523:
507:
decade of settlement. Horatio
Cockburn Ellerman, an early settler who came to run the Antwerp station in 1846, had participated in several raids on Aboriginal camps, and was notoriously hard on the Indigenous people early in his career. He had, according to the testimony of William Taylor, had taken part in a punitive raid in the southern Wimmera. His ruthlessness drew the enmity particularly of the Wudjubalug, who were rumoured to be intent on killing him. Ellerman obtained a warrant in 1844, and, enlisting the assistance of Border Police, tracked down the suspect, shooting him together with another Wudjubalug. He was widely believed to have been involved in the murder of an Aboriginal woman at
515:. Ellerman took her orphaned child in. Ellerman lost track of the boy while he consigned his wool to Melbourne in 1850, and Willie, who was picked up and befriended by schoolboys, was adopted by the Reverend Lloyd Chase and later taken to Britain to be educated as a missionary to his people. While in England, he found the climate and solitude unbearable and, contracting, a lung disease died on 10 March 1852. Just before his death he asked to be baptised in the Christian faith, and was given the baptismal name William Wimmera. A sixteen-page account of his life,
444:
before these ancient spirits disappeared from the heavens before man himself was created, and the earth was in sheer darkness. Pupperimbul hurled an emu egg into the firmament, whereupon it burst and shed light over the sky. The celestial pattern of the near stars reflected kinship patterns: Gnowee's
163:
Every day we passed over land which for natural fertility and beauty could scarcely be surpassed; over streams of unfailing abundance and plains covered with the richest pasturage. Stately trees and majestic mountains adorned the ever-varying scenery of this region, the most southern of all
Australia
657:
The orders I propose to make are of special significance as they constitute the first recognition and protection of native title resulting in the ongoing enjoyment of native title in the State of
Victoria and, it would appear, on the South-Eastern seaboard of Australia. These are areas in which the
506:
in 1838. His reports of the well-watered mallee country provided encouragement for the subsequent rush of settlers with their cattle and sheep eager to establish pastoral stations. Strong resistance to this influx meant that
Europeans could not travel unarmed in Wergaia territory during the first
354:
with a sophisticated knowledge of astronomy. When
William Edward Stanbridge took up grazing lands in their territory in the mid 19th century, he learned of it from them. Stanbridge described part of their system in a lecture delivered before the
658:
Aboriginal peoples suffered severe and extensive dispossession, degradation and devastation as a consequence of the establishment of
British sovereignty over their lands and waters during the 19th century.
539:
responsible for finding the three Duff children lost in the
Australian bush for 9 days in 1864 which garnered national and even international attention. Dick-a-Dick was one of the Wudjubalug and
2278:
1576:
636:
645:
won native title recognition on 13 December 2005 after a ten-year legal process. It was the first successful native title claim in south-eastern
Australia and in Victoria, determined by Justice
385:
A few examples illustrate the intimate correlation they established between the movements of celestial bodies and the cycles of natural phenomena in their native habitat. The northern rise of
615:
decided to close the
Ebenezer Mission due to low numbers. The mission closed in 1904, and most of the land reverted to the Victorian Lands Department as crown land, and was opened up for
227:. Laap was harvested over a period of 6 to eight weeks, any area could yield up to 40–50 pounds of the substance a day. It was confected from the sugary excretions of a species of
1615:
477:
and killed many people in two waves before the 1830s. It killed large numbers of people, and disfigured many more with pock-marked faces, and tribal elders said it came down the
2034:
1544:
Stanbridge, William Edward (1861). "Some particulars of the general characteristics, astronomy, and mythology of tribes in the central part of
Victoria, southern Australia".
522:
366:
A reanalysis of Stanbridge's material has recently led to the hypothesis that some time after 1837, the Wergaia had registered the massive flaring or 'great eruption' of
2269:
2394:
649:
involving Wudjubalug, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagalk people. In his reasons for judgement Justice Merkel made special mention of Wudjubalug elder
544:
1608:
1951:
2013:
259:
changed, a slight increase in aridity led to a tenfold increase in habitation, according to the archaeological record dated to around 4000 years BP.
