname(s)
41:Native name
868:Categories
853:2018-07-06
752:2022-06-04
655:2022-07-09
556:2022-06-09
487:References
435:Malik Yaqo
408:Later life
404:fighters.
390:Koynashahr
238:Early life
224:Bit Tyareh
218:") of the
95:Allegiance
838:Routledge
699:cite book
691:973223097
506:. Author.
458:in 1932.
448:Assyrians
256:Assyrians
210:) was an
465:See also
307:Bashkale
264:Anatolia
212:Assyrian
110:Commands
431:Amadiya
427:Nohadra
423:Ashitha
380:leader
378:Kurdish
375:Ottoman
357:Russian
318:Russian
260:Hakkari
230:during
222:tribe (
69:Hakkari
844:
791:
689:
679:
628:
603:
578:
402:Shikak
333:Mavana
275:Bohtan
244:Turkey
204:Syriac
117:tribe
113:Lower
101:tribe
746:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
382:Simko
346:Urmia
252:Urmia
248:Mosul
220:Tyari
216:malik
115:Tyari
99:Tyari
85:Mosul
65:Tyari
842:ISBN
789:ISBN
705:link
687:OCLC
677:ISBN
626:ISBN
601:ISBN
576:ISBN
456:Iraq
452:Arab
419:Jilu
325:Iran
89:Iraq
82:1954
79:Died
62:1877
59:Born
429:to
273:of
870::
836:.
701:}}
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384:,
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609:.
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202:(
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