2429:
2457:
2422:
1601:
359:
in September 1857. Stanbridge's exposition showed that the Wergaia connected the rising and setting of particular stars with seasonal events and
2387:
2250:
2020:
267:
The Maligundidj people were divided into 20 clans each with their particular territory. The first question they would ask an outsider was:
1500:
2401:
2415:
2171:
2408:
2207:
1489:
1464:
1439:
1420:
1395:
1339:
1328:
1303:
1275:
1247:
1222:
1183:
1156:
2462:
1967:
1523:
356:
1347:
Hamacher, Duane Willis; Frew, David J. (2010). "An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae".
612:
2027:
319:
clans, and meetings and ceremonies were attended with the Dadidadi, Wadiwadi, and Ladjiladji peoples to their north.
1515:
196:. Rivers were trawled for freshwater mussels and crayfish. Bushland was carefully kept in order by selected firing.
1387:
1320:
2079:
351:
2236:
2178:
2121:
1546:
616:
276:
2107:
2065:
2058:
223:
attracted many tribes to congregate in order to socialize, settle disputes and enjoy a sweet potion, called
2229:
2114:
2072:
2045:
1408:
German Moravian Missionaries in the British Colony of Victoria, Australia, 1848–1908: Influential Strangers
292:
111:
511:
in 1846, where he had fired at random at a Gur-balug group of Aboriginal people at their camp site on the
247:
The Aboriginal people of this area go back at least 1,600 generations. There is evidence of occupation in
74:
Before European settlement in the nineteenth century, the Wergaia peoples occupied the area that included
1999:
340:
213:
17:
2331:
2100:
1585:
1481:
1295:
1267:
156:
145:
1194:
469:
It is likely that first contact with Europeans was through smallpox epidemics which arrived with the
201:
627:
under police escort, along with closure of all rations to Ebenezer Mission and seizure of children.
2366:
2324:
1239:
197:
2352:
2093:
1856:
248:
205:
216:, extending over hectares to form a network interconnecting swamps, floodways and watercourses.
474:
422:
1475:
1406:
1314:
1261:
1233:
1211:
Aboriginal Languages and Clans: An Historical Atlas of Western and Central Victoria, 1800–1900
1167:
1981:
1624:
1581:
1450:
1379:
685:
189:
41:
1289:
1142:
271:(What is your flesh?) meaning what was your place within the system of moieties and totemic
1532:
1366:
668:
650:
137:
53:
168:
It was he added, a "blank sheet" for future development. For the natives, it was rich in
8:
2345:
2317:
2294:
2135:
1702:
1660:
721:
585:
581:
252:
61:
1536:
1370:
562:
is a Wergaia word meaning 'stranger, especially a dangerous stranger, wild blackfellow.
2303:
2128:
1870:
1751:
1667:
1563:
1356:
1285:
1257:
620:
536:
332:
103:
99:
2200:
1988:
1919:
1674:
1485:
1460:
1435:
1416:
1391:
1324:
1299:
1271:
1243:
1218:
1214:
1179:
1152:
481:
sent by malevolent sorcerers to the north. One Wudjubalug account called the disease
236:
208:
noted fine-built thatched huts, raised on stone walls along the waterways, elaborate
141:
45:
2452:
2310:
1974:
1849:
1716:
1695:
1555:
1412:
1235:
Scars in the Landscape: A Register of Massacre Sites in Western Victoria, 1803–1859
1148:
589:
571:
489:
280:
133:
127:
95:
604:), close to where Willie's mother was killed, and a traditional meeting place and
1456:
1201:
1175:
577:
418:
316:
2243:
2142:
1786:
1138:
503:
79:
75:
65:
1172:
After Captain Cook: The Archaeology of the Recent Indigenous Past in Australia
327:
According to information given by the Wudjubalug clan, the dreamtime creator,
2446:
1807:
1737:
1709:
512:
499:
398:
115:
91:
2149:
2004:
1800:
1639:
619:. In the following twenty years many Wergaia people were forcibly moved to
478:
394:
347:
209:
87:
2086:
1940:
1898:
1884:
1842:
1821:
1765:
1758:
1723:
1681:
1653:
1380:"Astronomy and the Dreaming: The Astronomy of the Aboriginal Australians"
673:
540:
532:
526:
470:
367:
312:
2279:
Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria
1593:
1577:
Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria
637:
Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria
2359:
2338:
1960:
1926:
1912:
1891:
1877:
1835:
1828:
1567:
646:
605:
494:
410:
159:, exploring the territory over which the Wergaia dwelt, wrote in 1836:
1432:
The Lamb Enters the Dreaming - Nathaniel Pepper and the Ruptured World
382:, and had incorporated the event into their ethnoastronomical system.
1863:
1730:
1688:
624:
429:
360:
83:
1559:
1814:
1779:
1772:
1744:
1646:
390:
256:
185:
1361:
56:, made up of a number of clans. The people were also known as the
1933:
1505:
642:
551:
458:
379:
304:
251:
going back to 30–20,000 years ago, predating the end of the
193:
177:
173:
49:
702:
1384:
Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy
433:
328:
228:
1516:"On the Astronomy and Mythology of the Aborigines of Victoria"
1793:
954:
915:
608:
ground. The site was chosen with the assistance of Ellerman.
450:
107:
1452:
Fantastic Dreaming: The Archaeology of an Aboriginal Mission
1195:"Stories in the Stars – the night sky of the Boorong people"
966:
473:
in 1788 and rapidly spread through the trading networks of
406:
2270:
Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria
793:
791:
393:) signalled that it was time to harvest the larvae of the
990:
927:
519:
was published which focused on his religious redemption.
1168:"Recent Investigations at the Ebenezer Mission Cemetery"
1067:
1014:
71:
eucalypt bushland which covers much of their territory.
1057:
1055:
1053:
944:
942:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
827:
788:
740:
492:
was possibly the first European (called by the Wergaia
903:
858:
856:
854:
550:
In 1981 or early 1982 the Aboriginal community met in
322:
1170:. In Harrison, Rodney; Williamson, Christine (eds.).
1166:
Brown, Steve; Avery, Steven; Goulding, Megan (2004).
545:
Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868
517:
A Short memoir of William Wimmera, an Australian Boy,
1091:
1079:
1050:
1038:
1026:
978:
939:
868:
815:
1115:
1002:
891:
851:
839:
803:
752:
279:. They were a matrilineal society divided into two
1547:Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London
1291:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
1165:
776:
764:
708:
307:), with the moiety to which one belonged called a
1103:
335:man, was assisted in fashioning the world by the
2444:
662:
413:eggs were ready to be collected. The setting of
498:) seen by the Maligundidj when he followed the
464:
180:formed the staple of their diet, as well as in
1349:Journal of Astronomical History & Heritage
653:and explained the significance of his orders:
1609:
1524:Transactions Philosophical Institute Victoria
1192:
960:
409:) set just after duskfall, it indicated that
1346:
1340:"A Wergaia Planisphere: An Educational Tool"
972:
933:
592:in 1859 in Wergaia country at a site called
432:story of the Wudjubalug people tells of how
1193:Christies, Patricia; Bush, Martin (2008) .
1144:Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800
630:
1616:
1602:
1543:
1513:
996:
921:
584:and F.W. Spieseke, who had been active at
346:One clan of the Wergaia, the Boorong near
64:) which means the people belonging to the
1623:
1473:
1360:
797:
1501:"Past gives us strength, Aborigines say"
1337:
948:
521:
311:. Intermarriage occurred often with the
255:. As the earlier warm, rainy era of the
1574:
1477:Black Robinson: Protector of Aborigines
1338:Hamacher, Duane Willis (28 June 2011).
1215:Monash publications in geography, No.37
1121:
14:
2458:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)
2445:
2251:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
2172:Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register
1377:
1312:
1137:
1008:
984:
909:
833:
821:
809:
242:
2208:Minister for Treaty and First Peoples
1597:
1498:
1448:
1429:
1404:
1284:
1256:
1231:
1208:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1044:
1032:
1020:
897:
885:
862:
845:
782:
770:
758:
746:
556:Goolum Goolum Aboriginal Cooperative
554:and applied for registration as the
1968:Deen Maar Indigenous Protected Area
1514:Stanbridge, William Edward (1858).
588:for several years, established the
565:
357:Philosophical Institute of Victoria
323:Mythological and empirical thinking
24:
1499:Shiel, Fergus (14 December 2005).
25:
2474:
543:men who formed the basis for the
235:) deposited on the leaves of the
726:Wimmera Primary Care Partnership
709:Brown, Avery & Goulding 2004
2080:Chiltern-Mt Pilot National Park
343:, who moulded men from a tree.
2237:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
2179:Victoria Archaeological Survey
2122:Mount William stone axe quarry
1316:Manna: An Historical Geography
714:
641:The Indigenous peoples of the
13:
1:
2000:Registered Aboriginal Parties
722:"Cultural Awareness Training"
663:Prominent speakers of Wergaia
219:Around February and March, a
2230:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
2115:Lake Bolac stone arrangement
2073:Carisbrook stone arrangement
1474:Rae-Ellis, Vivienne (1996).
696:
613:State Government of Victoria
465:European contact and history
425:marked the onset of autumn.
374:— a female crow and wife of
7:
2463:History of Victoria (state)
1382:. In Selin, Helaine (ed.).
1378:Haynes, Roslynn D. (2012).
679:
370:, which they identified as
121:
27:Aboriginal Australian group
10:
2479:
2332:Convincing Ground massacre
1482:Melbourne University Press
1296:Cambridge University Press
1268:Cambridge University Press
1263:The Languages of Australia
1130:
634:
569:
436:, the sun, was created by
421:) in the constellation of
339:brothers, dwellers in the
262:
151:
125:
2376:
2293:
2260:
2224:
2217:
2192:
2159:
2053:
2044:
1998:
1950:
1631:
1584: (13 December 2005),
961:Christies & Bush 2008
202:Port Phillip Protectorate
52:regions of north-Western
2367:Murdering Gully massacre
2325:Campaspe Plains massacre
1582:[2005] FCA 1795
1405:Jensz, Felicity (2010).
1240:Aboriginal Studies Press
973:Hamacher & Frew 2010
934:Hamacher & Frew 2010
691:
631:Native Title recognition
352:accomplished star-gazers
275:relations that governed
198:George Augustus Robinson
2353:Mudgegonga rock shelter
2094:Grampians National Park
1434:. Scribe Publications.
293:southern black cockatoo
233:Psylla eucalypti Dobson
206:Protector of Aborigines
1430:Kenny, Robert (2007).
660:
558:. According to Clark,
529:
475:Indigenous Australians
166:
2382:By state or territory
1625:Aboriginal Victorians
1313:Donkin, R.A. (2013).
686:Alfred William Howitt
655:
578:Moravian missionaries
525:
161:
42:Aboriginal Australian
1449:Lydon, Jane (2009).
1178:. pp. 147–169.
669:William John Kennedy
212:, one, south around
2346:Gippsland massacres
2318:Blood Hole massacre
2193:State organisations
2136:Sunbury earth rings
1537:1857PPIVT...2..137S
1371:2010JAHH...13..220H
1286:Dixon, Robert M. W.
1258:Dixon, Robert M. W.
1232:Clark, Ian (1995).
1209:Clark, Ian (1990).
1076:, pp. 21, 120.
1023:, pp. 180–182.
924:, pp. 137–140.
749:, pp. 177–183.
596:(variously spelled
582:Friedrich Hagenauer
372:Collowgullouric War
277:Aboriginal identity
243:History and culture
200:, appointed by the
86:, Lake Werringrin,
62:Wotjobaluk language
2395:Northern Territory
2129:New Guinea II cave
1390:. pp. 53–89.
651:Uncle Jack Kennedy
621:Lake Tyers Mission
530:
140:, a member of the
2440:
2439:
2430:Western Australia
2289:
2288:
2201:Heritage Victoria
2188:
2187:
1989:Lake Boga mission
1491:978-0-522-84744-4
1466:978-0-759-11804-1
1441:978-1-921-21516-2
1422:978-9-004-17921-9
1397:978-9-401-14179-6
1330:978-9-401-76117-8
1305:978-0-521-47378-1
1277:978-0-521-29450-8
1249:978-0-855-75595-9
1224:978-0-909-68541-6
1185:978-0-759-10657-4
1158:978-1-741-14569-4
1149:Allen & Unwin
535:was a Wudjubalug
190:the dandelion yam
186:yellow water lily
136:was a dialect of
16:(Redirected from
2470:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2311:Battle of Yering
2306:
2282:
2273:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2203:
2181:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1975:Ebenezer Mission
1970:
1963:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1857:Pallanganmiddang
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1717:Djargurd Wurrong
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1571:
1540:
1520:
1510:
1495:
1470:
1445:
1426:
1401:
1374:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1309:
1281:
1253:
1228:
1205:
1204:. pp. 1–12.
1199:
1189:
1162:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
975:, pp. 8–13.
970:
964:
963:, pp. 1–12.
958:
952:
946:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
866:
860:
849:
843:
837:
836:, p. xviii.
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
728:. 20 August 2019
718:
712:
706:
590:Ebenezer Mission
572:Ebenezer Mission
566:Ebenezer Mission
490:Edward John Eyre
341:Naracoorte caves
221:Festival of Laap
204:to be the first
134:Wergaia language
128:Wergaia language
84:Pine Plains Lake
21:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2409:South Australia
2407:
2400:
2393:
2388:New South Wales
2386:
2381:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2304:Batman's Treaty
2302:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1627:
1622:
1592:
1560:10.2307/3014201
1518:
1492:
1467:
1457:Rowman Altamira
1442:
1423:
1398:
1331:
1306:
1278:
1250:
1225:
1202:Museum Victoria
1197:
1186:
1176:Rowman Altamira
1159:
1139:Broome, Richard
1133:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
997:Stanbridge 1861
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
940:
932:
928:
922:Stanbridge 1858
920:
916:
912:, p. xvii.
908:
904:
896:
892:
884:
869:
861:
852:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
796:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
731:
729:
720:
719:
715:
707:
703:
699:
694:
682:
665:
639:
633:
574:
568:
467:
453:), the wife of
442:Nurrumbunguttia
419:Beehive Cluster
397:, a species of
325:
317:Dja Dja Wurrung
265:
245:
237:walkerie mallee
157:Thomas Mitchell
154:
130:
124:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2244:Half-Caste Act
2240:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2143:Tarragal Caves
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2014:Barengi Gadjin
2009:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1787:Krauatungalang
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1572:
1541:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1471:
1465:
1446:
1440:
1427:
1421:
1402:
1396:
1375:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1310:
1304:
1282:
1276:
1254:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1206:
1190:
1184:
1163:
1157:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1100:, p. 179.
1090:
1088:, p. 181.
1078:
1066:
1064:, p. 180.
1049:
1047:, p. 116.
1037:
1035:, p. 140.
1025:
1013:
1001:
999:, p. 301.
989:
977:
965:
953:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
888:, p. 177.
867:
850:
838:
826:
824:, p. 109.
814:
802:
800:, p. 242.
798:Rae-Ellis 1996
787:
775:
763:
761:, p. 507.
751:
739:
713:
711:, p. 147.
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
681:
678:
677:
676:
671:
664:
661:
635:Main article:
632:
629:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
504:Lake Hindmarsh
466:
463:
447:Chargee Gnowee
324:
321:
305:white cockatoo
269:ngaia yauarin?
264:
261:
244:
241:
153:
150:
142:Kulinic branch
126:Main article:
123:
120:
80:Lake Albacutya
76:Lake Hindmarsh
40:people are an
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2475:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2005:Land councils
2001:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:Girai wurrung
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:Djadjawurrung
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1586:Federal Court
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
998:
993:
987:, p. 57.
986:
981:
974:
969:
962:
957:
950:
949:Hamacher 2011
945:
943:
935:
930:
923:
918:
911:
906:
900:, p. 45.
899:
894:
887:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
865:, p. 39.
864:
859:
857:
855:
848:, p. 52.
847:
842:
835:
830:
823:
818:
812:, p. xx.
811:
806:
799:
794:
792:
785:, p. 49.
784:
779:
773:, p. 48.
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
743:
727:
723:
717:
710:
705:
701:
687:
684:
683:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
638:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
602:Punyo Bunnutt
599:
598:Bungo budnutt
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
563:
561:
560:Goolum goolum
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
528:
524:
520:
518:
514:
513:Wimmera River
510:
505:
501:
500:Wimmera River
497:
496:
491:
488:The explorer
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
462:
460:
456:
455:Ginabongbearp
452:
448:
443:
440:, one of the
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:Coonartoorung
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:carpenter ant
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
337:BramBram Ngul
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
260:
258:
254:
250:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
165:
164:and the best.
160:
158:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
119:
117:
116:Wimmera River
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Warracknabeal
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:group in the
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2277:
2268:
2160:
2150:Wurdi Youang
1905:
1703:Djab Wurrung
1661:Braiakaulung
1640:Barababaraba
1575:
1551:
1545:
1528:
1522:
1504:
1476:
1451:
1431:
1407:
1383:
1352:
1348:
1315:
1290:
1262:
1234:
1210:
1171:
1143:
1122:AustLII 2005
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1011:, p. 9.
1004:
992:
980:
968:
956:
936:, p. 1.
929:
917:
905:
893:
841:
829:
817:
805:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:. Retrieved
725:
716:
704:
656:
640:
611:In 1902 the
610:
601:
597:
593:
575:
559:
555:
549:
531:
516:
508:
493:
487:
483:thinba micka
482:
479:Murray River
468:
454:
446:
441:
437:
427:
414:
402:
387:Marpeankuurk
386:
384:
378:— the crow,
375:
371:
365:
348:Lake Tyrrell
345:
336:
326:
308:
300:
296:
288:
284:
272:
268:
266:
253:last ice age
246:
232:
224:
220:
218:
181:
169:
167:
162:
155:
146:Pama–Nyungan
131:
112:Hattah Lakes
88:Lake Coorong
73:
66:
57:
37:
33:
31:
29:
2218:Legislation
2087:Cloggs Cave
1982:Framlingham
1952:Communities
1941:Yorta Yorta
1899:Wemba-Wemba
1885:Wadawurrung
1871:Tatungalung
1843:Ngooraialum
1822:Ladji Ladji
1766:Jardwadjali
1759:Gunditjmara
1752:Gunaikurnai
1724:Djilamatang
1682:Boonwurrung
1668:Brataualung
1654:Brabiralung
1588:(Australia)
1554:: 286–303.
1531:: 137–140.
1355:(3): 1–23.
1009:Broome 2005
985:Haynes 2012
910:Broome 2005
834:Broome 2005
822:Donkin 2013
810:Broome 2005
674:Dick-a-Dick
594:Banji bunag
541:Jardwadjali
533:Dick-a-Dick
527:Dick-a-Dick
509:Banji bunag
471:First Fleet
445:sister was
438:Pupperimbul
363:mythology.
313:Jardwadjali
214:Mount Duwil
138:Wemba-Wemba
58:Maligundidj
18:Maligundidj
2447:Categories
2402:Queensland
2360:Munangabum
2339:Coranderrk
2066:Box Gulley
2035:Wurundjeri
2028:Wathaurung
1961:Coranderrk
1927:Wurundjeri
1920:Wotjobaluk
1913:Woiwurrung
1892:Warkawarka
1878:Taungurung
1836:Minyambuta
1829:Mardidjali
1675:Bungandidj
1110:Shiel 2005
1098:Clark 1995
1086:Clark 1995
1074:Kenny 2007
1062:Clark 1995
1045:Jensz 2010
1033:Kenny 2007
1021:Clark 1995
898:Lydon 2009
886:Clark 1995
863:Lydon 2009
846:Lydon 2009
783:Lydon 2009
771:Lydon 2009
759:Dixon 1980
747:Clark 1995
647:Ron Merkel
606:corroboree
495:ngamadjidj
411:malleefowl
210:fishgarths
2108:Kow Swamp
2059:Bend Road
1864:Pangerang
1850:Ngurelban
1773:Jari Jari
1731:Gadubanud
1696:Dhudhuroa
1689:Dadi Dadi
1362:1010.4610
697:Citations
625:Gippsland
617:selection
586:lake Boga
430:dreamtime
368:η Carinae
361:dreamtime
333:eaglehawk
239:gumtree.
110:, Yanac,
2423:Victoria
2416:Tasmania
2162:See also
2021:Bunurong
1815:Kwatkwat
1780:Jupagalk
1745:Gulidjan
1647:Bidhawal
1388:Springer
1321:Springer
1288:(2002).
1260:(1980).
1141:(2005).
680:See also
403:Neilloan
395:wood ant
391:Arcturus
301:krokitch
281:moieties
257:Holocene
249:Gariwerd
178:rhizomes
122:Language
114:and the
104:Dimboola
100:Hopetoun
69:(mallee)
60:(in the
54:Victoria
38:Werrigia
2453:Wergaia
2295:History
1934:Yalukit
1906:Wergaia
1632:Peoples
1568:3014201
1533:Bibcode
1506:The Age
1367:Bibcode
1131:Sources
643:Wimmera
552:Horsham
537:tracker
459:Jupiter
401:. When
380:Canopus
297:grugidj
289:gamutch
263:Society
194:trefoil
174:bulrush
170:kumpung
152:Ecology
50:Wimmera
34:Wergaia
2261:Cases:
2101:Keilor
1808:Kurung
1566:
1488:
1463:
1438:
1419:
1394:
1327:
1302:
1274:
1246:
1221:
1182:
1155:
732:8 July
434:Gnowee
423:Cancer
350:, had
329:Bunjil
295:) and
285:gabadj
229:psylla
184:, the
182:lahoor
176:whose
172:, the
96:Beulah
46:Mallee
2046:Sites
1801:Kulin
1794:Koori
1580:
1564:JSTOR
1519:(PDF)
1413:BRILL
1357:arXiv
1198:(PDF)
692:Notes
451:Venus
417:(the
299:(var.
287:(var.
108:Ouyen
1486:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1153:ISBN
734:2020
576:Two
428:One
407:Vega
331:the
315:and
273:skin
225:laap
192:and
132:The
67:mali
48:and
32:The
1556:doi
623:in
502:to
461:).
376:War
309:mir
303:) (
291:) (
144:of
36:or
2449::
1562:.
1550:.
1527:.
1521:.
1503:.
1484:.
1480:.
1459:.
1455:.
1415:.
1411:.
1386:.
1365:.
1353:13
1351:.
1323:.
1319:.
1298:.
1294:.
1270:.
1266:.
1242:.
1238:.
1217:.
1213:.
1200:.
1174:.
1151:.
1147:.
1052:^
941:^
870:^
853:^
790:^
724:.
580:,
547:.
485:.
283::
188:,
148:.
118:.
106:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
90:,
82:,
78:,
2002:/
1617:e
1610:t
1603:v
1570:.
1558::
1552:1
1539:.
1535::
1529:2
1509:.
1494:.
1469:.
1444:.
1425:.
1400:.
1373:.
1369::
1359::
1342:.
1333:.
1308:.
1280:.
1252:.
1227:.
1188:.
1161:.
1124:.
1112:.
951:.
736:.
600:/
457:(
449:(
405:(
389:(
231:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.